1
|
Barker DS, Acharya BP, Fedchak JA, Klimov NN, Norrgard EB, Scherschligt J, Tiesinga E, Eckel SP. Precise quantum measurement of vacuum with cold atoms. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:121101. [PMID: 36586922 DOI: 10.1063/5.0120500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We describe the cold-atom vacuum standards (CAVS) under development at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The CAVS measures pressure in the ultra-high and extreme-high vacuum regimes by measuring the loss rate of sub-millikelvin sensor atoms from a magnetic trap. Ab initio quantum scattering calculations of cross sections and rate coefficients relate the density of background gas molecules or atoms to the loss rate of ultra-cold sensor atoms. The resulting measurement of pressure through the ideal gas law is traceable to the second and the kelvin, making it a primary realization of the pascal. At NIST, two versions of the CAVS have been constructed: a laboratory standard used to achieve the lowest possible uncertainties and pressures, and a portable version that is a potential replacement for the Bayard-Alpert ionization gauge. Both types of CAVSs are connected to a combined extreme-high vacuum flowmeter and dynamic expansion system to enable sensing of a known pressure of gas. In the near future, we anticipate being able to compare the laboratory scale CAVS, the portable CAVS, and the flowmeter/dynamic expansion system to validate the operation of the CAVS as both a standard and vacuum gauge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Barker
- Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Bishnu P Acharya
- Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - James A Fedchak
- Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Nikolai N Klimov
- Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Eric B Norrgard
- Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Julia Scherschligt
- Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Eite Tiesinga
- Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Stephen P Eckel
- Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Weng X, Yan W, Yang Z, Qu J. Creation of an ultralong non-diffracting magnetization light beam with multiple energy oscillations using the inverse Faraday effect. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:5537-5540. [PMID: 31730102 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.005537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diffraction and scatter effects are two big challenges that make the magnetization induced by a light beam endure a finite propagation distance and vulnerable to the defect of magneto-optic film. Here we propose a method to overcome both challenges by creating an ultralong non-diffracting (UND) magnetization light beam with multiple energy oscillations. By simply increasing the number of energy oscillations using the optical pen, the magnetization light beam can propagate over an ultralong distance without significant divergence. Besides, as a kind of non-diffracting light beam, this magnetization light beam possesses the property of self-healing, which makes it robust to the scatter effect. This Letter demonstrates for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the creation of an UND magnetization beam, which may open a new avenue for high-density all-optical magnetic recording and atomic trapping, as well as confocal and magnetic resonance microscopy.
Collapse
|
3
|
Barker DS, Norrgard EB, Klimov NN, Fedchak JA, Scherschligt J, Eckel S. Single-beam Zeeman slower and magneto-optical trap using a nanofabricated grating. PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED 2019; 11:77. [PMID: 33299903 DOI: 10.1038/s42005-019-0181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a compact (0.25 L) system for laser cooling and trapping atoms from a heated dispenser source. Our system uses a nanofabricated diffraction grating to generate a magnetooptical trap (MOT) using a single input laser beam. An aperture in the grating allows atoms from the dispenser to be loaded from behind the chip, increasing the interaction distance of atoms with the cooling light. To take full advantage of this increased distance, we extend the magnetic field gradient of the MOT to create a Zeeman slower. The MOT traps approximately 106 7Li atoms emitted from an effusive source with loading rates greater than 106 s-1. Our design is portable to a variety of atomic and molecular species and could be a principal component of miniaturized cold-atom-based technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D S Barker
- Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - E B Norrgard
- Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - N N Klimov
- Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - J A Fedchak
- Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - J Scherschligt
- Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - S Eckel
- Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barker DS, Norrgard EB, Klimov NN, Fedchak JA, Scherschligt J, Eckel S. Single-beam Zeeman slower and magneto-optical trap using a nanofabricated grating. PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED 2019; 11:10.1103/physrevapplied.11.064023. [PMID: 33299903 PMCID: PMC7722475 DOI: 10.1103/physrevapplied.11.064023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a compact (0.25 L) system for laser cooling and trapping atoms from a heated dispenser source. Our system uses a nanofabricated diffraction grating to generate a magnetooptical trap (MOT) using a single input laser beam. An aperture in the grating allows atoms from the dispenser to be loaded from behind the chip, increasing the interaction distance of atoms with the cooling light. To take full advantage of this increased distance, we extend the magnetic field gradient of the MOT to create a Zeeman slower. The MOT traps approximately 106 7Li atoms emitted from an effusive source with loading rates greater than 106 s-1. Our design is portable to a variety of atomic and molecular species and could be a principal component of miniaturized cold-atom-based technologies.
Collapse
|