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Klein J, Song Z, Pingault B, Dirnberger F, Chi H, Curtis JB, Dana R, Bushati R, Quan J, Dekanovsky L, Sofer Z, Alù A, Menon VM, Moodera JS, Lončar M, Narang P, Ross FM. Sensing the Local Magnetic Environment through Optically Active Defects in a Layered Magnetic Semiconductor. ACS NANO 2023; 17:288-299. [PMID: 36537371 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atomic-level defects in van der Waals (vdW) materials are essential building blocks for quantum technologies and quantum sensing applications. The layered magnetic semiconductor CrSBr is an outstanding candidate for exploring optically active defects because of a direct gap, in addition to a rich magnetic phase diagram, including a recently hypothesized defect-induced magnetic order at low temperature. Here, we show optically active defects in CrSBr that are probes of the local magnetic environment. We observe a spectrally narrow (1 meV) defect emission in CrSBr that is correlated with both the bulk magnetic order and an additional low-temperature, defect-induced magnetic order. We elucidate the origin of this magnetic order in the context of local and nonlocal exchange coupling effects. Our work establishes vdW magnets like CrSBr as an exceptional platform to optically study defects that are correlated with the magnetic lattice. We anticipate that controlled defect creation allows for tailor-made complex magnetic textures and phases with direct optical access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Klein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Zhigang Song
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts02138, United States
- College of Letters and Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, California90095, United States
| | - Benjamin Pingault
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts02138, United States
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GADelft, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Dirnberger
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, New York10031, United States
| | - Hang Chi
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
- U.S. Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland20783, United States
| | - Jonathan B Curtis
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts02138, United States
- College of Letters and Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, California90095, United States
| | - Rami Dana
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Rezlind Bushati
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, New York10031, United States
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York10016, United States
| | - Jiamin Quan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
- Photonics Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, New York10031, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York10031, United States
- Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York10026, United States
| | - Lukas Dekanovsky
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Alù
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
- Photonics Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, New York10031, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York10031, United States
- Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York10026, United States
| | - Vinod M Menon
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, New York10031, United States
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York10016, United States
| | - Jagadeesh S Moodera
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Marko Lončar
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts02138, United States
| | - Prineha Narang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts02138, United States
- College of Letters and Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, California90095, United States
| | - Frances M Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
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Telford EJ, Dismukes AH, Dudley RL, Wiscons RA, Lee K, Chica DG, Ziebel ME, Han MG, Yu J, Shabani S, Scheie A, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Xiao D, Zhu Y, Pasupathy AN, Nuckolls C, Zhu X, Dean CR, Roy X. Coupling between magnetic order and charge transport in a two-dimensional magnetic semiconductor. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:754-760. [PMID: 35513502 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductors, featuring tunable electrical transport, and magnets, featuring tunable spin configurations, form the basis of many information technologies. A long-standing challenge has been to realize materials that integrate and connect these two distinct properties. Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer a platform to realize this concept, but known 2D magnetic semiconductors are electrically insulating in their magnetic phase. Here we demonstrate tunable electron transport within the magnetic phase of the 2D semiconductor CrSBr and reveal strong coupling between its magnetic order and charge transport. This provides an opportunity to characterize the layer-dependent magnetic order of CrSBr down to the monolayer via magnetotransport. Exploiting the sensitivity of magnetoresistance to magnetic order, we uncover a second regime characterized by coupling between charge carriers and magnetic defects. The magnetoresistance within this regime can be dynamically and reversibly tuned by varying the carrier concentration using an electrostatic gate, providing a mechanism for controlling charge transport in 2D magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J Telford
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Ren A Wiscons
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kihong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel G Chica
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Myung-Geun Han
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara Shabani
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allen Scheie
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yimei Zhu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Abhay N Pasupathy
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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