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Navarro J, Muga JG, Pons M. Heat rectification, heat fluxes, and spectral matching. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:064124. [PMID: 37464692 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.064124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Heat rectifiers would facilitate energy management operations such as cooling or energy harvesting, but devices of practical interest are still missing. Understanding heat rectification at a fundamental level is key to helping us find or design such devices. The match or mismatch of the phonon band spectrum of device segments for forward or reverse temperature bias of the thermal baths at device boundaries was proposed as the mechanism behind rectification. However, no explicit theoretical relation derived from first principles had been found so far between heat fluxes and spectral matching. We study heat rectification in a minimalistic chain of two coupled ions. The fluxes and rectification can be calculated analytically. We propose a definition of the matching that sets an upper bound for the heat flux. In a regime where the device rectifies optimally, matching and flux ratios for forward and reverse configurations are found to be proportional. The results can be extended to a system of N particles in arbitrary traps with nearest-neighbor linear interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Navarro
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apdo 644, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Juan Gonzalo Muga
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apdo 644, Bilbao, Spain and EHU Quantum Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Marisa Pons
- Department of Applied Physics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48013 Bilbao, Spain and EHU Quantum Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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Kalantar N, Agarwalla BK, Segal D. Harmonic chains and the thermal diode effect. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:052130. [PMID: 34134267 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.052130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Harmonic oscillator chains connecting two harmonic reservoirs at different constant temperatures cannot act as thermal diodes, irrespective of structural asymmetry. However, here we prove that perfectly harmonic junctions can rectify heat once the reservoirs (described by white Langevin noise) are placed under temperature gradients, which are asymmetric at the two sides, an effect that we term "temperature-gradient harmonic oscillator diodes." This nonlinear diode effect results from the additional constraint-the imposed thermal gradient at the boundaries. We demonstrate the rectification behavior based on the exact analytical formulation of steady-state heat transport in harmonic systems coupled to Langevin baths, which can describe quantum and classical transport, both regimes realizing the diode effect under the involved boundary conditions. Our study shows that asymmetric harmonic systems, such as room-temperature hydrocarbon molecules with varying side groups and end groups, or a linear lattice of trapped ions may rectify heat by going beyond simple boundary conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na'im Kalantar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Bijay Kumar Agarwalla
- Department of Physics, Doctor Homi Bhabha Road, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - Dvira Segal
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6 and Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A7
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Romero-Bastida M, Amaya-Durán JI. Thermal rectification in oscillator lattices with a ballistic spacer and next nearest-neighbor interactions. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:032103. [PMID: 33862683 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.032103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this work we study the asymmetric heat flow, i.e., thermal rectification, of a one-dimensional, mass-graded system consisting of a coupled harmonic oscillator lattice (ballistic spacer) and two diffusive leads attached to the boundaries of the former with both nearest-neighbor and next nearest-neighbor (NNN) interactions. The latter enhance the rectification properties of the system and specially its independence on system size. The system presents a maximum rectification efficiency for a very precise value of the parameter that controls the coupling strength of the NNN interactions that depend on the temperature range wherein the device operates. The origin of this maximum value is the asymmetric local heat flow response corresponding to the NNN contribution at both sides of the lighter mass-loaded diffusive lead as quantified by the spectral properties. Upon variation of the system's parameters the performance of the device is always enhanced in the presence of NNN interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Romero-Bastida
- SEPI ESIME-Culhuacán, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Santa Ana No. 1000, Col. San Francisco Culhuacán, Delegación Coyoacan, Distrito Federal 04430, Mexico
| | - Jeanette-Ivonne Amaya-Durán
- SEPI ESIME-Culhuacán, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Santa Ana No. 1000, Col. San Francisco Culhuacán, Delegación Coyoacan, Distrito Federal 04430, Mexico
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Simón MA, Alaña A, Pons M, Ruiz-García A, Muga JG. Heat rectification with a minimal model of two harmonic oscillators. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:012134. [PMID: 33601578 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.012134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We study heat rectification in a minimalistic model composed of two unequal atoms subjected to linear forces and in contact with effective Langevin baths induced by Doppler lasers. Analytic expressions of the heat currents in the steady state are spelled out. Asymmetric heat transport is found in this linear system if both the bath temperatures and the temperature-dependent bath-system couplings are exchanged. The model can be realized with two ions in either common or individual traps. This physical setting allows for a natural temperature dependence of the coupling to the baths. We also explore the parameter space of the model to optimize asymmetric heat current and find conditions for maximal rectification. High rectification corresponds to a good match of the power spectra of the ions for forward temperature bias and mismatch for reverse bias, which may be understood by the behavior of dissipative normal modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Simón
- Departamento de Química-Física, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - A Alaña
- Departamento de Química-Física, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - M Pons
- Departamento de Física Aplicada I, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - A Ruiz-García
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38203, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Estudios Avanzados (IUdEA), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38203, Spain
| | - J G Muga
- Departamento de Química-Física, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
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Kalantar N, Agarwalla BK, Segal D. On the definitions and simulations of vibrational heat transport in nanojunctions. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:174101. [PMID: 33167626 DOI: 10.1063/5.0027414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal transport through nanosystems is central to numerous processes in chemistry, material sciences, and electrical and mechanical engineering, with classical molecular dynamics as the key simulation tool. Here, we focus on thermal junctions with a molecule bridging two solids that are maintained at different temperatures. The classical steady state heat current in this system can be simulated in different ways, either at the interfaces with the solids, which are represented by thermostats, or between atoms within the conducting molecule. We show that while the latter, intramolecular definition feasibly converges to the correct limit, the molecule-thermostat interface definition is more challenging to converge to the correct result. The problem with the interface definition is demonstrated by simulating heat transport in harmonic and anharmonic one-dimensional chains illustrating unphysical effects such as thermal rectification in harmonic junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na'im Kalantar
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Bijay Kumar Agarwalla
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Dvira Segal
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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Charoenpakdee J, Suntijitrungruang O, Boonchui S. Chirality effects on an electron transport in single-walled carbon nanotube. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18949. [PMID: 33144653 PMCID: PMC7641154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In our work, we investigate characteristics of conductivity for single-walled carbon nanotubes caused by spin–orbit interaction. In the case study of chirality indexes, we especially research on the three types of single-walled carbon nanotubes which are the zigzag, the chiral, and the armchair. The mathematical analysis employed for our works is the Green-Kubo Method. For the theoretical results of our work, we discover that the chirality of single-walled carbon nanotubes impacts the interaction leading to the spin polarization of conductivity. We acknowledge such asymmetry characteristics by calculating the longitudinal current–current correlation function difference between a positive and negative wave vector in which there is the typical chiral-dependent. We also find out that the temperature and the frequency of electrons affect the function producing the different characteristics of the conductivity. From particular simulations, we obtain that the correlation decrease when the temperature increase for a low frequency of electrons. For high frequency, the correlation is nonmonotonic temperature dependence. The results of the phenomena investigated from our study express different degrees of spin polarization in each chiral of single-walled carbon nanotube and significant effects on temperature-dependent charge transport according to carrier backscattering. By chiral-induced spin selectivity that produces different spin polarization, our work could be applied for intriguing optimization charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Charoenpakdee
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | | | - S Boonchui
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand. .,Center of Rubber and Polymer Materials in Agriculture and Industry (RPM), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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Ruiz-García A, Alonso D. Spatial configurations and temperature profiles in nonequilibrium steady state of two-species trapped ion systems. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:012129. [PMID: 32069590 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.012129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We study Coulomb crystals containing two ion species simultaneously confined in radio frequency traps and coupled to different thermal reservoirs located in two separate regions. We use a three-dimensional model to simulate the trapped bicrystal and show in a numerically rigorous manner the effects of the mass dependence of the trapping frequencies on the underlying nonequilibrium dynamics and the temperature profiles. By solving the classical Langevin equations of motion, we obtain the spatial probability densities of the two ion species and the kinetic temperature profiles across the axial direction of the trap in the nonequilibrium steady state. We analyze trapping conditions leading to bicrystals that exhibit ion conformations ranging from a linear chain of alternating ion species to two- and three-dimensional configurations. The results evidence the spatial segregation of the two ion species due to the mass dependence of the trapping frequencies and the increase of ion delocalization for heavier ion species and/or weaker trapping confinements. We also show the correlation between the increase of the temperature gradient in the bulk and this enhancement of ion delocalization through the trap.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ruiz-García
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38203, Spain and IUdEA Instituto Universitario de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38203, Spain
| | - D Alonso
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38203, Spain and IUdEA Instituto Universitario de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38203, Spain
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