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Gou Z, Zhang H, Nait-Ouhra A, Abbasi M, Farutin A, Misbah C. Dynamics and rheology of vesicles under confined Poiseuille flow. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:9101-9114. [PMID: 37990752 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01064c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The rheological behavior and dynamics of a vesicle suspension, serving as a simplified model for red blood cells, are explored within a Poiseuille flow under the Stokes limit. Investigating vesicle response has led to the identification of novel solutions that complement previously documented forms like the parachute and slipper shapes. This study has brought to light the existence of alternative configurations, including a fully off-centered form and a multilobe structure. The study unveils the presence of two distinct branches associated with the slipper shape. One branch arises as a consequence of a supercritical bifurcation from the symmetric parachute shape, while the other emerges from a saddle-node bifurcation. Notably, the findings are represented through diagrams that display data collapsing harmoniously based on a combination of independent dimensionless parameters. Delving into the rheological implications, a remarkable observation emerges: the normalized viscosity (i.e. similar to intrinsic viscosity) exhibits a non-monotonic trend as a function of vesicle concentration. Initially, the normalized viscosity diminishes as the concentration increases, followed by a subsequent rise at higher concentrations. Noteworthy is the presence of a minimum value in the normalized viscosity at lower concentrations, aligning well with the concentrations observed in microcirculation scenarios. The intricate behavior of the normalized viscosity can be attributed to a delicate spatial arrangement within the suspension. Importantly, this trend echoes the observations made in a linear shear flow scenario, thereby underscoring the universality of the rheological behavior for confined suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Gou
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Hengdi Zhang
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Abdessamad Nait-Ouhra
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
- Laboratoire de Matière Condensée et Sciences Interdisciplinaires, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat 1014, Morocco
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, GeoRessources, Nancy, 54000, France
| | - Mehdi Abbasi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | | | - Chaouqi Misbah
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
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2
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Nouaman M, Darras A, John T, Simionato G, Rab MAE, van Wijk R, Laschke MW, Kaestner L, Wagner C, Recktenwald SM. Effect of Cell Age and Membrane Rigidity on Red Blood Cell Shape in Capillary Flow. Cells 2023; 12:1529. [PMID: 37296651 PMCID: PMC10252257 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood flow in the microcirculatory system is crucially affected by intrinsic red blood cell (RBC) properties, such as their deformability. In the smallest vessels of this network, RBCs adapt their shapes to the flow conditions. Although it is known that the age of RBCs modifies their physical properties, such as increased cytosol viscosity and altered viscoelastic membrane properties, the evolution of their shape-adapting abilities during senescence remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of RBC properties on the microcapillary in vitro flow behavior and their characteristic shapes in microfluidic channels. For this, we fractioned RBCs from healthy donors according to their age. Moreover, the membranes of fresh RBCs were chemically rigidified using diamide to study the effect of isolated graded-membrane rigidity. Our results show that a fraction of stable, asymmetric, off-centered slipper-like cells at high velocities decreases with increasing age or diamide concentration. However, while old cells form an enhanced number of stable symmetric croissants at the channel centerline, this shape class is suppressed for purely rigidified cells with diamide. Our study provides further knowledge about the distinct effects of age-related changes of intrinsic cell properties on the single-cell flow behavior of RBCs in confined flows due to inter-cellular age-related cell heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nouaman
- Dynamics of Fluids, Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alexis Darras
- Dynamics of Fluids, Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Thomas John
- Dynamics of Fluids, Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Greta Simionato
- Dynamics of Fluids, Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Minke A. E. Rab
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory-Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard van Wijk
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory-Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias W. Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Lars Kaestner
- Dynamics of Fluids, Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Theoretical Medicine and Biosciences, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wagner
- Dynamics of Fluids, Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Steffen M. Recktenwald
- Dynamics of Fluids, Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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3
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Unsteady Dynamics of Vesicles in a Confined Poiseuille Flow. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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4
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Wu F, Lin J, Wang L, Lin S. Polymer Vesicles in a Nanochannel under Flow Fields: A DPD Simulation Study. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.202200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangsheng Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jiaping Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Liquan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Shaoliang Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
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5
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Liu D, Zhang Z, Wang R, Hu J. Stability and Deformation of Vesicles in a Cylindrical Flow. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:629-637. [PMID: 34994199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we used dissipative particle dynamics to study the stability, deformation, and rupture of polymer vesicles confined in cylindrical channels under the flow field. The morphological evolution, elongation, and rupture of vesicles and the corresponding mechanisms were intensively investigated. Bullet-like vesicles, leaking vesicles, spherical micelles, hamburger-like micelles, and bilayers were observed by changing the degree of confinement and dimensionless shear rate. We found that increasing the dimensionless shear rate and the degree of confinement can cause the deformation or rupture of polymeric vesicles. The asphericity parameter was utilized to describe the degree of elongation of vesicles deviating from the sphere in the direction of the flow. The results show that the aggregates are more likely to be spherical when the confinement is weak, while they become elongated bullet-like shapes when the confinement is strong. The investigation of dynamics reveals that the degree of confinement and the dimensionless shear rate can affect the chain stretching and reorganization during the process of vesicle elongation. Furthermore, the rupture time of the vesicle shows a nonlinear decrease with an increase in the dimensionless shear rate, and the confinement also contributes to the rupture. The results are very useful for guiding the application of vesicles in a flow environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Material and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Material and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Material and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinglei Hu
- Kuang Yaming Honors School and Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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6
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Recktenwald SM, Graessel K, Maurer FM, John T, Gekle S, Wagner C. Red blood cell shape transitions and dynamics in time-dependent capillary flows. Biophys J 2022; 121:23-36. [PMID: 34896369 PMCID: PMC8758421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of single red blood cells (RBCs) determine microvascular blood flow by adapting their shape to the flow conditions in the narrow vessels. In this study, we explore the dynamics and shape transitions of RBCs on the cellular scale under confined and unsteady flow conditions using a combination of microfluidic experiments and numerical simulations. Tracking RBCs in a comoving frame in time-dependent flows reveals that the mean transition time from the symmetric croissant to the off-centered, nonsymmetric slipper shape is significantly faster than the opposite shape transition, which exhibits pronounced cell rotations. Complementary simulations indicate that these dynamics depend on the orientation of the RBC membrane in the channel during the time-dependent flow. Moreover, we show how the tank-treading movement of slipper-shaped RBCs in combination with the narrow channel leads to oscillations of the cell's center of mass. The frequency of these oscillations depends on the cell velocity, the viscosity of the surrounding fluid, and the cytosol viscosity. These results provide a potential framework to identify and study pathological changes in RBC properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen M. Recktenwald
- Dynamics of Fluids, Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany,Corresponding author
| | - Katharina Graessel
- Biofluid Simulation and Modeling, Department of Physics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Felix M. Maurer
- Dynamics of Fluids, Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Thomas John
- Dynamics of Fluids, Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stephan Gekle
- Biofluid Simulation and Modeling, Department of Physics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christian Wagner
- Dynamics of Fluids, Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany,Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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7
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Gallen AF, Castro M, Hernandez-Machado A. Red blood cells in low Reynolds number flow: A vorticity-based characterization of shapes in two dimensions. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:9587-9594. [PMID: 34651149 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00559f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the mechanical properties of red blood cells improve the diagnosis of some blood-related diseases. Some existing numerical methods have successfully simulated the coupling between a fluid and red blood cells. This paper introduces an alternative phase-field model formulation of two-dimensional cells that solves the vorticity and stream function that simplifies the numerical implementation. We integrate red blood cell dynamics immersed in a Poiseuille flow and reproduce previously reported morphologies (slippers or parachutes). In the case of flow in a very wide channel, we discover a new metastable shape referred to as 'anti-parachute' that evolves into a horizontal slipper centered on the channel. This sort of metastable morphology may contribute to the dynamical response of the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu F Gallen
- Departament Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mario Castro
- Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica (IIT), Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, E28015, Spain
| | - Aurora Hernandez-Machado
- Departament Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Gou Z, Zhang H, Abbasi M, Misbah C. Red blood cells under flow show maximal ATP release for specific hematocrit. Biophys J 2021; 120:4819-4831. [PMID: 34547277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP release by red blood cells (RBCs) under shear stress (SS) plays a pivotal role in endothelial biochemical signaling cascades. The aim of this study is to investigate through numerical simulation how RBC spatiotemporal organization depends on flow and geometrical conditions to generate ATP patterns. Numerical simulations were conducted in a straight channel by considering both plasma and explicit presence of RBCs, their shape deformation and cell-cell interaction, and ATP release by RBCs. Two ATP release pathways through cell membrane are taken into account: pannexin 1 channel, sensitive to SS, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, which responds to cell deformation. Several flow and hematocrit conditions are explored. The problem is solved by the lattice Boltzmann method. Application of SS to the RBC suspension triggers a nontrivial spatial RBC organization and ATP patterns. ATP localizes preferentially in the vicinity of the cell-free layer close to channel wall. Conditions for maximal ATP release per cell are identified, which depend on vessel size and hematocrit Ht. Increasing further Ht beyond optimum enhances the total ATP release but should degrade oxygen transport capacity, a compromise between an efficient ATP release and minimal blood dissipation. Moreover, ATP is boosted in capillaries, suggesting a vasomotor activity coordination throughout the resistance network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Gou
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, Grenoble, France
| | - Hengdi Zhang
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, Grenoble, France; Shenzhen Sibionics Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Mehdi Abbasi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, Grenoble, France
| | - Chaouqi Misbah
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, Grenoble, France.
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9
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Takeishi N, Yamashita H, Omori T, Yokoyama N, Sugihara-Seki M. Axial and Nonaxial Migration of Red Blood Cells in a Microtube. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12101162. [PMID: 34683214 PMCID: PMC8541681 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human red blood cells (RBCs) are subjected to high viscous shear stress, especially during microcirculation, resulting in stable deformed shapes such as parachute or slipper shape. Those unique deformed RBC shapes, accompanied with axial or nonaxial migration, cannot be fully described according to traditional knowledge about lateral movement of deformable spherical particles. Although several experimental and numerical studies have investigated RBC behavior in microchannels with similar diameters as RBCs, the detailed mechanical characteristics of RBC lateral movement—in particular, regarding the relationship between stable deformed shapes, equilibrium radial RBC position, and membrane load—has not yet been fully described. Thus, we numerically investigated the behavior of single RBCs with radii of 4 μm in a circular microchannel with diameters of 15 μm. Flow was assumed to be almost inertialess. The problem was characterized by the capillary number, which is the ratio between fluid viscous force and membrane elastic force. The power (or energy dissipation) associated with membrane deformations was introduced to quantify the state of membrane loads. Simulations were performed with different capillary numbers, viscosity ratios of the internal to external fluids of RBCs, and initial RBC centroid positions. Our numerical results demonstrated that axial or nonaxial migration of RBC depended on the stable deformed RBC shapes, and the equilibrium radial position of the RBC centroid correlated well with energy expenditure associated with membrane deformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takeishi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan; (H.Y.); (M.S.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-6-6850-6173
| | - Hiroshi Yamashita
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan; (H.Y.); (M.S.-S.)
- Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita 564-8680, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Omori
- Department of Finemechanics, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan;
| | - Naoto Yokoyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, 5 Senju-Asahi, Adachi, Tokyo 120-8551, Japan;
| | - Masako Sugihara-Seki
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan; (H.Y.); (M.S.-S.)
- Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita 564-8680, Japan
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10
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Abstract
Multinucleate fungi and oomycetes are phylogenetically distant but structurally similar. To address whether they share similar nuclear dynamics, we carried out time-lapse imaging of fluorescently labeled Phytophthora palmivora nuclei. Nuclei underwent coordinated bidirectional movements during plant infection. Within hyphal networks growing in planta or in axenic culture, nuclei either are dragged passively with the cytoplasm or actively become rerouted toward nucleus-depleted hyphal sections and often display a very stretched shape. Benomyl-induced depolymerization of microtubules reduced active movements and the occurrence of stretched nuclei. A centrosome protein localized at the leading end of stretched nuclei, suggesting that, as in fungi, astral microtubule-guided movements contribute to nuclear distribution within oomycete hyphae. The remarkable hydrodynamic shape adaptations of Phytophthora nuclei contrast with those in fungi and likely enable them to migrate over longer distances. Therefore, our work summarizes mechanisms which enable a near-equal nuclear distribution in an oomycete. We provide a basis for computational modeling of hydrodynamic nuclear deformation within branched tubular networks.IMPORTANCE Despite their fungal morphology, oomycetes constitute a distinct group of protists related to brown algae and diatoms. Many oomycetes are pathogens and cause diseases of plants, insects, mammals, and humans. Extensive efforts have been made to understand the molecular basis of oomycete infection, but durable protection against these pathogens is yet to be achieved. We use a plant-pathogenic oomycete to decipher a key physiological aspect of oomycete growth and infection. We show that oomycete nuclei travel actively and over long distances within hyphae and during infection. Such movements require microtubules anchored on the centrosome. Nuclei hydrodynamically adapt their shape to travel in or against the flow. In contrast, fungi lack a centrosome and have much less flexible nuclei. Our findings provide a basis for modeling of flexible nuclear shapes in branched hyphal networks and may help in finding hard-to-evade targets to develop specific antioomycete strategies and achieve durable crop disease protection.
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11
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Losserand S, Coupier G, Podgorski T. Migration velocity of red blood cells in microchannels. Microvasc Res 2019; 124:30-36. [PMID: 30831125 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The lateral migration of red blood cells (RBCs) in confined channel flows is an important ingredient of microcirculatory hydrodynamics and is involved in the development of a cell free layer near vessel walls and influences the distribution of RBCs in networks. It is also relevant to a number of lab-on-chip applications. This migration is a consequence of their deformability and is due to the combined effects of hydrodynamic wall repulsion and the curvature of the fluid velocity profile. We performed microfluidic experiments with dilute suspensions of RBCs in which the trajectories and migration away from the channel wall are analyzed to extract the mean behavior, from which we propose a generic scaling law for the transverse migration velocity valid in a whole range of parameters relevant to microcirculatory and practical situations. Experiments with RBCs of different mechanical properties (separated by density gradient sedimentation or fixed with glutaraldehyde) show the influence of this parameter which can induce significant dispersion of the trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gwennou Coupier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Thomas Podgorski
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, Grenoble F-38000, France
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12
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Zhang H, Shen Z, Hogan B, Barakat AI, Misbah C. ATP Release by Red Blood Cells under Flow: Model and Simulations. Biophys J 2018; 115:2218-2229. [PMID: 30447988 PMCID: PMC6289826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP is a major player as a signaling molecule in blood microcirculation. It is released by red blood cells (RBCs) when they are subjected to shear stresses large enough to induce a sufficient shape deformation. This prominent feature of chemical response to shear stress and RBC deformation constitutes an important link between vessel geometry, flow conditions, and the mechanical properties of RBCs, which are all contributing factors affecting the chemical signals in the process of vasomotor modulation of the precapillary vessel networks. Several in vitro experiments have reported on ATP release by RBCs due to mechanical stress. These studies have considered both intact RBCs as well as cells within which suspected pathways of ATP release have been inhibited. This has provided profound insights to help elucidate the basic governing key elements, yet how the ATP release process takes place in the (intermediate) microcirculation zone is not well understood. We propose here an analytical model of ATP release. The ATP concentration is coupled in a consistent way to RBC dynamics. The release of ATP, or the lack thereof, is assumed to depend on both the local shear stress and the shape change of the membrane. The full chemo-mechanical coupling problem is written in a lattice-Boltzmann formulation and solved numerically in different geometries (straight channels and bifurcations mimicking vessel networks) and under two kinds of imposed flows (shear and Poiseuille flows). Our model remarkably reproduces existing experimental results. It also pinpoints the major contribution of ATP release when cells traverse network bifurcations. This study may aid in further identifying the interplay between mechanical properties and chemical signaling processes involved in blood microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengdi Zhang
- University Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, Grenoble, France; CNRS, LIPHY, Grenoble, France
| | - Zaiyi Shen
- CNRS, LIPHY, Grenoble, France; Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine, Talence CEDEX, France
| | - Brenna Hogan
- Laboratoire d'hydrodynamique de l'Ecole polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Abdul I Barakat
- Laboratoire d'hydrodynamique de l'Ecole polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Chaouqi Misbah
- University Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, Grenoble, France; CNRS, LIPHY, Grenoble, France.
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13
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Xu Z, Yang Y, Zhu G, Chen P, Huang Z, Dai X, Hou C, Yan L. Simulating Transport of Soft Matter in Micro/Nano Channel Flows with Dissipative Particle Dynamics. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201800160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Ye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Guolong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Pengyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Zihan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xiaobin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Cuiling Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Li‐Tang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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14
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Guckenberger A, Kihm A, John T, Wagner C, Gekle S. Numerical-experimental observation of shape bistability of red blood cells flowing in a microchannel. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:2032-2043. [PMID: 29473072 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02272g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cells flowing through capillaries assume a wide variety of different shapes owing to their high deformability. Predicting the realized shapes is a complex field as they are determined by the intricate interplay between the flow conditions and the membrane mechanics. In this work we construct the shape phase diagram of a single red blood cell with a physiological viscosity ratio flowing in a microchannel. We use both experimental in vitro measurements as well as 3D numerical simulations to complement the respective other one. Numerically, we have easy control over the initial starting configuration and natural access to the full 3D shape. With this information we obtain the phase diagram as a function of initial position, starting shape and cell velocity. Experimentally, we measure the occurrence frequency of the different shapes as a function of the cell velocity to construct the experimental diagram which is in good agreement with the numerical observations. Two different major shapes are found, namely croissants and slippers. Notably, both shapes show coexistence at low (<1 mm s-1) and high velocities (>3 mm s-1) while in-between only croissants are stable. This pronounced bistability indicates that RBC shapes are not only determined by system parameters such as flow velocity or channel size, but also strongly depend on the initial conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Guckenberger
- Biofluid Simulation and Modeling, Theoretische Physik, Universität Bayreuth, Germany.
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15
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Abstract
Plasma proteins such as fibrinogen induce the aggregation of red blood cells (RBC) into rouleaux, which are responsible for the pronounced shear thinning behavior of blood, control the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) – a common hematological test – and are involved in many situations of physiological relevance such as structuration of blood in the microcirculation or clot formation in pathological situations. Confocal microscopy is used to characterize the shape of RBCs within rouleaux at equilibrium as a function of macromolecular concentration, revealing the diversity of contact zone morphology. Three different configurations that have only been partly predicted before are identified, namely parachute, male-female and sigmoid shapes, and quantitatively recovered by numerical simulations. A detailed experimental and theoretical analysis of clusters of two cells shows that the deformation increases nonlinearly with the interaction energy. Models indicate a forward bifurcation in which the contacting membrane undergoes a buckling instability from a flat to a deformed contact zone at a critical value of the interaction energy. These results are not only relevant for the understanding of the morphology and stability of RBC aggregates, but also for a whole class of interacting soft deformable objects such as vesicles, capsules or cells in tissues.
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Guckenberger A, Gekle S. Theory and algorithms to compute Helfrich bending forces: a review. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:203001. [PMID: 28240220 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa6313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell membranes are vital to shield a cell's interior from the environment. At the same time they determine to a large extent the cell's mechanical resistance to external forces. In recent years there has been considerable interest in the accurate computational modeling of such membranes, driven mainly by the amazing variety of shapes that red blood cells and model systems such as vesicles can assume in external flows. Given that the typical height of a membrane is only a few nanometers while the surface of the cell extends over many micrometers, physical modeling approaches mostly consider the interface as a two-dimensional elastic continuum. Here we review recent modeling efforts focusing on one of the computationally most intricate components, namely the membrane's bending resistance. We start with a short background on the most widely used bending model due to Helfrich. While the Helfrich bending energy by itself is an extremely simple model equation, the computation of the resulting forces is far from trivial. At the heart of these difficulties lies the fact that the forces involve second order derivatives of the local surface curvature which by itself is the second derivative of the membrane geometry. We systematically derive and compare the different routes to obtain bending forces from the Helfrich energy, namely the variational approach and the thin-shell theory. While both routes lead to mathematically identical expressions, so-called linear bending models are shown to reproduce only the leading order term while higher orders differ. The main part of the review contains a description of various computational strategies which we classify into three categories: the force, the strong and the weak formulation. We finally give some examples for the application of these strategies in actual simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Guckenberger
- Biofluid Simulation and Modeling, Fachbereich Physik, Universität Bayreuth, Germany
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Clavería V, Aouane O, Thiébaud M, Abkarian M, Coupier G, Misbah C, John T, Wagner C. Clusters of red blood cells in microcapillary flow: hydrodynamic versus macromolecule induced interaction. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:8235-8245. [PMID: 27714335 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01165a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present experiments on RBCs that flow through micro-capillaries under physiological conditions. The strong flow-shape coupling of these deformable objects leads to a rich variety of cluster formation. We show that the RBC clusters form as a subtle imbrication between hydrodynamic interactions and adhesion forces because of plasma proteins, mimicked by the polymer dextran. Clusters form along the capillaries and macromolecule-induced adhesion contributes to their stability. However, at high yet physiological flow velocities, shear stresses overcome part of the adhesion forces, and cluster stabilization due to hydrodynamics becomes stronger. For the case of pure hydrodynamic interaction, cell-to-cell distances have a pronounced bimodal distribution. Our 2D-numerical simulations on vesicles capture the transition between adhesive and non-adhesive clusters at different flow velocities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Clavería
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany. and Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Université de Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Othmane Aouane
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany. and Université Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France and LMPHE, URAC 12, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V-Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Marine Thiébaud
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Manouk Abkarian
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Université de Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Gwennou Coupier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Chaouqi Misbah
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas John
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Christian Wagner
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Słowicka AM, Wajnryb E, Ekiel-Jeżewska ML. Dynamics of flexible fibers in shear flow. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:124904. [PMID: 26429038 DOI: 10.1063/1.4931598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamics of flexible non-Brownian fibers in shear flow at low-Reynolds-number are analyzed numerically for a wide range of the ratios A of the fiber bending force to the viscous drag force. Initially, the fibers are aligned with the flow, and later they move in the plane perpendicular to the flow vorticity. A surprisingly rich spectrum of different modes is observed when the value of A is systematically changed, with sharp transitions between coiled and straightening out modes, period-doubling bifurcations from periodic to migrating solutions, irregular dynamics, and chaos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka M Słowicka
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5b, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eligiusz Wajnryb
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5b, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria L Ekiel-Jeżewska
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5b, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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