1
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Cao J, Wang BY, Yang H, Fan ZJ, Su Z, Rui J, Zhao B, Pan JW. Observation of Photoassociation Resonances in Ultracold Atom-Molecule Collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:093403. [PMID: 38489622 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.093403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
We report on the observation of photoassociation resonances in ultracold collisions between ^{23}Na^{40}K molecules and ^{40}K atoms. We perform photoassociation in a long-wavelength optical dipole trap to form deeply bound triatomic molecules in electronically excited states. The atom-molecule Feshbach resonance is used to enhance the free-bound Franck-Condon overlap. The photoassociation into well-defined quantum states of excited triatomic molecules is identified by observing resonantly enhanced loss features. These loss features depend on the polarization of the photoassociation lasers, allowing us to assign rotational quantum numbers. The observation of ultracold atom-molecule photoassociation resonances paves the way toward preparing ground-state triatomic molecules, provides a new high-resolution spectroscopy technique for polyatomic molecules, and is also important to atom-molecule Feshbach resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Bo-Yuan Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Fan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Zhen Su
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jun Rui
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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2
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Zhang J. Highly efficient creation and detection of deeply bound molecules via invariant-based inverse engineering with feasible modified drivings. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:024104. [PMID: 38189609 DOI: 10.1063/5.0183063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) and its variants, such as M-type chainwise-STIRAP, allow for efficiently transferring the populations in a multilevel system and have widely been used to prepare molecules in their rovibrational ground state. However, their transfer efficiencies are generally imperfect. The main obstacle is the presence of losses and the requirement to make the dynamics adiabatic. To this end, in the present paper, a new theoretical method is proposed for the efficient and robust creation and detection of deeply bound molecules in three-level Λ-type and five-level M-type systems via "Invariant-based shortcut-to-adiabaticity." In the regime of large detunings, we first reduce the dynamics of three- and five-level molecular systems to those of effective two- and three-level counterparts. By doing so, the major molecular losses from the excited states can be well suppressed. Consequently, the effective two-level counterpart can be directly compatible with two different "Invariant-based Inverse Engineering" protocols; the results show that both protocols give a comparable performance and have a good experimental feasibility. For the effective three-level counterpart, by considering a relation among the four incident pulses, we show that this model can be further generalized to an effective Λ-type one with the simplest resonant coupling. This generalized model permits us to borrow the "Invariant-based Inverse Engineering" protocol from a standard three-level Λ-type system to a five-level M-type system. Numerical calculations show that the weakly bound molecules can be efficiently transferred to their deeply bound states without strong laser pulses, and the stability against parameter variations is well preserved. Finally, the detection of ultracold deeply bound molecules is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- School of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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3
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Hong QQ, Lian ZZ, Shu CC, Henriksen NE. Quantum control of field-free molecular orientation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37724061 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03115b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Generating field-free (non-stationary) orientation of molecules in space has been a longstanding goal in the field of quantum control of molecular rotation, which has significant applications in physical chemistry, chemical physics, strong-field physics, and quantum information science. In this Perspective, we review and examine several representative control schemes developed in recent years and implemented in theoretical and experimental areas for generating field-free orientation of molecules. By conducting numerical simulations of different control schemes on the same molecular system, we demonstrate that quantum coherent control, specifically targeting a limited number of the lowest-lying rotational levels to achieve an optimal superposition, can result in a high degree of orientation. To this end, we provide an overview of our latest developed analytical method, which enables the precise design of terahertz field parameters through resonant excitation. This design approach facilitates the attainment of desired field-free orientations by optimizing the amplitudes and phases of rotational wave functions for the selected rotational levels. Finally, we outlook the significance of such progress in multiple frontier research fields, highlighting its potential applications in ultracold physics, quantum computation, quantum simulation, and quantum metrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Hong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Zhen-Zhong Lian
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Chuan-Cun Shu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Niels E Henriksen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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4
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Quéméner G, Bohn JL, Croft JFE. Electroassociation of Ultracold Dipolar Molecules into Tetramer Field-Linked States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:043402. [PMID: 37566851 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.043402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The presence of electric or microwave fields can modify the long-range forces between ultracold dipolar molecules in such a way as to engineer weakly bound states of molecule pairs. These so-called field-linked states [A. V. Avdeenkov and J. L. Bohn, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 043006 (2003).PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.90.043006; L. Lassablière and G. Quéméner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 163402 (2018).PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.121.163402], in which the separation between the two bound molecules can be orders of magnitude larger than the molecules themselves, have been observed as resonances in scattering experiments [X.-Y. Chen et al., Nature (London) 614, 59 (2023).NATUAS0028-083610.1038/s41586-022-05651-8]. Here, we propose to use them as tools for the assembly of weakly bound tetramer molecules, by means of ramping an electric field, the electric-field analog of magnetoassociation in atoms. This ability would present new possibilities for constructing ultracold polyatomic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goulven Quéméner
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - John L Bohn
- JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - James F E Croft
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand and Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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5
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Dyall KG, Tecmer P, Sunaga A. Diffuse Basis Functions for Relativistic s and d Block Gaussian Basis Sets. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:198-210. [PMID: 36516433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse s, p, and d functions have been optimized for use with previously reported relativistic basis sets for the s and d blocks of the periodic table. The functions were optimized on the 4:1 weighted average of the s2 and p2 configurations of the anion, with the d shell in the dn+1 configuration for the d blocks. Exponents were extrapolated for groups 2 and 12, which have unstable or weakly bound anions. The diffuse basis sets have been tested by application to calculations of electron affinities of the group 11 elements (Cu, Ag, and Au), double electron affinities of the group 11 monocations, and potential energy curves of Mg2 and Ca2 van der Waals dimers, as well as some response properties of the group 1 anions (Rb-, Cs-, and Fr-), the group 2 elements (Sr, Ba, and Ra), and RbLi, CsLi, and FrLi molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth G Dyall
- Dirac Solutions, 10527 NW Lost Park Drive, Portland, Oregon97229, United States
| | - Paweł Tecmer
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100Torun, Poland
| | - Ayaki Sunaga
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Osaka590-0494, Japan.,Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8502, Japan
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6
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Moussa A, El-Kork N, Zeid I, Salem E, Korek M. Laser Cooling with an Intermediate State and Electronic Structure Studies of the Molecules CaCs and CaNa. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:18577-18596. [PMID: 35694530 PMCID: PMC9178733 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The ground and excited electronic states of the diatomic molecules CaCs and CaNa have been investigated by implementing the ab initio CASSCF/(MRCI + Q) calculation. The potential energy curves of the doublet and quartet electronic low energy states in the representation 2s+1Λ(±) have been determined for the two considered molecules, in addition to the spectroscopic constants T e, ωe, B e, R e, and the values of the dipole moment μe and the dissociation energy D e. The determination of vibrational constants E v, B v, D v, and the turning points R min and R max up to the vibrational level v = 100 was possible with the use of the canonical functions schemes. Additionally, the transition and the static dipole moments curves, Einstein coefficients, the spontaneous radiative lifetime, the emission oscillator strength, and the Franck-Condon factors are computed. These calculations showed that the molecule CaCs is a good candidate for Doppler laser cooling with an intermediate state. A "four laser" cooling scheme is presented, along with the values of Doppler limit temperature T D = 55.9 μK and the recoil temperature T r = 132 nK. These results should provide a good reference for experimental spectroscopic and ultra-cold molecular physics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Moussa
- Faculty
of Science, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2809, Lebanon
| | - Nayla El-Kork
- Department
of Physics, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 51133, United Arab Emirates
- Space
and Planetary Science Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 51133, United Arab Emirates
| | - Israa Zeid
- Faculty
of Science, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2809, Lebanon
| | - Ehab Salem
- Faculty
of Science, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2809, Lebanon
| | - Mahmoud Korek
- Faculty
of Science, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2809, Lebanon
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7
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Zhao B, Pan JW. Quantum control of reactions and collisions at ultralow temperatures. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1685-1701. [PMID: 35169822 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01040a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
At temperatures close to absolute zero, the molecular reactions and collisions are dominantly governed by quantum mechanics. Remarkable quantum phenomena such as quantum tunneling, quantum threshold behavior, quantum resonances, quantum interference, and quantum statistics are expected to be the main features in ultracold reactions and collisions. Ultracold molecules offer great opportunities and challenges in the study of these intriguing quantum phenomena in molecular processes. In this article, we review the recent progress in the preparation of ultracold molecules and the study of ultracold reactions and collisions using ultracold molecules. We focus on the controlled ultracold chemistry and the scattering resonances at ultralow temperatures. The challenges in understanding the complex ultracold reactions and collisions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China. .,Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China.,Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China. .,Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China.,Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
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8
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Hu MG, Liu Y, Nichols MA, Zhu L, Quéméner G, Dulieu O, Ni KK. Nuclear spin conservation enables state-to-state control of ultracold molecular reactions. Nat Chem 2021; 13:435-440. [PMID: 33380743 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-00610-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Quantum-state control of reactive systems has enabled microscopic probes of underlying interaction potentials and the alteration of reaction rates using quantum statistics. However, extending such control to the quantum states of reaction outcomes remains challenging. Here, we realize this goal by utilizing the conservation of nuclear spins throughout the reaction. Using resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy to investigate the products formed in bimolecular reactions between ultracold KRb molecules we find that the system retains a near-perfect memory of the reactants' nuclear spins, manifested as a strong parity preference for the rotational states of the products. We leverage this effect to alter the occupation of these product states by changing the coherent superposition of initial nuclear spin states with an external magnetic field. In this way, we are able to control both the inputs and outputs of a reaction with quantum-state resolution. The techniques demonstrated here open up the possibilities to study quantum entanglement between reaction products and ultracold reaction dynamics at the state-to-state level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Guang Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew A Nichols
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lingbang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Goulven Quéméner
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, Orsay, France
| | - Olivier Dulieu
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, Orsay, France
| | - Kang-Kuen Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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9
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Ji Z, Gong T, He Y, Hutson JM, Zhao Y, Xiao L, Jia S. Microwave coherent control of ultracold ground-state molecules formed by short-range photoassociation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:13002-13007. [PMID: 32478355 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01191f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the observation of microwave coherent control of rotational states of ultracold 85Rb133Cs molecules formed in their vibronic ground state by short-range photoassociation. Molecules are formed in the single rotational state X(v = 0, J = 1) by exciting pairs of atoms to the short-range state (2)3Π0-(v = 11, J = 0), followed by spontaneous decay. We use depletion spectroscopy to record the dynamic evolution of the population distribution and observe clear Rabi oscillations while irradiating on a microwave transition between coupled neighbouring rotational levels. A density-matrix formalism that accounts for longitudinal and transverse decay times reproduces both the dynamic evolution during the coherent process and the equilibrium population. The coherent control reported here is valuable both for investigating coherent quantum effects and for applications of cold polar molecules produced by continuous short-range photoassociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Ji
- Shanxi University, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Wucheng Rd. 92, 030006 Taiyuan, China.
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10
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Kozlov SV, Bormotova EA, Medvedev AA, Pazyuk EA, Stolyarov AV, Zaitsevskii A. A first principles study of the spin–orbit coupling effect in LiM (M = Na, K, Rb, Cs) molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:2295-2306. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06421d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Both fully relativistic and scalar-state based perturbation models provided the spin–orbit functions of the LiM (M = Na, K, Rb, Cs) molecules at almost experimental level of confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. V. Kozlov
- Department of Chemistry
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - E. A. Bormotova
- Department of Chemistry
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - A. A. Medvedev
- Department of Chemistry
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - E. A. Pazyuk
- Department of Chemistry
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - A. V. Stolyarov
- Department of Chemistry
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - A. Zaitsevskii
- Department of Chemistry
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”
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11
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Liu Y, Grimes DD, Hu MG, Ni KK. Probing ultracold chemistry using ion spectrometry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:4861-4874. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp07015j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactions between KRb molecules at sub-microkelvin temperatures were probed using ion spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Physics
- Harvard University
- Cambridge
- USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
| | - David D. Grimes
- Department of Physics
- Harvard University
- Cambridge
- USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
| | - Ming-Guang Hu
- Department of Physics
- Harvard University
- Cambridge
- USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
| | - Kang-Kuen Ni
- Department of Physics
- Harvard University
- Cambridge
- USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
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12
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Liu Y, Gong T, Ji Z, Wang G, Zhao Y, Xiao L, Jia S. Production of ultracold 85Rb 133Cs molecules in the lowest ground state via the B 1Π 1 short-range state. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:084303. [PMID: 31470716 DOI: 10.1063/1.5108637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the production of cold 85Rb133Cs molecules in the lowest vibronic level of the ground electronic state via the B1Π1 short-range state. The photoassociation (PA) spectra of the B1Π1 state, including newly observed transition to 2 vibronic levels, are obtained by high sensitivity time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Based on these PA spectra, the harmonic and anharmonic constants of vibronic states are obtained, resulting in predicted vibronic energies with an uncertainty of 1-2 cm-1. The B1Π1 (v = 3) state is found to have the maximum production rate for ground-state molecules with a value of 3(1) × 104 s-1, which is 3 times larger than the value via the previously studied 23Π0+ (v = 10, J = 0) state with two-photon cascade decay. The populations of J = 0, 1, and 2 rotational levels of X1Σ+ (v = 0) state molecules formed via the B1Π1 (v = 3, J = 1) state are measured to be around 20%, 40%, and 20%. To quantify the coupling strength between the B1Π1 (v = 3) state and X1Σ+ (v = 0) state, the transition dipole moment between them is measured to be 7.2(2) × 10-3ea0, which is also 3 times larger than the value between the 23Π0+ (v=10) state and X1Σ+ (v = 0) state, meaning the B1Π1 (v = 3) state has a stronger coupling with the X1Σ+ (v = 0) state. Our detailed measurements provide relevant parameters for investigation on direct stimulated Raman adiabatic passage transfer between the atomic scattering state and molecular bound state for 85Rb133Cs molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ting Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhonghua Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Gaoren Wang
- College of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yanting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Liantuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Suotang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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13
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Measurement of the variation of electron-to-proton mass ratio using ultracold molecules produced from laser-cooled atoms. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3771. [PMID: 31434889 PMCID: PMC6704166 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental techniques to manipulate cold molecules have seen great development in recent years. The precision measurements of cold molecules are expected to give insights into fundamental physics. Here we use a rovibrationally pure sample of ultracold KRb molecules to improve the measurement on the stability of electron-to-proton mass ratio \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\left( {\mu = \frac{{m_{\mathrm{e}}}}{{M_{\mathrm{p}}}}} \right)$$\end{document}μ=meMp. The measurement is based upon a large sensitivity coefficient of the molecular spectroscopy, which utilizes a transition between a nearly degenerate pair of vibrational levels each associated with a different electronic potential. Observed limit on temporal variation of μ is \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\frac{1}{\mu }\frac{{d\mu }}{{dt}} = (0.30 \pm 1.0) \times 10^{ - 14} \, {\mathrm{year}}^{ - 1}$$\end{document}1μdμdt=(0.30±1.0)×10-14year-1, which is better by a factor of five compared with the most stringent laboratory molecular limits to date. Further improvements should be straightforward, because our measurement was only limited by statistical errors. Ultracold molecules are suitable platforms for precision measurements due to their internal degrees of freedom. Here the authors derive a limit on the variation of the electron-to-proton mass ratio by using the spectroscopy of ultracold KRb molecules.
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14
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Fazzini S, Barbiero L, Montorsi A. Interaction-Induced Fractionalization and Topological Superconductivity in the Polar Molecules Anisotropic t-J Model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:106402. [PMID: 30932660 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.106402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We show that the interplay between antiferromagnetic interaction and hole motion gives rise to a topological superconducting phase. This is captured by the one dimensional anisotropic t-J model which can be experimentally achieved with ultracold polar molecules trapped onto an optical lattice. As a function of the anisotropy strength we find that different quantum phases appear, ranging from a gapless Luttinger liquid to spin gapped conducting and superconducting regimes. In the presence of appropriate z anisotropy, we also prove that a phase characterized by nontrivial topological order takes place. The latter is described uniquely by a finite nonlocal string parameter and presents robust edge spin fractionalization. These results allow us to explore quantum phases of matter where topological superconductivity is induced by the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Fazzini
- Institute for condensed matter physics and complex systems, DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Luca Barbiero
- Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 231, Campus Plaine, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arianna Montorsi
- Institute for condensed matter physics and complex systems, DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy
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15
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Guerrero RD, Castellanos MA, Arango CA. Heuristic optimization of analytic laser pulses for vibrational stabilization of ultracold KRb. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:244110. [PMID: 30599711 DOI: 10.1063/1.5052019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We proposed a methodology that allows to maximize the population transfer from a high vibrational state of the a 3Σ+ triplet state to the vibrational ground state of the X 1Σ+ singlet state though the optimization of one pump and one dump laser pulses. The pump pulse is optimized using a fitness function, heuristically improved, that includes the effect of the spin-orbit coupling of the KRb [b-A]-scheme. The dump pulse is optimized to maximize the population transfer to the ground state. We performed a comparison with the case in which the pump and dump pulses are optimized to maximize the population transfer to the ground state employing a genetic algorithm with a single fitness function. The heuristic approach turned out to be 70% more efficient than a quantum optimal control optimization employing a single fitness function. The method proposed provides simple pulses that have an experimental realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén D Guerrero
- PULSE Institute and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | - Carlos A Arango
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
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16
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Lassablière L, Quéméner G. Controlling the Scattering Length of Ultracold Dipolar Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:163402. [PMID: 30387665 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.163402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
By applying a circularly polarized and slightly blue-detuned microwave field with respect to the first excited rotational state of a dipolar molecule, one can engineer a long-range, shallow potential well in the entrance channel of the two colliding partners. As the applied microwave ac field is increased, the long-range well becomes deeper and can support a certain number of bound states, which in turn bring the value of the molecule-molecule scattering length from a large negative value to a large positive one. We adopt an adimensional approach where the molecules are described by a rescaled rotational constant B[over ˜]=B/s_{E_{3}} where s_{E_{3}} is a characteristic dipolar energy. We found that molecules with B[over ˜]>10^{8} are immune to any quenching losses when a sufficient ac field is applied, the ratio elastic to quenching processes can reach values above 10^{3}, and that the value and sign of the scattering length can be tuned. The ability to control the molecular scattering length opens the door for a rich, strongly correlated, many-body physics for ultracold molecules, similar to that for ultracold atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Lassablière
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Goulven Quéméner
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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17
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McCarron DJ, Steinecker MH, Zhu Y, DeMille D. Magnetic Trapping of an Ultracold Gas of Polar Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:013202. [PMID: 30028161 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.013202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the efficient transfer of molecules from a magneto-optical trap into a conservative magnetic quadrupole trap. Our scheme begins with a blue-detuned optical molasses to cool SrF molecules to ≈50 μK. Next, we optically pump the molecules into a strongly trapped sublevel. This two-step process reliably transfers ≈40% of the molecules initially trapped in the magneto-optical trap into a single quantum state in the magnetic trap. Once loaded, the molecule cloud is compressed by increasing the magnetic field gradient. We observe a magnetic trap lifetime of over 1 s. This opens a promising new path to study ultracold molecular collisions, and potentially to produce quantum-degenerate molecular gases via sympathetic cooling with co-trapped atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J McCarron
- Department of Physics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - M H Steinecker
- Department of Physics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Y Zhu
- Department of Physics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - D DeMille
- Department of Physics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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18
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Wu J, Liu W, Wang X, Ma J, Li D, Sovkov VB, Xiao L, Jia S. Observation of photoassociation of ultracold sodium and cesium at the asymptote Na (3S 1/2) + Cs (6P 1/2). J Chem Phys 2018; 148:174304. [PMID: 29739213 DOI: 10.1063/1.5023330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the production of ultracold heteronuclear NaCs* molecules in a dual-species magneto-optical trap through photoassociation. The electronically excited molecules are formed below the Na (3S1/2) + Cs (6P1/2) dissociation limit. 12 resonance lines are detected using trap-loss spectroscopy based on a highly sensitive modulation technique. The highest observed rovibrational level exhibits clear hyperfine structure, which is detected for the first time. This structure is simulated within a simplified model consisting of 4 coupled levels belonging to the initially unperturbed Hund's case "a" electronic states, which have been explored in our previous work that dealt with the Na (3S1/2) + Cs (6P3/2) asymptote [W. Liu et al., Phys. Rev. A 94, 032518 (2016)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wenliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Dan Li
- Center for Photonics and Electronics, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Vladimir B Sovkov
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Liantuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Suotang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Li Z, Gong T, Ji Z, Zhao Y, Xiao L, Jia S. A dynamical process of optically trapped singlet ground state 85Rb 133Cs molecules produced via short-range photoassociation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:4893-4900. [PMID: 29384158 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07756d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the dynamical process of optically trapped X1Σ+ (v'' = 0) state 85Rb133Cs molecules distributed in J'' = 1 and J'' = 3 rotational states. The considered molecules, formed from short-range photoassociation of mixed cold atoms, are subsequently confined in a crossed optical dipole trap. Based on a phenomenological rate equation, we provide a detailed study of the dynamics of 85Rb133Cs molecules during the loading and holding processes. The inelastic collisions of 85Rb133Cs molecules in the X1Σ+ (v'' = 0, J'' = 1 and J'' = 3) states with ultracold 85Rb (or 133Cs) atoms are measured to be 1.0 (2) × 10-10 cm3 s-1 (1.2 (3) × 10-10 cm3 s-1). Our work provides a simple and generic procedure for studying the dynamical process of trapped cold molecules in the singlet ground states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghao Li
- Shanxi University, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Wucheng Rd. 92, 030006 Taiyuan, China.
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20
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Rvachov TM, Son H, Park JJ, Notz PM, Wang TT, Zwierlein MW, Ketterle W, Jamison AO. Photoassociation of ultracold NaLi. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:4746-4751. [PMID: 29380828 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08480c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We perform photoassociation spectroscopy in an ultracold 23Na-6Li mixture to study the c3Σ+ excited triplet molecular potential. We observe 50 vibrational states and their substructure to an accuracy of 20 MHz, and provide line strength data from photoassociation loss measurements. An analysis of the vibrational line positions using near-dissociation expansions and a full potential fit is presented. This is the first observation of the c3Σ+ potential, as well as photoassociation in the NaLi system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur M Rvachov
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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21
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Bormotova EA, Kozlov SV, Pazyuk EA, Stolyarov AV. Long-range behavior of the transition dipole moments of heteronuclear dimers XY (X, Y = Li, Na, K, Rb) based on ab initio calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:1889-1896. [PMID: 29296990 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05548j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ab initio electronic transition dipole moments (ETDMs) of heteronuclear dimers XY (X, Y = Li, Na, K, Rb) were calculated between the ground and excited states converging to the lowest three dissociation limits. The spin-allowed ETDMs were evaluated in a wide range of interatomic distances, R, by means of the quasi-relativistic electronic wave functions obtained by the multi-reference configuration interaction method. The inner-shell electrons (2 electrons for Li and Na atoms, and 10 and 28 for K and Rb, respectively) were described using the non-empirical shape-consistent effective core potentials. The l-independent core polarization potentials of each atom were used to take core-polarization and core-valence correlation effects into account. The long-range behavior of both singlet-singlet X1Σ+-(2,3)1Σ+;(1,2)1Π and triplet-triplet a3Σ+-(2,3)3Σ+;(1,2)3Π transition moments is perfectly fitted at large R-distance by the asymptotic formula of X. Chu and A. Dalgarno, Phys. Rev. A: At., Mol., Opt. Phys., 2002, 66, 024701: , where the coefficient β is equal to 2 and -1 for the Σ-Σ and Σ-Π transitions, respectively. The n2S-n2P transition moments, dA, and dynamic polarizabilites, αB, of the alkali atoms in the n2S state extracted from the present molecular calculations coincide with their empirical and ab initio counterparts to within a few percent.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Bormotova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
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22
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Souissi H, Mejrissi L, Habli H, Al-Ghamdi AA, Oujia B, Xavier Gadéa F. Spectroscopic ab initio investigation of the electronic properties of (SrK) +. Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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23
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Faust C, Jones J, Huennekens J, Field RW. Experimental studies of the NaCs 12(0 +) [7 1Σ +] state: Spin-orbit and non-adiabatic interactions and quantum interference in the 12(0 +) [7 1Σ +] and 11(0 +) [5 3Π 0] emission spectra. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:104302. [PMID: 28298109 DOI: 10.1063/1.4976630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We present results from experimental studies of the 11(0+) and 12(0+) electronic states of the NaCs molecule. An optical-optical double resonance method is used to obtain Doppler-free excitation spectra. Selected data from the 11(0+) and 12(0+) high-lying electronic states are used to obtain Rydberg-Klein-Rees and Inverse Perturbation Approach potential energy curves. Interactions between these two electronic states are evident in the patterns observed in the bound-bound and bound-free fluorescence spectra. A model, based on two separate interaction mechanisms, is presented to describe how the wavefunctions of the two states mix. The electronic parts of the wavefunctions interact via spin-orbit coupling, while the individual rotation-vibration levels interact via a second mechanism, which is likely to be non-adiabatic coupling. A modified version of the BCONT program was used to simulate resolved fluorescence from both upper states. Parameters of the model that describe the two interaction mechanisms were varied until simulations were able to adequately reproduce experimental spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Faust
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, 16 Memorial Drive East, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - J Jones
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, 16 Memorial Drive East, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - J Huennekens
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, 16 Memorial Drive East, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USADepartment of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R W Field
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, 16 Memorial Drive East, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USADepartment of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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24
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Steinecker MH, McCarron DJ, Zhu Y, DeMille D. Improved Radio-Frequency Magneto-Optical Trap of SrF Molecules. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3664-3669. [PMID: 27860100 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report the production of ultracold, trapped strontium monofluoride (SrF) molecules with number density and phase-space density significantly higher than previously achieved. These improvements are enabled by three distinct changes to our recently-demonstrated scheme for radio-frequency magneto-optical trapping of SrF: modification of the slowing laser beam geometry, addition of an optical pumping laser, and incorporation of a compression stage to the magneto-optical trap. With these improvements, we observe a trapped sample of SrF molecules at density 2.5×105 cm-3 and phase-space density 6×10-14 , each a factor of 4 greater than in previous work. Under different experimental conditions, we observe trapping of up to 104 molecules, a factor of 5 greater than in previous work. Finally, by reducing the intensity of the applied trapping light, we observe molecular temperatures as low as 250 μK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Steinecker
- Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Daniel J McCarron
- Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Yuqi Zhu
- Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - David DeMille
- Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
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25
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Niu YY, Wang R, Qiu MH, Xiu JL. Coherent phase control of population transfer through ladder system in two laser pulses with ω and nω. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s021963361650053x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The ladder transitions controlled by two harmonic pulses are investigated theoretically using a time-dependent quantum wave packet method for the ground electronic state of HF molecule. By choosing [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] schemes, the population can be transferred to target states [Formula: see text]. The population distribution can be controlled by the average amplitude of total electric field which depends on the relative phase of two pulses. With the variation of the relative phase between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] pulses, the variation of population has a period of [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] schemes, the population distributions show oscillation behavior with a period of [Formula: see text] by varying the relative phase. The two harmonic pulses can realize a nearly complete population transfer to the target state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yu Niu
- School of Science, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, P. R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Science, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Hui Qiu
- School of Science, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Ling Xiu
- School of Science, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, P. R. China
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26
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Norrgard EB, McCarron DJ, Steinecker MH, Tarbutt MR, DeMille D. Submillikelvin Dipolar Molecules in a Radio-Frequency Magneto-Optical Trap. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:063004. [PMID: 26918987 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.063004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a scheme for magneto-optically trapping strontium monofluoride (SrF) molecules at temperatures one order of magnitude lower and phase space densities 3 orders of magnitude higher than obtained previously with laser-cooled molecules. In our trap, optical dark states are destabilized by rapidly and synchronously reversing the trapping laser polarizations and the applied magnetic field gradient. The number of molecules and trap lifetime are also significantly improved from previous work by loading the trap with high laser power and then reducing the power for long-term trapping. With this procedure, temperatures as low as 400 μK are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Norrgard
- Department of Physics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - D J McCarron
- Department of Physics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - M H Steinecker
- Department of Physics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - M R Tarbutt
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - D DeMille
- Department of Physics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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27
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Pazyuk EA, Zaitsevskii AV, Stolyarov AV, Tamanis M, Ferber R. Laser synthesis of ultracold alkali metal dimers: optimization and control. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Vexiau R, Lepers M, Aymar M, Bouloufa-Maafa N, Dulieu O. Long-range interactions between polar bialkali ground-state molecules in arbitrary vibrational levels. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:214303. [PMID: 26049492 DOI: 10.1063/1.4921622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have calculated the isotropic C6 coefficients characterizing the long-range van der Waals interaction between two identical heteronuclear alkali-metal diatomic molecules in the same arbitrary vibrational level of their ground electronic state X(1)Σ(+). We consider the ten species made up of (7)Li, (23)Na, (39)K, (87)Rb, and (133)Cs. Following our previous work [Lepers et al., Phys. Rev. A 88, 032709 (2013)], we use the sum-over-state formula inherent to the second-order perturbation theory, composed of the contributions from the transitions within the ground state levels, from the transition between ground-state and excited state levels, and from a crossed term. These calculations involve a combination of experimental and quantum-chemical data for potential energy curves and transition dipole moments. We also investigate the case where the two molecules are in different vibrational levels and we show that the Moelwyn-Hughes approximation is valid provided that it is applied for each of the three contributions to the sum-over-state formula. Our results are particularly relevant in the context of inelastic and reactive collisions between ultracold bialkali molecules in deeply bound or in Feshbach levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vexiau
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud/ENS-Cachan, Bât. 505, Campus d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Lepers
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud/ENS-Cachan, Bât. 505, Campus d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Aymar
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud/ENS-Cachan, Bât. 505, Campus d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - N Bouloufa-Maafa
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud/ENS-Cachan, Bât. 505, Campus d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - O Dulieu
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud/ENS-Cachan, Bât. 505, Campus d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
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29
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Bergmann K, Vitanov NV, Shore BW. Perspective: Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage: The status after 25 years. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:170901. [PMID: 25956078 DOI: 10.1063/1.4916903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The first presentation of the STIRAP (stimulated Raman adiabatic passage) technique with proper theoretical foundation and convincing experimental data appeared 25 years ago, in the May 1st, 1990 issue of The Journal of Chemical Physics. By now, the STIRAP concept has been successfully applied in many different fields of physics, chemistry, and beyond. In this article, we comment briefly on the initial motivation of the work, namely, the study of reaction dynamics of vibrationally excited small molecules, and how this initial idea led to the documented success. We proceed by providing a brief discussion of the physics of STIRAP and how the method was developed over the years, before discussing a few examples from the amazingly wide range of applications which STIRAP now enjoys, with the aim to stimulate further use of the concept. Finally, we mention some promising future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaas Bergmann
- Fachbereich Physik und Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Nikolay V Vitanov
- Department of Physics, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, James Bourchier 5 Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Bruce W Shore
- 618 Escondido Circle, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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30
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Park JW, Will SA, Zwierlein MW. Ultracold Dipolar Gas of Fermionic 23Na40 K Molecules in Their Absolute Ground State. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:205302. [PMID: 26047239 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.205302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the creation of an ultracold dipolar gas of fermionic 23Na40 K molecules in their absolute rovibrational and hyperfine ground state. Starting from weakly bound Feshbach molecules, we demonstrate hyperfine resolved two-photon transfer into the singlet X 1Σ+|v=0,J=0⟩ ground state, coherently bridging a binding energy difference of 0.65 eV via stimulated rapid adiabatic passage. The spin-polarized, nearly quantum degenerate molecular gas displays a lifetime longer than 2.5 s, highlighting NaK's stability against two-body chemical reactions. A homogeneous electric field is applied to induce a dipole moment of up to 0.8 D. With these advances, the exploration of many-body physics with strongly dipolar Fermi gases of 23Na40K molecules is within experimental reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Woo Park
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Sebastian A Will
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Martin W Zwierlein
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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31
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Cheng C, Mao BB, Chen FZ, Luo HG. Phase diagram of the one-dimensional t-J model with long-range dipolar interactions. EPL (EUROPHYSICS LETTERS) 2015; 110:37002. [DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/110/37002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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32
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Altaf A, Dutta S, Lorenz J, Pérez-Ríos J, Chen YP, Elliott DS. Formation of ultracold 7Li85Rb molecules in the lowest triplet electronic state by photoassociation and their detection by ionization spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:114310. [PMID: 25796252 DOI: 10.1063/1.4914917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Altaf
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Sourav Dutta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - John Lorenz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Jesús Pérez-Ríos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Yong P. Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - D. S. Elliott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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33
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Yao NY, Laumann CR, Gopalakrishnan S, Knap M, Müller M, Demler EA, Lukin MD. Many-body localization in dipolar systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:243002. [PMID: 25541771 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.243002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Systems of strongly interacting dipoles offer an attractive platform to study many-body localized phases, owing to their long coherence times and strong interactions. We explore conditions under which such localized phases persist in the presence of power-law interactions and supplement our analytic treatment with numerical evidence of localized states in one dimension. We propose and analyze several experimental systems that can be used to observe and probe such states, including ultracold polar molecules and solid-state magnetic spin impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Yao
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - C R Laumann
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA and ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - S Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M Knap
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M Müller
- The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - E A Demler
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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34
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Gopakumar G, Abe M, Hada M, Kajita M. Dipole polarizability of alkali-metal (Na, K, Rb)-alkaline-earth-metal (Ca, Sr) polar molecules: prospects for alignment. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:224303. [PMID: 24929384 DOI: 10.1063/1.4881396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic open-shell ground-state properties of selected alkali-metal-alkaline-earth-metal polar molecules are investigated. We determine potential energy curves of the (2)Σ(+) ground state at the coupled-cluster singles and doubles with partial triples (CCSD(T)) level of electron correlation. Calculated spectroscopic constants for the isotopes ((23)Na, (39)K, (85)Rb)-((40)Ca, (88)Sr) are compared with available theoretical and experimental results. The variation of the permanent dipole moment (PDM), average dipole polarizability, and polarizability anisotropy with internuclear distance is determined using finite-field perturbation theory at the CCSD(T) level. Owing to moderate PDM (KCa: 1.67 D, RbCa: 1.75 D, KSr: 1.27 D, RbSr: 1.41 D) and large polarizability anisotropy (KCa: 566 a.u., RbCa: 604 a.u., KSr: 574 a.u., RbSr: 615 a.u.), KCa, RbCa, KSr, and RbSr are potential candidates for alignment and orientation in combined intense laser and external static electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Gopakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Minori Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kajita
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
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35
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Wilson RM, Peden BM, Clark CW, Rittenhouse ST. Spin waves and dielectric softening of polar molecule condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:135301. [PMID: 24745433 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.135301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We consider an oblate Bose-Einstein condensate of heteronuclear polar molecules in a weak applied electric field. This system supports a rich quasiparticle spectrum that plays a critical role in determining its bulk dielectric properties. In particular, in sufficiently weak fields the system undergoes a polarization wave rotonization, leading to the development of textured electronic structure and a dielectric instability that is characteristic of the onset of a negative static dielectric function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Wilson
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Brandon M Peden
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, USA
| | - Charles W Clark
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Seth T Rittenhouse
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, USA and ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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36
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González-Martínez ML, Hutson JM. Ultracold hydrogen atoms: a versatile coolant to produce ultracold molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:203004. [PMID: 24289682 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.203004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We show theoretically that ultracold hydrogen atoms have very favorable properties for sympathetic cooling of molecules to microkelvin temperatures. We calculate the potential energy surfaces for spin-polarized interactions of H atoms with the prototype molecules NH(3Σ-) and OH(2Π) and show that they are shallow (50 to 80 cm(-1)) and only weakly anisotropic. We carry out quantum collision calculations on H+NH and H+OH and show that the ratio of elastic to inelastic cross sections is high enough to allow sympathetic cooling from temperatures well over 1 K for NH and around 250 mK for OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maykel L González-Martínez
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham/Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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37
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Banerjee J, Rahmlow D, Carollo R, Bellos M, Eyler EE, Gould PL, Stwalley WC. Spectroscopy and applications of the 3 3Σ+ electronic state of 39K85Rb. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:174316. [PMID: 24206307 DOI: 10.1063/1.4826653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We report new results on the spectroscopy of the 3 (3)Σ(+) electronic state of (39)K(85)Rb. The observations are based on resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization of ultracold KRb molecules starting in vibrational levels v'' = 18-23 of the a (3)Σ(+) state and ionized via the intermediate 3 (3)Σ(+) state. The a-state ultracold molecules are formed by photoassociation of ultracold (39)K and (85)Rb atoms to the 3(0(+)) state of KRb followed by spontaneous emission. We discuss the potential applications of this state to future experiments, as a pathway for populating the lowest vibrational levels of the a state as well as the X state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayita Banerjee
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3046, USA
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38
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Manai I, Horchani R, Hamamda M, Fioretti A, Allegrini M, Lignier H, Pillet P, Comparat D. Laser cooling of rotation and vibration by optical pumping. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.813980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Manai
- a Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS , Université Paris-Sud 11 , ENS Cachan, Bât 505, Campus d’Orsay , 91405 , Orsay , France
| | - R. Horchani
- a Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS , Université Paris-Sud 11 , ENS Cachan, Bât 505, Campus d’Orsay , 91405 , Orsay , France
| | - M. Hamamda
- a Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS , Université Paris-Sud 11 , ENS Cachan, Bât 505, Campus d’Orsay , 91405 , Orsay , France
| | - A. Fioretti
- b Istituto Nazionale di Ottica , INO-CNR, U. O. S. Pisa “Adriano Gozzini” Via Moruzzi 1 , Pisa , 56124 , Italy
| | - M. Allegrini
- c Dipartimento di Fisica , Università di Pisa and INO-CNR Sezione di Pisa , Largo Pontecorvo 3, Pisa , 56127 , Italy
| | - H. Lignier
- a Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS , Université Paris-Sud 11 , ENS Cachan, Bât 505, Campus d’Orsay , 91405 , Orsay , France
| | - P. Pillet
- a Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS , Université Paris-Sud 11 , ENS Cachan, Bât 505, Campus d’Orsay , 91405 , Orsay , France
| | - D. Comparat
- a Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS , Université Paris-Sud 11 , ENS Cachan, Bât 505, Campus d’Orsay , 91405 , Orsay , France
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39
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Gorshkov AV, Hazzard KR, Rey AM. Kitaev honeycomb and other exotic spin models with polar molecules. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.800604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Gorshkov
- a Institute for Quantum Information and Matter , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , CA , 91125 , USA
- b Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA , 93106 , USA
| | - Kaden R.A. Hazzard
- b Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA , 93106 , USA
- c JILA, NIST and Department of Physics , University of Colorado , Boulder , CO , 80309 , USA
| | - Ana Maria Rey
- b Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA , 93106 , USA
- c JILA, NIST and Department of Physics , University of Colorado , Boulder , CO , 80309 , USA
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40
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Yao NY, Gorshkov AV, Laumann CR, Läuchli AM, Ye J, Lukin MD. Realizing fractional Chern insulators in dipolar spin systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:185302. [PMID: 23683213 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.185302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Strongly correlated quantum systems can exhibit exotic behavior controlled by topology. We predict that the ν = 1/2 fractional Chern insulator arises naturally in a two-dimensional array of driven, dipolar-interacting spins. As a specific implementation, we analyze how to prepare and detect synthetic gauge potentials for the rotational excitations of ultracold polar molecules trapped in a deep optical lattice. With the motion of the molecules pinned, under certain conditions, these rotational excitations form a fractional Chern insulating state. We present a detailed experimental blueprint for its realization and demonstrate that the implementation is consistent with near-term capabilities. Prospects for the realization of such phases in solid-state dipolar systems are discussed as are their possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Yao
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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41
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Banerjee J, Rahmlow D, Carollo R, Bellos M, Eyler EE, Gould PL, Stwalley WC. Spectroscopy of the double minimum 3 (3)ΠΩ electronic state of 39K85Rb. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:164302. [PMID: 23635133 DOI: 10.1063/1.4801441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the observation and analysis of the 3 (3)ΠΩ double-minimum electronic excited state of (39)K(85)Rb. The spin-orbit components (0(+), 0(-), 1, and 2) of this state are investigated based on potentials developed from the available ab initio potential curves. We have assigned the vibrational levels v' = 2-11 of the 3 (3)Π1,2 potentials and v' = 2-12 of the 3(3)Π0(+/-) potential. We compare our experimental observations of the 3 (3)ΠΩ state with predictions based on theoretical potentials. The observations are based on resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization of ultracold KRb in vibrational levels v" = 14-25 of the a (3)Σ(+) state. These a-state ultracold molecules are formed by photoassociation of ultracold (39)K and (85)Rb atoms to the 5(1) state of KRb followed by spontaneous emission to the a state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayita Banerjee
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3046, USA.
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42
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Yao NY, Laumann CR, Gorshkov AV, Bennett SD, Demler E, Zoller P, Lukin MD. Topological flat bands from dipolar spin systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:266804. [PMID: 23368600 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.266804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We propose and analyze a physical system that naturally admits two-dimensional topological nearly flat bands. Our approach utilizes an array of three-level dipoles (effective S=1 spins) driven by inhomogeneous electromagnetic fields. The dipolar interactions produce arbitrary uniform background gauge fields for an effective collection of conserved hard-core bosons, namely, the dressed spin flips. These gauge fields result in topological band structures, whose band gap can be larger than the corresponding bandwidth. Exact diagonalization of the full interacting Hamiltonian at half-filling reveals the existence of superfluid, crystalline, and supersolid phases. An experimental realization using either ultracold polar molecules or spins in the solid state is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Yao
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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43
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Manai I, Horchani R, Lignier H, Pillet P, Comparat D, Fioretti A, Allegrini M. Rovibrational cooling of molecules by optical pumping. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:183001. [PMID: 23215275 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.183001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate rotational and vibrational cooling of cesium dimers by optical pumping techniques. We use two laser sources exciting all the populated rovibrational states, except a target state that thus behaves like a dark state where molecules pile up thanks to absorption-spontaneous emission cycles. We are able to accumulate photoassociated cold Cs(2) molecules in their absolute ground state (v = 0, J = 0) with up to 40% efficiency. Given its simplicity, the method could be extended to other molecules and molecular beams. It also opens up general perspectives in laser cooling the external degrees of freedom of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Manai
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, 11, 91405 Orsay, France
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44
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Delgado RL, Bargueño P, Sols F. Two-step condensation of the charged Bose gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 86:031102. [PMID: 23030861 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.031102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The condensation of the spinless ideal charged Bose gas in the presence of a magnetic field is revisited. The conventional approach is extended to include the macroscopic occupation of excited kinetic states lying in the lowest Landau level, which plays an essential role in the case of large magnetic fields. In that limit, signatures of two diffuse phase transitions (crossovers) appear in the specific heat. In particular, at temperatures lower than the cyclotron frequency, the system behaves as an effectively one-dimensional free boson system, with the specific heat equal to 1/2Nk(B) and a gradual condensation at lower temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Delgado
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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45
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Ulmanis J, Deiglmayr J, Repp M, Wester R, Weidemüller M. Ultracold Molecules Formed by Photoassociation: Heteronuclear Dimers, Inelastic Collisions, and Interactions with Ultrashort Laser Pulses. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4890-927. [PMID: 22931226 DOI: 10.1021/cr300215h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juris Ulmanis
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg
12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Deiglmayr
- Laboratorium für Physikalische
Chemie, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse
10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marc Repp
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg
12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Wester
- Institut für Ionenphysik
und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25/3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Weidemüller
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg
12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Goulven Quéméner
- JILA, University of Colorado,
Boulder, CO 80309-0440, United States
| | - Paul S. Julienne
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST
and the University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8423,
United States
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47
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Yang Y, Liu X, Zhao Y, Xiao L, Jia S. Rovibrational Dynamics of RbCs on its Lowest 1,3Σ+ Potential Curves Calculated by Coupled Cluster Method with All-Electron Basis Set. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:11101-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp303975x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics
and Quantum
Optics Devices, Laser Spectroscopy Laboratory, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics
and Quantum
Optics Devices, Laser Spectroscopy Laboratory, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yanting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics
and Quantum
Optics Devices, Laser Spectroscopy Laboratory, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Liantuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics
and Quantum
Optics Devices, Laser Spectroscopy Laboratory, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Suotang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics
and Quantum
Optics Devices, Laser Spectroscopy Laboratory, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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48
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Stwalley WC, Bellos M, Carollo R, Banerjee J, Bermudez M. Shortcuts for understanding rovibronic spectroscopy of ultracold alkali metal diatomic molecules. Mol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2012.676680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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49
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Lemeshko M, Krems RV, Weimer H. Nonadiabatic preparation of spin crystals with ultracold polar molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:035301. [PMID: 22861865 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.035301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We study the growth dynamics of ordered structures of strongly interacting polar molecules in optical lattices. Using a dipole blockade of microwave excitations, we map the system onto an interacting spin-1/2 model possessing ground states with crystalline order, and describe a way to prepare these states by nonadiabatically driving the transitions between molecular rotational levels. The proposed technique bypasses the need to cross a phase transition and allows for the creation of ordered domains of considerably larger size compared to approaches relying on adiabatic preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Lemeshko
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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50
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Ashman S, McGeehan B, Wolfe CM, Faust C, Richter K, Jones J, Hickman AP, Huennekens J. Experimental studies of the NaCs 5(3)Π0 and 1(a)3Σ+ states. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:114313. [PMID: 22443770 DOI: 10.1063/1.3689388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report high resolution measurements of 372 NaCs 5(3)Π(0)(v, J) ro-vibrational level energies in the range 0 ≤ v ≤ 22. The data have been used to construct NaCs 5(3)Π(0) potential energy curves using the Rydberg-Klein-Rees and inverted perturbation approximation methods. Bound-free 5(3)Π(0)(v, J) → 1(a)(3)Σ(+) emission has also been measured, and is used to determine the repulsive wall of the 1(a)(3)Σ(+) state and the 5(3)Π(0) → 1(a)(3)Σ(+) relative transition dipole moment function. Hyperfine structure in the 5(3)Π(0) state has not been observed in this experiment. This null result is explained using a simple vector coupling model.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ashman
- Department of Physics, 16 Memorial Dr. East, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
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