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Chen X, Shan W, Wu D, Patel SB, Cai N, Li C, Ye S, Liu Z, Hwang S, Zakharov DN, Boscoboinik JA, Wang G, Zhou G. Atomistic mechanisms of water vapor-induced surface passivation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh5565. [PMID: 37910618 PMCID: PMC10619940 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh5565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The microscopic mechanisms underpinning the spontaneous surface passivation of metals from ubiquitous water have remained largely elusive. Here, using in situ environmental electron microscopy to atomically monitor the reaction dynamics between aluminum surfaces and water vapor, we provide direct experimental evidence that the surface passivation results in a bilayer oxide film consisting of a crystalline-like Al(OH)3 top layer and an inner layer of amorphous Al2O3. The Al(OH)3 layer maintains a constant thickness of ~5.0 Å, while the inner Al2O3 layer grows at the Al2O3/Al interface to a limiting thickness. On the basis of experimental data and atomistic modeling, we show the tunability of the dissociation pathways of H2O molecules with the Al, Al2O3, and Al(OH)3 surface terminations. The fundamental insights may have practical significance for the design of materials and reactions for two seemingly disparate but fundamentally related disciplines of surface passivation and catalytic H2 production from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Chen
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Weitao Shan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Dongxiang Wu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Shyam Bharatkumar Patel
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Na Cai
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Chaoran Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Shuonan Ye
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Sooyeon Hwang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Dmitri N. Zakharov
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | | | - Guofeng Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Guangwen Zhou
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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2
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Chen X, Wang J, Zhu Y, Xie Z, Ye S, Kisslinger K, Hwang S, Zakharov DN, Zhou G. Atomistic Origins of Reversible Noncatalytic Gas-Solid Interfacial Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3961-3971. [PMID: 36763977 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Noncatalytic gas-solid reactions are a large group of heterogeneous reactions that are usually assumed to occur irreversibly because of the strong driving force to favor the forward direction toward the product formation. Using the example of Ni oxidation into NiO with CO2, herein, we demonstrate the existence of the reverse element that results in the NiO reduction from the countering effect of the gaseous product of CO. Using in situ electron microscopy observations and atomistic modeling, we show that the oxidation process occurs via preferential CO2 adsorption along step edges that results in step-flow growth of NiO layers, and the presence of Ni atoms on the flat NiO surface promotes the nucleation of NiO layers. Simultaneously, the NiO reduction happens via preferential step-edge adsorption of CO that leads to the receding motion of atomic steps, and the presence of Ni vacancies in the NiO surface facilitates the CO-adsorption-induced surface pitting. Temperature and CO2 pressure effect maps are constructed to illustrate the spatiotemporal dynamics of the competing NiO redox reactions. These results demonstrate the rich gas-solid surface reaction dynamics induced by the coexisting forward and reverse reaction elements and have practical applicability in manipulating gas-solid reactions via controlling the gas environment or atomic structure of the solid surface to steer the reaction toward the desired direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Jianyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Yaguang Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Zhenhua Xie
- Chemical Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Shuonan Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Kim Kisslinger
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Sooyeon Hwang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Dmitri N Zakharov
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Guangwen Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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3
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Moser D, Materna P, Stark A, Lammer J, Csík A, Abdou JM, Dorner R, Sterrer M, Goessler W, Kothleitner G, Gollas B. Corrosion of Passive Aluminum Anodes in a Chloroaluminate Deep Eutectic Solvent for Secondary Batteries: The Bad, the Good, and the Ugly. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:882-892. [PMID: 36574963 PMCID: PMC9837816 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The passivity of aluminum is detrimental to its performance as an anode in batteries. Soaking of native oxide-covered aluminum in a chloroaluminate deep eutectic solvent gradually activates the electrode surface, which is reflected in a continuously decreasing open circuit potential. The underlying processes were studied by analyzing the 3 to 7 nm thick layer of native oxide after increasing periods of soaking with secondary neutral mass spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy in a transmission electron microscope. They consistently show permeation of electrolyte species into the layer associated with gradual swelling. After extended periods of soaking at open circuit potentials, local deposits of a range of foreign metals have been found in scanning electron microscopy images of the electrode surface. The pitting corrosion is caused by trace metal ion impurities present in the electrolyte and results in highly nonuniform current density distribution during discharge/charge cycling of battery cells as shown by local deposits of aluminum. The processes during soaking at open circuit potentials have been monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and could be analyzed by fitting an equivalent circuit model for pitting corrosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Moser
- Institute
of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp Materna
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/II, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Stark
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/II, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Judith Lammer
- Graz
Centre for Electron Microscopy, Steyrergasse 17, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Attila Csík
- Institute
for Nuclear Research, Bem ter 18/c, 4026Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jasmin M. Abdou
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Raphael Dorner
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Sterrer
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Goessler
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Kothleitner
- Institute
of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, 8010Graz, Austria
- Graz
Centre for Electron Microscopy, Steyrergasse 17, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Bernhard Gollas
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/II, 8010Graz, Austria
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4
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Seki K, Higashi T, Kawase Y, Takanabe K, Domen K. Exploring the Photocorrosion Mechanism of a Photocatalyst. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10356-10363. [PMID: 36314742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting using Ta3N5 anodes shows a high solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency approaching 10%. However, the long-term stability of gas evolution should be improved for the commercial utilization of PEC water-splitting technology. Herein, we examined the photocurrent degradation of photoanodes prepared by uniformly loading a NiFeOx cocatalyst onto a Ta3N5 semiconductor. Although spectroscopic analysis showed that the degradation was attributable to the formation of an oxide layer, several oxide growth kinetic laws and mechanisms are known. We theoretically derived the photocurrent kinetic laws instead of the oxide growth kinetic laws by generalizing the Cabrera-Mott oxidation theory of metal oxidation in air to apply it to photocorrosion. The measured photocurrent kinetics are fully consistent with the theoretical kinetic laws. We show that ion drift due to charging of the oxide layer limits oxide growth even though uniform cocatalyst loading is designed to prevent self-oxidation of Ta3N5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Seki
- Global Zero Emission Research Center (GZR), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Onogawa 16-1 AIST West, Ibaraki305-8569, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Higashi
- Institute for Tenure Track Promotion, University of Miyazaki, Nishi 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai, Miyazaki889-2192, Japan
| | - Yudai Kawase
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takanabe
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazunari Domen
- Office of University Professors, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano-shi, Nagano380-8553, Japan
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5
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Kordijazi A, Behera S, Patel D, Rohatgi P, Nosonovsky M. Predictive Analysis of Wettability of Al-Si Based Multiphase Alloys and Aluminum Matrix Composites by Machine Learning and Physical Modeling. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:3766-3777. [PMID: 33730496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wetting of multiphase alloys and their composites depends on multiple parameters, and these relationships are difficult to predict from first principles only. We study correlations between the composition, surface finish, and microstructure of Al-Si alloys (Si content 7-50%) and Al metal matrix composites (MMCs) with graphite (Gr), NiAl3, and SiC and the water contact angle (CA) experimentally, theoretically, and with machine learning (ML) techniques. Their surface properties were modified by mechanical abrasion, etching, and addition of alloying elements. An ML approach was developed to investigate correlations between the predictor variables (properties of the materials) and the CA. Theoretical models of wetting of rough surfaces (Wenzel, Cassie-Baxter, and their modifications) do not fully capture the CA, while ML models follow the experimental values. A full factorial design is utilized with combinations of all levels of the predictor factors (grit size, silicon percentage, droplet size, elapsed time, etching, reinforcing particles). To map the predictor variables to the response variables, 409 experimental data points were applied to train and test various supervised ML models, namely, regression, artificial neural network (ANN), chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and random forest. The correlations between the most significant factors and CA are explored through visualization techniques. The most accurately trained model shows a strong positive linear correlation (r > 0.9) between predicted and observed CA values in the test set, indicating the robustness of the model. The experimental measurements and artificial intelligence results demonstrate that CA increases following mechanically abrading the surface, etching, and adding Gr to the surface. The ML methods are promising to predict wetting properties and to provide a deeper understanding of the physical phenomena associated with the wettability of metallic alloys and their metal matrix composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Kordijazi
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Swaroop Behera
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Dhrumil Patel
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Pradeep Rohatgi
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Michael Nosonovsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
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6
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Geiger M, Hagel M, Reindl T, Weis J, Weitz RT, Solodenko H, Schmitz G, Zschieschang U, Klauk H, Acharya R. Optimizing the plasma oxidation of aluminum gate electrodes for ultrathin gate oxides in organic transistors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6382. [PMID: 33737629 PMCID: PMC7973517 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical requirement for the application of organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) in mobile or wearable applications is low-voltage operation, which can be achieved by employing ultrathin, high-capacitance gate dielectrics. One option is a hybrid dielectric composed of a thin film of aluminum oxide and a molecular self-assembled monolayer in which the aluminum oxide is formed by exposure of the surface of the aluminum gate electrode to a radio-frequency-generated oxygen plasma. This work investigates how the properties of such dielectrics are affected by the plasma power and the duration of the plasma exposure. For various combinations of plasma power and duration, the thickness and the capacitance of the dielectrics, the leakage-current density through the dielectrics, and the current-voltage characteristics of organic TFTs in which these dielectrics serve as the gate insulator have been evaluated. The influence of the plasma parameters on the surface properties of the dielectrics, the thin-film morphology of the vacuum-deposited organic-semiconductor films, and the resulting TFT characteristics has also been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Geiger
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Marion Hagel
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Reindl
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weis
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - R Thomas Weitz
- The 1st Physical Institute, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany
| | - Helena Solodenko
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Guido Schmitz
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ute Zschieschang
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hagen Klauk
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rachana Acharya
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
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7
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Liu X, Zhang X, Li L, Xu J, Yu S, Gong X, Zhang J, Yin H. Stable Luminescence of CsPbBr 3/ nCdS Core/Shell Perovskite Quantum Dots with Al Self-Passivation Layer Modification. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:40923-40931. [PMID: 31588719 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) are among the most important luminescent semiconducting materials; however, they are unstable. Exposure to light, heat, and air can lead to irreversible degradation, which results in fluorescence quenching. Therefore, defects in PQDs significantly limit their practical application. Herein, we describe a simple method to enhance the photostability of CsPbBr3/nCdS QDs, which involves doping their shells with aluminum. The temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) of colloidal CsPbBr3/nCdS/Al2O3 QDs is investigated, and the thermal quenching of PL, blue shift of the optical band gap, and PL line width broadening are observed in each QD sample. Al2O3 layers on the CsPbBr3/nCdS QDs can effectively prevent photodegradation. Nonlinear, temperature-dependent exciton-phonon coupling and lattice dilation leads to radiative and nonradiative relaxation processes at temperatures ranging from 10 to 300 K; moreover, changes in the band gap and PL spectral line broadening are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Material Physics, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , China
| | - Xiaosong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Material Physics, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , China
| | - Lan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Material Physics, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , China
| | - Jianping Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Material Physics, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , China
| | - Shuili Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Material Physics, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , China
| | - Xiaokai Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Material Physics, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Material Physics, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , China
| | - Hao Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Material Physics, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , China
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8
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Nguyen L, Hashimoto T, Zakharov DN, Stach EA, Rooney AP, Berkels B, Thompson GE, Haigh SJ, Burnett TL. Atomic-Scale Insights into the Oxidation of Aluminum. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:2230-2235. [PMID: 29319290 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The surface oxidation of aluminum is still poorly understood despite its vital role as an insulator in electronics, in aluminum-air batteries, and in protecting the metal against corrosion. Here we use atomic resolution imaging in an environmental transmission electron microscope (TEM) to investigate the mechanism of aluminum oxide formation. Harnessing electron beam sputtering we prepare a pristine, oxide-free metal surface in the TEM. This allows us to study, as a function of crystallographic orientation and oxygen gas pressure, the full oxide growth regime from the first oxide nucleation to a complete saturated, few-nanometers-thick surface film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Nguyen
- School of Materials, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Teruo Hashimoto
- School of Materials, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitri N Zakharov
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Eric A Stach
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
- University of Pennsylvania , Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 191041, United States
| | - Aidan P Rooney
- School of Materials, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Berkels
- Department of Mathematics, RWTH Aachen University , Schinkelstrasse 2, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - George E Thompson
- School of Materials, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Haigh
- School of Materials, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Tim L Burnett
- School of Materials, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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9
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Aykol M, Persson KA. Oxidation Protection with Amorphous Surface Oxides: Thermodynamic Insights from Ab Initio Simulations on Aluminum. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:3039-3045. [PMID: 29297220 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Native surface films play a key role in the oxidation and corrosion protection of functional and structural materials. Here, we present a fully ab initio approach for understanding the thermodynamic driving force behind the initial phase selection among amorphous and crystalline structures for a surface film growing on a crystalline substrate. We apply the approach to elucidate the competition among corundum (α), spinel (γ), and amorphous (am.) Al2O3 films growing on aluminum metal. We show that the amorphous Al2O3 film becomes thermodynamically the most stable form below around ∼1 nm, that is, the relative energetic stabilities of thin polymorphic Al2O films follow am. < γ < α. As the film thickness increases, the relative stability relation first changes to γ < α < am. and then to the bulk limit of α < γ < am. The nanoscale γ films distort substantially to form exclusively four- and fivefold-coordinated Al-O polyhedra, lose the close-packed O framework, and become "amorphous-like", that is, exhibit both short-range order and energetic characteristics that are commensurate with the amorphous form. Our results provide a quantitative, first-principles confirmation for the early hypotheses on the thermodynamic stability of amorphous surface films and provide insights for the critical role they play in oxidation protection. Handling the complexities associated with the initial film growth, including bulk, surface, interface, and strain energy effects in realistically complex ab initio simulations, we expect this approach to contribute to understanding of the mechanism behind effective passivation films for aluminum alloys and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muratahan Aykol
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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10
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Evertsson J, Bertram F, Rullik L, Harlow G, Lundgren E. Anodization of Al(100), Al(111) and Al Alloy 6063 studied in situ with X-ray reflectivity and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Liu Q, Qin H, Boscoboinik JA, Zhou G. Comparative Study of the Oxidation of NiAl(100) by Molecular Oxygen and Water Vapor Using Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:11414-11421. [PMID: 27728766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation behavior of NiAl(100) by molecular oxygen and water vapor under a near-ambient pressure of 0.2 Torr is monitored using ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. O2 exposure leads to the selective oxidation of Al at temperatures ranging from 40 to 500 °C. By contrast, H2O exposure results in the selective oxidation of Al at 40 and 200 °C, and increasing the oxidation temperature above 300 °C leads to simultaneous formation of both Al and Ni oxides. These results demonstrate that the O2 oxidation forms a nearly stoichiometric Al2O3 structure that provides improved protection to the metallic substrate by barring the outward diffusion of metals. By contrast, the H2O oxidation results in the formation of a defective oxide layer that allows outward diffusion of Ni at elevated temperatures for simultaneous NiO formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Multidisciplinary Program in Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York , Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Hailang Qin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Multidisciplinary Program in Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York , Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Jorge Anibal Boscoboinik
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Guangwen Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Multidisciplinary Program in Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York , Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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12
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Liu Q, Tong X, Zhou G. H₂O Dissociation-Induced Aluminum Oxide Growth on Oxidized Al(111) Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:13117-13126. [PMID: 26550986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of water vapor with amorphous aluminum oxide films on Al(111) is studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to elucidate the passivation mechanism of the oxidized Al(111) surfaces. Exposure of the aluminum oxide film to water vapor results in self-limiting Al2O3/Al(OH)3 bilayer film growth via counter-diffusion of both ions, Al outward and OH inward, where a thinner starting aluminum oxide film is more reactive toward H2O dissociation-induced oxide growth because of the thickness-dependent ionic transport in the aluminum oxide film. The aluminum oxide film exhibits reactivity toward H2O dissociation in both low-vapor pressure [p(H2O) = 1 × 10(-6) Torr] and intermediate-vapor pressure [p(H2O) = 5 Torr] regimes. Compared to the oxide film growth by exposure to a p(H2O) of 1 × 10(-6) Torr, the exposure to a p(H2O) of 5 Torr results in the formation of a more open structure of the inner Al(OH)3 layer and a more compact outer Al2O3 layer, demonstrating the vapor-pressure-dependent atomic structure in the passivating layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Multidisciplinary Program in Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York , Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Xiao Tong
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Guangwen Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Multidisciplinary Program in Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York , Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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Xia F, Zhang X, Wang M, Liu Q, Xu J. Analysis of the laser oxidation kinetics process of In-In(2)O(3) MTMO photomasks by laser direct writing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:29193-29201. [PMID: 26561189 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.029193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
One kind of novel grayscale photomask based on Metal-transparent-metallic-oxides (MTMOs) system fabricated by laser direct writing was demonstrated recently. Here, a multilayer oxidation model of In-In(2)O(3) film with a glass substrate was proposed to study the pulsed laser-induced oxidation mechanism. The distribution of the electromagnetic field in the film is calculated by the transfer matrix method. Temperature fields of the model are simulated based on the heat transfer equations with the Finite-Difference Time-Domain method. The oxidation kinetics process is studied based on the laser-induced Cabrera-Mott theory. The simulated oxidation processes are consistent with the experimental results, which mean that our laser-induced oxidation model can successfully interpret the fabrication mechanism of MTMO grayscale photomasks.
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Quackenbush NF, Paik H, Woicik JC, Arena DA, Schlom DG, Piper LFJ. X-Ray Spectroscopy of Ultra-Thin Oxide/Oxide Heteroepitaxial Films: A Case Study of Single-Nanometer VO2/TiO2. MATERIALS 2015; 8:5452-5466. [PMID: 28793516 PMCID: PMC5455529 DOI: 10.3390/ma8085255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Epitaxial ultra-thin oxide films can support large percent level strains well beyond their bulk counterparts, thereby enabling strain-engineering in oxides that can tailor various phenomena. At these reduced dimensions (typically < 10 nm), contributions from the substrate can dwarf the signal from the epilayer, making it difficult to distinguish the properties of the epilayer from the bulk. This is especially true for oxide on oxide systems. Here, we have employed a combination of hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) and angular soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to study epitaxial VO2/TiO2 (100) films ranging from 7.5 to 1 nm. We observe a low-temperature (300 K) insulating phase with evidence of vanadium-vanadium (V-V) dimers and a high-temperature (400 K) metallic phase absent of V-V dimers irrespective of film thickness. Our results confirm that the metal insulator transition can exist at atomic dimensions and that biaxial strain can still be used to control the temperature of its transition when the interfaces are atomically sharp. More generally, our case study highlights the benefits of using non-destructive XAS and HAXPES to extract out information regarding the interfacial quality of the epilayers and spectroscopic signatures associated with exotic phenomena at these dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas F Quackenbush
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
| | - Hanjong Paik
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Joseph C Woicik
- Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Dario A Arena
- National Synchrotron Light Source-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
| | - Darrell G Schlom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Louis F J Piper
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
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15
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Litrico G, Proulx P, Gouriet JB, Rambaud P. Controlled oxidation of aluminum nanoparticles. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Baran JD, Grönbeck H, Hellman A. Mechanism for limiting thickness of thin oxide films on aluminum. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:146103. [PMID: 24765992 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.146103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A first-principles account of the observed limiting thickness of oxide films formed on aluminum during oxidizing conditions is presented. The results uncover enhanced bonding of oxygen to thin alumina films in contact with metallic aluminum that stems from charge transfer between a reconstructed oxide-metal interface and the adsorbed molecules. The first-principles results are compared with the traditional Cabrera-Mott (CM) model, which is a classical continuum model. Within the CM model, charged surface oxygen species and metal ions generate a (Mott) potential that drives oxidation. An apparent limiting thickness is observed as the oxidation rate decreases rapidly with film growth. The present results support experimental estimates of the Mott potential and film thicknesses. In contrast to the CM model, however, the calculations reveal a real limiting thickness that originates from a diminishing oxygen adsorption energy beyond a certain oxide film thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub D Baran
- Department of Applied Physics and Competence Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Grönbeck
- Department of Applied Physics and Competence Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anders Hellman
- Department of Applied Physics and Competence Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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Cai N, Liu Q, Tong X, Zhou G. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of the passivation of NiAl(100) by water vapor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:774-783. [PMID: 24417205 DOI: 10.1021/la4039649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of NiAl(100) surfaces by water vapor is studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to elucidate the effect of temperature and vapor pressure on the surface passivation mechanism of the NiAl alloy. The water-vapor oxidation at ambient temperature (25 °C) results in self-limiting Al(OH)3/Al2O3 bilayer film growth to a less extent of the limiting thickness regimes, in which the growth of the inner Al2O3 layer occurs via dehydration of the outer Al(OH)3 layer. The growth of the passivating overlayer at the ambient temperature depletes Al and forms a Ni-rich layer at the oxide/alloy interface that impedes supply of Al atoms to the outer surface for Al(OH)3 formation via the hydration reaction, whereby resulting in a more Al-deficient structure of the outer Al(OH)3 layer upon increasing the vapor pressure. In contrast, the water-vapor oxidation at 300 °C results in Al2O3 single-layer film growth to a larger limiting thickness without involving the transient hydroxide phase of Al(OH)3. It is shown that increasing the oxidation temperatures results in the formation of a more compact Al2O3 film owning to the enhanced bulk diffusion rate that maintains an adequate supply of Al atoms to the oxide/alloy interface to sustain the oxide film growth to the full extent of the limiting thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Cai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Multidisciplinary Program in Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York , Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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