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Abstract
The symmetry of the theory of relativity under diffeomorphisms strongly depends on the equivalence principle. Violation of Equivalence Principle (VEP) can be tested by looking for deviations from the standard framework of neutrino oscillations. In recent works, it has been shown that strong constraints on the VEP parameter space can be placed by means of the atmospheric neutrinos observed by the IceCube neutrino telescope. In this paper, we focus on the KM3NeT neutrino telescope and perform a forecast analysis to assess its capacity to probe VEP. Most importantly, we examine the crucial role played by systematic uncertainties affecting the neutrino observations. We find that KM3NeT will constrain VEP parameters times the local gravitational potential at the level of 10−27. Due to the systematic-dominated regime, independent analyses from different neutrino telescopes are fundamental for robustly testing the equivalence principle.
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2
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Constraints on Space-Time-Matter Theory in the Framework of the Standard-Model Extension. GALAXIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/galaxies9020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We use experimental limits on Lorentz violation within the framework of the Standard-Model Extension to derive quantitative constraints on Space-Time-Matter theory, a version of Kaluza–Klein theory in which the cylinder condition is relaxed so that four-dimensional physics can in principle depend on the extra coordinates. The extra dimensions are not necessarily compact or length-like. We find that the associated variation in fundamental quantities such as rest mass must occur slowly, on cosmological scales.
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3
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Mann RB, Husin I, Patel H, Faizal M, Sulaksono A, Suroso A. Testing short distance anisotropy in space. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7474. [PMID: 33811224 PMCID: PMC8018969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The isotropy of space is not a logical requirement but rather is an empirical question; indeed there is suggestive evidence that universe might be anisotropic. A plausible source of these anisotropies could be quantum gravity corrections. If these corrections happen to be between the electroweak scale and the Planck scale, then these anisotropies can have measurable consequences at short distances and their effects can be measured using ultra sensitive condensed matter systems. We investigate how such anisotropic quantum gravity corrections modify low energy physics through an anisotropic deformation of the Heisenberg algebra. We discuss how such anisotropies might be observed using a scanning tunnelling microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Mann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Perimeter Institute, 31 Caroline St. N., Waterloo, ON, N2L 2Y5, Canada
| | - Idrus Husin
- Departemen Fisika, FMIPA, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 1624, Indonesia
- IoT and Physics Lab, Sampoerna University, Jakarta, 12780, Indonesia
| | - Hrishikesh Patel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Mir Faizal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
- Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, V1V1V7, Canada
- Canadian Quantum Research Center, 204-3002, 32 Ave, Vernon, BC, V1T 2L7, Canada
| | - Anto Sulaksono
- Departemen Fisika, FMIPA, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 1624, Indonesia
| | - Agus Suroso
- Theoretical Physics Lab, THEPI Division, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
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4
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Abstract
The effects of Lorentz and CPT violations on macroscopic objects are explored. Effective composite coefficients for Lorentz violation are derived in terms of coefficients for electrons, protons, and neutrons in the Standard-Model Extension, including all minimal and non-minimal violations. The hamiltonian and modified Newton’s second law for a test body are derived. The framework is applied to free-fall and torsion-balance tests of the weak equivalence principle and to orbital motion. The effects on continuous media are studied, and the frequency shifts in acoustic resonators are calculated.
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5
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Detection of the 5p - 4f orbital crossing and its optical clock transition in Pr 9. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5651. [PMID: 31827086 PMCID: PMC6906385 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent theoretical works have proposed atomic clocks based on narrow optical transitions in highly charged ions. The most interesting candidates for searches of physics beyond the Standard Model are those which occur at rare orbital crossings where the shell structure of the periodic table is reordered. There are only three such crossings expected to be accessible in highly charged ions, and hitherto none have been observed as both experiment and theory have proven difficult. In this work we observe an orbital crossing in a system chosen to be tractable from both sides: Pr\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}^{9+}$$\end{document}9+. We present electron beam ion trap measurements of its spectra, including the inter-configuration lines that reveal the sought-after crossing. With state-of-the-art calculations we show that the proposed nHz-wide clock line has a very high sensitivity to variation of the fine-structure constant, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\alpha$$\end{document}α, and violation of local Lorentz invariance; and has extremely low sensitivity to external perturbations. Atomic clocks are based on the frequency of optical transitions and offer high precision. Here the authors demonstrate a configuration crossing in the highly charged ion praseodymium (Pr\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}^{9+}$$\end{document}9+) and determine the frequency of a potential reference transition for a highly charged ion clock.
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6
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Bars HPL, Guerlin C, Hees A, Peaucelle R, Tasson JD, Bailey QG, Mo G, Delva P, Meynadier F, Touboul P, Métris G, Rodrigues M, Bergé J, Wolf P. New Test of Lorentz Invariance Using the MICROSCOPE Space Mission. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:231102. [PMID: 31868496 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.231102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We use data from the T-SAGE instrument on board the MICROSCOPE space mission to search for Lorentz violation in matter-gravity couplings as described by the Lorentz violating standard model extension (SME) coefficients (a[over ¯]_{eff})_{μ}^{w}, where (μ=T, X, Y, Z) and (w=e, p, n) for the electron, proton, and neutron. One of the phenomenological consequences of a nonzero value of those coefficients is that test bodies of different composition fall differently in an external gravitational field. This is similar to "standard" tests of the universality of free fall, but with a specific signature that depends on the orbital velocity and rotation of Earth. We analyze data from five measurement sessions of MICROSCOPE spread over a year finding no evidence for such a signature, but setting constraints on linear combinations of the SME coefficients that improve on best previous results by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude. Additionally, our independent linear combinations are different from previous ones, which increases the diversity of available constraints, paving the way towards a full decorrelation of the individual coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Pihan-le Bars
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Christine Guerlin
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Hees
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Romain Peaucelle
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
- Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Aéronautiques et de Construction Automobile (ESTACA), 78066 Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France
| | - Jay D Tasson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
| | - Quentin G Bailey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - Geoffrey Mo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
| | - Pacôme Delva
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Meynadier
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil, 92312 Sèvres, France
| | - Pierre Touboul
- DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, 92322 Châtillon, France
| | - Gilles Métris
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IRD, Géoazur, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | | | - Joël Bergé
- DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, 92322 Châtillon, France
| | - Peter Wolf
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
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7
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Abstract
This is an overview of recent publications on the prospects of searching for nonminimal Lorentz-violating effects in atomic spectroscopy experiments. The article discusses the differences in the signals for Lorentz violation in the presence of minimal and nonminimal operators and what systems are more sensitive to certain types of Lorentz-violating operators.
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8
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Megidish E, Broz J, Greene N, Häffner H. Improved Test of Local Lorentz Invariance from a Deterministic Preparation of Entangled States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:123605. [PMID: 30978053 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.123605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The high degree of control available over individual atoms enables precision tests of fundamental physical concepts. In this Letter, we experimentally study how precision measurements can be improved by preparing entangled states immune to the dominant source of decoherence. Using ^{40}Ca^{+} ions, we explicitly demonstrate the advantage from entanglement on a precision test of local Lorentz invariance for the electron. Reaching the quantum projection noise limit set by quantum mechanics, we observe, for bipartite entangled states, the expected gain of a factor of two in the precision. Under specific conditions, multipartite entangled states may yield substantial further improvements. Our measurements improve the previous best limit for local Lorentz invariance of the electron using ^{40}Ca^{+} ions by a factor of two to four to about 5×10^{-19}.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Megidish
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Joseph Broz
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Nicole Greene
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Hartmut Häffner
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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9
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Optical clock comparison for Lorentz symmetry testing. Nature 2019; 567:204-208. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0972-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Physics students are rarely exposed to the style of thinking that goes into theoretical developments in physics until late in their education. In this work, we present an alternative to the traditional statement of Newton’s second law that makes theory questions accessible to students early in their undergraduate studies. Rather than a contrived example, the model considered here arises from a popular framework for testing Lorentz symmetry used extensively in contemporary experiments. Hence, this work also provides an accessible introduction to some key ideas in ongoing tests of fundamental symmetries in physics.
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11
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12
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Shaniv R, Ozeri R, Safronova MS, Porsev SG, Dzuba VA, Flambaum VV, Häffner H. New Methods for Testing Lorentz Invariance with Atomic Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:103202. [PMID: 29570329 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.103202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe a broadly applicable experimental proposal to search for the violation of local Lorentz invariance (LLI) with atomic systems. The new scheme uses dynamic decoupling and can be implemented in current atomic clock experiments, with both single ions and arrays of neutral atoms. Moreover, the scheme can be performed on systems with no optical transitions, and therefore it is also applicable to highly charged ions which exhibit a particularly high sensitivity to Lorentz invariance violation. We show the results of an experiment measuring the expected signal of this proposal using a two-ion crystal of ^{88}Sr^{+} ions. We also carry out a systematic study of the sensitivity of highly charged ions to LLI to identify the best candidates for the LLI tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shaniv
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - R Ozeri
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - M S Safronova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S G Porsev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute," Gatchina, Leningrad district 188300, Russia
| | - V A Dzuba
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - V V Flambaum
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - H Häffner
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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13
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Bourgoin A, Le Poncin-Lafitte C, Hees A, Bouquillon S, Francou G, Angonin MC. Lorentz Symmetry Violations from Matter-Gravity Couplings with Lunar Laser Ranging. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:201102. [PMID: 29219364 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.201102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The standard-model extension (SME) is an effective field theory framework aiming at parametrizing any violation to the Lorentz symmetry (LS) in all sectors of physics. In this Letter, we report the first direct experimental measurement of SME coefficients performed simultaneously within two sectors of the SME framework using lunar laser ranging observations. We consider the pure gravitational sector and the classical point-mass limit in the matter sector of the minimal SME. We report no deviation from general relativity and put new realistic stringent constraints on LS violations improving up to 3 orders of magnitude previous estimations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bourgoin
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Bologna, via fontanelle 40, Forlì, Italy
| | - C Le Poncin-Lafitte
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - A Hees
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Bouquillon
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - G Francou
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - M-C Angonin
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
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14
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Using Comparisons of Clock Frequencies and Sidereal Variation to Probe Lorentz Violation. Symmetry (Basel) 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/sym9100245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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15
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Nardin Barreta LF, Victor AR, Bueno P, Dos Santos JR, da Silveira CAB, Neri JW, Neto JJ, Sbampato ME, Destro MG. Observation of the 162Dy- 164Dy Isotope Shift for the 0 → 16 717.79 cm -1 Optical Transition. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:1938-1946. [PMID: 28447488 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817702661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a newly observed isotope shift between 162Dy and 164Dy isotopes for the 0 → 16 717.79 cm-1 (598.003 nm) optical transition. We compared the newly observed results against two other lines (597.452 nm and 598.859 nm), which we measured in this work, and were already reported in the literature. The newly observed 162-164 Dy isotope shift, shows at least a 20% larger isotope shift than the isotope shifts for the other two lines investigated. The larger 162-164 isotope shift observed for the 598.003 nm line could lead to an increased isotope selectivity for atomic vapor laser isotope separation (AVLIS). Hence, this line could be a good choice for application in AVLIS. Experimental data available in the literature for the 597.452 nm and 598.859 nm lines, enabled us to perform simulations of spectra for both lines, in order to confirm the accuracy of our experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Felipe Nardin Barreta
- 1 ITA - Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (Aeronautics Institute of Technology), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Rogério Victor
- 1 ITA - Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (Aeronautics Institute of Technology), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Bueno
- 1 ITA - Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (Aeronautics Institute of Technology), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil
| | - Jhonatha Ricardo Dos Santos
- 1 ITA - Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (Aeronautics Institute of Technology), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil
| | | | - José Wilson Neri
- 2 IEAv - Instituto de Estudos Avançados (Institute for Advanced Studies), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil
| | - Jonas Jakutis Neto
- 2 IEAv - Instituto de Estudos Avançados (Institute for Advanced Studies), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Esther Sbampato
- 2 IEAv - Instituto de Estudos Avançados (Institute for Advanced Studies), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Geraldo Destro
- 1 ITA - Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (Aeronautics Institute of Technology), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil
- 2 IEAv - Instituto de Estudos Avançados (Institute for Advanced Studies), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil
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16
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Flambaum VV, Romalis MV. Limits on Lorentz Invariance Violation from Coulomb Interactions in Nuclei and Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:142501. [PMID: 28430493 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.142501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropy in the speed of light that has been constrained by Michelson-Morley-type experiments also generates anisotropy in the Coulomb interactions. This anisotropy can manifest itself as an energy anisotropy in nuclear and atomic experiments. Here the experimental limits on Lorentz violation in _{10}^{21}Ne are used to improve the limits on Lorentz symmetry violations in the photon sector, namely, the anisotropy of the speed of light and the Coulomb interactions, by 7 orders of magnitude in comparison with previous experiments: the speed of light is isotropic to a part in 10^{28}.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Flambaum
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M V Romalis
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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17
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Leefer N, Gerhardus A, Budker D, Flambaum VV, Stadnik YV. Search for the Effect of Massive Bodies on Atomic Spectra and Constraints on Yukawa-Type Interactions of Scalar Particles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:271601. [PMID: 28084774 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.271601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new method to search for hypothetical scalar particles that have feeble interactions with standard-model particles. In the presence of massive bodies, these interactions produce a nonzero Yukawa-type scalar-field magnitude. Using radio-frequency spectroscopy data of atomic dysprosium, as well as atomic clock spectroscopy data, we constrain the Yukawa-type interactions of a scalar field with the photon, electron, and nucleons for a range of scalar-particle masses corresponding to length scales >10 cm. In the limit as the scalar-particle mass m_{ϕ}→0, our derived limits on the Yukawa-type interaction parameters are Λ_{γ}≳8×10^{19} GeV, Λ_{e}≳1.3×10^{19} GeV, and Λ_{N}≳6×10^{20} GeV. Our measurements also constrain combinations of interaction parameters, which cannot otherwise be probed with traditional anomalous-force measurements. We suggest further measurements to improve on the current level of sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Leefer
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Gerhardus
- Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics, Physikalisches Institut der Universitat Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - D Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley 94720-7300, USA
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - V V Flambaum
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Y V Stadnik
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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18
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20
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Flambaum VV. Enhancing the Effect of Lorentz Invariance and Einstein's Equivalence Principle Violation in Nuclei and Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:072501. [PMID: 27563955 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.072501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Local Lorentz invariance violating (LLIV) and Einstein equivalence principle violating (EEPV) effects in atomic experiments are discussed. The EEPV effects are strongly enhanced in the narrow 7.8 eV transition in the _{90}^{229}Th nucleus. The nuclear LLIV tensors describing the anisotropy in the maximal attainable speed for massive particles (analog of the Michelson-Morley experiment for light) are expressed in terms of the experimental values of the nuclear quadrupole moments. Calculations for nuclei of experimental interest _{55}^{133}Cs, _{37}^{85}Rb, _{37}^{87}Rb, _{80}^{201}Hg, _{54}^{131}Xe, and _{10}^{21}Ne are performed. The results for _{10}^{21}Ne are used to improve the limits on the proton LLIV interaction constants by 4 orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Flambaum
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia and Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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21
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Highly charged ions for atomic clocks and search for variation of the fine structure constant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10751-015-1166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Brodutch A, Gilchrist A, Guff T, Smith AR, Terno DR. Post-Newtonian gravitational effects in optical interferometry. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.91.064041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Relativity tested with a split electron. Nature 2015; 517:559-60. [DOI: 10.1038/517559a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Pruttivarasin T, Ramm M, Porsev SG, Tupitsyn II, Safronova MS, Hohensee MA, Häffner H. Michelson–Morley analogue for electrons using trapped ions to test Lorentz symmetry. Nature 2015; 517:592-5. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Tasson JD. What do we know about Lorentz invariance? REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2014; 77:062901. [PMID: 24875620 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/77/6/062901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The realization that Planck-scale physics can be tested with existing technology through the search for spacetime-symmetry violation brought about the development of a comprehensive framework, known as the gravitational standard-model extension (SME), for studying deviations from exact Lorentz and CPT symmetry in nature. The development of this framework and its motivation led to an explosion of new tests of Lorentz symmetry over the past decade and to considerable theoretical interest in the subject. This work reviews the key concepts associated with Lorentz and CPT symmetry, the structure of the SME framework, and some recent experimental and theoretical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay D Tasson
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55901, USA
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Noordmans JP, Wilschut HW, Timmermans RGE. Limits on Lorentz violation from forbidden β decays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:171601. [PMID: 24206475 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.171601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Forbidden (slow) β decays offer new opportunities to test the invariance of the weak interaction under Lorentz transformations. Within a general effective field theory framework we analyze and reinterpret the only two relevant experiments, performed in the 1970s, dedicated to search for a preferred direction in space in first- and second-forbidden β decays. We show that the results of these experiments put strong and unique limits on Lorentz violation, and in particular on the presence of several interactions in the modern Lorentz-violating standard model extension. We discuss prospects to improve on these limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Noordmans
- KVI, University of Groningen, Zernikelaan 25, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands
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Hohensee MA, Müller H, Wiringa RB. Equivalence principle and bound kinetic energy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:151102. [PMID: 24160587 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.151102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We consider the role of the internal kinetic energy of bound systems of matter in tests of the Einstein equivalence principle. Using the gravitational sector of the standard model extension, we show that stringent limits on equivalence principle violations in antimatter can be indirectly obtained from tests using bound systems of normal matter. We estimate the bound kinetic energy of nucleons in a range of light atomic species using Green's function Monte Carlo calculations, and for heavier species using a Woods-Saxon model. We survey the sensitivities of existing and planned experimental tests of the equivalence principle, and report new constraints at the level of between a few parts in 10(6) and parts in 10(8) on violations of the equivalence principle for matter and antimatter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Hohensee
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Leefer N, Weber CTM, Cingöz A, Torgerson JR, Budker D. New limits on variation of the fine-structure constant using atomic dysprosium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:060801. [PMID: 23971546 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.060801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on the spectroscopy of radio-frequency transitions between nearly degenerate, opposite-parity excited states in atomic dysprosium (Dy). Theoretical calculations predict that these states are very sensitive to variation of the fine-structure constant α owing to large relativistic corrections of opposite sign for the opposite-parity levels. The near degeneracy reduces the relative precision necessary to place constraints on variation of α, competitive with results obtained from the best atomic clocks in the world. Additionally, the existence of several abundant isotopes of Dy allows isotopic comparisons that suppress common-mode systematic errors. The frequencies of the 754-MHz transition in 164Dy and 235-MHz transition in 162Dy are measured over the span of two years. The linear variation of α is α·/α=(-5.8±6.9([1σ]))×10(-17) yr(-1), consistent with zero. The same data are used to constrain the dimensionless parameter kα characterizing a possible coupling of α to a changing gravitational potential. We find that kα=(-5.5±5.2([1σ]))×10(-7), essentially consistent with zero and the best constraint to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Leefer
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
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