1
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Jiao Y, Li Z, Aihemaiti N, Ding J, Gu B, Peng S. Dynamically Tunable Circularly Polarized Selectivity in Plasmon-Enhanced Halide Perovskite Nanocrystal Glasses. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:9092-9099. [PMID: 39197085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
Ultrafast spin manipulation for optical spin-logic applications requires material systems with strong spin-selective light-matter interactions. The optical Stark effect can realize spin-selective light-matter interactions by breaking the degeneracy of spin-selective transitions with an external electric field. Halide perovskites have large exciton binding energies, which enable a room-temperature optical Stark effect. However, halide perovskites are prone to degradation when interacting with light and polar solvents, limiting further integration with nanophotonic structures. We demonstrate a hybrid material system consisting of CsPbBr3 nanocrystal glass weakly coupled to resonant plasmonic silver nanoparticles, showing ultrafast tunable spin-based polarization selectivity at room temperature. We performed circularly polarized pump-probe characterizations to investigate the optical Stark effect in this material system, which resulted in a maximum energy shift of ∼3.67 meV (detuning energy of 0.11 eV and pump intensity of 0.62 GW/cm2). We show that halide perovskite nanocrystal glasses have excellent resistance to heat and moisture, which may be favorable for integration with nanophotonic structures for further engineering polarization states, energy tuning, and coherence time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Jiao
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Zhenqin Li
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Nuerbiya Aihemaiti
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Jiayu Ding
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Bing Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Westlake University, Zhejiang 303303, China
| | - Siying Peng
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
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2
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He C, Liang K, Deng X, Liang X, Zhang J, Yu L. Triple Plexcitonic Nonreciprocity of Magnetochiral Plexcitons. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 39011986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Nonreciprocal quantum devices, allowing different transmission efficiencies of light-matter polaritons along opposite directions, are key technologies for modern photonics, yet their miniaturization and fine manipulation remain an open challenge. Here, we report on magnetochiral plexcitons dressed with geometric-time double asymmetry in compact nonreciprocal hybrid metamaterials, leading to triple plexcitonic nonreciprocity with flexible controllability. A general magnetically dressed plexcitonic Born-Kuhn model is developed to reveal the hybrid optical nature and dynamic energy evolution of magnetochiral plexcitons, demonstrating a plexcitonic nonreciprocal mechanism originating from the strong coupling among photon, electron, and spin degrees of freedom. Moreover, we introduce the temperature-controlled knob/switch for magnetochiral plexcitons, achieving precise magnetochiral control and nonreciprocal transmission in a given system. We expect this mechanism and approach to open up a new route for the integration and fine control of on-chip nonreciprocal quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmao He
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Kun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Xuyan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Xiongyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Jiasen Zhang
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
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3
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Timmer D, Gittinger M, Quenzel T, Stephan S, Zhang Y, Schumacher MF, Lützen A, Silies M, Tretiak S, Zhong JH, De Sio A, Lienau C. Plasmon mediated coherent population oscillations in molecular aggregates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8035. [PMID: 38052786 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The strong coherent coupling of quantum emitters to vacuum fluctuations of the light field offers opportunities for manipulating the optical and transport properties of nanomaterials, with potential applications ranging from ultrasensitive all-optical switching to creating polariton condensates. Often, ubiquitous decoherence processes at ambient conditions limit these couplings to such short time scales that the quantum dynamics of the interacting system remains elusive. Prominent examples are strongly coupled exciton-plasmon systems, which, so far, have mostly been investigated by linear optical spectroscopy. Here, we use ultrafast two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy to probe the quantum dynamics of J-aggregate excitons collectively coupled to the spatially structured plasmonic fields of a gold nanoslit array. We observe rich coherent Rabi oscillation dynamics reflecting a plasmon-driven coherent exciton population transfer over mesoscopic distances at room temperature. This opens up new opportunities to manipulate the coherent transport of matter excitations by coupling to vacuum fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Timmer
- Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Gittinger
- Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Quenzel
- Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sven Stephan
- Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany
- Institute for Lasers and Optics, University of Applied Sciences, Emden, Germany
| | - Yu Zhang
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Marvin F Schumacher
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Arne Lützen
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Silies
- Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany
- Institute for Lasers and Optics, University of Applied Sciences, Emden, Germany
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Jin-Hui Zhong
- Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China
| | - Antonietta De Sio
- Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Dynamics (CeNaD), Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lienau
- Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany.
- Center for Nanoscale Dynamics (CeNaD), Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany.
- Forschungszentrum Neurosensorik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany.
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4
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Zhou WJ, You JB, Xiong X, Lu YW, Ang LK, Liu JF, Wu L. Cavity spectral-hole-burning to boost coherence in plasmon-emitter strong coupling systems. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:475001. [PMID: 35981513 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac8aa3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Significant decoherence of the plasmon-emitter (i.e., plexcitonic) strong coupling systems hinders the progress towards their applications in quantum technology due to the unavoidable lossy nature of the plasmons. Inspired by the concept of spectral-hole-burning (SHB) for frequency-selective bleaching of the emitter ensemble, we propose 'cavity SHB' by introducing cavity modes with moderate quality factors to the plexcitonic system to boost its coherence. We show that the detuning of the introduced cavity mode with respect to the original plexcitonic system, which defines the location of the cavity SHB, is the most critical parameter. Simultaneously introducing two cavity modes of opposite detunings, the excited-state population of the emitter can be enhanced by 4.5 orders of magnitude within 300 fs, and the attenuation of the emitter's population can be slowed down by about 56 times. This theoretical proposal provides a new approach of cavity engineering to enhance the plasmon-emitter strong coupling systems' coherence, which is important for realistic hybrid-cavity design for applications in quantum technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Zhou
- Science, Mathematics and Technology (SMT), Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Jia-Bin You
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Xiao Xiong
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Yu-Wei Lu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lay Kee Ang
- Science, Mathematics and Technology (SMT), Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Jing-Feng Liu
- College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wu
- Science, Mathematics and Technology (SMT), Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore
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5
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Quenzel T, Timmer D, Gittinger M, Zablocki J, Zheng F, Schiek M, Lützen A, Frauenheim T, Tretiak S, Silies M, Zhong JH, De Sio A, Lienau C. Plasmon-Enhanced Exciton Delocalization in Squaraine-Type Molecular Aggregates. ACS NANO 2022; 16:4693-4704. [PMID: 35188735 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Enlarging exciton coherence lengths in molecular aggregates is critical for enhancing the collective optical and transport properties of molecular thin film nanostructures or devices. We demonstrate that the exciton coherence length of squaraine aggregates can be increased from 10 to 24 molecular units at room temperature when preparing the aggregated thin film on a metallic rather than a dielectric substrate. Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy measurements reveal a much lower degree of inhomogeneous line broadening for aggregates on a gold film, pointing to a reduced disorder. The result is corroborated by simulations based on a Frenkel exciton model including exciton-plasmon coupling effects. The simulation shows that localized, energetically nearly resonant excitons on spatially well separated segments can be radiatively coupled via delocalized surface plasmon polariton modes at a planar molecule-gold interface. Such plasmon-enhanced delocalization of the exciton wave function is of high importance for improving the coherent transport properties of molecular aggregates on the nanoscale. Additionally, it may help tailor the collective optical response of organic materials for quantum optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Quenzel
- Institut of Physics and Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Daniel Timmer
- Institut of Physics and Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Moritz Gittinger
- Institut of Physics and Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Jennifer Zablocki
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn 53121, Germany
| | - Fulu Zheng
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Manuela Schiek
- Institut of Physics and Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Neurosensorik, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg 26111, Germany
| | - Arne Lützen
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn 53121, Germany
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center (CSRC), Beijing 100193, China
- Shenzhen Computational Science and Applied Research (CSAR) Institute, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Martin Silies
- Institut of Physics and Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
- Institute for Lasers and Optics, University of Applied Sciences, Emden 26723, Germany
| | - Jin-Hui Zhong
- Institut of Physics and Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Antonietta De Sio
- Institut of Physics and Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Christoph Lienau
- Institut of Physics and Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Neurosensorik, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg 26111, Germany
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6
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Yang J, Fu Y, Zhang X. A self-supported ultrathin plasmonic film for ultrafast optical switching. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:943-951. [PMID: 36131823 PMCID: PMC9419710 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00761k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-supporting gold nanowire (AuNW) gratings with a thickness of about 200 nm are produced by solution-processing and flexible-transfer techniques. Such an ultrathin structure is applied as an ultrafast optical switch that enables low-threshold optical modulation with a high signal contrast and a high signal-to-noise ratio. Transient energy-band modification in gold under excitation by femtosecond laser pulses is the main responsible mechanism. For a pump fluence of about 170 μJ cm-2, a modulation depth of about 10% is achieved for the optical switching signal. Self-supporting metallic plasmonic photonic thin films with a large area and flexible structures are important for applications in a large variety of circumstances and on different interfaces for optical signal processing, optical logic circuits, and optical communication systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Yang
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 P. R. China
- Modern Police Technology and Equipment Research Center, College of Police Equipment and Technology, China People's Police University Langfang 065000 P. R. China
| | - Yulan Fu
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 P. R. China
| | - Xinping Zhang
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 P. R. China
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7
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Du G, Bao X, Lin S, Pang H, Bannur Nanjunda S, Bao Q. Infrared Polaritonic Biosensors Based on Two-Dimensional Materials. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154651. [PMID: 34361804 PMCID: PMC8347072 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, polaritons in two-dimensional (2D) materials have gained intensive research interests and significant progress due to their extraordinary properties of light-confinement, tunable carrier concentrations by gating and low loss absorption that leads to long polariton lifetimes. With additional advantages of biocompatibility, label-free, chemical identification of biomolecules through their vibrational fingerprints, graphene and related 2D materials can be adapted as excellent platforms for future polaritonic biosensor applications. Extreme spatial light confinement in 2D materials based polaritons supports atto-molar concentration or single molecule detection. In this article, we will review the state-of-the-art infrared polaritonic-based biosensors. We first discuss the concept of polaritons, then the biosensing properties of polaritons on various 2D materials, then lastly the impending applications and future opportunities of infrared polaritonic biosensors for medical and healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (G.D.); (H.P.)
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China;
| | - Xiaozhi Bao
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China;
| | - Shenghuang Lin
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China;
| | - Huan Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (G.D.); (H.P.)
| | - Shivananju Bannur Nanjunda
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Centre of Excellence in Biochemical Sensing and Imaging Technologies (Cen-Bio-SIM), Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- Correspondence: (S.B.N.); (Q.B.)
| | - Qiaoliang Bao
- Shenzhen Exciton Science and Technology Ltd., Shenzhen 518052, China
- Correspondence: (S.B.N.); (Q.B.)
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8
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Li C, Lu X, Srivastava A, Storm SD, Gelfand R, Pelton M, Sukharev M, Harutyunyan H. Second Harmonic Generation from a Single Plasmonic Nanorod Strongly Coupled to a WSe 2 Monolayer. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1599-1605. [PMID: 33306403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, coupled to metal plasmonic nanocavities, have recently emerged as new platforms for strong light-matter interactions. These systems are expected to have nonlinear-optical properties that will enable them to be used as entangled photon sources, compact wave-mixing devices, and other elements for classical and quantum photonic technologies. Here, we report the first experimental investigation of the nonlinear properties of these strongly coupled systems, by observing second harmonic generation from a WSe2 monolayer strongly coupled to a single gold nanorod. The pump-frequency dependence of the second-harmonic signal displays a pronounced splitting that can be explained by a coupled-oscillator model with second-order nonlinearities. Rigorous numerical simulations utilizing a nonperturbative nonlinear hydrodynamic model of conduction electrons support this interpretation and reproduce experimental results. Our study thus lays the groundwork for understanding the nonlinear properties of strongly coupled nanoscale systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chentao Li
- Department of Physics, Emory University, 400 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Physics, Emory University, 400 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Ajit Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Emory University, 400 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - S David Storm
- Department of Physics, UMBC (University of Maryland, Baltimore County), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Rachel Gelfand
- Department of Physics, UMBC (University of Maryland, Baltimore County), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Matthew Pelton
- Department of Physics, UMBC (University of Maryland, Baltimore County), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Maxim Sukharev
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona 85212, United States
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Hayk Harutyunyan
- Department of Physics, Emory University, 400 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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9
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Zheng P, Kang J, Paria D, Kang JU, Barman I. Molecular Radiative Energy Shifts under Strong Oscillating Fields. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007244. [PMID: 33354911 PMCID: PMC8099018 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coherent manipulation of light-matter interactions is pivotal to the advancement of nanophotonics. Conventionally, the non-resonant optical Stark effect is harnessed for band engineering by intense laser pumping. However, this method is hindered by the transient Stark shifts and the high-energy laser pumping which, by itself, is precluded as a nanoscale optical source due to light diffraction. As an analog of photons in a laser, surface plasmons are uniquely positioned to coherently interact with matter through near-field coupling, thereby, providing a potential source of electric fields. Herein, the first demonstration of plasmonic Stark effect is reported and attributed to a newly uncovered energy-bending mechanism. As a complementary approach to the optical Stark effect, it is envisioned that the plasmonic Stark effect will advance fundamental understanding of coherent light-matter interactions and will also provide new opportunities for advanced optoelectronic tools, such as ultrafast all-optical switches and biological nanoprobes at lower light power levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Jeeun Kang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21231, United States
| | - Debadrita Paria
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Jin U. Kang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, United States
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
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10
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Abstract
When molecules are assembled into an aggregate, their mutual dipole-dipole interaction leads to electronic eigenstates that are coherently delocalized over many molecules. Knowledge about these states is important to understand the optical and transfer properties of the aggregates. Optical spectroscopy, in principle, allows one to infer information on these eigenstates and about the interactions between the molecules. However, traditional optical techniques using an electromagnetic field which is uniform over the relevant size of the aggregate cannot access most of the excited states because of selection rules. We demonstrate that by using localized fields one can obtain information about these otherwise inaccessible states. As an example, we discuss in detail the case of local excitation via radiation from the apex of a metallic tip, which allows also scanning across the aggregate. The resulting spatially resolved spectra provide extensive information on the eigenenergies and wave functions. Finally we show that the technique will elucidate the anomalous temperature dependence of superradiance found recently for two-dimensional aggregates of the semiconductor PTCDA formed on a KCl surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Gao
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems , Nöthnitzer Strasse 38 , D-01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Alexander Eisfeld
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems , Nöthnitzer Strasse 38 , D-01187 Dresden , Germany
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11
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Zhong J, Chimeh A, Korte A, Schwarz F, Yi J, Wang D, Zhan J, Schaaf P, Runge E, Lienau C. Strong Spatial and Spectral Localization of Surface Plasmons in Individual Randomly Disordered Gold Nanosponges. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:4957-4964. [PMID: 29996060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Porous nanosponges, percolated with a three-dimensional network of 10 nm sized ligaments, recently emerged as promising substrates for plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy and (photo)catalysis. Experimental and theoretical work suggests surface plasmon localization in some hot-spot modes as the physical origin of their unusual optical properties, but so far the existence of such hot-spots has not been proven. Here we use scattering-type scanning near-field nanospectroscopy on individual gold nanosponges to reveal spatially and spectrally confined modes at 10 nm scale by recording local near-field scattering spectra. High quality factors of individual hot-spots of more than 40 are demonstrated, predicting high Purcell factors up to 106. The observed field localization and enhancement make such nanosponges an appealing platform for a variety of applications ranging from nonlinear optics to strong-coupling physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Zhong
- Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science , Carl von Ossietzky Universität , 26129 Oldenburg , Germany
| | - Abbas Chimeh
- Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science , Carl von Ossietzky Universität , 26129 Oldenburg , Germany
| | - Anke Korte
- Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science , Carl von Ossietzky Universität , 26129 Oldenburg , Germany
| | - Felix Schwarz
- Institut für Physik and Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien MacroNano , Technische Universität Ilmenau , 98693 Ilmenau , Germany
| | - Juemin Yi
- Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science , Carl von Ossietzky Universität , 26129 Oldenburg , Germany
| | - Dong Wang
- Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien MacroNano and Institut für Werkstofftechnik , Technische Universität Ilmenau , 98693 Ilmenau , Germany
| | - Jinxin Zhan
- Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science , Carl von Ossietzky Universität , 26129 Oldenburg , Germany
| | - Peter Schaaf
- Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien MacroNano and Institut für Werkstofftechnik , Technische Universität Ilmenau , 98693 Ilmenau , Germany
| | - Erich Runge
- Institut für Physik and Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologien MacroNano , Technische Universität Ilmenau , 98693 Ilmenau , Germany
| | - Christoph Lienau
- Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science , Carl von Ossietzky Universität , 26129 Oldenburg , Germany
- Forschungszentrum Neurosensorik , Carl von Ossietzky Universität , 26111 Oldenburg , Germany
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12
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Nong J, Wei W, Wang W, Lan G, Shang Z, Yi J, Tang L. Strong coherent coupling between graphene surface plasmons and anisotropic black phosphorus localized surface plasmons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:1633-1644. [PMID: 29402035 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.001633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The anisotropic plasmons properties of black phosphorus allow for realizing direction-dependent plasmonics devices. Here, we theoretically investigated the hybridization between graphene surface plasmons (GSP) and anisotropic black phosphorus localized surface plasmons (BPLSP) in the strong coupling regime. By dynamically adjusting the Fermi level of graphene, we show that the strong coherent GSP-BPLSP coupling can be achieved in both armchair and zigzag directions, which is attributed to the anisotropic black phosphorus with different in-plane effective electron masses along the two crystal axes. The strong coupling is quantitatively described by calculating the dispersion of the hybrid modes using a coupled oscillator model. Mode splitting energy of 26.5 meV and 19 meV are determined for the GSP-BPLSP hybridization along armchair and zigzag direction, respectively. We also find that the coupling strength can be strongly affected by the distance between graphene sheet and black phosphorus nanoribbons. Our work may provide the building blocks to construct future highly compact anisotropic plasmonics devices based on two-dimensional materials at infrared and terahertz frequencies.
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13
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Kirschner MS, Ding W, Li Y, Chapman CT, Lei A, Lin XM, Chen LX, Schatz GC, Schaller RD. Phonon-Driven Oscillatory Plasmonic Excitonic Nanomaterials. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:442-448. [PMID: 29191022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that coherent acoustic phonons derived from plasmonic nanoparticles can modulate electronic interactions with proximal excitonic molecular species. A series of gold bipyramids with systematically varied aspect ratios and corresponding localized surface plasmon resonance energies, functionalized with a J-aggregated thiacarbocyanine dye molecule, produces two hybridized states that exhibit clear anticrossing behavior with a Rabi splitting energy of 120 meV. In metal nanoparticles, photoexcitation generates coherent acoustic phonons that cause oscillations in the plasmon resonance energy. In the coupled system, these photogenerated oscillations alter the metal nanoparticle's energetic contribution to the hybridized system and, as a result, change the coupling between the plasmon and exciton. We demonstrate that such modulations in the hybridization are consistent across a wide range of bipyramid ensembles. We also use finite-difference time domain calculations to develop a simple model describing this behavior. Such oscillatory plasmonic-excitonic nanomaterials offer a route to manipulate and dynamically tune the interactions of plasmonic/excitonic systems and unlock a range of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Kirschner
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Wendu Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yuxiu Li
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Craig T Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Min Lin
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Lin X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemical Science and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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14
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Zhang K, Chen TY, Shi WB, Li CY, Fan RH, Wang QJ, Peng RW, Wang M. Polarization-dependent strong coupling between surface plasmon polaritons and excitons in an organic-dye-doped nanostructure. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:2834-2837. [PMID: 28708181 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.002834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate polarization-dependent strong coupling between surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and excitons in the J-aggregates-attached aperture array. It is shown that the excitons strongly couple with the polarization-dependent SPPs, and Rabi splittings are consequently observed. As a result, the polarization-dependent polariton bands are generated in the system. Increasing the incident angle, the polaritons disperse to higher energies under transverse-electric illumination, while the polaritons disperse to lower energies under transverse-magnetic illumination. Therefore, at different polarization incidence, we experimentally achieve distinct polaritons with opposite dispersion directions. In this way, tuning the polarization of the incident light, we can excite different polaritons whose energy propagates to different directions. Furthermore, by retrieving the mixing fractions of the components in these polariton bands, we find that the dispersion properties of the polaritons are inherited from both the SPPs and the excitons. Our investigation may inspire related studies on tunable photon-exciton interactions and achieve some potential applications on active polariton devices.
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15
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Selectively tunable optical Stark effect of anisotropic excitons in atomically thin ReS 2. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13569. [PMID: 27857053 PMCID: PMC5120211 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The optical Stark effect is a coherent light-matter interaction describing the modification of quantum states by non-resonant light illumination in atoms, solids and nanostructures. Researchers have strived to utilize this effect to control exciton states, aiming to realize ultra-high-speed optical switches and modulators. However, most studies have focused on the optical Stark effect of only the lowest exciton state due to lack of energy selectivity, resulting in low degree-of-freedom devices. Here, by applying a linearly polarized laser pulse to few-layer ReS2, where reduced symmetry leads to strong in-plane anisotropy of excitons, we control the optical Stark shift of two energetically separated exciton states. Especially, we selectively tune the Stark effect of an individual state with varying light polarization. This is possible because each state has a completely distinct dependence on light polarization due to different excitonic transition dipole moments. Our finding provides a methodology for energy-selective control of exciton states.
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16
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Vergauwe RMA, George J, Chervy T, Hutchison JA, Shalabney A, Torbeev VY, Ebbesen TW. Quantum Strong Coupling with Protein Vibrational Modes. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:4159-4164. [PMID: 27689759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In quantum electrodynamics, matter can be hybridized to confined optical fields by a process known as light-matter strong coupling. This gives rise to new hybrid light-matter states and energy levels in the coupled material, leading to modified physical and chemical properties. Here, we report for the first time the strong coupling of vibrational modes of proteins with the vacuum field of a Fabry-Perot mid-infrared cavity. For two model systems, poly(l-glutamic acid) and bovine serum albumin, strong coupling is confirmed by the anticrossing in the dispersion curve, the square root dependence on the concentration, and a vacuum Rabi splitting that is larger than the cavity and vibration line widths. These results demonstrate that strong coupling can be applied to the study of proteins with many possible applications including the elucidation of the role of vibrational dynamics in enzyme catalysis and in H/D exchange experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robrecht M A Vergauwe
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS , 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jino George
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS , 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thibault Chervy
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS , 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - James A Hutchison
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS , 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Atef Shalabney
- Department of Physics and Optical Engineering, Ort Braude College , Karmiel 21982, Israel
| | - Vladimir Y Torbeev
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS , 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas W Ebbesen
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS , 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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17
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Thomas A, George J, Shalabney A, Dryzhakov M, Varma SJ, Moran J, Chervy T, Zhong X, Devaux E, Genet C, Hutchison JA, Ebbesen TW. Ground-State Chemical Reactivity under Vibrational Coupling to the Vacuum Electromagnetic Field. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11462-6. [PMID: 27529831 PMCID: PMC5113700 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The ground-state deprotection of a simple alkynylsilane is studied under vibrational strong coupling to the zero-point fluctuations, or vacuum electromagnetic field, of a resonant IR microfluidic cavity. The reaction rate decreased by a factor of up to 5.5 when the Si-C vibrational stretching modes of the reactant were strongly coupled. The relative change in the reaction rate under strong coupling depends on the Rabi splitting energy. Product analysis by GC-MS confirmed the kinetic results. Temperature dependence shows that the activation enthalpy and entropy change significantly, suggesting that the transition state is modified from an associative to a dissociative type. These findings show that vibrational strong coupling provides a powerful approach for modifying and controlling chemical landscapes and for understanding reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Thomas
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée G. Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jino George
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée G. Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Marian Dryzhakov
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée G. Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sreejith J Varma
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée G. Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Joseph Moran
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée G. Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thibault Chervy
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée G. Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Xiaolan Zhong
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée G. Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eloïse Devaux
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée G. Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cyriaque Genet
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée G. Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - James A Hutchison
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée G. Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas W Ebbesen
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée G. Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
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18
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Yang Y, Yang M, Zhu K, Johnson JC, Berry JJ, van de Lagemaat J, Beard MC. Large polarization-dependent exciton optical Stark effect in lead iodide perovskites. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12613. [PMID: 27577007 PMCID: PMC5013647 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A strong interaction of a semiconductor with a below-bandgap laser pulse causes a blue-shift of the bandgap transition energy, known as the optical Stark effect. The energy shift persists only during the pulse duration with an instantaneous response time. The optical Stark effect has practical relevance for applications, including quantum information processing and communication, and passively mode-locked femtosecond lasers. Here we demonstrate that solution-processable lead-halide perovskites exhibit a large optical Stark effect that is easily resolved at room temperature resulting from the sharp excitonic feature near the bandedge. We also demonstrate that a polarized pump pulse selectively shifts one spin state producing a spin splitting of the degenerate excitonic states. Such selective spin manipulation is an important prerequisite for spintronic applications. Our result implies that such hybrid semiconductors may have great potential for optoelectronic applications beyond photovoltaics. The band gap of bulk semiconductors widens when excited by sub-bandgap wavelengths at low temperature—it's the optical Stark effect. Here, the authors measure a room temperature optical Stark effect in lead halide perovskite films, due to their well-resolved excitonic transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yang
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Mengjin Yang
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Kai Zhu
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Justin C Johnson
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Joseph J Berry
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Jao van de Lagemaat
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Matthew C Beard
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
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19
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Thomas A, George J, Shalabney A, Dryzhakov M, Varma SJ, Moran J, Chervy T, Zhong X, Devaux E, Genet C, Hutchison JA, Ebbesen TW. Ground-State Chemical Reactivity under Vibrational Coupling to the Vacuum Electromagnetic Field. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Thomas
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC; 8 allée G. Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Jino George
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC; 8 allée G. Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | | | - Marian Dryzhakov
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC; 8 allée G. Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Sreejith J. Varma
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC; 8 allée G. Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Joseph Moran
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC; 8 allée G. Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Thibault Chervy
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC; 8 allée G. Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Xiaolan Zhong
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC; 8 allée G. Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Eloïse Devaux
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC; 8 allée G. Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Cyriaque Genet
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC; 8 allée G. Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - James A. Hutchison
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC; 8 allée G. Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Thomas W. Ebbesen
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC; 8 allée G. Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
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