1
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Kim Y, Jeong J, Youn S, Bae S, Lee K, van Loo AF, Nakamura Y, Oh S, Seong T, Uchaikin S, Kim JE, Semertzidis YK. Experimental Search for Invisible Dark Matter Axions around 22 μeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:051802. [PMID: 39159122 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.051802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
The axion has emerged as the most attractive solution to two fundamental questions in modern physics related to the charge-parity invariance in strong interactions and the invisible matter component of our Universe. Over the past decade, there have been many theoretical efforts to constrain the axion mass based on various cosmological assumptions. Interestingly, different approaches from independent groups produce good overlap between 20 and 30 μeV. We performed an experimental search to probe the presence of dark matter axions within this particular mass region. The experiment utilized a multicell cavity haloscope embedded in a 12 T magnetic field to seek for microwave signals induced by the axion-photon coupling. The results ruled out the KSVZ axions as dark matter over a mass range between 21.86 and 22.00 μeV at a 90% confidence level. This represents a sensitive experimental search guided by specific theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younggeun Kim
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Junu Jeong
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - SungWoo Youn
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjae Bae
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwoong Lee
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Seonjeong Oh
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyeon Seong
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Sergey Uchaikin
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yannis K Semertzidis
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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2
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Agrawal A, Dixit AV, Roy T, Chakram S, He K, Naik RK, Schuster DI, Chou A. Stimulated Emission of Signal Photons from Dark Matter Waves. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:140801. [PMID: 38640371 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.140801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The manipulation of quantum states of light has resulted in significant advancements in both dark matter searches and gravitational wave detectors. Current dark matter searches operating in the microwave frequency range use nearly quantum-limited amplifiers. Future high frequency searches will use photon counting techniques to evade the standard quantum limit. We present a signal enhancement technique that utilizes a superconducting qubit to prepare a superconducting microwave cavity in a nonclassical Fock state and stimulate the emission of a photon from a dark matter wave. By initializing the cavity in an |n=4⟩ Fock state, we demonstrate a quantum enhancement technique that increases the signal photon rate and hence also the dark matter scan rate each by a factor of 2.78. Using this technique, we conduct a dark photon search in a band around 5.965 GHz (24.67 μeV), where the kinetic mixing angle ε≥4.35×10^{-13} is excluded at the 90% confidence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Agrawal
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Akash V Dixit
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Tanay Roy
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Srivatsan Chakram
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Kevin He
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Ravi K Naik
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - David I Schuster
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Aaron Chou
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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3
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Malnou M, Larson TFQ, Teufel JD, Lecocq F, Aumentado J. Low-noise cryogenic microwave amplifier characterization with a calibrated noise source. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:034703. [PMID: 38451145 DOI: 10.1063/5.0193591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Parametric amplifiers have become a workhorse in superconducting quantum computing; however, research and development of these devices has been hampered by inconsistent and, sometimes, misleading noise performance characterization methodologies. The concepts behind noise characterization are deceptively simple, and there are many places where one can make mistakes, either in measurement or in interpretation and analysis. In this article, we cover the basics of noise performance characterization and the special problems it presents in parametric amplifiers with limited power handling capability. We illustrate the issues with three specific examples: a high-electron mobility transistor amplifier, a Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifier, and a Josephson parametric amplifier. We emphasize the use of a 50-Ω shot noise tunnel junction (SNTJ) as a broadband noise source, demonstrating its utility for cryogenic amplifier amplifications. These practical examples highlight the role of loss as well as the additional parametric amplifier "idler" input mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Malnou
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - T F Q Larson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - J D Teufel
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - F Lecocq
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - J Aumentado
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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4
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Zhang Y. Imperfect Axion Precludes the Domain Wall Problem. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:081003. [PMID: 38457739 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.081003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The QCD axion needs not be an exact pseudoscalar for solving the strong CP problem. Its imperfectness can play a profound role cosmologically. We propose effective operators, where the Peccei-Quinn field linearly couples to standard model particles, provide a dynamical solution to the domain wall problem that prevails in postinflationary axion models with discrete symmetry. Such interactions generate a thermal potential that drives the axion field to a universal value throughout the Universe at high temperatures thus preventing the birth of domain walls when the QCD potential switches on. We discuss generic conditions for this mechanism to work and several concrete examples. Combining with existing electric dipole moment and fifth force constraints, a lower bound on the axion mass is obtained around 10^{-5} eV. Our findings make a strong case for complementary axion searches with both quality preserving and violating interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
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5
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Noordhuis D, Prabhu A, Witte SJ, Chen AY, Cruz F, Weniger C. Novel Constraints on Axions Produced in Pulsar Polar-Cap Cascades. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:111004. [PMID: 37774289 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.111004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Axions can be copiously produced in localized regions of neutron star magnetospheres where the ambient plasma is unable to efficiently screen the induced electric field. As these axions stream away from the neutron star they can resonantly transition into photons, generating a large broadband contribution to the neutron star's intrinsic radio flux. In this Letter, we develop a comprehensive end-to-end framework to model this process from the initial production of axions to the final detection of radio photons, and derive constraints on the axion-photon coupling, g_{aγγ}, using observations of 27 nearby pulsars. We study the modeling uncertainty in the sourced axion spectrum by comparing predictions from 2.5 dimensional particle-in-cell simulations with those derived using a semianalytic model; these results show remarkable agreement, leading to constraints on the axion-photon coupling that typically differ by a factor of no more than ∼2. The limits presented here are the strongest to date for axion masses 10^{-8} eV≲m_{a}≲10^{-5} eV, and crucially do not rely on the assumption that axions are dark matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dion Noordhuis
- GRAPPA Institute, Institute for Theoretical Physics Amsterdam and Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anirudh Prabhu
- Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Samuel J Witte
- GRAPPA Institute, Institute for Theoretical Physics Amsterdam and Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Y Chen
- Physics Department and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Fábio Cruz
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Inductiva Research Labs, Rua da Prata 80, 1100-420 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Christoph Weniger
- GRAPPA Institute, Institute for Theoretical Physics Amsterdam and Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
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6
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Yang B, Yoon H, Ahn M, Lee Y, Yoo J. Extended Axion Dark Matter Search Using the CAPP18T Haloscope. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:081801. [PMID: 37683161 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.081801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
We report an extended search for the axion dark matter using the CAPP18T haloscope. The CAPP18T experiment adopts innovative technologies of a high-temperature superconducting magnet and a Josephson parametric converter. The CAPP18T detector was reconstructed after an unexpected incident of the high-temperature superconducting magnet quenching. The system reconstruction includes rebuilding the magnet, improving the impedance matching in the microwave chain, and mechanically readjusting the tuning rod to the cavity for improved thermal contact. The total system noise temperature is ∼0.6 K. The coupling between the cavity and the strong antenna is maintained at β≃2 to enhance the axion search scanning speed. The scan frequency range is from 4.8077 to 4.8181 GHz. No significant indication of the axion dark matter signature is observed. The results set the best upper bound of the axion-photon-photon coupling (g_{aγγ}) in the mass ranges of 19.883 to 19.926 μeV at ∼0.7×|g_{aγγ}^{KSVZ}| or ∼1.9×|g_{aγγ}^{DFSZ}| with 90% confidence level. The results demonstrate that a reliable search of the high-mass dark matter axions can be achieved beyond the benchmark models using the technology adopted in CAPP18T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongsu Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hojin Yoon
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Moohyun Ahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Youngjae Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jonghee Yoo
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Korea
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7
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Bao Y, Fan J, Li L. Opening up a Window on the Postinflationary QCD Axion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:241001. [PMID: 37390447 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.241001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The QCD axion cosmology depends crucially on whether the QCD axion is present during inflation or not. We point out that contrary to the standard criterion, the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry could remain unbroken during inflation, even when the axion decay constant, f_{a}, is (much) above the inflationary Hubble scale, H_{I}. This is achieved through the heavy lifting of the PQ scalar field due to its leading nonrenormalizable interaction with the inflaton, encoded in a high-dimensional operator which respects the approximate shift symmetry of the inflaton. The mechanism opens up a new window for the post-inflationary QCD axion and significantly enlarges the parameter space, in which the QCD axion dark matter with f_{a}>H_{I} could be compatible with high-scale inflation and free from constraints on axion isocurvature perturbations. There also exist nonderivative couplings, which still keep the inflaton shift symmetry breaking under control, to achieve the heavy lifting of the PQ field during inflation. Additionally, by introducing an early matter domination era, more parameter space of high f_{a} could yield the observed DM abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjia Bao
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - JiJi Fan
- Department of Physics and Brown Theoretical Physics Center, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Lingfeng Li
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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8
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Kim J, Kwon O, Kutlu Ç, Chung W, Matlashov A, Uchaikin S, van Loo AF, Nakamura Y, Oh S, Byun H, Ahn D, Semertzidis YK. Near-Quantum-Noise Axion Dark Matter Search at CAPP around 9.5 μeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:091602. [PMID: 36930919 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.091602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of an axion dark matter search over an axion mass range of 9.39-9.51 μeV. A flux-driven Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) was added to the cryogenic receiver chain. A system noise temperature of as low as 200 mK was achieved, which is the lowest recorded noise among published axion cavity experiments with phase-insensitive JPA operation. In addition, we developed a two-stage scanning method which boosted the scan speed by 26%. As a result, a range of two-photon coupling in a plausible model for the QCD axion was excluded with an order of magnitude higher in sensitivity than existing limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsu Kim
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Ohjoon Kwon
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Çağlar Kutlu
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Woohyun Chung
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrei Matlashov
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Sergey Uchaikin
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Arjan Ferdinand van Loo
- RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Seonjeong Oh
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - HeeSu Byun
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Danho Ahn
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Yannis K Semertzidis
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
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9
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Alesini D, Babusci D, Braggio C, Carugno G, Crescini N, D’Agostino D, D’Elia A, Di Gioacchino D, Di Vora R, Falferi P, Gambardella U, Gatti C, Iannone G, Ligi C, Lombardi A, Maccarrone G, Ortolan A, Pengo R, Rettaroli A, Ruoso G, Taffarello L, Tocci S. Search for Galactic axions with a high-
Q
dielectric cavity. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.052007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Chang H, Chang JY, Chang YC, Chang YH, Chang YH, Chen CH, Chen CF, Chen KY, Chen YF, Chiang WY, Chien WC, Doan HT, Hung WC, Kuo W, Lai SB, Liu HW, OuYang MW, Wu PI, Yu SS. First Results from the Taiwan Axion Search Experiment with a Haloscope at 19.6 μeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:111802. [PMID: 36154404 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.111802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports on the first results from the Taiwan Axion Search Experiment with a Haloscope, a search for axions using a microwave cavity at frequencies between 4.707 50 and 4.798 15 GHz. Apart from the nonaxion signals, no candidates with a significance of more than 3.355 were found. The experiment excludes models with the axion-two-photon coupling |g_{aγγ}|≳8.1×10^{-14} GeV^{-1}, a factor of eleven above the benchmark Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov model, in the mass range 19.4687<m_{a}<19.8436 μeV. It is also the first time that a haloscope experiment places constraints on g_{aγγ} in the mass region of 19.4687<m_{a}<19.7639 μeV, reaching a sensitivity 3 orders of magnitude better than the limits obtained by nonhaloscope experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin Chang
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yang Chang
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Chang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Chang
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402202, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hann Chang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115201, Taiwan
- Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Han Chen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115201, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fang Chen
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Fu Chen
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yuan Chiang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Chien
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402202, Taiwan
| | - Hien Thi Doan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115201, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Hung
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115201, Taiwan
| | - Watson Kuo
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402202, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Bai Lai
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Han-Wen Liu
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Min-Wei OuYang
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Ping-I Wu
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Shan Yu
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
- Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
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11
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Chang H, Chang JY, Chang YC, Chang YH, Chang YH, Chen CH, Chen CF, Chen KY, Chen YF, Chiang WY, Chien WC, Doan HT, Hung WC, Kuo W, Lai SB, Liu HW, OuYang MW, Wu PI, Yu SS. Taiwan Axion Search Experiment with Haloscope: CD102 analysis details. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.052002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Chang H, Chang JY, Chang YC, Chang YH, Chang YH, Chen CH, Chen CF, Chen KY, Chen YF, Chiang WY, Chien WC, Doan HT, Hung WC, Kuo W, Lai SB, Liu HW, OuYang MW, Wu PI, Yu SS. Taiwan axion search experiment with haloscope: Designs and operations. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:084501. [PMID: 36050105 DOI: 10.1063/5.0098783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report on a holoscope axion search experiment near 19.6 µeV from the Taiwan Axion Search Experiment with Haloscope collaboration. This experiment is carried out via a frequency-tunable cavity detector with a volume V = 0.234 liter in a magnetic field B0 = 8 T. With a signal receiver that has a system noise temperature Tsys ≅ 2.2 K and an experiment time of about one month, the search excludes values of the axion-photon coupling constant gaγγ ≳ 8.1 × 10-14 GeV-1, a factor of 11 above the Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov benchmark model, at the 95% confidence level in the mass range of 19.4687-19.8436 µeV. We present the experimental setup and procedures to accomplish this search.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin Chang
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yang Chang
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Chang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Chang
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402202, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hann Chang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115201, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Han Chen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115201, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fang Chen
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Fu Chen
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yuan Chiang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Chien
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402202, Taiwan
| | - Hien Thi Doan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115201, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Hung
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Watson Kuo
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402202, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Bai Lai
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Han-Wen Liu
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Min-Wei OuYang
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Ping-I Wu
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Shan Yu
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
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13
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Quiskamp A, McAllister BT, Altin P, Ivanov EN, Goryachev M, Tobar ME. Direct search for dark matter axions excluding ALP cogenesis in the 63- to 67-μeV range with the ORGAN experiment. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq3765. [PMID: 35857478 PMCID: PMC9258816 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq3765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The standard model axion seesaw Higgs portal inflation (SMASH) model is a well-motivated, self-contained description of particle physics that predicts axion dark matter particles to exist within the mass range of 50 to 200 micro-electron volts. Scanning these masses requires an axion haloscope to operate under a constant magnetic field between 12 and 48 gigahertz. The ORGAN (Oscillating Resonant Group AxioN) experiment (in Perth, Australia) is a microwave cavity axion haloscope that aims to search the majority of the mass range predicted by the SMASH model. Our initial phase 1a scan sets an upper limit on the coupling of axions to two photons of ∣gaγγ∣ ≤ 3 × 10-12 per giga-electron volts over the mass range of 63.2 to 67.1 micro-electron volts with 95% confidence interval. This highly sensitive result is sufficient to exclude the well-motivated axion-like particle cogenesis model for dark matter in the searched region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Quiskamp
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence For Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ben T. McAllister
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence For Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Swinburne University of Technology, John St., Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Paul Altin
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Eugene N. Ivanov
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence For Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Maxim Goryachev
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence For Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Michael E. Tobar
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence For Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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14
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Lee Y, Yang B, Yoon H, Ahn M, Park H, Min B, Kim D, Yoo J. Searching for Invisible Axion Dark Matter with an 18 T Magnet Haloscope. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:241805. [PMID: 35776482 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.241805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report the first search results for axion dark matter using an 18 T high-temperature superconducting magnet haloscope. The scan frequency ranges from 4.7789 to 4.8094 GHz. No significant signal consistent with the Galactic halo dark matter axion is observed. The results set the best upper bound of axion-photon-photon coupling (g_{aγγ}) in the mass ranges of 19.764 to 19.771 μeV (19.863 to 19.890 μeV) at 1.5×|g_{aγγ}^{KSVZ}| (1.7×|g_{aγγ}^{KSVZ}|), and 19.772 to 19.863 μeV at 2.7×|g_{aγγ}^{KSVZ}| with 90% confidence level, respectively. This remarkable sensitivity in the high mass region of dark matter axion is achieved by using the strongest magnetic field among the existing haloscope experiments and realizing a low-noise amplification of microwave signals using a Josephson parametric converter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjae Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Byeongsu Yang
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Korea
| | - Hojin Yoon
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Moohyun Ahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Heejun Park
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Korea
| | - Byeonghun Min
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Korea
| | - DongLak Kim
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Korea
| | - Jonghee Yoo
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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15
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Billard J, Boulay M, Cebrián S, Covi L, Fiorillo G, Green A, Kopp J, Majorovits B, Palladino K, Petricca F, Roszkowski Chair L, Schumann M. Direct detection of dark matter-APPEC committee report. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:056201. [PMID: 35193133 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac5754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This report provides an extensive review of the experimental programme of direct detection searches of particle dark matter. It focuses mostly on European efforts, both current and planned, but does it within a broader context of a worldwide activity in the field. It aims at identifying the virtues, opportunities and challenges associated with the different experimental approaches and search techniques. It presents scientific and technological synergies, both existing and emerging, with some other areas of particle physics, notably collider and neutrino programmes, and beyond. It addresses the issue of infrastructure in light of the growing needs and challenges of the different experimental searches. Finally, the report makes a number of recommendations from the perspective of a long-term future of the field. They are introduced, along with some justification, in the opening overview and recommendations section and are next summarised at the end of the report. Overall, we recommend that the direct search for dark matter particle interactions with a detector target should be given top priority in astroparticle physics, and in all particle physics, and beyond, as a positive measurement will provide the most unambiguous confirmation of the particle nature of dark matter in the Universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Billard
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I-Lyon, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mark Boulay
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Susana Cebrián
- Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Covi
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Giuliana Fiorillo
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi 'Federico II' di Napoli and INFN Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Anne Green
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Kopp
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland and Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Kimberly Palladino
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Leszek Roszkowski Chair
- Astrocent, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center PAS, Warsaw, Poland
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marc Schumann
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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16
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Malnou M, Aumentado J, Vissers M, Wheeler J, Hubmayr J, Ullom J, Gao J. Performance of a Kinetic Inductance Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifier at 4 Kelvin: Toward an Alternative to Semiconductor Amplifiers. PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED 2022; 17:10.1103/physrevapplied.17.044009. [PMID: 37965129 PMCID: PMC10644704 DOI: 10.1103/physrevapplied.17.044009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Most microwave readout architectures in quantum computing or sensing rely on a semiconductor amplifier at 4 K, typically a high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT). Despite its remarkable noise performance, a conventional HEMT dissipates several milliwatts of power, posing a practical challenge to scale up the number of qubits or sensors addressed in these architectures. As an alternative, we present an amplification chain consisting of a kinetic inductance traveling-wave parametric amplifier (KITWPA) placed at 4 K, followed by a HEMT placed at 70 K, and demonstrate a chain-added noise T Σ = 6.3 ± 0.5 K between 3.5 and 5.5 GHz. While, in principle, any parametric amplifier can be quantum limited even at 4 K, in practice we find the performance of the KITWPA to be limited by the temperature of its inputs and by an excess of noise T ex = 1.9 K . The dissipation of the rf pump of the KITWPA constitutes the main power load at 4 K and is about 1% that of a HEMT. These combined noise and power dissipation values pave the way for the use of the KITWPA as a replacement for semiconductor amplifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Malnou
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - J. Aumentado
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - M.R. Vissers
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - J.D. Wheeler
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - J. Hubmayr
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - J.N. Ullom
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - J. Gao
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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17
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Liu J, Dona K, Hoshino G, Knirck S, Kurinsky N, Malaker M, Miller DW, Sonnenschein A, Awida MH, Barry PS, Berggren KK, Bowring D, Carosi G, Chang C, Chou A, Khatiwada R, Lewis S, Li J, Nam SW, Noroozian O, Zhou TX. Broadband Solenoidal Haloscope for Terahertz Axion Detection. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:131801. [PMID: 35426699 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.131801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We introduce the Broadband Reflector Experiment for Axion Detection (BREAD) conceptual design and science program. This haloscope plans to search for bosonic dark matter across the [10^{-3},1] eV ([0.24, 240] THz) mass range. BREAD proposes a cylindrical metal barrel to convert dark matter into photons, which a novel parabolic reflector design focuses onto a photosensor. This unique geometry enables enclosure in standard cryostats and high-field solenoids, overcoming limitations of current dish antennas. A pilot 0.7 m^{2} barrel experiment planned at Fermilab is projected to surpass existing dark photon coupling constraints by over a decade with one-day runtime. Axion sensitivity requires <10^{-20} W/sqrt[Hz] sensor noise equivalent power with a 10 T solenoid and 10 m^{2} barrel. We project BREAD sensitivity for various sensor technologies and discuss future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Liu
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Kristin Dona
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Gabe Hoshino
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Stefan Knirck
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Noah Kurinsky
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Matthew Malaker
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - David W Miller
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | | | - Mohamed H Awida
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Peter S Barry
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Karl K Berggren
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Daniel Bowring
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Gianpaolo Carosi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - Clarence Chang
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Aaron Chou
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Rakshya Khatiwada
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - Samantha Lewis
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Juliang Li
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Sae Woo Nam
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Omid Noroozian
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - Tony X Zhou
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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18
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Semertzidis YK, Youn S. Axion dark matter: How to see it? SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm9928. [PMID: 35196091 PMCID: PMC8865767 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm9928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The axion is a highly motivated elementary particle that could address two fundamental questions in physics-the strong charge-parity (CP) problem and the dark matter mystery. Experimental searches for this hypothetical particle started reaching theoretically interesting sensitivity levels, particularly in the micro-electron volt (gigahertz) region. They rely on microwave resonators in strong magnetic fields with signals read out by quantum noise limited amplifiers. Concurrently, there have been intensive experimental efforts to widen the search range by devising various techniques and to enhance sensitivities by implementing advanced technologies. These orthogonal approaches will enable us to explore most of the parameter space for axions and axion-like particles within the next decades, with the 1- to 25-gigahertz frequency range to be conquered well within the first decade. We review the experimental aspects of axion physics and discuss the past, present, and future of the direct search programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis K. Semertzidis
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - SungWoo Youn
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
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19
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Kavanagh BJ, Edwards TD, Visinelli L, Weniger C. Stellar disruption of axion miniclusters in the Milky Way. Int J Clin Exp Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.063038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Tran Tan HB, Derevianko A, Dzuba VA, Flambaum VV. Atomic Ionization by Scalar Dark Matter and Solar Scalars. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:081301. [PMID: 34477413 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.081301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We calculate the cross sections of atomic ionization by absorption of scalar particles in the energy range from a few eV to 100 keV. We consider both nonrelativistic particles (dark matter candidates) and relativistic particles that may be produced inside the Sun. We provide numerical results for atoms relevant for direct dark matter searches (O, Na, Ar, Ca, Ge, I, Xe, W and Tl). We identify a crucial flaw in previous calculations and show that they overestimated the ionization cross sections by several orders of magnitude due to violation of the orthogonality of the bound and continuum electron wave functions. Using our computed cross sections, we interpret the recent data from the Xenon1T experiment, establishing the first direct bounds on coupling of scalars to electrons. We argue that the Xenon1T excess can be explained by the emission of scalars from the Sun. Although our finding is in a similar tension with astrophysical bounds as the solar axion hypothesis, we establish direct limits on scalar DM for the ∼1-10 keV mass range. We also update axio-ionization cross sections. Numerical data files are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Tran Tan
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - A Derevianko
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - V A Dzuba
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - V V Flambaum
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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21
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Thomson CA, McAllister BT, Goryachev M, Ivanov EN, Tobar ME. Erratum: Upconversion Loop Oscillator Axion Detection Experiment: A Precision Frequency Interferometric Axion Dark Matter Search with a Cylindrical Microwave Cavity [Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 081803 (2021)]. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:019901. [PMID: 34270323 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.019901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.081803.
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22
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Brdar V, Dutta B, Jang W, Kim D, Shoemaker IM, Tabrizi Z, Thompson A, Yu J. Axionlike Particles at Future Neutrino Experiments: Closing the Cosmological Triangle. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:201801. [PMID: 34110206 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.201801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Axionlike particles (ALPs) provide a promising direction in the search for new physics, while a wide range of models incorporate ALPs. We point out that future neutrino experiments, such as DUNE, possess competitive sensitivity to ALP signals. The high-intensity proton beam impinging on a target can not only produce copious amounts of neutrinos, but also cascade photons that are created from charged particle showers stopping in the target. Therefore, ALPs interacting with photons can be produced (often energetically) with high intensity via the Primakoff effect and then leave their signatures at the near detector through the inverse Primakoff scattering or decays to a photon pair. Moreover, the high-capability near detectors allow for discrimination between ALP signals and potential backgrounds, improving the signal sensitivity further. We demonstrate that a DUNE-like detector can explore a wide range of parameter space in ALP-photon coupling g_{aγ} vs ALP mass m_{a}, including some regions unconstrained by existing bounds; the "cosmological triangle" will be fully explored and the sensitivity limits would reach up to m_{a}∼3-4 GeV and down to g_{aγ}∼10^{-8} GeV^{-1}.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedran Brdar
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Northwestern University, Department of Physics & Astronomy, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Bhaskar Dutta
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Wooyoung Jang
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - Doojin Kim
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Ian M Shoemaker
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Zahra Tabrizi
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Adrian Thompson
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Jaehoon Yu
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
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23
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Kwon O, Lee D, Chung W, Ahn D, Byun H, Caspers F, Choi H, Choi J, Chung Y, Jeong H, Jeong J, Kim JE, Kim J, Kutlu Ç, Lee J, Lee M, Lee S, Matlashov A, Oh S, Park S, Uchaikin S, Youn S, Semertzidis YK. First Results from an Axion Haloscope at CAPP around 10.7 μeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:191802. [PMID: 34047607 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.191802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research at the Institute for Basic Science is searching for axion dark matter using ultralow temperature microwave resonators. We report the exclusion of the axion mass range 10.7126-10.7186 μeV with near Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov (KSVZ) coupling sensitivity and the range 10.16-11.37 μeV with about 9 times larger coupling at 90% confidence level. This is the first axion search result in these ranges. It is also the first with a resonator physical temperature of less than 40 mK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohjoon Kwon
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyu Lee
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Woohyun Chung
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Danho Ahn
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - HeeSu Byun
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Fritz Caspers
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Genve 23, Switzerland
- ESI (European Scientific Institute) Archamps Technople, F-74160, France
| | - Hyoungsoon Choi
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Choi
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonuk Chung
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyong Jeong
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Junu Jeong
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihn E Kim
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Jinsu Kim
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Çağlar Kutlu
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihnhwan Lee
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, IBS, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - MyeongJae Lee
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyung Lee
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrei Matlashov
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonjeong Oh
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongtae Park
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Sergey Uchaikin
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - SungWoo Youn
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Yannis K Semertzidis
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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24
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Wang Z, Xu M, Han X, Fu W, Puri S, Girvin SM, Tang HX, Shankar S, Devoret MH. Quantum Microwave Radiometry with a Superconducting Qubit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:180501. [PMID: 34018799 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.180501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of photons and coherent quantum systems can be employed to detect electromagnetic radiation with remarkable sensitivity. We introduce a quantum radiometer based on the photon-induced dephasing process of a superconducting qubit for sensing microwave radiation at the subunit photon level. Using this radiometer, we demonstrate the radiative cooling of a 1 K microwave resonator and measure its mode temperature with an uncertainty ∼0.01 K. We thus develop a precise tool for studying the thermodynamics of quantum microwave circuits, which provides new solutions for calibrating hybrid quantum systems and detecting candidate particles for dark matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Wang
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Mingrui Xu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Shruti Puri
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - S M Girvin
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Hong X Tang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - S Shankar
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - M H Devoret
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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Ng KKY, Vitale S, Hannuksela OA, Li TGF. Constraints on Ultralight Scalar Bosons within Black Hole Spin Measurements from the LIGO-Virgo GWTC-2. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:151102. [PMID: 33929219 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.151102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Clouds of ultralight bosons-such as axions-can form around a rapidly spinning black hole, if the black hole radius is comparable to the bosons' wavelength. The cloud rapidly extracts angular momentum from the black hole, and reduces it to a characteristic value that depends on the boson's mass as well as on the black hole mass and spin. Therefore, a measurement of a black hole mass and spin can be used to reveal or exclude the existence of such bosons. Using the black holes released by LIGO and Virgo in their GWTC-2, we perform a simultaneous measurement of the black hole spin distribution at formation and the mass of the scalar boson. We find that the data strongly disfavor the existence of scalar bosons in the mass range between 1.3×10^{-13} and 2.7×10^{-13} eV. Our mass constraint is valid for bosons with negligible self-interaction, that is, with a decay constant f_{a}≳10^{14} GeV. The statistical evidence is mostly driven by the two binary black holes systems GW190412 and GW190517, which host rapidly spinning black holes. The region where bosons are excluded narrows down if these two systems merged shortly (∼10^{5} yr) after the black holes formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken K Y Ng
- Department of Physics, LIGO Lab, and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Salvatore Vitale
- Department of Physics, LIGO Lab, and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Otto A Hannuksela
- Nikhef-National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Physics, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tjonnie G F Li
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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26
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Dixit AV, Chakram S, He K, Agrawal A, Naik RK, Schuster DI, Chou A. Searching for Dark Matter with a Superconducting Qubit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:141302. [PMID: 33891438 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.141302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Detection mechanisms for low mass bosonic dark matter candidates, such as the axion or hidden photon, leverage potential interactions with electromagnetic fields, whereby the dark matter (of unknown mass) on rare occasion converts into a single photon. Current dark matter searches operating at microwave frequencies use a resonant cavity to coherently accumulate the field sourced by the dark matter and a near standard quantum limited (SQL) linear amplifier to read out the cavity signal. To further increase sensitivity to the dark matter signal, sub-SQL detection techniques are required. Here we report the development of a novel microwave photon counting technique and a new exclusion limit on hidden photon dark matter. We operate a superconducting qubit to make repeated quantum nondemolition measurements of cavity photons and apply a hidden Markov model analysis to reduce the noise to 15.7 dB below the quantum limit, with overall detector performance limited by a residual background of real photons. With the present device, we perform a hidden photon search and constrain the kinetic mixing angle to ε≤1.68×10^{-15} in a band around 6.011 GHz (24.86 μeV) with an integration time of 8.33 s. This demonstrated noise reduction technique enables future dark matter searches to be sped up by a factor of 1,300. By coupling a qubit to an arbitrary quantum sensor, more general sub-SQL metrology is possible with the techniques presented in this Letter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash V Dixit
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Srivatsan Chakram
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Kevin He
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Ankur Agrawal
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Ravi K Naik
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - David I Schuster
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Aaron Chou
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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Aybas D, Adam J, Blumenthal E, Gramolin AV, Johnson D, Kleyheeg A, Afach S, Blanchard JW, Centers GP, Garcon A, Engler M, Figueroa NL, Sendra MG, Wickenbrock A, Lawson M, Wang T, Wu T, Luo H, Mani H, Mauskopf P, Graham PW, Rajendran S, Kimball DFJ, Budker D, Sushkov AO. Search for Axionlike Dark Matter Using Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:141802. [PMID: 33891466 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.141802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of an experimental search for ultralight axionlike dark matter in the mass range 162-166 neV. The detection scheme of our Cosmic Axion Spin Precession Experiment is based on a precision measurement of ^{207}Pb solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance in a polarized ferroelectric crystal. Axionlike dark matter can exert an oscillating torque on ^{207}Pb nuclear spins via the electric dipole moment coupling g_{d} or via the gradient coupling g_{aNN}. We calibrate the detector and characterize the excitation spectrum and relaxation parameters of the nuclear spin ensemble with pulsed magnetic resonance measurements in a 4.4 T magnetic field. We sweep the magnetic field near this value and search for axionlike dark matter with Compton frequency within a 1 MHz band centered at 39.65 MHz. Our measurements place the upper bounds |g_{d}|<9.5×10^{-4} GeV^{-2} and |g_{aNN}|<2.8×10^{-1} GeV^{-1} (95% confidence level) in this frequency range. The constraint on g_{d} corresponds to an upper bound of 1.0×10^{-21} e cm on the amplitude of oscillations of the neutron electric dipole moment and 4.3×10^{-6} on the amplitude of oscillations of CP-violating θ parameter of quantum chromodynamics. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance to search for axionlike dark matter in the neV mass range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Aybas
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Janos Adam
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Emmy Blumenthal
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | | | - Dorian Johnson
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Annalies Kleyheeg
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Samer Afach
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - John W Blanchard
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gary P Centers
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Antoine Garcon
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Engler
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nataniel L Figueroa
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marina Gil Sendra
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Arne Wickenbrock
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthew Lawson
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 23, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Teng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronics, and Center for Quantum Information Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haosu Luo
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Hamdi Mani
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Philip Mauskopf
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Peter W Graham
- Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Surjeet Rajendran
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Derek F Jackson Kimball
- Department of Physics, California State University-East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - Alexander O Sushkov
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Ng KK, Hannuksela OA, Vitale S, Li TG. Searching for ultralight bosons within spin measurements of a population of binary black hole mergers. Int J Clin Exp Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.103.063010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Simanovskaia M, Droster A, Jackson H, Urdinaran I, van Bibber K. A symmetric multi-rod tunable microwave cavity for a microwave cavity dark matter axion search. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:033305. [PMID: 33820018 DOI: 10.1063/5.0016125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The microwave cavity technique is currently the most sensitive way of looking for dark matter axions in the 0.1 GHz-10 GHz range, corresponding to masses of 0.41 µeV-41 µeV. A particular challenge for frequencies greater than 5 GHz is designing a cavity with a large volume that contains a resonant mode that shows high coupling to dark matter axions, a high quality factor, is broadly tunable, and is free from intruder modes. For the Haloscope at Yale Sensitive to Axion Cold dark matter, we have designed and constructed an optimized high frequency cavity with a tuning mechanism that preserves a high degree of rotational symmetry, critical to maximizing its figure of merit. This cavity covers an important frequency range according to recent theoretical estimates for the axion mass, 5.5 GHz-7.4 GHz, and the design appears extendable to higher frequencies as well. This paper will discuss key design and construction details of the cavity, present a summary of the design evolution, and alert practitioners of potentially unfruitful avenues for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Simanovskaia
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Alex Droster
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Heather Jackson
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Isabella Urdinaran
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Karl van Bibber
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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30
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Thomson CA, McAllister BT, Goryachev M, Ivanov EN, Tobar ME. Upconversion Loop Oscillator Axion Detection Experiment: A Precision Frequency Interferometric Axion Dark Matter Search with a Cylindrical Microwave Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:081803. [PMID: 33709759 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.081803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
First experimental results from a room-temperature tabletop phase-sensitive axion haloscope experiment are presented. The technique exploits the axion-photon coupling between two photonic resonator oscillators excited in a single cavity, allowing low-mass axions to be upconverted to microwave frequencies, acting as a source of frequency modulation on the microwave carriers. This new pathway to axion detection has certain advantages over the traditional haloscope method, particularly in targeting axions below 1 μeV (240 MHz) in energy. At the heart of the dual-mode oscillator, a tunable cylindrical microwave cavity supports a pair of orthogonally polarized modes (TM_{0,2,0} and TE_{0,1,1}), which, in general, enables simultaneous sensitivity to axions with masses corresponding to the sum and difference of the microwave frequencies. However, in the reported experiment, the configuration was such that the sum frequency sensitivity was suppressed, while the difference frequency sensitivity was enhanced. The results place axion exclusion limits between 7.44-19.38 neV, excluding a minimal coupling strength above 5×10^{-7} 1/GeV, after a measurement period of two and a half hours. We show that a state-of-the-art frequency-stabilized cryogenic implementation of this technique, ambitious but realizable, may achieve the best limits in a vast range of axion space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona A Thomson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Ben T McAllister
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Maxim Goryachev
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Eugene N Ivanov
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Michael E Tobar
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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32
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Backes KM, Palken DA, Kenany SA, Brubaker BM, Cahn SB, Droster A, Hilton GC, Ghosh S, Jackson H, Lamoreaux SK, Leder AF, Lehnert KW, Lewis SM, Malnou M, Maruyama RH, Rapidis NM, Simanovskaia M, Singh S, Speller DH, Urdinaran I, Vale LR, van Assendelft EC, van Bibber K, Wang H. A quantum enhanced search for dark matter axions. Nature 2021; 590:238-242. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Devlin JA, Borchert MJ, Erlewein S, Fleck M, Harrington JA, Latacz B, Warncke J, Wursten E, Bohman MA, Mooser AH, Smorra C, Wiesinger M, Will C, Blaum K, Matsuda Y, Ospelkaus C, Quint W, Walz J, Yamazaki Y, Ulmer S. Constraints on the Coupling between Axionlike Dark Matter and Photons Using an Antiproton Superconducting Tuned Detection Circuit in a Cryogenic Penning Trap. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:041301. [PMID: 33576660 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.041301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We constrain the coupling between axionlike particles (ALPs) and photons, measured with the superconducting resonant detection circuit of a cryogenic Penning trap. By searching the noise spectrum of our fixed-frequency resonant circuit for peaks caused by dark matter ALPs converting into photons in the strong magnetic field of the Penning-trap magnet, we are able to constrain the coupling of ALPs with masses around 2.7906-2.7914 neV/c^{2} to g_{aγ}<1×10^{-11} GeV^{-1}. This is more than one order of magnitude lower than the best laboratory haloscope and approximately 5 times lower than the CERN axion solar telescope (CAST), setting limits in a mass and coupling range which is not constrained by astrophysical observations. Our approach can be extended to many other Penning-trap experiments and has the potential to provide broad limits in the low ALP mass range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Devlin
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Matthias J Borchert
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Erlewein
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Markus Fleck
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - James A Harrington
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Latacz
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jan Warncke
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Elise Wursten
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Matthew A Bohman
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Mooser
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Smorra
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Wiesinger
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Will
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yasuyuki Matsuda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Christian Ospelkaus
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Quint
- GSI-Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jochen Walz
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yasunori Yamazaki
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Stefan Ulmer
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Buschmann M, Co RT, Dessert C, Safdi BR. Axion Emission Can Explain a New Hard X-Ray Excess from Nearby Isolated Neutron Stars. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:021102. [PMID: 33512228 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.021102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Axions may be produced thermally inside the cores of neutron stars (NSs), escape the stars due to their feeble interactions with matter, and subsequently convert into x rays in the magnetic fields surrounding the stars. We show that a recently discovered excess of hard x-ray emission in the 2-8 keV energy range from the nearby magnificent seven isolated NSs could be explained by this emission mechanism. These NSs are unique in that they had previously been expected to only produce observable flux in the UV and soft x-ray bands from thermal surface emission at temperatures ∼100 eV. No conventional astrophysical explanation of the magnificent seven hard x-ray excess exists at present. We show that the hard x-ray excess may be consistently explained by an axionlike particle with mass m_{a}≲2×10^{-5} eV and g_{aγγ}×g_{ann}∈(2×10^{-21},10^{-18}) GeV^{-1} at 95% confidence, accounting for both statistical and theoretical uncertainties, where g_{aγγ} (g_{ann}) is the axion-photon (axion-neutron) coupling constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Buschmann
- Leinweber Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Raymond T Co
- Leinweber Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 USA
- William I. Fine Theoretical Physics Institute, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Christopher Dessert
- Leinweber Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Theoretical Physics Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Benjamin R Safdi
- Leinweber Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Theoretical Physics Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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35
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Ivanov BI, Volkhin DI, Novikov IL, Pitsun DK, Moskalev DO, Rodionov IA, Il’ichev E, Vostretsov AG. A wideband cryogenic microwave low-noise amplifier. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:1484-1491. [PMID: 33083196 PMCID: PMC7537378 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A broadband low-noise four-stage high-electron-mobility transistor amplifier was designed and characterized in a cryogen-free dilution refrigerator at the 3.8 K temperature stage. The obtained power dissipation of the amplifier is below 20 mW. In the frequency range from 6 to 12 GHz its gain exceeds 30 dB. The equivalent noise temperature of the amplifier is below 6 K for the presented frequency range. The amplifier is applicable for any type of cryogenic microwave measurements. As an example we demonstrate here the characterization of the superconducting X-mon qubit coupled to an on-chip coplanar waveguide resonator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris I Ivanov
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, K.Marx-Av.20, Novosibirsk, 630073, Russia
| | - Dmitri I Volkhin
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, K.Marx-Av.20, Novosibirsk, 630073, Russia
| | - Ilya L Novikov
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, K.Marx-Av.20, Novosibirsk, 630073, Russia
| | - Dmitri K Pitsun
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, K.Marx-Av.20, Novosibirsk, 630073, Russia
| | - Dmitri O Moskalev
- FMN Laboratory, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2-nd Baumanskaya str. 5, Moscow, 105005, Russia
- Dukhov Automatics Research Institute, (VNIIA), 22 ul. Sushchevskaya, Moscow, Russia, 127055
| | - Ilya A Rodionov
- FMN Laboratory, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2-nd Baumanskaya str. 5, Moscow, 105005, Russia
- Dukhov Automatics Research Institute, (VNIIA), 22 ul. Sushchevskaya, Moscow, Russia, 127055
| | - Evgeni Il’ichev
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, K.Marx-Av.20, Novosibirsk, 630073, Russia
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, PO Box 100239, D-07702 Jena, Germany
| | - Aleksey G Vostretsov
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, K.Marx-Av.20, Novosibirsk, 630073, Russia
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36
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Darling J. Search for Axionic Dark Matter Using the Magnetar PSR J1745-2900. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:121103. [PMID: 33016719 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.121103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on a search for dark matter axion conversion photons from the magnetosphere of the Galactic Center magnetar PSR J1745-2900 using spectra obtained from the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (the National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc.). No significant spectral features are detected. Using a hybrid model for PSR J1745-2900 and canonical assumptions about the dark matter density profile, we exclude axion models with axion-photon coupling g_{aγγ}>6-34×10^{-12} GeV^{-1} with 95% confidence over the mass ranges 4.2-8.4, 18.6-26.9, 33.0-41.4, 53.7-62.1, and 126.0-159.3 μeV. If there is a dark matter cusp, the limits reduce to g_{aγγ}>6-34×10^{-14} GeV^{-1}, which overlap some axion models for the observed mass ranges >33 μeV. These limits may be improved by modeling the stimulated emission that can boost the axion-photon conversion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Darling
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, 389 UCB Boulder, Colorado 80309-0389, USA
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38
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Alesini D, Braggio C, Carugno G, Crescini N, D'Agostino D, Di Gioacchino D, Di Vora R, Falferi P, Gambardella U, Gatti C, Iannone G, Ligi C, Lombardi A, Maccarrone G, Ortolan A, Pengo R, Pira C, Rettaroli A, Ruoso G, Taffarello L, Tocci S. High quality factor photonic cavity for dark matter axion searches. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:094701. [PMID: 33003802 DOI: 10.1063/5.0003878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Searches for dark matter axions involve the use of microwave resonant cavities operating in a strong magnetic field. Detector sensitivity is directly related to the cavity quality factor, which is limited, until recently, to the use of non-superconducting metals by the presence of the external magnetic field. In this paper, we present a cavity of novel design whose quality factor is not affected by a magnetic field. It is based on a photonic structure by the use of sapphire rods. The quality factor at cryogenic temperature is in excess of 5 × 105 for a selected mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Alesini
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - C Braggio
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Carugno
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - N Crescini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D D'Agostino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - D Di Gioacchino
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - R Di Vora
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P Falferi
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR, Fondazione Bruno Kessler and INFN - TIFPA, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - U Gambardella
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - C Gatti
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - G Iannone
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - C Ligi
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - A Lombardi
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale Dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - G Maccarrone
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - A Ortolan
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale Dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - R Pengo
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale Dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - C Pira
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale Dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - A Rettaroli
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - G Ruoso
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale Dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - L Taffarello
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Tocci
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
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39
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Gelmini GB, Millar AJ, Takhistov V, Vitagliano E. Probing dark photons with plasma haloscopes. Int J Clin Exp Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.102.043003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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40
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Bollig R, DeRocco W, Graham PW, Janka HT. Muons in Supernovae: Implications for the Axion-Muon Coupling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:051104. [PMID: 32794860 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.051104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The high temperature and electron degeneracy attained during a supernova allow for the formation of a large muon abundance within the core of the resulting protoneutron star. If new pseudoscalar degrees of freedom have large couplings to the muon, they can be produced by this muon abundance and contribute to the cooling of the star. By generating the largest collection of supernova simulations with muons to date, we show that observations of the cooling rate of SN 1987A place strong constraints on the coupling of axionlike particles to muons, limiting the coupling to g_{aμ}<10^{-8.1} GeV^{-1}.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bollig
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - William DeRocco
- Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Peter W Graham
- Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Hans-Thomas Janka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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41
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Ghirri A, Cornia S, Affronte M. Microwave Photon Detectors Based on Semiconducting Double Quantum Dots. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:s20144010. [PMID: 32707648 PMCID: PMC7412044 DOI: 10.3390/s20144010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Detectors of microwave photons find applications in different fields ranging from security to cosmology. Due to the intrinsic difficulties related to the detection of vanishingly small energy quanta ℏ ω , significant portions of the microwave electromagnetic spectrum are still uncovered by suitable techniques. No prevailing technology has clearly emerged yet, although different solutions have been tested in different contexts. Here, we focus on semiconductor quantum dots, which feature wide tunability by external gate voltages and scalability for large architectures. We discuss possible pathways for the development of microwave photon detectors based on photon-assisted tunneling in semiconducting double quantum dot circuits. In particular, we consider implementations based on either broadband transmission lines or resonant cavities, and we discuss how developments in charge sensing techniques and hybrid architectures may be beneficial for the development of efficient photon detectors in the microwave range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ghirri
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, via Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.C.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Samuele Cornia
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, via Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.C.); (M.A.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Affronte
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, via Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.C.); (M.A.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
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42
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Dent JB, Dutta B, Kim D, Liao S, Mahapatra R, Sinha K, Thompson A. New Directions for Axion Searches via Scattering at Reactor Neutrino Experiments. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:211804. [PMID: 32530700 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.211804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Searches for pseudoscalar axionlike-particles (ALPs) typically rely on their decay in beam dumps or their conversion into photons in haloscopes and helioscopes. We point out a new experimental direction for ALP probes via their production by the intense gamma ray flux available from megawatt-scale nuclear reactors at neutrino experiments through Primakoff-like or Compton-like channels. Low-threshold detectors in close proximity to the core will have visibility to ALP decays and inverse Primakoff and Compton scattering, providing sensitivity to the ALP-photon and ALP-electron couplings. We find that the sensitivity to these couplings at the ongoing MINER and various other reactor based neutrino experiments, e.g., CONNIE, CONUS, ν-cleus, etc., exceeds existing limits set by laboratory experiments and, for the ALP-electron coupling, we forecast the world's best laboratory-based constraints over a large portion of the sub-MeV ALP mass range.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Dent
- Department of Physics, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas 77341, USA
| | - Bhaskar Dutta
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - Doojin Kim
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - Shu Liao
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - Rupak Mahapatra
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - Kuver Sinha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Adrian Thompson
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
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43
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Edwards TDP, Chianese M, Kavanagh BJ, Nissanke SM, Weniger C. Unique Multimessenger Signal of QCD Axion Dark Matter. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:161101. [PMID: 32383893 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.161101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We propose a multimessenger probe of QCD axion dark matter based on observations of black hole-neutron star binary inspirals. It is suggested that a dense dark matter spike may grow around intermediate mass black holes (10^{3}-10^{5} M_{⊙}). The presence of such a spike produces two unique effects: a distinct phase shift in the gravitational wave strain during the inspiral and an enhancement of the radio emission due to the resonant axion-photon conversion occurring in the neutron star magnetosphere throughout the inspiral and merger. Remarkably, the observation of the gravitational wave signal can be used to infer the dark matter density and, consequently, to predict the radio emission. We study the projected reach of the LISA interferometer and next-generation radio telescopes such as the Square Kilometre Array. Given a sufficiently nearby system, such observations will potentially allow for the detection of QCD axion dark matter in the mass range 10^{-7} eV to 10^{-5} eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D P Edwards
- Gravitation Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam (GRAPPA), Institute for Theoretical Physics Amsterdam and Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GL Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marco Chianese
- Gravitation Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam (GRAPPA), Institute for Theoretical Physics Amsterdam and Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GL Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bradley J Kavanagh
- Gravitation Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam (GRAPPA), Institute for Theoretical Physics Amsterdam and Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GL Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Samaya M Nissanke
- Gravitation Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam (GRAPPA), Institute for Theoretical Physics Amsterdam and Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GL Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christoph Weniger
- Gravitation Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam (GRAPPA), Institute for Theoretical Physics Amsterdam and Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GL Amsterdam, Netherlands
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44
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Buschmann M, Foster JW, Safdi BR. Early-Universe Simulations of the Cosmological Axion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:161103. [PMID: 32383908 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.161103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultracompact dark matter (DM) minihalos at masses at and below 10^{-12} M_{⊙} arise in axion DM models where the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry is broken after inflation. The minihalos arise from density perturbations that are generated from the nontrivial axion self-interactions during and shortly after the collapse of the axion-string and domain-wall network. We perform high-resolution simulations of this scenario starting at the epoch before the PQ phase transition and ending at matter-radiation equality. We characterize the spectrum of primordial perturbations that are generated and comment on implications for efforts to detect axion DM. We also measure the DM density at different simulated masses and argue that the correct DM density is obtained for m_{a}=25.2±11.0 μeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Buschmann
- Leinweber Center for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Joshua W Foster
- Leinweber Center for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Benjamin R Safdi
- Leinweber Center for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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45
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Lee S, Ahn S, Choi J, Ko BR, Semertzidis YK. Axion Dark Matter Search around 6.7 μeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:101802. [PMID: 32216429 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.101802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An axion dark matter search with the CAPP-8TB haloscope is reported. Our results are sensitive to axion-photon coupling g_{aγγ} down to the QCD axion band over the axion mass range between 6.62 and 6.82 μeV at a 90% confidence level, which is the most sensitive result in the mass range to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lee
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - S Ahn
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - J Choi
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - B R Ko
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Y K Semertzidis
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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46
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Overview of the Cosmic Axion Spin Precession Experiment (CASPEr). MICROWAVE CAVITIES AND DETECTORS FOR AXION RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43761-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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47
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Lawson M, Millar AJ, Pancaldi M, Vitagliano E, Wilczek F. Tunable Axion Plasma Haloscopes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:141802. [PMID: 31702176 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.141802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new strategy for searching for dark matter axions using tunable cryogenic plasmas. Unlike current experiments, which repair the mismatch between axion and photon masses by breaking translational invariance (cavity and dielectric haloscopes), a plasma haloscope enables resonant conversion by matching the axion mass to a plasma frequency. A key advantage is that the plasma frequency is unrelated to the physical size of the device, allowing large conversion volumes. We identify wire metamaterials as a promising candidate plasma, wherein the plasma frequency can be tuned by varying the interwire spacing. For realistic experimental sizes, we estimate competitive sensitivity for axion masses of 35-400 μeV, at least.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Lawson
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 23, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander J Millar
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 23, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matteo Pancaldi
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edoardo Vitagliano
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), Föhringer Ring 6, 80805 München, Germany
| | - Frank Wilczek
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 23, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- T. D. Lee Institute, Shanghai 200240, China
- Wilczek Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Physics and Origins Project, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 25287, USA
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48
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Garcon A, Blanchard JW, Centers GP, Figueroa NL, Graham PW, Jackson Kimball DF, Rajendran S, Sushkov AO, Stadnik YV, Wickenbrock A, Wu T, Budker D. Constraints on bosonic dark matter from ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax4539. [PMID: 31692765 PMCID: PMC6814373 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax4539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The nature of dark matter, the invisible substance making up over 80% of the matter in the universe, is one of the most fundamental mysteries of modern physics. Ultralight bosons such as axions, axion-like particles, or dark photons could make up most of the dark matter. Couplings between such bosons and nuclear spins may enable their direct detection via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy: As nuclear spins move through the galactic dark-matter halo, they couple to dark matter and behave as if they were in an oscillating magnetic field, generating a dark-matter-driven NMR signal. As part of the cosmic axion spin precession experiment (CASPEr), an NMR-based dark-matter search, we use ultralow-field NMR to probe the axion-fermion "wind" coupling and dark-photon couplings to nuclear spins. No dark matter signal was detected above background, establishing new experimental bounds for dark matter bosons with masses ranging from 1.8 × 10-16 to 7.8 × 10-14 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Garcon
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz 55099, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Gary P. Centers
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz 55099, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nataniel L. Figueroa
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz 55099, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter W. Graham
- Department of Physics, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Surjeet Rajendran
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, USA
| | | | - Yevgeny V. Stadnik
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz 55099, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Arne Wickenbrock
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz 55099, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Teng Wu
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz 55099, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz 55099, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, USA
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49
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Arza A, Sikivie P. Production and Detection of an Axion Dark Matter Echo. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:131804. [PMID: 31697522 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.131804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic radiation with angular frequency equal to half the axion mass stimulates the decay of cold dark matter axions and produces an echo, i.e., faint electromagnetic radiation traveling in the opposite direction. We propose to search for axion dark matter by sending out to space a powerful beam of microwave radiation and listening for its echo. We estimate the sensitivity of this technique in the isothermal and caustic ring models of the Milky Way halo and find it to be a promising approach to axion, or axionlike, dark matter detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Arza
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Pierre Sikivie
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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50
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Dessert C, Long AJ, Safdi BR. X-Ray Signatures of Axion Conversion in Magnetic White Dwarf Stars. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:061104. [PMID: 31491151 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.061104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
White dwarf (WD) stars may radiate keV-energy axions produced in their stellar cores. This has been extensively studied as an extra channel by which WDs may cool, with some analyses even suggesting that axions can help explain the observed WD luminosity function. We show that the radiated axions may convert into x rays in the strong magnetic fields surrounding the WDs, leading to observable x-ray signatures. We use Suzaku observations of the WD RE J0317-853 to set the strongest constraints to date on the combination of the axion-electron (g_{aee}) times axion-photon (g_{aγγ}) couplings, and we show that dedicated observations of magnetic WDs by telescopes such as Chandra, XMM-Newton, and NuSTAR could increase the sensitivity to |g_{aee}g_{aγγ}| by over an order of magnitude, allowing for a definitive test of the axionlike-particle explanation of the stellar cooling anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Dessert
- Leinweber Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Andrew J Long
- Leinweber Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin R Safdi
- Leinweber Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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