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Chen HY, Talbot C, Chase EA. Mitigating the Counterpart Selection Effect for Standard Sirens. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:191003. [PMID: 38804944 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.191003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The disagreement in the Hubble constant measured by different cosmological probes highlights the need for a better understanding of the observations or new physics. The standard siren method, a novel approach using gravitational-wave observations to determine the distance to binary mergers, has great potential to provide an independent measurement of the Hubble constant and shed light on the tension in the next few years. To realize this goal, we must thoroughly understand the sources of potential systematic bias of standard sirens. Among the known sources of systematic uncertainties, selection effects originating from electromagnetic counterpart observations of gravitational-wave sources may dominate the measurements with percent-level bias and no method to mitigate this effect is currently established. In this Letter, we develop a new formalism to mitigate the counterpart selection effect. We show that our formalism can reduce the systematic uncertainty of standard siren Hubble constant measurement to less than the statistical uncertainty with a simulated population of 200 observations (≲1%) for a realistic electromagnetic emission model. We conclude with how to apply our formalism to different electromagnetic emissions and observing scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Colm Talbot
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Mssachusetts 02139, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, The University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Eve A Chase
- Center for Theoretical Astrophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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2
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Inoue Y, Hsieh BH, Chen KH, Chu YK, Ito K, Kozakai C, Shishido T, Tomigami Y, Akutsu T, Haino S, Izumi K, Kajita T, Kanda N, Lin CS, Lin FK, Moriwaki Y, Ogaki W, Pang HF, Sawada T, Tomaru T, Suzuki T, Tsuchida S, Ushiba T, Washimi T, Yamamoto T, Yokozawa T. Development of advanced photon calibrator for Kamioka gravitational wave detector (KAGRA). THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:074502. [PMID: 37498166 DOI: 10.1063/5.0147888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The Kamioka Gravitational wave detector (KAGRA) cryogenic gravitational-wave observatory has commenced joint observations with the worldwide gravitational wave detector network. Precise calibration of the detector response is essential for accurately estimating parameters of gravitational wave sources. A photon calibrator is a crucial calibration tool used in laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatory, Virgo, and KAGRA, and it was utilized in joint observation 3 with GEO600 in Germany in April 2020. In this paper, KAGRA implemented three key enhancements: a high-power laser, a power stabilization system, and remote beam position control. KAGRA employs a 20 W laser divided into two beams that are injected onto the mirror surface. By utilizing a high-power laser, the response of the detector at kHz frequencies can be calibrated. To independently control the power of each laser beam, an optical follower servo was installed for power stabilization. The optical path of the photon calibrator's beam positions was controlled using pico-motors, allowing for the characterization of the detector's rotation response. Additionally, a telephoto camera and quadrant photodetectors were installed to monitor beam positions, and beam position control was implemented to optimize the mirror response. In this paper, we discuss the statistical errors associated with the measurement of relative power noise. We also address systematic errors related to the power calibration model of the photon calibrator and the simulation of elastic deformation effects using finite element analysis. Ultimately, we have successfully reduced the total systematic error from the photon calibrator to 2.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Inoue
- Physics Department, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- Center for High Energy and High Field Physics (CHiP), National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - B H Hsieh
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - K H Chen
- Physics Department, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- Center for High Energy and High Field Physics (CHiP), National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- Molecular Sciences and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, National Central University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Y K Chu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - K Ito
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - C Kozakai
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Shishido
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan
| | - Y Tomigami
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - T Akutsu
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 181-8588 Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Haino
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - K Izumi
- JAXA Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-0222, Japan
| | - T Kajita
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - N Kanda
- Physics Department, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - C S Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - F K Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Y Moriwaki
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - W Ogaki
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - H F Pang
- Physics Department, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- Center for High Energy and High Field Physics (CHiP), National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - T Sawada
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - T Tomaru
- Physics Department, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan
| | - T Suzuki
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - S Tsuchida
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - T Ushiba
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - T Washimi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Yamamoto
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - T Yokozawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
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Cai RG, Guo ZK, Wang SJ, Yu WW, Zhou Y. No-go guide for late-time solutions to the Hubble tension: Matter perturbations. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.063519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Gómez-Valent A. Fast test to assess the impact of marginalization in Monte Carlo analyses and its application to cosmology. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.063506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Mozzon S, Ashton G, Nuttall LK, Williamson AR. Does nonstationary noise in LIGO and Virgo affect the estimation of
H0
? Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.043504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Multi-Messenger Constraints on the Hubble Constant Through Combination of Gravitational Waves, Gamma-Ray Bursts and Kilonovae from Neutron Star Mergers. UNIVERSE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/universe8050289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The simultaneous detection of gravitational waves and light from the binary neutron star merger GW170817 led to independent measurements of distance and redshift, providing a direct estimate of the Hubble constant H0 that does not rely on a cosmic distance ladder, nor assumes a specific cosmological model. By using gravitational waves as “standard sirens”, this approach holds promise to arbitrate the existing tension between the H0 value inferred from the cosmic microwave background and those obtained from local measurements. However, the known degeneracy in the gravitational-wave analysis between distance and inclination of the source led to a H0 value from GW170817 that was not precise enough to resolve the existing tension. In this review, we summarize recent works exploiting the viewing-angle dependence of the electromagnetic signal, namely the associated short gamma-ray burst and kilonova, to constrain the system inclination and improve on H0. We outline the key ingredients of the different methods, summarize the results obtained in the aftermath of GW170817 and discuss the possible systematics introduced by each of these methods.
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Abbott T, Aguena M, Alarcon A, Allam S, Alves O, Amon A, Andrade-Oliveira F, Annis J, Avila S, Bacon D, Baxter E, Bechtol K, Becker M, Bernstein G, Bhargava S, Birrer S, Blazek J, Brandao-Souza A, Bridle S, Brooks D, Buckley-Geer E, Burke D, Camacho H, Campos A, Carnero Rosell A, Carrasco Kind M, Carretero J, Castander F, Cawthon R, Chang C, Chen A, Chen R, Choi A, Conselice C, Cordero J, Costanzi M, Crocce M, da Costa L, da Silva Pereira M, Davis C, Davis T, De Vicente J, DeRose J, Desai S, Di Valentino E, Diehl H, Dietrich J, Dodelson S, Doel P, Doux C, Drlica-Wagner A, Eckert K, Eifler T, Elsner F, Elvin-Poole J, Everett S, Evrard A, Fang X, Farahi A, Fernandez E, Ferrero I, Ferté A, Fosalba P, Friedrich O, Frieman J, García-Bellido J, Gatti M, Gaztanaga E, Gerdes D, Giannantonio T, Giannini G, Gruen D, Gruendl R, Gschwend J, Gutierrez G, Harrison I, Hartley W, Herner K, Hinton S, Hollowood D, Honscheid K, Hoyle B, Huff E, Huterer D, Jain B, James D, Jarvis M, Jeffrey N, Jeltema T, Kovacs A, Krause E, Kron R, Kuehn K, Kuropatkin N, Lahav O, Leget PF, Lemos P, Liddle A, Lidman C, Lima M, Lin H, MacCrann N, Maia M, Marshall J, Martini P, McCullough J, Melchior P, Mena-Fernández J, Menanteau F, Miquel R, Mohr J, Morgan R, Muir J, Myles J, Nadathur S, Navarro-Alsina A, Nichol R, Ogando R, Omori Y, Palmese A, Pandey S, Park Y, Paz-Chinchón F, Petravick D, Pieres A, Plazas Malagón A, Porredon A, Prat J, Raveri M, Rodriguez-Monroy M, Rollins R, Romer A, Roodman A, Rosenfeld R, Ross A, Rykoff E, Samuroff S, Sánchez C, Sanchez E, Sanchez J, Sanchez Cid D, Scarpine V, Schubnell M, Scolnic D, Secco L, Serrano S, Sevilla-Noarbe I, Sheldon E, Shin T, Smith M, Soares-Santos M, Suchyta E, Swanson M, Tabbutt M, Tarle G, Thomas D, To C, Troja A, Troxel M, Tucker D, Tutusaus I, Varga T, Walker A, Weaverdyck N, Wechsler R, Weller J, Yanny B, Yin B, Zhang Y, Zuntz J. Dark Energy Survey Year 3 results: Cosmological constraints from galaxy clustering and weak lensing. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.023520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Feeney SM, Peiris HV, Nissanke SM, Mortlock DJ. Prospects for Measuring the Hubble Constant with Neutron-Star-Black-Hole Mergers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:171102. [PMID: 33988410 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.171102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gravitational wave (GW) and electromagnetic (EM) observations of neutron-star-black-hole (NSBH) mergers can provide precise local measurements of the Hubble constant (H_{0}), ideal for resolving the current H_{0} tension. We perform end-to-end analyses of realistic populations of simulated NSBHs, incorporating both GW and EM selection for the first time. We show that NSBHs could achieve unbiased 1.5%-2.4% precision H_{0} estimates by 2030. The achievable precision is strongly affected by the details of spin precession and tidal disruption, highlighting the need for improved modeling of NSBH mergers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Feeney
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Hiranya V Peiris
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Samaya M Nissanke
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Mortlock
- Astrophysics Group, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Mukherjee S, Wandelt BD, Nissanke SM, Silvestri A. Accurate precision cosmology with redshift unknown gravitational wave sources. Int J Clin Exp Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.103.043520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Chen HY. Systematic Uncertainty of Standard Sirens from the Viewing Angle of Binary Neutron Star Inspirals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:201301. [PMID: 33258636 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.201301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The independent measurement of the Hubble constant with gravitational-wave standard sirens will potentially shed light on the tension between the local distance ladders and Planck experiments. Therefore, thorough understanding of the sources of systematic uncertainty for the standard siren method is crucial. In this Letter, we focus on two scenarios that will potentially dominate the systematic uncertainty of standard sirens. First, simulations of electromagnetic counterparts of binary neutron star mergers suggest aspherical emissions, so the binaries available for the standard siren method can be selected by their viewing angles. This selection effect can lead to ≳2% bias in Hubble constant measurement even with mild selection. Second, if the binary viewing angles are constrained by the electromagnetic counterpart observations but the bias of the constraints is not controlled under ∼10°, the resulting systematic uncertainty in the Hubble constant will be >3%. In addition, we find that both of the systematics cannot be properly removed by the viewing angle measurement from gravitational-wave observations. Comparing to the known dominant systematic uncertainty for standard sirens, the ≤2% gravitational-wave calibration uncertainty, the effects from the viewing angle appear to be more significant. Therefore, the systematic uncertainty from the viewing angle might be a major challenge before the standard sirens can resolve the tension in the Hubble constant, which is currently ∼9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Chen
- Black Hole Initiative, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA; LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA; and Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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11
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Prospects for improving cosmological parameter estimation with gravitational-wave standard sirens from Taiji. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:1340-1348. [PMID: 36659212 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Taiji, a space-based gravitational-wave observatory, consists of three satellites forming an equilateral triangle with arm length of 3×106 km, orbiting around the Sun. Taiji is able to observe the gravitational-wave standard siren events of massive black hole binary (MBHB) merger, which is helpful in probing the expansion of the universe. In this paper, we preliminarily forecast the capability of Taiji for improving cosmological parameter estimation with the gravitational-wave standard siren data. We simulate five-year standard siren data based on three fiducial cosmological models and three models of MBHB's formation and growth. It is found that the standard siren data from Taiji can effectively break the cosmological parameter degeneracies generated by the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies data, especially for dynamical dark energy models. The constraints on cosmological parameters are significantly improved by the data combination CMB + Taiji, compared to the CMB data alone. Compared to the current optical cosmological observations, Taiji can still provide help in improving the cosmological parameter estimation to some extent. In addition, we consider an ideal scenario to investigate the potential of Taiji on constraining cosmological parameters. We conclude that the standard sirens of MBHB from Taiji will become a powerful cosmological probe in the future.
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13
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GW190814: Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a 23 Solar Mass Black Hole with a 2.6 Solar Mass Compact Object. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab960f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 725] [Impact Index Per Article: 181.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Bernal JL, Breysse PC, Kovetz ED. Cosmic Expansion History from Line-Intensity Mapping. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:251301. [PMID: 31922807 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.251301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Line-intensity mapping (LIM) of emission from star-forming galaxies can be used to measure the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) scale as far back as the epoch of reionization. This provides a standard cosmic ruler to constrain the expansion rate of the Universe at redshifts which cannot be directly probed otherwise. In light of growing tension between measurements of the current expansion rate using the local distance ladder and those inferred from the cosmic microwave background, extending the constraints on the expansion history to bridge between the late and early Universe is of paramount importance. Using a newly derived methodology to robustly extract cosmological information from LIM, which minimizes the inherent degeneracy with unknown astrophysics, we show that present and future experiments can gradually improve the measurement precision of the expansion rate history, ultimately reaching percent-level constraints on the BAO scale. Specifically, we provide detailed forecasts for the SPHEREx satellite, which will target the Hα and Lyman-α lines, for a near-future stage-2 experiment targeting CII, and for the ground-based COMAP instrument-as well as a future stage-3 experiment-that will target the CO rotational lines. Besides weighing in on the so-called Hubble tension, reliable LIM cosmic rulers can enable wide-ranging tests of dark matter, dark energy, and modified gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Bernal
- ICC, University of Barcelona, IEEC-UB, Martí i Franquès 1, E08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Dept. de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, E08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), E08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrick C Breysse
- Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H8, Canada
| | - Ely D Kovetz
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
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15
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Handley W, Lemos P. Quantifying tensions in cosmological parameters: Interpreting the DES evidence ratio. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.043504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Zimmerman A, Haster CJ, Chatziioannou K. On combining information from multiple gravitational wave sources. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.99.124044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Sounds Discordant: Classical Distance Ladder and ΛCDM-based Determinations of the Cosmological Sound Horizon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab0898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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