1
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Kim Y, Jeong J, Youn S, Bae S, Lee K, van Loo AF, Nakamura Y, Oh S, Seong T, Uchaikin S, Kim JE, Semertzidis YK. Experimental Search for Invisible Dark Matter Axions around 22 μeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:051802. [PMID: 39159122 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.051802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
The axion has emerged as the most attractive solution to two fundamental questions in modern physics related to the charge-parity invariance in strong interactions and the invisible matter component of our Universe. Over the past decade, there have been many theoretical efforts to constrain the axion mass based on various cosmological assumptions. Interestingly, different approaches from independent groups produce good overlap between 20 and 30 μeV. We performed an experimental search to probe the presence of dark matter axions within this particular mass region. The experiment utilized a multicell cavity haloscope embedded in a 12 T magnetic field to seek for microwave signals induced by the axion-photon coupling. The results ruled out the KSVZ axions as dark matter over a mass range between 21.86 and 22.00 μeV at a 90% confidence level. This represents a sensitive experimental search guided by specific theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younggeun Kim
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Junu Jeong
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - SungWoo Youn
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjae Bae
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwoong Lee
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Seonjeong Oh
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyeon Seong
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Sergey Uchaikin
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yannis K Semertzidis
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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2
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Agrawal A, Dixit AV, Roy T, Chakram S, He K, Naik RK, Schuster DI, Chou A. Stimulated Emission of Signal Photons from Dark Matter Waves. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:140801. [PMID: 38640371 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.140801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The manipulation of quantum states of light has resulted in significant advancements in both dark matter searches and gravitational wave detectors. Current dark matter searches operating in the microwave frequency range use nearly quantum-limited amplifiers. Future high frequency searches will use photon counting techniques to evade the standard quantum limit. We present a signal enhancement technique that utilizes a superconducting qubit to prepare a superconducting microwave cavity in a nonclassical Fock state and stimulate the emission of a photon from a dark matter wave. By initializing the cavity in an |n=4⟩ Fock state, we demonstrate a quantum enhancement technique that increases the signal photon rate and hence also the dark matter scan rate each by a factor of 2.78. Using this technique, we conduct a dark photon search in a band around 5.965 GHz (24.67 μeV), where the kinetic mixing angle ε≥4.35×10^{-13} is excluded at the 90% confidence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Agrawal
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Akash V Dixit
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Tanay Roy
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Srivatsan Chakram
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Kevin He
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Ravi K Naik
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - David I Schuster
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Aaron Chou
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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3
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Gardner JW, Gefen T, Haine SA, Hope JJ, Chen Y. Achieving the Fundamental Quantum Limit of Linear Waveform Estimation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:130801. [PMID: 38613279 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.130801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Sensing a classical signal using a linear quantum device is a pervasive application of quantum-enhanced measurement. The fundamental precision limits of linear waveform estimation, however, are not fully understood. In certain cases, there is an unexplained gap between the known waveform-estimation quantum Cramér-Rao bound and the optimal sensitivity from quadrature measurement of the outgoing mode from the device. We resolve this gap by establishing the fundamental precision limit, the waveform-estimation Holevo Cramér-Rao bound, and how to achieve it using a nonstationary measurement. We apply our results to detuned gravitational-wave interferometry to accelerate the search for postmerger remnants from binary neutron-star mergers. If we have an unequal weighting between estimating the signal's power and phase, then we propose how to further improve the signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of sqrt[2] using this nonstationary measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Gardner
- OzGrav-ANU, Centre for Gravitational Astrophysics, Research Schools of Physics, and of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
- Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Tuvia Gefen
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Simon A Haine
- Department of Quantum Science and Technology and Department of Fundamental and Theoretical Physics, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Joseph J Hope
- Department of Quantum Science and Technology and Department of Fundamental and Theoretical Physics, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Yanbei Chen
- Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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4
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Zhang Y. Imperfect Axion Precludes the Domain Wall Problem. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:081003. [PMID: 38457739 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.081003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The QCD axion needs not be an exact pseudoscalar for solving the strong CP problem. Its imperfectness can play a profound role cosmologically. We propose effective operators, where the Peccei-Quinn field linearly couples to standard model particles, provide a dynamical solution to the domain wall problem that prevails in postinflationary axion models with discrete symmetry. Such interactions generate a thermal potential that drives the axion field to a universal value throughout the Universe at high temperatures thus preventing the birth of domain walls when the QCD potential switches on. We discuss generic conditions for this mechanism to work and several concrete examples. Combining with existing electric dipole moment and fifth force constraints, a lower bound on the axion mass is obtained around 10^{-5} eV. Our findings make a strong case for complementary axion searches with both quality preserving and violating interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
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5
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Batra A, Câmara HB, Joaquim FR, Srivastava R, Valle JWF. Axion Paradigm with Color-Mediated Neutrino Masses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:051801. [PMID: 38364158 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.051801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
We propose a generalized Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov-type axion framework in which colored fermions and scalars act as two-loop Majorana neutrino-mass mediators. The global Peccei-Quinn symmetry under which exotic fermions are charged solves the strong CP problem. Within our general proposal, various setups can be distinguished by probing the axion-to-photon coupling at helioscopes and haloscopes. We also comment on axion dark-matter production in the early Universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Batra
- Departamento de Física and CFTP, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - H B Câmara
- Departamento de Física and CFTP, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - F R Joaquim
- Departamento de Física and CFTP, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - J W F Valle
- AHEP Group, Institut de Física Corpuscular-CSIC/Universitat de València, Parc Científic de Paterna. C/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 E-46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain
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6
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Quiskamp A, McAllister BT, Altin P, Ivanov EN, Goryachev M, Tobar ME. Exclusion of Axionlike-Particle Cogenesis Dark Matter in a Mass Window above 100 μeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:031601. [PMID: 38307052 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.031601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
We report the results of Phase 1b of the ORGAN experiment, a microwave cavity haloscope searching for dark matter axions in the 107.42-111.93 μeV mass range. The search excludes axions with two-photon coupling g_{aγγ}≥4×10^{-12} GeV^{-1} with 95% confidence interval, setting the best upper bound to date and with the required sensitivity to exclude the axionlike particle cogenesis model for dark matter in this range. This result was achieved using a tunable rectangular cavity, which mitigated several practical issues that become apparent when conducting high-mass axion searches, and was the first such axion search to be conducted with such a cavity. It also represents the most sensitive axion haloscope experiment to date in the ∼100 μeV mass region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Quiskamp
- Quantum Technologies and Dark Matter Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Ben T McAllister
- Quantum Technologies and Dark Matter Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Paul Altin
- ARC Centre of Excellence For Engineered Quantum Systems, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
| | - Eugene N Ivanov
- Quantum Technologies and Dark Matter Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Maxim Goryachev
- Quantum Technologies and Dark Matter Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Michael E Tobar
- Quantum Technologies and Dark Matter Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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7
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Liu CH, Harrison DC, Patel S, Wilen CD, Rafferty O, Shearrow A, Ballard A, Iaia V, Ku J, Plourde BLT, McDermott R. Quasiparticle Poisoning of Superconducting Qubits from Resonant Absorption of Pair-Breaking Photons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:017001. [PMID: 38242669 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.017001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The ideal superconductor provides a pristine environment for the delicate states of a quantum computer: because there is an energy gap to excitations, there are no spurious modes with which the qubits can interact, causing irreversible decay of the quantum state. As a practical matter, however, there exists a high density of excitations out of the superconducting ground state even at ultralow temperature; these are known as quasiparticles. Observed quasiparticle densities are of order 1 μm^{-3}, tens of orders of magnitude greater than the equilibrium density expected from theory. Nonequilibrium quasiparticles extract energy from the qubit mode and can induce dephasing. Here we show that a dominant mechanism for quasiparticle poisoning is direct absorption of high-energy photons at the qubit junction. We use a Josephson junction-based photon source to controllably dose qubit circuits with millimeter-wave radiation, and we use an interferometric quantum gate sequence to reconstruct the charge parity of the qubit. We find that the structure of the qubit itself acts as a resonant antenna for millimeter-wave radiation, providing an efficient path for photons to generate quasiparticles. A deep understanding of this physics will pave the way to realization of next-generation superconducting qubits that are robust against quasiparticle poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D C Harrison
- Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Patel
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - C D Wilen
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - O Rafferty
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Shearrow
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Ballard
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - V Iaia
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - J Ku
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - B L T Plourde
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - R McDermott
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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8
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Noordhuis D, Prabhu A, Witte SJ, Chen AY, Cruz F, Weniger C. Novel Constraints on Axions Produced in Pulsar Polar-Cap Cascades. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:111004. [PMID: 37774289 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.111004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Axions can be copiously produced in localized regions of neutron star magnetospheres where the ambient plasma is unable to efficiently screen the induced electric field. As these axions stream away from the neutron star they can resonantly transition into photons, generating a large broadband contribution to the neutron star's intrinsic radio flux. In this Letter, we develop a comprehensive end-to-end framework to model this process from the initial production of axions to the final detection of radio photons, and derive constraints on the axion-photon coupling, g_{aγγ}, using observations of 27 nearby pulsars. We study the modeling uncertainty in the sourced axion spectrum by comparing predictions from 2.5 dimensional particle-in-cell simulations with those derived using a semianalytic model; these results show remarkable agreement, leading to constraints on the axion-photon coupling that typically differ by a factor of no more than ∼2. The limits presented here are the strongest to date for axion masses 10^{-8} eV≲m_{a}≲10^{-5} eV, and crucially do not rely on the assumption that axions are dark matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dion Noordhuis
- GRAPPA Institute, Institute for Theoretical Physics Amsterdam and Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anirudh Prabhu
- Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Samuel J Witte
- GRAPPA Institute, Institute for Theoretical Physics Amsterdam and Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Y Chen
- Physics Department and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Fábio Cruz
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Inductiva Research Labs, Rua da Prata 80, 1100-420 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Christoph Weniger
- GRAPPA Institute, Institute for Theoretical Physics Amsterdam and Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Tan BK, Boussaha F, Chaumont C, Longden J, Navarro Montilla J. Engineering the thin film characteristics for optimal performance of superconducting kinetic inductance amplifiers using a rigorous modelling technique. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2023; 2:88. [PMID: 37767223 PMCID: PMC10521635 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.14860.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Background: Kinetic Inductance Travelling Wave Parametric Amplifiers (KITWPAs) are a variant of superconducting amplifier that can potentially achieve high gain with quantum-limited noise performance over broad bandwidth, which is important for many ultra-sensitive experiments. In this paper, we present a novel modelling technique that can better capture the electromagnetic behaviour of a KITWPA without the translation symmetry assumption, allowing us to flexibly explore the use of more complex transmission line structures and better predict their performance. Methods: In order to design a KITWPA with optimal performance, we investigate the use of different superconducting thin film materials, and compare their pros and cons in forming a high-gain low-loss medium feasible for amplification. We establish that if the film thickness can be controlled precisely, the material used has less impact on the performance of the device, as long as it is topologically defect-free and operating within its superconducting regime. With this insight, we propose the use of Titanium Nitride (TiN) film for our KITWPA as its critical temperature can be easily altered to suit our applications. We further investigate the topological effect of different commonly used superconducting transmission line structures with the TiN film, including the effect of various non-conducting materials required to form the amplifier. Results: Both of these comprehensive studies led us to two configurations of the KITWPA: 1) A low-loss 100 nm thick TiN coplanar waveguide amplifier, and 2) A compact 50 nm TiN inverted microstrip amplifier. We utilise the novel modelling technique described in the first part of the paper to explore and investigate the optimal design and operational setup required to achieve high gain with the broadest bandwidth for both KITWPAs, including the effect of loss. Conclusions: Finally, we conclude the paper with the actual layout and the predicted gain-bandwidth product of our KITWPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon-Kok Tan
- Department of Physics (Astrophysics), University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3RH, UK
| | - Faouzi Boussaha
- GEPI (CNRS UMR 8111), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Université, Paris, France
| | - Christine Chaumont
- GEPI (CNRS UMR 8111), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Université, Paris, France
| | - Joseph Longden
- Department of Physics (Astrophysics), University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3RH, UK
| | - Javier Navarro Montilla
- Department of Physics (Astrophysics), University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3RH, UK
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Nitta T, Braine T, Du N, Guzzetti M, Hanretty C, Leum G, Rosenberg LJ, Rybka G, Sinnis J, Clarke J, Siddiqi I, Awida MH, Chou AS, Hollister M, Knirck S, Sonnenschein A, Wester W, Gleason JR, Hipp AT, Sikivie P, Sullivan NS, Tanner DB, Khatiwada R, Carosi G, Robertson N, Duffy LD, Boutan C, Lentz E, Oblath NS, Taubman MS, Yang J, Daw EJ, Perry MG, Bartram C, Buckley JH, Gaikwad C, Hoffman J, Murch KW, Goryachev M, Hartman E, McAllister BT, Quiskamp A, Thomson C, Tobar ME, Dror JA, Murayama H, Rodd NL. Search for a Dark-Matter-Induced Cosmic Axion Background with ADMX. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:101002. [PMID: 37739367 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
We report the first result of a direct search for a cosmic axion background (CaB)-a relativistic background of axions that is not dark matter-performed with the axion haloscope, the Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX). Conventional haloscope analyses search for a signal with a narrow bandwidth, as predicted for dark matter, whereas the CaB will be broad. We introduce a novel analysis strategy, which searches for a CaB induced daily modulation in the power measured by the haloscope. Using this, we repurpose data collected to search for dark matter to set a limit on the axion photon coupling of a CaB originating from dark matter cascade decay via a mediator in the 800-995 MHz frequency range. We find that the present sensitivity is limited by fluctuations in the cavity readout as the instrument scans across dark matter masses. Nevertheless, we suggest that these challenges can be surmounted using superconducting qubits as single photon counters, and allow ADMX to operate as a telescope searching for axions emerging from the decay of dark matter. The daily modulation analysis technique we introduce can be deployed for various broadband rf signals, such as other forms of a CaB or even high-frequency gravitational waves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J A Dror
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, California 95060, USA
| | - H Murayama
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8583, Japan
| | - N L Rodd
- Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, 1 Esplanade des Particules, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
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11
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Yang B, Yoon H, Ahn M, Lee Y, Yoo J. Extended Axion Dark Matter Search Using the CAPP18T Haloscope. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:081801. [PMID: 37683161 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.081801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
We report an extended search for the axion dark matter using the CAPP18T haloscope. The CAPP18T experiment adopts innovative technologies of a high-temperature superconducting magnet and a Josephson parametric converter. The CAPP18T detector was reconstructed after an unexpected incident of the high-temperature superconducting magnet quenching. The system reconstruction includes rebuilding the magnet, improving the impedance matching in the microwave chain, and mechanically readjusting the tuning rod to the cavity for improved thermal contact. The total system noise temperature is ∼0.6 K. The coupling between the cavity and the strong antenna is maintained at β≃2 to enhance the axion search scanning speed. The scan frequency range is from 4.8077 to 4.8181 GHz. No significant indication of the axion dark matter signature is observed. The results set the best upper bound of the axion-photon-photon coupling (g_{aγγ}) in the mass ranges of 19.883 to 19.926 μeV at ∼0.7×|g_{aγγ}^{KSVZ}| or ∼1.9×|g_{aγγ}^{DFSZ}| with 90% confidence level. The results demonstrate that a reliable search of the high-mass dark matter axions can be achieved beyond the benchmark models using the technology adopted in CAPP18T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongsu Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hojin Yoon
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Moohyun Ahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Youngjae Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jonghee Yoo
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Korea
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12
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Bao Y, Fan J, Li L. Opening up a Window on the Postinflationary QCD Axion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:241001. [PMID: 37390447 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.241001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The QCD axion cosmology depends crucially on whether the QCD axion is present during inflation or not. We point out that contrary to the standard criterion, the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry could remain unbroken during inflation, even when the axion decay constant, f_{a}, is (much) above the inflationary Hubble scale, H_{I}. This is achieved through the heavy lifting of the PQ scalar field due to its leading nonrenormalizable interaction with the inflaton, encoded in a high-dimensional operator which respects the approximate shift symmetry of the inflaton. The mechanism opens up a new window for the post-inflationary QCD axion and significantly enlarges the parameter space, in which the QCD axion dark matter with f_{a}>H_{I} could be compatible with high-scale inflation and free from constraints on axion isocurvature perturbations. There also exist nonderivative couplings, which still keep the inflaton shift symmetry breaking under control, to achieve the heavy lifting of the PQ field during inflation. Additionally, by introducing an early matter domination era, more parameter space of high f_{a} could yield the observed DM abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjia Bao
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - JiJi Fan
- Department of Physics and Brown Theoretical Physics Center, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Lingfeng Li
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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13
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An H, Ge S, Guo WQ, Huang X, Liu J, Lu Z. Direct Detection of Dark Photon Dark Matter Using Radio Telescopes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:181001. [PMID: 37204893 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.181001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Dark photons can be the ultralight dark matter candidate, interacting with Standard Model particles via kinetic mixing. We propose to search for ultralight dark photon dark matter (DPDM) through the local absorption at different radio telescopes. The local DPDM can induce harmonic oscillations of electrons inside the antenna of radio telescopes. It leads to a monochromatic radio signal and can be recorded by telescope receivers. Using the observation data from the FAST telescope, the upper limit on the kinetic mixing can already reach 10^{-12} for DPDM oscillation frequencies at 1-1.5 GHz, which is stronger than the cosmic microwave background constraint by about one order of magnitude. Furthermore, large-scale interferometric arrays like LOFAR and SKA1 telescopes can achieve extraordinary sensitivities for direct DPDM search from 10 MHz to 10 GHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng An
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuailiang Ge
- Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Qing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210033, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210033, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiyao Lu
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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14
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Kim J, Kwon O, Kutlu Ç, Chung W, Matlashov A, Uchaikin S, van Loo AF, Nakamura Y, Oh S, Byun H, Ahn D, Semertzidis YK. Near-Quantum-Noise Axion Dark Matter Search at CAPP around 9.5 μeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:091602. [PMID: 36930919 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.091602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of an axion dark matter search over an axion mass range of 9.39-9.51 μeV. A flux-driven Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) was added to the cryogenic receiver chain. A system noise temperature of as low as 200 mK was achieved, which is the lowest recorded noise among published axion cavity experiments with phase-insensitive JPA operation. In addition, we developed a two-stage scanning method which boosted the scan speed by 26%. As a result, a range of two-photon coupling in a plausible model for the QCD axion was excluded with an order of magnitude higher in sensitivity than existing limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsu Kim
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Ohjoon Kwon
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Çağlar Kutlu
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Woohyun Chung
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrei Matlashov
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Sergey Uchaikin
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Arjan Ferdinand van Loo
- RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Seonjeong Oh
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - HeeSu Byun
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Danho Ahn
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Yannis K Semertzidis
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
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15
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Anzuini F, Pons JA, Gómez-Bañón A, Lasky PD, Bianchini F, Melatos A. Magnetic Dynamo Caused by Axions in Neutron Stars. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:071001. [PMID: 36867803 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.071001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The coupling between axions and photons modifies Maxwell's equations, introducing a dynamo term in the magnetic induction equation. In neutron stars, for critical values of the axion decay constant and axion mass, the magnetic dynamo mechanism increases the total magnetic energy of the star. We show that this generates substantial internal heating due to enhanced dissipation of crustal electric currents. These mechanisms would lead magnetized neutron stars to increase their magnetic energy and thermal luminosity by several orders of magnitude, in contrast to observations of thermally emitting neutron stars. To prevent the activation of the dynamo, bounds on the allowed axion parameter space can be derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Anzuini
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- OzGrav: The ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - José A Pons
- Departament de Fsica Aplicada, Universitat d'Alacant, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Paul D Lasky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- OzGrav: The ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Federico Bianchini
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Andrew Melatos
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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16
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Yi AK, Ahn S, Kutlu Ç, Kim J, Ko BR, Ivanov BI, Byun H, van Loo AF, Park S, Jeong J, Kwon O, Nakamura Y, Uchaikin SV, Choi J, Lee S, Lee M, Shin YC, Kim J, Lee D, Ahn D, Bae S, Lee J, Kim Y, Gkika V, Lee KW, Oh S, Seong T, Kim D, Chung W, Matlashov A, Youn S, Semertzidis YK. Axion Dark Matter Search around 4.55 μeV with Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitskii Sensitivity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:071002. [PMID: 36867826 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.071002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report an axion dark matter search at Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitskii sensitivity with the CAPP-12TB haloscope, assuming axions contribute 100% of the local dark matter density. The search excluded the axion-photon coupling g_{aγγ} down to about 6.2×10^{-16} GeV^{-1} over the axion mass range between 4.51 and 4.59 μeV at a 90% confidence level. The achieved experimental sensitivity can also exclude Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov axion dark matter that makes up just 13% of the local dark matter density. The CAPP-12TB haloscope will continue the search over a wide range of axion masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Yi
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Saebyeok Ahn
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Çağlar Kutlu
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - JinMyeong Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Rok Ko
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Boris I Ivanov
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - HeeSu Byun
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Arjan F van Loo
- RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - SeongTae Park
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Junu Jeong
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Ohjoon Kwon
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Yasunobu Nakamura
- RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Sergey V Uchaikin
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Choi
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyung Lee
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - MyeongJae Lee
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chang Shin
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsu Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyu Lee
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Danho Ahn
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - SungJae Bae
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggeun Kim
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Violeta Gkika
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Woong Lee
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonjeong Oh
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyeon Seong
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - DongMin Kim
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Woohyun Chung
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrei Matlashov
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - SungWoo Youn
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Yannis K Semertzidis
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
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17
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Foster JW, Witte SJ, Lawson M, Linden T, Gajjar V, Weniger C, Safdi BR. Extraterrestrial Axion Search with the Breakthrough Listen Galactic Center Survey. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:251102. [PMID: 36608251 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.251102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Axion dark matter (DM) may efficiently convert to photons in the magnetospheres of neutron stars (NSs), producing nearly monochromatic radio emission. This process is resonantly triggered when the plasma frequency induced by the underlying charge distribution approximately matches the axion mass. We search for evidence of this process using archival Green Bank Telescope data collected in a survey of the Galactic Center in the C band by the Breakthrough Listen project. While Breakthrough Listen aims to find signatures of extraterrestrial life in the radio band, we show that their high-frequency resolution spectral data of the Galactic Center region is ideal for searching for axion-photon transitions generated by the population of NSs in the inner pc of the Galaxy. We use data-driven models to capture the distributions and properties of NSs in the inner Galaxy and compute the expected radio flux from each NS using state-of-the-art ray tracing simulations. We find no evidence for axion DM and set leading constraints on the axion-photon coupling, excluding values down to the level g_{aγγ}∼10^{-11} GeV^{-1} for DM axions for masses between 15 and 35 μeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W Foster
- Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Samuel J Witte
- GRAPPA Institute, Institute for Theoretical Physics Amsterdam and Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthew Lawson
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Alba Nova, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 23, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tim Linden
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Alba Nova, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vishal Gajjar
- Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley California 94720, USA
| | - Christoph Weniger
- GRAPPA Institute, Institute for Theoretical Physics Amsterdam and Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Benjamin R Safdi
- Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Theoretical Physics Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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18
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Kouladoum JC. Inclusive Education and Health Performance in Sub Saharan Africa. SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH 2022; 165:879-900. [PMID: 36536614 PMCID: PMC9750046 DOI: 10.1007/s11205-022-03046-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The study assesses the effect of inclusive education on health performance in 48 Sub Saharan African countries from 2000 to 2020. The study adopted the Driscoll/Kraay technique to address cross-sectional dependence and the GMM strategy to address potential endogeneity. The study employed three indicators of health performance which are the total life expectancy, the female life expectancy and the male life expectancy. Three gender parity index of educational enrolments are employed: primary education, secondary and the tertiary education as indicators of inclusive education. The findings of the study reveal that inclusive education enhances the health situation of individuals in Sub Saharan Africa. The findings further show that the health situation of both the male and the female are improved by inclusive education. The study recommends policymakers in this region to invest more in the education and the health sector so as to enhance the health performance of the citizens.
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19
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Cervantes R, Carosi G, Hanretty C, Kimes S, LaRoque BH, Leum G, Mohapatra P, Oblath NS, Ottens R, Park Y, Rybka G, Sinnis J, Yang J. Search for 70 μeV Dark Photon Dark Matter with a Dielectrically Loaded Multiwavelength Microwave Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:201301. [PMID: 36462025 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.201301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microwave cavities have been deployed to search for bosonic dark matter candidates with masses of a few μeV. However, the sensitivity of these cavity detectors is limited by their volume, and the traditionally employed half-wavelength cavities suffer from a significant volume reduction at higher masses. Axion dark matter experiment (ADMX)-Orpheus mitigates this issue by operating a tunable, dielectrically loaded cavity at a higher-order mode, which allows the detection volume to remain large. The ADMX-Orpheus inaugural run excludes dark photon dark matter with kinetic mixing angle χ>10^{-13} between 65.5 μeV (15.8 GHz) and 69.3 μeV (16.8 GHz), marking the highest-frequency tunable microwave cavity dark matter search to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cervantes
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - G Carosi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C Hanretty
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - S Kimes
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - B H LaRoque
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - G Leum
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - P Mohapatra
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - N S Oblath
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - R Ottens
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Y Park
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - G Rybka
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J Sinnis
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J Yang
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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20
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Schulthess I, Chanel E, Fratangelo A, Gottstein A, Gsponer A, Hodge Z, Pistillo C, Ries D, Soldner T, Thorne J, Piegsa FM. New Limit on Axionlike Dark Matter Using Cold Neutrons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:191801. [PMID: 36399752 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.191801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report on a search for dark matter axionlike particles (ALPs) using a Ramsey-type apparatus for cold neutrons. A hypothetical ALP-gluon coupling would manifest in a neutron electric dipole moment signal oscillating in time. Twenty-four hours of data have been analyzed in a frequency range from 23 μHz to 1 kHz, and no significant oscillating signal has been found. The usage of present dark-matter models allows one to constrain the coupling of ALPs to gluons in the mass range from 10^{-19} to 4×10^{-12} eV. The best limit of C_{G}/f_{a}m_{a}=2.7×10^{13} GeV^{-2} (95% C.L.) is reached in the mass range from 2×10^{-17} to 2×10^{-14} eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Schulthess
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Estelle Chanel
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anastasio Fratangelo
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Gottstein
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Gsponer
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zachary Hodge
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ciro Pistillo
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Ries
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Torsten Soldner
- Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Jacob Thorne
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian M Piegsa
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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21
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Sarkar J, Salunkhe KV, Mandal S, Ghatak S, Marchawala AH, Das I, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Vijay R, Deshmukh MM. Quantum-noise-limited microwave amplification using a graphene Josephson junction. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:1147-1152. [PMID: 36309589 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Josephson junctions (JJs) and their tunable properties, including their nonlinearities, play an important role in superconducting qubits and amplifiers. JJs together with the circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture form many key components of quantum information processing1. In quantum circuits, low-noise amplification of feeble microwave signals is essential, and Josephson parametric amplifiers (JPAs)2 are the widely used devices. The existing JPAs are based on Al-AlOx-Al tunnel junctions realized in a superconducting quantum interference device geometry, where magnetic flux is the knob for tuning the frequency. Recent experimental realizations of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals JJs3-5 provide an opportunity to implement various circuit quantum electrodynamics devices6-8 with the added advantage of tuning the junction properties and the operating point using a gate potential. While other components of a possible 2D van der Waals circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture have been demonstrated, a quantum-noise-limited amplifier, an essential component, has not been realized, to the best of our knowledge. Here we implement a quantum-noise-limited JPA using a graphene JJ, that has a linear resonance gate tunability of 3.5 GHz. We report 24 dB amplification with 10 MHz bandwidth and -130 dBm saturation power, a performance on par with the best single-junction JPAs2,9. Importantly, our gate-tunable JPA works in the quantum-limited noise regime, which makes it an attractive option for highly sensitive signal processing. Our work has implications for novel bolometers; the low heat capacity of graphene together with JJ nonlinearity can result in an extremely sensitive microwave bolometer embedded inside a quantum-noise-limited amplifier. In general, this work will open up the exploration of scalable device architectures of 2D van der Waals materials by integrating a sensor with the quantum amplifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydip Sarkar
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Kishor V Salunkhe
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Supriya Mandal
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Subhamoy Ghatak
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Alisha H Marchawala
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Ipsita Das
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - R Vijay
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India.
| | - Mandar M Deshmukh
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India.
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22
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Kling F, Quílez P. ALP searches at the LHC: FASER as a light-shining-through-walls experiment. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.055036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Alesini D, Babusci D, Braggio C, Carugno G, Crescini N, D’Agostino D, D’Elia A, Di Gioacchino D, Di Vora R, Falferi P, Gambardella U, Gatti C, Iannone G, Ligi C, Lombardi A, Maccarrone G, Ortolan A, Pengo R, Rettaroli A, Ruoso G, Taffarello L, Tocci S. Search for Galactic axions with a high-
Q
dielectric cavity. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.052007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Chang H, Chang JY, Chang YC, Chang YH, Chang YH, Chen CH, Chen CF, Chen KY, Chen YF, Chiang WY, Chien WC, Doan HT, Hung WC, Kuo W, Lai SB, Liu HW, OuYang MW, Wu PI, Yu SS. First Results from the Taiwan Axion Search Experiment with a Haloscope at 19.6 μeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:111802. [PMID: 36154404 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.111802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports on the first results from the Taiwan Axion Search Experiment with a Haloscope, a search for axions using a microwave cavity at frequencies between 4.707 50 and 4.798 15 GHz. Apart from the nonaxion signals, no candidates with a significance of more than 3.355 were found. The experiment excludes models with the axion-two-photon coupling |g_{aγγ}|≳8.1×10^{-14} GeV^{-1}, a factor of eleven above the benchmark Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov model, in the mass range 19.4687<m_{a}<19.8436 μeV. It is also the first time that a haloscope experiment places constraints on g_{aγγ} in the mass region of 19.4687<m_{a}<19.7639 μeV, reaching a sensitivity 3 orders of magnitude better than the limits obtained by nonhaloscope experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin Chang
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yang Chang
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Chang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Chang
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402202, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hann Chang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115201, Taiwan
- Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Han Chen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115201, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fang Chen
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Fu Chen
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yuan Chiang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Chien
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402202, Taiwan
| | - Hien Thi Doan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115201, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Hung
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115201, Taiwan
| | - Watson Kuo
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402202, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Bai Lai
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Han-Wen Liu
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Min-Wei OuYang
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Ping-I Wu
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Shan Yu
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
- Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
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25
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Chang H, Chang JY, Chang YC, Chang YH, Chang YH, Chen CH, Chen CF, Chen KY, Chen YF, Chiang WY, Chien WC, Doan HT, Hung WC, Kuo W, Lai SB, Liu HW, OuYang MW, Wu PI, Yu SS. Taiwan Axion Search Experiment with Haloscope: CD102 analysis details. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.052002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Braggio C, Cappelli G, Carugno G, Crescini N, Di Vora R, Esposito M, Ortolan A, Planat L, Ranadive A, Roch N, Ruoso G. A haloscope amplification chain based on a traveling wave parametric amplifier. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:094701. [PMID: 36182452 DOI: 10.1063/5.0098039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we will describe the characterization of an RF amplification chain based on a traveling wave parametric amplifier. The detection chain is meant to be used for dark matter axion searches, and thus, it is coupled to a high Q microwave resonant cavity. A system noise temperature Tsys = (3.3 ± 0.1) K is measured at a frequency of 10.77 GHz, using a novel calibration scheme, allowing for measurement of Tsys exactly at the cavity output port.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Braggio
- Dip. di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulio Cappelli
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Nicolò Crescini
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Martina Esposito
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Antonello Ortolan
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Planat
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Arpit Ranadive
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Roch
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Giuseppe Ruoso
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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27
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Chang H, Chang JY, Chang YC, Chang YH, Chang YH, Chen CH, Chen CF, Chen KY, Chen YF, Chiang WY, Chien WC, Doan HT, Hung WC, Kuo W, Lai SB, Liu HW, OuYang MW, Wu PI, Yu SS. Taiwan axion search experiment with haloscope: Designs and operations. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:084501. [PMID: 36050105 DOI: 10.1063/5.0098783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report on a holoscope axion search experiment near 19.6 µeV from the Taiwan Axion Search Experiment with Haloscope collaboration. This experiment is carried out via a frequency-tunable cavity detector with a volume V = 0.234 liter in a magnetic field B0 = 8 T. With a signal receiver that has a system noise temperature Tsys ≅ 2.2 K and an experiment time of about one month, the search excludes values of the axion-photon coupling constant gaγγ ≳ 8.1 × 10-14 GeV-1, a factor of 11 above the Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov benchmark model, at the 95% confidence level in the mass range of 19.4687-19.8436 µeV. We present the experimental setup and procedures to accomplish this search.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin Chang
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yang Chang
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Chang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Chang
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402202, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hann Chang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115201, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Han Chen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115201, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fang Chen
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Fu Chen
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yuan Chiang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Chien
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402202, Taiwan
| | - Hien Thi Doan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115201, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Hung
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Watson Kuo
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402202, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Bai Lai
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Han-Wen Liu
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Min-Wei OuYang
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Ping-I Wu
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Shan Yu
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
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28
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Wang Y, Su H, Jiang M, Huang Y, Qin Y, Guo C, Wang Z, Hu D, Ji W, Fadeev P, Peng X, Budker D. Limits on Axions and Axionlike Particles within the Axion Window Using a Spin-Based Amplifier. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:051801. [PMID: 35960560 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.051801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Searches for the axion and axionlike particles may hold the key to unlocking some of the deepest puzzles about our Universe, such as dark matter and dark energy. Here, we use the recently demonstrated spin-based amplifier to constrain such hypothetical particles within the well-motivated "axion window" (10 μeV-1 meV) through searching for an exotic dipole-dipole interaction between polarized electron and neutron spins. The key ingredient is the use of hyperpolarized long-lived ^{129}Xe nuclear spins as an amplifier for the pseudomagnetic field generated by the exotic interaction. Using such a spin sensor, we obtain a direct upper bound on the product of coupling constants g_{p}^{e}g_{p}^{n}. The spin-based amplifier technique can be extended to searches for a wide variety of hypothetical particles beyond the standard model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Haowen Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Min Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ying Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yushu Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chang Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zehao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dongdong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Pavel Fadeev
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Xinhua Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
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29
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Domcke V, Garcia-Cely C, Rodd NL. Novel Search for High-Frequency Gravitational Waves with Low-Mass Axion Haloscopes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:041101. [PMID: 35939000 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.041101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gravitational waves (GWs) generate oscillating electromagnetic effects in the vicinity of external electric and magnetic fields. We discuss this phenomenon with a particular focus on reinterpreting the results of axion haloscopes based on lumped-element detectors, which probe GWs in the 100 kHz-100 MHz range. Measurements from ABRACADABRA and SHAFT already place bounds on GWs, although the present strain sensitivity is weak. However, we demonstrate that the sensitivity scaling with the volume of such instruments is significant-faster than for axions-and so rapid progress will be made in the future. With no modifications, DMRadio-m^{3} will have a GW strain sensitivity of h∼10^{-20} at 200 MHz. A simple modification of the pickup loop used to readout the induced magnetic flux can parametrically enhance the GW sensitivity, particularly at lower frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Domcke
- Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, 1 Esplanade des Particules, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camilo Garcia-Cely
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicholas L Rodd
- Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, 1 Esplanade des Particules, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
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30
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Quiskamp A, McAllister BT, Altin P, Ivanov EN, Goryachev M, Tobar ME. Direct search for dark matter axions excluding ALP cogenesis in the 63- to 67-μeV range with the ORGAN experiment. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq3765. [PMID: 35857478 PMCID: PMC9258816 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq3765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The standard model axion seesaw Higgs portal inflation (SMASH) model is a well-motivated, self-contained description of particle physics that predicts axion dark matter particles to exist within the mass range of 50 to 200 micro-electron volts. Scanning these masses requires an axion haloscope to operate under a constant magnetic field between 12 and 48 gigahertz. The ORGAN (Oscillating Resonant Group AxioN) experiment (in Perth, Australia) is a microwave cavity axion haloscope that aims to search the majority of the mass range predicted by the SMASH model. Our initial phase 1a scan sets an upper limit on the coupling of axions to two photons of ∣gaγγ∣ ≤ 3 × 10-12 per giga-electron volts over the mass range of 63.2 to 67.1 micro-electron volts with 95% confidence interval. This highly sensitive result is sufficient to exclude the well-motivated axion-like particle cogenesis model for dark matter in the searched region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Quiskamp
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence For Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ben T. McAllister
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence For Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Swinburne University of Technology, John St., Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Paul Altin
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Eugene N. Ivanov
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence For Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Maxim Goryachev
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence For Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Michael E. Tobar
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence For Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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31
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Lucente G, Straniero O, Carenza P, Giannotti M, Mirizzi A. Constraining Heavy Axionlike Particles by Energy Deposition in Globular Cluster Stars. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:011101. [PMID: 35841550 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.011101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy axionlike particles (ALPs) with masses up to a few 100 keV and coupled with photons can be efficiently produced in stellar plasmas. We present a new "ballistic" recipe that covers both the energy-loss and energy-transfer regimes, and we perform the first dedicated simulation of Globular Cluster stars including the ALP energy transfer. This argument allows us to constrain ALPs with m_{a}≲0.4 MeV and g_{aγ}≃10^{-5} GeV^{-1}, probing a section of the ALP parameter space informally known as the "cosmological triangle". This region is particularly interesting since it has been excluded only using standard cosmological arguments that can be evaded in nonstandard scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lucente
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica "Michelangelo Merlin," Via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Sezione di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Oscar Straniero
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico d'Abruzzo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Pierluca Carenza
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maurizio Giannotti
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Barry University, 11300 NE 2nd Ave., Miami Shores, Florida 33161, USA
| | - Alessandro Mirizzi
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica "Michelangelo Merlin," Via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Sezione di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
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32
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Lee Y, Yang B, Yoon H, Ahn M, Park H, Min B, Kim D, Yoo J. Searching for Invisible Axion Dark Matter with an 18 T Magnet Haloscope. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:241805. [PMID: 35776482 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.241805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report the first search results for axion dark matter using an 18 T high-temperature superconducting magnet haloscope. The scan frequency ranges from 4.7789 to 4.8094 GHz. No significant signal consistent with the Galactic halo dark matter axion is observed. The results set the best upper bound of axion-photon-photon coupling (g_{aγγ}) in the mass ranges of 19.764 to 19.771 μeV (19.863 to 19.890 μeV) at 1.5×|g_{aγγ}^{KSVZ}| (1.7×|g_{aγγ}^{KSVZ}|), and 19.772 to 19.863 μeV at 2.7×|g_{aγγ}^{KSVZ}| with 90% confidence level, respectively. This remarkable sensitivity in the high mass region of dark matter axion is achieved by using the strongest magnetic field among the existing haloscope experiments and realizing a low-noise amplification of microwave signals using a Josephson parametric converter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjae Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Byeongsu Yang
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Korea
| | - Hojin Yoon
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Moohyun Ahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Heejun Park
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Korea
| | - Byeonghun Min
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Korea
| | - DongLak Kim
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Korea
| | - Jonghee Yoo
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34051, Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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33
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Feng YK, Ning DH, Zhang SB, Lu ZT, Sheng D. Search for Monopole-Dipole Interactions at the Submillimeter Range with a ^{129}Xe-^{131}Xe-Rb Comagnetometer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:231803. [PMID: 35749169 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.231803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Monopole-dipole interactions involving scalar couplings between a spin and a massive particle violate both P and T symmetry, and can be mediated by axions. We use a ^{129}Xe-^{131}Xe-Rb atomic cell comagnetometer to measure the ratio of precession frequencies between the two xenon isotopes, and search for changes of the ratio correlated with the distance between the atomic cell and a nonmagnetic bismuth germanate crystal. A modulated Rb polarization scheme is used to suppress systematic effects by 2 orders of magnitude. The null results of this search improve the upper limit on the coupling strength g_{s}^{N}g_{p}^{n} over the interaction range 0.11-0.55 mm, and by a maximum improvement factor of 30 at 0.24 mm. The corresponding propagator mass range of this new excluded region covers 0.36-1.80 meV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-K Feng
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - D-H Ning
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - S-B Zhang
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Z-T Lu
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - D Sheng
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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34
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Billard J, Boulay M, Cebrián S, Covi L, Fiorillo G, Green A, Kopp J, Majorovits B, Palladino K, Petricca F, Roszkowski Chair L, Schumann M. Direct detection of dark matter-APPEC committee report. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:056201. [PMID: 35193133 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac5754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This report provides an extensive review of the experimental programme of direct detection searches of particle dark matter. It focuses mostly on European efforts, both current and planned, but does it within a broader context of a worldwide activity in the field. It aims at identifying the virtues, opportunities and challenges associated with the different experimental approaches and search techniques. It presents scientific and technological synergies, both existing and emerging, with some other areas of particle physics, notably collider and neutrino programmes, and beyond. It addresses the issue of infrastructure in light of the growing needs and challenges of the different experimental searches. Finally, the report makes a number of recommendations from the perspective of a long-term future of the field. They are introduced, along with some justification, in the opening overview and recommendations section and are next summarised at the end of the report. Overall, we recommend that the direct search for dark matter particle interactions with a detector target should be given top priority in astroparticle physics, and in all particle physics, and beyond, as a positive measurement will provide the most unambiguous confirmation of the particle nature of dark matter in the Universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Billard
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I-Lyon, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mark Boulay
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Susana Cebrián
- Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Covi
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Giuliana Fiorillo
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi 'Federico II' di Napoli and INFN Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Anne Green
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Kopp
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland and Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Kimberly Palladino
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Leszek Roszkowski Chair
- Astrocent, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center PAS, Warsaw, Poland
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marc Schumann
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Liu J, Dona K, Hoshino G, Knirck S, Kurinsky N, Malaker M, Miller DW, Sonnenschein A, Awida MH, Barry PS, Berggren KK, Bowring D, Carosi G, Chang C, Chou A, Khatiwada R, Lewis S, Li J, Nam SW, Noroozian O, Zhou TX. Broadband Solenoidal Haloscope for Terahertz Axion Detection. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:131801. [PMID: 35426699 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.131801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We introduce the Broadband Reflector Experiment for Axion Detection (BREAD) conceptual design and science program. This haloscope plans to search for bosonic dark matter across the [10^{-3},1] eV ([0.24, 240] THz) mass range. BREAD proposes a cylindrical metal barrel to convert dark matter into photons, which a novel parabolic reflector design focuses onto a photosensor. This unique geometry enables enclosure in standard cryostats and high-field solenoids, overcoming limitations of current dish antennas. A pilot 0.7 m^{2} barrel experiment planned at Fermilab is projected to surpass existing dark photon coupling constraints by over a decade with one-day runtime. Axion sensitivity requires <10^{-20} W/sqrt[Hz] sensor noise equivalent power with a 10 T solenoid and 10 m^{2} barrel. We project BREAD sensitivity for various sensor technologies and discuss future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Liu
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Kristin Dona
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Gabe Hoshino
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Stefan Knirck
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Noah Kurinsky
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Matthew Malaker
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - David W Miller
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | | | - Mohamed H Awida
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Peter S Barry
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Karl K Berggren
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Daniel Bowring
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Gianpaolo Carosi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - Clarence Chang
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Aaron Chou
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Rakshya Khatiwada
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - Samantha Lewis
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Juliang Li
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Sae Woo Nam
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Omid Noroozian
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - Tony X Zhou
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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36
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Lang RF. Dark Matter Meets Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. PHYSICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physics.15.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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37
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Buschmann M, Dessert C, Foster JW, Long AJ, Safdi BR. Upper Limit on the QCD Axion Mass from Isolated Neutron Star Cooling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:091102. [PMID: 35302791 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.091102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The quantum chromodynamics (QCD) axion may modify the cooling rates of neutron stars (NSs). The axions are produced within the NS cores from nucleon bremsstrahlung and, when the nucleons are in superfluid states, Cooper pair breaking and formation processes. We show that four of the nearby isolated magnificent seven NSs along with PSR J0659 are prime candidates for axion cooling studies because they are coeval, with ages of a few hundred thousand years known from kinematic considerations, and they have well-measured surface luminosities. We compare these data to dedicated NS cooling simulations incorporating axions, profiling over uncertainties related to the equation of state, NS masses, surface compositions, and superfluidity. Our calculations of the axion and neutrino emissivities include high-density suppression factors that also affect SN 1987A and previous NS cooling limits on axions. We find no evidence for axions in the isolated NS data, and within the context of the Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov QCD axion model, we constrain m_{a}≲16 meV at 95% confidence level. An improved understanding of NS cooling and nucleon superfluidity could further improve these limits or lead to the discovery of the axion at weaker couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Buschmann
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Christopher Dessert
- Leinweber Center for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
- Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Theoretical Physics Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Joshua W Foster
- Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Andrew J Long
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Benjamin R Safdi
- Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Theoretical Physics Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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38
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Semertzidis YK, Youn S. Axion dark matter: How to see it? SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm9928. [PMID: 35196091 PMCID: PMC8865767 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm9928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The axion is a highly motivated elementary particle that could address two fundamental questions in physics-the strong charge-parity (CP) problem and the dark matter mystery. Experimental searches for this hypothetical particle started reaching theoretically interesting sensitivity levels, particularly in the micro-electron volt (gigahertz) region. They rely on microwave resonators in strong magnetic fields with signals read out by quantum noise limited amplifiers. Concurrently, there have been intensive experimental efforts to widen the search range by devising various techniques and to enhance sensitivities by implementing advanced technologies. These orthogonal approaches will enable us to explore most of the parameter space for axions and axion-like particles within the next decades, with the 1- to 25-gigahertz frequency range to be conquered well within the first decade. We review the experimental aspects of axion physics and discuss the past, present, and future of the direct search programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis K. Semertzidis
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - SungWoo Youn
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, IBS, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
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39
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Chadha-Day F, Ellis J, Marsh DJE. Axion dark matter: What is it and why now? SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj3618. [PMID: 35196098 PMCID: PMC8865781 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj3618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The axion has emerged in recent years as a leading particle candidate to provide the mysterious dark matter in the cosmos, as we review here for a general scientific audience. We describe first the historical roots of the axion in the Standard Model of particle physics and the problem of charge-parity invariance of the strong nuclear force. We then discuss how the axion emerges as a dark matter candidate and how it is produced in the early universe. The symmetry properties of the axion dictate the form of its interactions with ordinary matter. Astrophysical considerations restrict the particle mass and interaction strengths to a limited range, which facilitates the planning of experiments to detect the axion. A companion review discusses the exciting prospect that the axion could be detected in the near term in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Chadha-Day
- Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - John Ellis
- Theoretical Physics and Cosmology Group, Department of Physics, Kings College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Rävala 10, 10143 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - David J. E. Marsh
- Theoretical Physics and Cosmology Group, Department of Physics, Kings College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
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40
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Buschmann M, Foster JW, Hook A, Peterson A, Willcox DE, Zhang W, Safdi BR. Dark matter from axion strings with adaptive mesh refinement. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1049. [PMID: 35217674 PMCID: PMC8881528 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Axions are hypothetical particles that may explain the observed dark matter density and the non-observation of a neutron electric dipole moment. An increasing number of axion laboratory searches are underway worldwide, but these efforts are made difficult by the fact that the axion mass is largely unconstrained. If the axion is generated after inflation there is a unique mass that gives rise to the observed dark matter abundance; due to nonlinearities and topological defects known as strings, computing this mass accurately has been a challenge for four decades. Recent works, making use of large static lattice simulations, have led to largely disparate predictions for the axion mass, spanning the range from 25 microelectronvolts to over 500 microelectronvolts. In this work we show that adaptive mesh refinement simulations are better suited for axion cosmology than the previously-used static lattice simulations because only the string cores require high spatial resolution. Using dedicated adaptive mesh refinement simulations we obtain an over three order of magnitude leap in dynamic range and provide evidence that axion strings radiate their energy with a scale-invariant spectrum, to within ~5% precision, leading to a mass prediction in the range (40,180) microelectronvolts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Buschmann
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
| | - Joshua W Foster
- Leinweber Center for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Theoretical Physics Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Anson Hook
- Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Adam Peterson
- Center for Computational Sciences and Engineering Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Don E Willcox
- Center for Computational Sciences and Engineering Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Weiqun Zhang
- Center for Computational Sciences and Engineering Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Benjamin R Safdi
- Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Theoretical Physics Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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41
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Dessert C, Long AJ, Safdi BR. No Evidence for Axions from Chandra Observation of the Magnetic White Dwarf RE J0317-853. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:071102. [PMID: 35244430 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.071102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Axions with couplings g_{aγγ}∼few×10^{-11} GeV^{-1} to electromagnetism may resolve a number of astrophysical anomalies, such as unexpected ∼TeV transparency, anomalous stellar cooling, and x-ray excesses from nearby neutron stars. We show, however, that such axions are severely constrained by the nonobservation of x rays from the magnetic white dwarf (MWD) RE J0317-853 using ∼40 ks of data acquired from a dedicated observation with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Axions may be produced in the core of the MWD through electron bremsstrahlung and then convert to x rays in the magnetosphere. The nonobservation of x rays constrains the axion-photon coupling to g_{aγγ}≲5.5×10^{-13}sqrt[C_{aγγ}/C_{aee}] GeV^{-1} at 95% confidence for axion masses m_{a}≲5×10^{-6} eV, with C_{aee} and C_{aγγ} the dimensionless coupling constants to electrons and photons. Considering that C_{aee} is generated from the renormalization group, our results robustly disfavor g_{aγγ}≳4.4×10^{-11} GeV^{-1} even for models with no ultraviolet contribution to C_{aee}.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Dessert
- Leinweber Center for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Theoretical Physics Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Andrew J Long
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Benjamin R Safdi
- Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Theoretical Physics Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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42
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Tobar ME, McAllister BT, Goryachev M. Poynting vector controversy in axion modified electrodynamics. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.045009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Boyanovsky D, Rai M, Chen L. Ultralight dark matter or dark radiation cosmologically produced from infrared dressing. Int J Clin Exp Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.123552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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44
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Bartram C, Braine T, Burns E, Cervantes R, Crisosto N, Du N, Korandla H, Leum G, Mohapatra P, Nitta T, Rosenberg LJ, Rybka G, Yang J, Clarke J, Siddiqi I, Agrawal A, Dixit AV, Awida MH, Chou AS, Hollister M, Knirck S, Sonnenschein A, Wester W, Gleason JR, Hipp AT, Jois S, Sikivie P, Sullivan NS, Tanner DB, Lentz E, Khatiwada R, Carosi G, Robertson N, Woollett N, Duffy LD, Boutan C, Jones M, LaRoque BH, Oblath NS, Taubman MS, Daw EJ, Perry MG, Buckley JH, Gaikwad C, Hoffman J, Murch KW, Goryachev M, McAllister BT, Quiskamp A, Thomson C, Tobar ME. Search for Invisible Axion Dark Matter in the 3.3-4.2 μeV Mass Range. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:261803. [PMID: 35029490 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.261803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report the results from a haloscope search for axion dark matter in the 3.3-4.2 μeV mass range. This search excludes the axion-photon coupling predicted by one of the benchmark models of "invisible" axion dark matter, the Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov model. This sensitivity is achieved using a large-volume cavity, a superconducting magnet, an ultra low noise Josephson parametric amplifier, and sub-Kelvin temperatures. The validity of our detection procedure is ensured by injecting and detecting blind synthetic axion signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bartram
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - T Braine
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - E Burns
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - R Cervantes
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - N Crisosto
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - N Du
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - H Korandla
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - G Leum
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - P Mohapatra
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - T Nitta
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - L J Rosenberg
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - G Rybka
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J Yang
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - John Clarke
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - I Siddiqi
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Agrawal
- University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A V Dixit
- University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M H Awida
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A S Chou
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Hollister
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Knirck
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Sonnenschein
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Wester
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J R Gleason
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - A T Hipp
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - S Jois
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - P Sikivie
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - N S Sullivan
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - D B Tanner
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - E Lentz
- University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - R Khatiwada
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - G Carosi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Robertson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Woollett
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - L D Duffy
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Boutan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - M Jones
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - B H LaRoque
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - N S Oblath
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - M S Taubman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - E J Daw
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - M G Perry
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J H Buckley
- Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - C Gaikwad
- Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - J Hoffman
- Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - K W Murch
- Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - M Goryachev
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - B T McAllister
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - A Quiskamp
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - C Thomson
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - M E Tobar
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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45
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Khatiwada R, Bowring D, Chou AS, Sonnenschein A, Wester W, Mitchell DV, Braine T, Bartram C, Cervantes R, Crisosto N, Du N, Rosenberg LJ, Rybka G, Yang J, Will D, Kimes S, Carosi G, Woollett N, Durham S, Duffy LD, Bradley R, Boutan C, Jones M, LaRoque BH, Oblath NS, Taubman MS, Tedeschi J, Clarke J, Dove A, Hashim A, Siddiqi I, Stevenson N, Eddins A, O'Kelley SR, Nawaz S, Agrawal A, Dixit AV, Gleason JR, Jois S, Sikivie P, Sullivan NS, Tanner DB, Solomon JA, Lentz E, Daw EJ, Perry MG, Buckley JH, Harrington PM, Henriksen EA, Murch KW, Hilton GC. Axion Dark Matter Experiment: Detailed design and operations. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:124502. [PMID: 34972408 DOI: 10.1063/5.0037857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Axion dark matter experiment ultra-low noise haloscope technology has enabled the successful completion of two science runs (1A and 1B) that looked for dark matter axions in the 2.66-3.1 μeV mass range with Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnisky sensitivity [Du et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 151301 (2018) and Braine et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 101303 (2020)]. Therefore, it is the most sensitive axion search experiment to date in this mass range. We discuss the technological advances made in the last several years to achieve this sensitivity, which includes the implementation of components, such as the state-of-the-art quantum-noise-limited amplifiers and a dilution refrigerator. Furthermore, we demonstrate the use of a frequency tunable microstrip superconducting quantum interference device amplifier in run 1A, and a Josephson parametric amplifier in run 1B, along with novel analysis tools that characterize the system noise temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Khatiwada
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA and Fermilab Quantum Institute, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Bowring
- Accelerator Physics Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A S Chou
- Particle Physics Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Sonnenschein
- Particle Physics Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Wester
- Particle Physics Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D V Mitchell
- Particle Physics Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Braine
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - C Bartram
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - R Cervantes
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - N Crisosto
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - N Du
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - L J Rosenberg
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - G Rybka
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J Yang
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D Will
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - S Kimes
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - G Carosi
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Woollett
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Durham
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - L D Duffy
- Accelerators and Electrodynamics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R Bradley
- NRAO Technology Center, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - C Boutan
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - M Jones
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - B H LaRoque
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - N S Oblath
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - M S Taubman
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - J Tedeschi
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - John Clarke
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Dove
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Hashim
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - I Siddiqi
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N Stevenson
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Eddins
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S R O'Kelley
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Nawaz
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Agrawal
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A V Dixit
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J R Gleason
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - S Jois
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - P Sikivie
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - N S Sullivan
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - D B Tanner
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J A Solomon
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - E Lentz
- Department of Physics, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - E J Daw
- Department of Physics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - M G Perry
- Department of Physics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - J H Buckley
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - P M Harrington
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - E A Henriksen
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - K W Murch
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - G C Hilton
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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Abstract
The axion is a dark matter candidate arising from the spontaneous breaking of the Peccei–Quinn symmetry, introduced to solve the strong CP problem. It has been shown that radio/microwave radiation sent out to space is backscattered in the presence of axion dark matter due to stimulated axion decay. This backscattering is a feeble and narrow echo signal centered at an angular frequency very close to one-half of the axion mass. In this article, we summarize all the relevant results found so far, including analytical formulas for the echo signal, as well as sensitivity prospects for possible near-future experiments.
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47
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Kavanagh BJ, Edwards TD, Visinelli L, Weniger C. Stellar disruption of axion miniclusters in the Milky Way. Int J Clin Exp Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.063038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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48
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49
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Abstract
In recent years, the absence of experimental evidence for searches dedicated to dark matter has triggered the development of new ideas on the nature of this entity, which manifests at the cosmological level. Some of these can be explored by small experiments with a short timescale and an investment that can be afforded by national laboratories, such as the Frascati one. This is the main reason why a laboratory that, traditionally, was focused in particle physics studies with accelerators has begun intense activity in this field of research.
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50
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Thomson CA, McAllister BT, Goryachev M, Ivanov EN, Tobar ME. Erratum: Upconversion Loop Oscillator Axion Detection Experiment: A Precision Frequency Interferometric Axion Dark Matter Search with a Cylindrical Microwave Cavity [Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 081803 (2021)]. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:019901. [PMID: 34270323 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.019901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.081803.
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