1
|
Ourari S, Dusanowski Ł, Horvath SP, Uysal MT, Phenicie CM, Stevenson P, Raha M, Chen S, Cava RJ, de Leon NP, Thompson JD. Indistinguishable telecom band photons from a single Er ion in the solid state. Nature 2023; 620:977-981. [PMID: 37648759 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Atomic defects in the solid state are a key component of quantum repeater networks for long-distance quantum communication1. Recently, there has been significant interest in rare earth ions2-4, in particular Er3+ for its telecom band optical transition5-7 that allows long-distance transmission in optical fibres. However, the development of repeater nodes based on rare earth ions has been hampered by optical spectral diffusion, precluding indistinguishable single-photon generation. Here, we implant Er3+ into CaWO4, a material that combines a non-polar site symmetry, low decoherence from nuclear spins8 and is free of background rare earth ions, to realize significantly reduced optical spectral diffusion. For shallow implanted ions coupled to nanophotonic cavities with large Purcell factor, we observe single-scan optical linewidths of 150 kHz and long-term spectral diffusion of 63 kHz, both close to the Purcell-enhanced radiative linewidth of 21 kHz. This enables the observation of Hong-Ou-Mandel interference9 between successively emitted photons with a visibility of V = 80(4)%, measured after a 36 km delay line. We also observe spin relaxation times T1,s = 3.7 s and T2,s > 200 μs, with the latter limited by paramagnetic impurities in the crystal instead of nuclear spins. This represents a notable step towards the construction of telecom band quantum repeater networks with single Er3+ ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salim Ourari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Łukasz Dusanowski
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Sebastian P Horvath
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Mehmet T Uysal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Christopher M Phenicie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Paul Stevenson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mouktik Raha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Songtao Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert J Cava
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Nathalie P de Leon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jeff D Thompson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Montblanch ARP, Barbone M, Aharonovich I, Atatüre M, Ferrari AC. Layered materials as a platform for quantum technologies. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023:10.1038/s41565-023-01354-x. [PMID: 37322143 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Layered materials are taking centre stage in the ever-increasing research effort to develop material platforms for quantum technologies. We are at the dawn of the era of layered quantum materials. Their optical, electronic, magnetic, thermal and mechanical properties make them attractive for most aspects of this global pursuit. Layered materials have already shown potential as scalable components, including quantum light sources, photon detectors and nanoscale sensors, and have enabled research of new phases of matter within the broader field of quantum simulations. In this Review we discuss opportunities and challenges faced by layered materials within the landscape of material platforms for quantum technologies. In particular, we focus on applications that rely on light-matter interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro R-P Montblanch
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Barbone
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, (MCQST), Munich, Germany
- Walter Schottky Institut and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Igor Aharonovich
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mete Atatüre
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Andrea C Ferrari
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang N, Han SS, Xie Y, Chen DL, Yao WD, Huang X, Liu W, Guo SP. Mixed Rare-Earth Chalcogenide Borate Eu 9-xRE xMgS 2B 20O 41 (RE = Sm, Gd) Featuring a 3D {[B 20O 41] 22-} ∞ Framework Connected by [B 6O 9(O 0.5) 6] 6- and [B 7O 13(O 0.5) 3] 8- Clusters. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:7681-7688. [PMID: 37148562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rare-earth (RE) chalcogenide borates are very rarely discovered in view of the difficulties in synthesis though they have demonstrated attractive physical performances. Here, the first mixed RE chalcogenide borates Eu5.4Sm3.6MgS2B20O41 (1) and Eu3Gd6MgS2B20O41 (2) are synthesized by combining RE, sulfur, and borate ions into one structure. They crystallize in the centrosymmetric hexagonal space group P63/m, and their 3D honeycomb-like {[B20O41]22-}∞ open frameworks are built by [B6O9(O0.5)6]6- and [B7O13(O0.5)3]8- polyanionic clusters and consolidated by Mg2+ ions; both of which are formed by BO4 tetrahedra and BO3 planar triangles. The coordination modes of RE ions are rare REO6S2 bicapped trigonal prisms and REO8S irregular polyhedra, and their band gaps are determined to be 2.25 and 2.22 eV, respectively. They exhibit antiferromagnetic interactions and distinct photocurrent responses. The corresponding theoretical calculations are also performed. The study of 1 and 2 perhaps stimulates interest in exploring new functional RE chalcogenide borates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P.R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P.R. China
| | - Yun Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P.R. China
| | - Da-Li Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Dong Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P.R. China
| | - Wenlong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Ping Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aslam N, Zhou H, Urbach EK, Turner MJ, Walsworth RL, Lukin MD, Park H. Quantum sensors for biomedical applications. NATURE REVIEWS. PHYSICS 2023; 5:157-169. [PMID: 36776813 PMCID: PMC9896461 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-023-00558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Quantum sensors are finding their way from laboratories to the real world, as witnessed by the increasing number of start-ups in this field. The atomic length scale of quantum sensors and their coherence properties enable unprecedented spatial resolution and sensitivity. Biomedical applications could benefit from these quantum technologies, but it is often difficult to evaluate the potential impact of the techniques. This Review sheds light on these questions, presenting the status of quantum sensing applications and discussing their path towards commercialization. The focus is on two promising quantum sensing platforms: optically pumped atomic magnetometers, and nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond. The broad spectrum of biomedical applications is highlighted by four case studies ranging from brain imaging to single-cell spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel Aslam
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hengyun Zhou
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Elana K. Urbach
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Matthew J. Turner
- Quantum Technology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - Ronald L. Walsworth
- Quantum Technology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | | | - Hongkun Park
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ruskuc A, Wu CJ, Rochman J, Choi J, Faraon A. Nuclear spin-wave quantum register for a solid-state qubit. Nature 2022; 602:408-413. [PMID: 35173343 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state nuclear spins surrounding individual, optically addressable qubits1,2 are a crucial resource for quantum networks3-6, computation7-11 and simulation12. Although hosts with sparse nuclear spin baths are typically chosen to mitigate qubit decoherence13, developing coherent quantum systems in nuclear-spin-rich hosts enables exploration of a much broader range of materials for quantum information applications. The collective modes of these dense nuclear spin ensembles provide a natural basis for quantum storage14; however, using them as a resource for single-spin qubits has thus far remained elusive. Here, by using a highly coherent, optically addressed 171Yb3+ qubit doped into a nuclear-spin-rich yttrium orthovanadate crystal15, we develop a robust quantum control protocol to manipulate the multi-level nuclear spin states of neighbouring 51V5+ lattice ions. Via a dynamically engineered spin-exchange interaction, we polarize this nuclear spin ensemble, generate collective spin excitations, and subsequently use them to implement a quantum memory. We additionally demonstrate preparation and measurement of maximally entangled 171Yb-51V Bell states. Unlike conventional, disordered nuclear-spin-based quantum memories16-24, our platform is deterministic and reproducible, ensuring identical quantum registers for all 171Yb3+ qubits. Our approach provides a framework for utilizing the complex structure of dense nuclear spin baths, paving the way towards building large-scale quantum networks using single rare-earth ion qubits15,25-28.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Ruskuc
- Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Chun-Ju Wu
- Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jake Rochman
- Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Joonhee Choi
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. .,Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - Andrei Faraon
- Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. .,Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. .,Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Merkel B, Cova Fariña P, Reiserer A. Dynamical Decoupling of Spin Ensembles with Strong Anisotropic Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:030501. [PMID: 34328750 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ensembles of dopants have widespread applications in quantum technology. The miniaturization of corresponding devices is however hampered by dipolar interactions that reduce the coherence at increased dopant density. We theoretically and experimentally investigate this limitation. We find that dynamical decoupling can alleviate, but not fully eliminate, the decoherence in crystals with strong anisotropic spin-spin interactions that originate from an anisotropic g tensor. Our findings can be generalized to many quantum systems used for quantum sensing, microwave-to-optical conversion, and quantum memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Merkel
- Quantum Networks Group, Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany and Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, Schellingstrasse 4, D-80799 München, Germany
| | - Pablo Cova Fariña
- Quantum Networks Group, Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany and Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, Schellingstrasse 4, D-80799 München, Germany
| | - Andreas Reiserer
- Quantum Networks Group, Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany and Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, Schellingstrasse 4, D-80799 München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Optical spin-state polarization in a binuclear europium complex towards molecule-based coherent light-spin interfaces. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2152. [PMID: 33846323 PMCID: PMC8042120 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of the emerging field of solid-state optical quantum information processing (QIP) critically depends on the access to resonant optical materials. Rare-earth ion (REI)-based molecular systems, whose quantum properties could be tuned taking advantage of molecular engineering strategies, are one of the systems actively pursued for the implementation of QIP schemes. Herein, we demonstrate the efficient polarization of ground-state nuclear spins-a fundamental requirement for all-optical spin initialization and addressing-in a binuclear Eu(III) complex, featuring inhomogeneously broadened 5D0 → 7F0 optical transition. At 1.4 K, long-lived spectral holes have been burnt in the transition: homogeneous linewidth (Γh) = 22 ± 1 MHz, which translates as optical coherence lifetime (T2opt) = 14.5 ± 0.7 ns, and ground-state spin population lifetime (T1spin) = 1.6 ± 0.4 s have been obtained. The results presented in this study could be a progressive step towards the realization of molecule-based coherent light-spin QIP interfaces.
Collapse
|