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Notari A, Rompineve F, Villadoro G. Improved Hot Dark Matter Bound on the QCD Axion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:011004. [PMID: 37478425 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.011004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
We obtain a reliable cosmological bound on the axion mass m_{a} by (1) deriving the production rate directly from pion-pion scattering data, which overcomes the breakdown of chiral perturbation theory and results in ∼30% differences from previous estimates; (2) including momentum dependence in the Boltzmann equations for axion-pion scatterings, which enhances the relic abundance by ∼40%. Using present cosmological datasets we obtain m_{a}≤0.24 eV, at 95% C.L. We also constrain the sum of neutrino masses, ∑m_{ν}≤0.14 eV at 95% C.L., in the presence of relic axions and neutrinos. Finally, we show that reliable nonperturbative calculations above the QCD crossover are needed to exploit the reach of upcoming cosmological surveys for axion detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Notari
- Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofisíca & Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Giovanni Villadoro
- Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151, Trieste, Italy
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Betranhandy A, O’Connor E. Neutrino driven explosions aided by axion cooling in multidimensional simulations of core-collapse supernovae. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.063019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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D'Eramo F, Hajkarim F, Yun S. Thermal Axion Production at Low Temperatures: A Smooth Treatment of the QCD Phase Transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:152001. [PMID: 35499888 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.152001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We study thermal axion production around the confinement scale. At higher temperatures, we extend current calculations to account for the masses of heavy quarks, whereas we quantify production via hadron scattering at lower temperatures. Matching our results between the two opposite regimes provides us with a continuous axion production rate across the QCD phase transition. We employ such a rate to quantify the axion contribution to the effective number of neutrino species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco D'Eramo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Fazlollah Hajkarim
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Seokhoon Yun
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Buschmann M, Dessert C, Foster JW, Long AJ, Safdi BR. Upper Limit on the QCD Axion Mass from Isolated Neutron Star Cooling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:091102. [PMID: 35302791 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.091102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The quantum chromodynamics (QCD) axion may modify the cooling rates of neutron stars (NSs). The axions are produced within the NS cores from nucleon bremsstrahlung and, when the nucleons are in superfluid states, Cooper pair breaking and formation processes. We show that four of the nearby isolated magnificent seven NSs along with PSR J0659 are prime candidates for axion cooling studies because they are coeval, with ages of a few hundred thousand years known from kinematic considerations, and they have well-measured surface luminosities. We compare these data to dedicated NS cooling simulations incorporating axions, profiling over uncertainties related to the equation of state, NS masses, surface compositions, and superfluidity. Our calculations of the axion and neutrino emissivities include high-density suppression factors that also affect SN 1987A and previous NS cooling limits on axions. We find no evidence for axions in the isolated NS data, and within the context of the Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov QCD axion model, we constrain m_{a}≲16 meV at 95% confidence level. An improved understanding of NS cooling and nucleon superfluidity could further improve these limits or lead to the discovery of the axion at weaker couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Buschmann
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Christopher Dessert
- Leinweber Center for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
- Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Theoretical Physics Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Joshua W Foster
- Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Andrew J Long
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Benjamin R Safdi
- Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Theoretical Physics Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Di Luzio L, Galan J, Giannotti M, Irastorza IG, Jaeckel J, Lindner A, Ruz J, Schneekloth U, Sohl L, Thormaehlen LJ, Vogel JK. Probing the axion-nucleon coupling with the next generation of axion helioscopes. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. C, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 2022; 82:120. [PMID: 35210937 PMCID: PMC8827404 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A finite axion-nucleon coupling, nearly unavoidable for QCD axions, leads to the production of axions via the thermal excitation and subsequent de-excitation of 57 Fe isotopes in the sun. We revise the solar bound on this flux adopting the up to date emission rate, and investigate the sensitivity of the proposed International Axion Observatory IAXO and its intermediate stage BabyIAXO to detect these axions. We compare different realistic experimental options and discuss the model dependence of the signal. Already BabyIAXO has sensitivity far beyond previous solar axion searches via the nucleon coupling and IAXO can improve on this by more than an order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Di Luzio
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia ‘G. Galilei’, Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Javier Galan
- Center for Astroparticles and High Energy Physics (CAPA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maurizio Giannotti
- Physical Sciences, Barry University, 11300 NE 2nd Ave., Miami Shores, FL 33161 USA
| | - Igor G. Irastorza
- Center for Astroparticles and High Energy Physics (CAPA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Joerg Jaeckel
- Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Lindner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jaime Ruz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94551 USA
| | - Uwe Schneekloth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Sohl
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lennert J. Thormaehlen
- Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia K. Vogel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94551 USA
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Fischer T, Carenza P, Fore B, Giannotti M, Mirizzi A, Reddy S. Observable signatures of enhanced axion emission from protoneutron stars. Int J Clin Exp Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.103012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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