1
|
Xu X, Nieto-Vesperinas M, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Li M, Rodríguez-Fortuño FJ, Yan S, Yao B. Gradient and curl optical torques. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6230. [PMID: 39043631 PMCID: PMC11266349 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Optical forces and torques offer the route towards full degree-of-freedom manipulation of matter. Exploiting structured light has led to the discovery of gradient and curl forces, and nontrivial optomechanical manifestations, such as negative and lateral optical forces. Here, we uncover the existence of two fundamental torque components, which originate from the reactive helicity gradient and momentum curl of light, and which represent the rotational analogues to the gradient and curl forces, respectively. Based on the two components, we introduce and demonstrate the concept of lateral optical torques, which act transversely to the spin of illumination. The orbital angular momentum of vortex beams is shown to couple to the curl torque, promising a path to extreme torque enhancement or achieving negative optical torques. These results highlight the intersection between the areas of structured light, Mie-tronics and rotational optomechanics, even inspiring new paths of manipulation in acoustics and hydrodynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Manuel Nieto-Vesperinas
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Manman Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Francisco J Rodríguez-Fortuño
- Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Shaohui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Baoli Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zielińska JA, van der Laan F, Norrman A, Reimann R, Frimmer M, Novotny L. Long-Axis Spinning of an Optically Levitated Particle: A Levitated Spinning Top. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:253601. [PMID: 38996235 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.253601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
An elongated object can be rotated around one of its short axes, like a propeller, or around its long axis, like a spinning top. Using optically levitated nanoparticles, short-axis rotation and libration have been systematically investigated in several recent studies. Notably, short-axis rotational degrees of freedom have been cooled to millikelvin temperatures and driven into gigahertz rotational speeds. However, controlled long-axis spinning has so far remained an unrealized goal. Here, we demonstrate controlled long-axis spinning of an optically levitated nanodumbbell with spinning rates exceeding 1 GHz. We show that the damping rate in high vacuum can be as low as a few millihertz. Our results open up applications in inertial torque sensing and studies of rotational quantum interference.
Collapse
|
3
|
Zielińska JA, van der Laan F, Norrman A, Rimlinger M, Reimann R, Novotny L, Frimmer M. Controlling Optomechanical Libration with the Degree of Polarization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:203603. [PMID: 37267539 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.203603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Control of the potential energy and free evolution lie at the heart of levitodynamics as key requirements for sensing, wave function expansion, and mechanical squeezing protocols. Here, we experimentally demonstrate versatile control over the optical potential governing the libration motion of a levitated anisotropic nanoparticle. This control is achieved by introducing the degree of polarization as a new tool for rotational levitodynamics. We demonstrate thermally driven free rotation of a levitated anisotropic scatterer around its short axis and we use the rotational degrees of freedom to probe the local spin of a strongly focused laser beam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Zielińska
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F van der Laan
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Norrman
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Center for Photonics Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - M Rimlinger
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Reimann
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Quantum Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - L Novotny
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Frimmer
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Spiechowicz J, Marchenko IG, Hänggi P, Łuczka J. Diffusion Coefficient of a Brownian Particle in Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium: Einstein Model and Beyond. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 25:42. [PMID: 36673183 PMCID: PMC9857877 DOI: 10.3390/e25010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The diffusion of small particles is omnipresent in many processes occurring in nature. As such, it is widely studied and exerted in almost all branches of sciences. It constitutes such a broad and often rather complex subject of exploration that we opt here to narrow our survey to the case of the diffusion coefficient for a Brownian particle that can be modeled in the framework of Langevin dynamics. Our main focus centers on the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient for several fundamental models of diverse physical systems. Starting out with diffusion in equilibrium for which the Einstein theory holds, we consider a number of physical situations outside of free Brownian motion and end by surveying nonequilibrium diffusion for a time-periodically driven Brownian particle dwelling randomly in a periodic potential. For this latter situation the diffusion coefficient exhibits an intriguingly non-monotonic dependence on temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Spiechowicz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Ivan G. Marchenko
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
- Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology, 61108 Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Education and Research Institute of Computer Physics and Energy, Karazin Kharkiv National University, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Peter Hänggi
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
- Max-Planck Institute for Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jerzy Łuczka
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| |
Collapse
|