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Gavazzoni C, Brito C, Wyart M. Testing Theories of the Glass Transition with the Same Liquid but Many Kinetic Rules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:248201. [PMID: 38949336 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.248201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
We study the glass transition by exploring a broad class of kinetic rules that can significantly modify the normal dynamics of supercooled liquids while maintaining thermal equilibrium. Beyond the usual dynamics of liquids, this class includes dynamics in which a fraction (1-f_{R}) of the particles can perform pairwise exchange or "swap moves," while a fraction f_{P} of the particles can move only along restricted directions. We find that (i) the location of the glass transition varies greatly but smoothly as f_{P} and f_{R} change and (ii) it is governed by a linear combination of f_{P} and f_{R}. (iii) Dynamical heterogeneities (DHs) are not governed by the static structure of the material; their magnitude correlates instead with the relaxation time. (iv) We show that a recent theory for temporal growth of DHs based on thermal avalanches holds quantitatively throughout the (f_{R},f_{P}) diagram. These observations are negative items for some existing theories of the glass transition, particularly those reliant on growing thermodynamic order or locally favored structure, and open new avenues to test other approaches, as we illustrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gavazzoni
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 15051, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carolina Brito
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 15051, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Matthieu Wyart
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, 729 BSP UNIL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Zhai Q, Gao XY, Lee CS, Ong CY, Yan K, Deng HY, Yang S, Lam CH. Surface mobility gradient and emergent facilitation in glassy films. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:4389-4394. [PMID: 38757511 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00221k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Confining glassy polymers into films can substantially modify their local and film-averaged properties. We present a lattice model of film geometry with void-mediated facilitation behaviors but free from any elasticity effect. We analyze the spatially varying viscosity to delineate the transport properties of glassy films. The film mobility measurements reported by Yang et al., Science, 2010, 328, 1676 are successfully reproduced. The flow exhibits a crossover from a simple viscous flow to a surface-dominated regime as the temperature decreases. The propagation of a highly mobile front induced by the free surface is visualized in real space. Our approach provides a microscopic treatment of the observed glassy phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhai
- School of Physics, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| | - Xin-Yuan Gao
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Shing Lee
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chin-Yuan Ong
- School of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Ke Yan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| | - Hai-Yao Deng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, 5 The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, Wales, UK.
| | - Sen Yang
- School of Physics, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| | - Chi-Hang Lam
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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Ong CY, Lee CS, Gao XY, Zhai Q, Yu Z, Shi R, Deng HY, Lam CH. Relating fragile-to-strong transition to fragile glass via lattice model simulations. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:054124. [PMID: 38907442 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.054124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Glass formers are, in general, classified as strong or fragile depending on whether their relaxation rates follow Arrhenius or super-Arrhenius temperature dependence. There are, however, notable exceptions, such as water, which exhibit a fragile-to-strong (FTS) transition and behave as fragile and strong, respectively, at high and low temperatures. In this work, the FTS transition is studied using a distinguishable-particle lattice model previously demonstrated to be capable of simulating both strong and fragile glasses [C.-S. Lee, M. Lulli, L.-H. Zhang, H.-Y. Deng, and C.-H. Lam, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 265703 (2020)0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.125.265703]. Starting with a bimodal pair-interaction distribution appropriate for fragile glasses, we show that by narrowing down the energy dispersion in the low-energy component of the distribution, a FTS transition is observed. The transition occurs at a temperature at which the stretching exponent of the relaxation is minimized, in agreement with previous molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yuan Ong
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Shing Lee
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Gao
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiang Zhai
- School of Physics, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhenhao Yu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hai-Yao Deng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, 5 The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Chi-Hang Lam
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Li B, Lee CS, Gao XY, Deng HY, Lam CH. The distinguishable-particle lattice model of glasses in three dimensions. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1009-1017. [PMID: 38197256 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01343j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The nature of glassy states in realistic finite dimensions is still under fierce debate. Lattice models can offer valuable insights and facilitate deeper theoretical understanding. Recently, a disordered-interacting lattice model with distinguishable particles in two dimensions (2D) has been shown to produce a wide range of dynamical properties of structural glasses, including the slow and heterogeneous characteristics of the glassy dynamics, various fragility behaviors of glasses, and so on. These findings support the usefulness of this model for modeling structural glasses. An important question is whether such properties still hold in the more realistic three dimensions. In this study, we aim to extend the distinguishable-particle lattice model (DPLM) to three dimensions (3D) and explore the corresponding glassy dynamics. Through extensive kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, we found that the 3D DPLM exhibits many typical glassy behaviors, such as plateaus in the mean square displacement of particles and the self-intermediate scattering function, dynamic heterogeneity, variability of glass fragilities, and so on, validating the effectiveness of the DPLM in a broader realistic setting. The observed glassy behaviors of the 3D DPLM appear similar to those of its 2D counterpart, in accordance with recent findings in molecular models of glasses. We further investigate the role of void-induced motions in dynamical relaxations and discuss their relation to dynamic facilitation. As lattice models tend to keep the minimal but important modeling elements, they are typically much more amenable to analysis. Therefore, we envisage that the DPLM will benefit future theoretical developments, such as the configuration tree theory, towards a more comprehensive understanding of structural glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chun-Shing Lee
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Gao
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai-Yao Deng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, 5 The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales, UK.
| | - Chi-Hang Lam
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.
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Küchler N, Horbach J. Understanding the swap Monte Carlo algorithm in a size-polydisperse model glassformer. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:024127. [PMID: 37723737 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.024127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of a polydisperse model glassformer are investigated by augmenting molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with swap Monte Carlo (SMC). Three variants of the SMC algorithm are analyzed with regard to convergence and performance. We elucidate the microscopic mechanism responsible for the drastic speed-up of structural relaxation at low temperature. It manifests in a stepwise increase of the mean-squared displacement when the timescale between the application of swap sweeps is significantly larger than a characteristic microscopic timescale. Compared to Newtonian dynamics, with the hybrid MD-SMC dynamics the glass transition shifts to a lower temperature and a different temperature dependence of the localization length is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Küchler
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Horbach
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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