1
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Yu SY, Hu J, Li Z, Xu YT, Yuan C, Jiang D, Zhao WW. Metal-Organic Framework Nanofluidic Synapse. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39292646 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Chemical synapse completes the signaling through neurotransmitter-mediated ion flux, the emulation of which has been a long-standing obstacle in neuromorphic exploration. Here, we report metal-organic framework (MOF) nanofluidic synapses in which conjugated MOFs with abundant ionic storage sites underlie the ionic hysteresis and simultaneously serve as catalase mimetics that sensitively respond to neurotransmitter glutamate (Glu). Various neurosynaptic patterns with adaptable weights are realized via Glu-mediated chemical/ionic coupling. In particular, nonlinear Hebbian and anti-Hebbian learning in millisecond time ranges are achieved, akin to those of chemical synapses. Reversible biochemical in-memory encoding via enzymatic Glu clearance is also accomplished. Such results are prerequisites for highly bionic electrolytic computers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi-Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cheng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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2
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Niu Y, Ma Y, Xie Y. Soft Memristor at a Microbubble Interface. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:10475-10481. [PMID: 39116301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Memristors show promising features for neuromorphic computing. Here we report a soft memristor based on the liquid-vapor surface of a microbubble. The thickness of the liquid film was modulated by electrostatic and interfacial forces, enabling resistance switches. We found a pinched current hysteresis at scanning periods between 1.6 and 51.2 s, while representing a resistor below 1.6 s and a diode-like behavior above 51.2 s. We approximate the thickening/thinning dynamics of liquid film by pressure-driven flow at the interface and derived the impacts of salt concentration and voltage amplitude on the memory effects. Our work opens a new approach to building nanofluidic memristors by a soft interface, which may be useful for new types of neuromorphic computing in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueke Niu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yu Ma
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yanbo Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Aircraft Configuration Design, School of Aeronautics and Institute of Extreme Mechanics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
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3
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Lanzavecchia G, Sapunova A, Douaki A, Weng S, Momotenko D, Paulo G, Giacomello A, Krahne R, Garoli D. Tailored Fabrication of 3D Nanopores Made of Dielectric Oxides for Multiple Nanoscale Applications. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:10098-10105. [PMID: 39121066 PMCID: PMC11342934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state nanopores are a key platform for single-molecule detection and analysis that allow engineering of their properties by controlling size, shape, and chemical functionalization. However, approaches relying on polymers have limits for what concerns hardness, robustness, durability, and refractive index. Nanopores made of oxides with high dielectric constant would overcome such limits and have the potential to extend the suitability of solid-state nanopores toward optoelectronic technologies. Here, we present a versatile method to fabricate three-dimensional nanopores made of different dielectric oxides with convex, straight, and concave shapes and demonstrate their functionality in a series of technologies and applications such as ionic nanochannels, ionic current rectification, memristors, and DNA sensing. Our experimental data are supported by numerical simulations that showcase the effect of different shapes and oxide materials. This approach toward robust and tunable solid-state nanopores can be extended to other 3D shapes and a variety of dielectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- German Lanzavecchia
- Optoelectronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Università degli Studi
di Genova, Via Dodecaneso
33, 16146, Genova, Italy
| | - Anastasiia Sapunova
- Optoelectronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
- Università
degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Ali Douaki
- Optoelectronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Shukun Weng
- Optoelectronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
- Università
degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Dmitry Momotenko
- Institute
of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky Universität
Oldenburg, Oldenburg D-26129, Germany
| | - Gonçalo Paulo
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Giacomello
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Roman Krahne
- Optoelectronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Denis Garoli
- Optoelectronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Metodi dell’Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 43122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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4
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Curk T, Leyva SG, Pagonabarraga I. Discontinuous Transition in Electrolyte Flow through Charge-Patterned Nanochannels. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:078201. [PMID: 39213551 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.078201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the flow of an electrolyte through a rigid nanochannel decorated with a surface charge pattern. Employing lattice Boltzmann and dissipative particle dynamics methods, as well as analytical theory, we show that the electrohydrodynamic coupling leads to two distinct flow regimes. The accompanying discontinuous transition between slow, ionic, and fast, Poiseuille flows is observed at intermediate ion concentrations, channel widths, and electrostatic coupling strengths. These findings indicate routes to design nanochannels containing a typical aqueous electrolyte that exhibit a digital on-off flux response, which could be useful for nanofluidics and ionotronic applications.
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5
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Silvera Batista CA, Wang K, Blake H, Nwosu-Madueke V, Marbach S. Artificial chemotaxis under electrodiffusiophoresis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 677:171-180. [PMID: 39142158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Through a large parameter space, electric fields can tune colloidal interactions and forces leading to diverse static and dynamical structures. So far, however, field-driven interactions have been limited to dipole-dipole and hydrodynamic contributions. Nonetheless, in this work, we propose that under the right conditions, electric fields can also induce interactions based on local chemical fields and diffusiophoretic flows. EXPERIMENTS Herein, we present a strategy to generate and measure 3D chemical gradients under electric fields. In this approach, faradaic reactions at electrodes induce global pH gradients that drive long-range transport through electrodiffusiophoresis. Simultaneously, the electric field induces local pH gradients by driving the particle's double layer far from equilibrium. FINDINGS As a result, while global pH gradients lead to 2D focusing away from electrodes, local pH gradients induce aggregation in the third dimension. Evidence points to a mechanism of interaction based on diffusiophoresis. Interparticle interactions display a strong dependence on surface chemistry, zeta potential and diameter of particles. Furthermore, pH gradients can be readily tuned by adjusting the voltage and frequency of the electric field. For large Péclet numbers, we observed a collective chemotactic-like collapse of particles. Remarkably, such collapse occurs without reactions at a particle's surface. By mixing particles with different sizes, we also demonstrate, through experiments and Brownian dynamics simulations, the emergence of non-reciprocal interactions, where small particles are more drawn towards large ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Silvera Batista
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, 37205, United States; Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, 37205, United States.
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, 37205, United States
| | - Hannah Blake
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, 37205, United States
| | - Vivian Nwosu-Madueke
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, 37205, United States
| | - Sophie Marbach
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Physicochimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, Paris, F-75005, France.
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6
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Xu G, Zhang M, Mei T, Liu W, Wang L, Xiao K. Nanofluidic Ionic Memristors. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39022809 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Living organisms use ions and small molecules as information carriers to communicate with the external environment at ultralow power consumption. Inspired by biological systems, artificial ion-based devices have emerged in recent years to try to realize efficient information-processing paradigms. Nanofluidic ionic memristors, memory resistors based on confined fluidic systems whose internal ionic conductance states depend on the historical voltage, have attracted broad attention and are used as neuromorphic devices for computing. Despite their high exposure, nanofluidic ionic memristors are still in the initial stage. Therefore, systematic guidance for developing and reasonably designing ionic memristors is necessary. This review systematically summarizes the history, mechanisms, and potential applications of nanofluidic ionic memristors. The essential challenges in the field and the outlook for the future potential applications of nanofluidic ionic memristors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoheng Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Miliang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Mei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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7
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Wang W, Liang Y, Ma Y, Shi D, Xie Y. Memristive Characteristics in an Asymmetrically Charged Nanochannel. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6852-6858. [PMID: 38917304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The emergent nanofluidic memristor provides a promising way of emulating neuromorphic functions in the brain. The conical-shaped nanopore showed promising features for a nanofluidic memristor, inspiring us to investigate the memory effects in asymmetrically charged nanochannels due to their high current rectification, which may result in good memory effects. Here, the memory effects of an asymmetrically charged nanofluidic channel were numerically simulated by Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations. Our results showed that the I-V curves represented a diode in low scanning frequency and then became a memristor and finally a resistor as frequency increased. We successfully replicated the learning behavior in our system with history-dependent ion redistribution in the nanochannel. Some critical factors were quantitatively analyzed for the memory effects including voltage amplitude, optimal frequency, and Dukhin number. Experimental characterizations were also carried out. Our findings are useful for the design of nanofluidic memristors by the principle of enrichment and depletion as well as the determination of the best memory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710129, P. R. China
| | - Yizheng Liang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710129, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ma
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710129, P. R. China
| | - Deli Shi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710129, P. R. China
| | - Yanbo Xie
- School of Aeronautics and Institute of Extreme Mechanics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, P. R. China
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8
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Zhang Z, Sabbagh B, Chen Y, Yossifon G. Geometrically Scalable Iontronic Memristors: Employing Bipolar Polyelectrolyte Gels for Neuromorphic Systems. ACS NANO 2024; 18:15025-15034. [PMID: 38804641 PMCID: PMC11171754 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Iontronics that are capable of mimicking the functionality of biological systems within an artificial fluidic network have long been pursued for biomedical applications and ion-based intelligence systems. Here, we report on facile and robust realization of iontronic bipolar memristors featuring a three-layer polyelectrolyte gel structure. Significant memristive hysteresis of ion currents was successfully accomplished, and the memory time proved geometrically scalable from 200 to 4000 s. These characteristics were enabled by the ion concentration polarization-induced rectification ratio within the polyelectrolyte gels. The memristors exhibited memory dynamics akin to those observed in unipolar devices, while the bipolar structure notably enabled prolonged memory time and enhanced the ion conductance switching ratio with mesoscale (10-1000 μm) geometry precision. These properties endow the devices with the capability of effective neuromorphic processing with pulse-based input voltage signals. Owing to their simple fabrication process and superior memristive performance, the presented iontronic bipolar memristors are versatile and can be easily integrated into small-scale iontronic circuits, thereby facilitating advanced neuromorphic computing functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhang
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical
Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Barak Sabbagh
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion−Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yunfei Chen
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical
Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Gilad Yossifon
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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9
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Nekoubin N, Hardt S, Sadeghi A. Improved ionic current rectification utilizing cylindrical nanochannels coated with polyelectrolyte layers of non-uniform thickness. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:3641-3652. [PMID: 38623003 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00123k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Conical nanochannels employed to create ionic current rectification (ICR) in nanofluidic devices are prone to clogging due to the contraction at one end. As an alternative approach for creating ICR, a cylindrical nanochannel covered with a polyelectrolyte layer (PEL) of variable thickness is proposed in the present study. The efficacy of the proposed design is studied by numerically solving the governing equations including the Poisson, Nernst-Planck, and Stokes-Brinkman equations. Furthermore, the fundamental mechanism behind ICR is explained using a simplified one-dimensional model. The effects of the nanochannel radius, concentration of PEL fixed charges, and bulk ionic concentration on the rectification factor are then investigated in detail. It is shown that the proposed nanochannel provides larger rectification factors as compared to conical nanochannels over wide ranges of the fixed charge concentration and bulk ionic concentration. Such a performance can be achieved even at channel radii much larger than the tip radius of conical nanochannels, indicating not only the better performance of the proposed nanochannel but also its likely longer service life, because of reducing the probability of total ionic current blockage. This means that the proposed nanochannel could find widespread use in fluidic devices, as a replacement for conical nanofluidic diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Nekoubin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Steffen Hardt
- Institute for Nano- and Microfluidics, TU Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Arman Sadeghi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran.
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10
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Kamsma TM, Kim J, Kim K, Boon WQ, Spitoni C, Park J, van Roij R. Brain-inspired computing with fluidic iontronic nanochannels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320242121. [PMID: 38657046 PMCID: PMC11067030 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320242121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain's remarkable and efficient information processing capability is driving research into brain-inspired (neuromorphic) computing paradigms. Artificial aqueous ion channels are emerging as an exciting platform for neuromorphic computing, representing a departure from conventional solid-state devices by directly mimicking the brain's fluidic ion transport. Supported by a quantitative theoretical model, we present easy-to-fabricate tapered microchannels that embed a conducting network of fluidic nanochannels between a colloidal structure. Due to transient salt concentration polarization, our devices are volatile memristors (memory resistors) that are remarkably stable. The voltage-driven net salt flux and accumulation, that underpin the concentration polarization, surprisingly combine into a diffusionlike quadratic dependence of the memory retention time on the channel length, allowing channel design for a specific timescale. We implement our device as a synaptic element for neuromorphic reservoir computing. Individual channels distinguish various time series, that together represent (handwritten) numbers, for subsequent in silico classification with a simple readout function. Our results represent a significant step toward realizing the promise of fluidic ion channels as a platform to emulate the rich aqueous dynamics of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim M. Kamsma
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584, The Netherlands
- Mathematical Institute, Department of Mathematics, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584, The Netherlands
| | - Jaehyun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Willem Q. Boon
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584, The Netherlands
| | - Cristian Spitoni
- Mathematical Institute, Department of Mathematics, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584, The Netherlands
| | - Jungyul Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul04107, Republic of Korea
| | - René van Roij
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht3584, The Netherlands
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11
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Ramirez P, Portillo S, Cervera J, Bisquert J, Mafe S. Memristive arrangements of nanofluidic pores. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:044803. [PMID: 38755814 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.044803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate that nanofluidic diodes in multipore membranes show a memristive behavior that can be controlled not only by the amplitude and frequency of the external signal but also by series and parallel arrangements of the membranes. Each memristor consists of a polymeric membrane with conical nanopores that allow current rectification due to the electrical interaction between the ionic solution and the pore surface charges. This surface charge-regulated ionic transport shows a rich nonlinear physics, including memory and inductive effects, which are characterized here by the current-voltage curves and electrical impedance spectroscopy. Also, neuromorphiclike potentiation of the membrane conductance following voltage pulses (spikes) is observed. The multipore membrane with nanofluidic diodes shows physical concepts that should have application for information processing and signal conversion in iontronics hybrid devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Ramirez
- Departament de Física Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, E-46022 València, Spain
| | - Sergio Portillo
- Departament de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Javier Cervera
- Departament de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Salvador Mafe
- Departament de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
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12
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Li S, Zhang X, Su J. Enhanced Rectification Performance in Bipolar Janus Graphene Oxide Channels by Lateral Electric Fields. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:5488-5498. [PMID: 38423602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Improving the ionic rectification in nanochannels enables versatile applications such as biosensors, energy harvesting, and fluidic diodes. While previous work mostly focused on the effect of channel geometry and surface charge, in this work via a series of molecular dynamics simulations, we find a striking phenomenon that the ionic current rectification (ICR) ratio in Janus graphene oxide (GO) channels can be tremendously promoted by lateral electric fields. First, under a given axial electric field, an additional lateral electric field can improve the ICR ratio by several times to an order, depending on the channel symmetry. The symmetric channel has an obviously greater ICR ratio because it maintains a more pronounced ion transport disparity at opposite axial fields. The underlying mechanism for the function of the lateral electric field is that it promotes the lateral migration of ions and thus amplifies the ion-residue electrostatic interaction at opposite axial fields, enlarging the ion dynamical difference. Furthermore, for different axial electric fields, the ICR ratio can always be improved by lateral electric fields (up to two orders), suggesting that the ICR improvement is universal. Our results demonstrate that applying a lateral electric field could be a new method to improve the rectification performance of nanochannels, providing valuable guidance for the design of efficient ionic diode devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure and Quantum Sensing and Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xinke Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure and Quantum Sensing and Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jiaye Su
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure and Quantum Sensing and Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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13
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Ramirez P, Portillo S, Cervera J, Nasir S, Ali M, Ensinger W, Mafe S. Neuromorphic responses of nanofluidic memristors in symmetric and asymmetric ionic solutions. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:044701. [PMID: 38258920 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We show that ionic conduction properties of a multipore nanofluidic memristor can be controlled not only by the amplitude and frequency of an external driving signal but also by chemical gating based on the electrolyte concentration, presence of divalent and trivalent cations, and multi-ionic systems in single and mixed electrolytes. In addition, we describe the modulation of current rectification and hysteresis phenomena, together with neuromorphic conductance responses to voltage pulses, in symmetric and asymmetric external solutions. In our case, memristor conical pores act as nanofluidic diodes modulated by ionic solution characteristics due to the surface charge-regulated ionic transport. The above facts suggest potential sensing and actuating applications based on the conversion between ionic and electronic signals in bioelectrochemical hybrid circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Ramirez
- Dept. de Física Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, E-46022 València, Spain
| | - Sergio Portillo
- Dept. de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Javier Cervera
- Dept. de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Saima Nasir
- Dept. of Material- and Geo-Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Materials Research Dept., GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Mubarak Ali
- Dept. of Material- and Geo-Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Materials Research Dept., GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ensinger
- Materials Research Dept., GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Salvador Mafe
- Dept. de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
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Barnaveli A, van Roij R. Asymmetric rectified electric fields: nonlinearities and equivalent circuits. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:704-716. [PMID: 38165161 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01306e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Recent experiments [S. H. Hashemi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 2018, 121, 185504] have shown that a long-ranged steady electric field emerges when applying an oscillating voltage over an electrolyte with unequal mobilities of cations and anions confined between two planar blocking electrodes. To explain this effect we analyse full numerical calculations based on the Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations by means of analytically constructed equivalent electric circuits. Surprisingly, the resulting equivalent circuit has two capacitive elements, rather than one, which introduces a new timescale for electrolyte dynamics. We find a good qualitative agreement between the numerical results and our simple analytic model, which shows that the long-range steady electric field emerges from the different charging rates of cations and anions in the electric double layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barnaveli
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - R van Roij
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Ramirez P, Gómez V, Cervera J, Mafe S, Bisquert J. Synaptical Tunability of Multipore Nanofluidic Memristors. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:10930-10934. [PMID: 38033300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a multipore nanofluidic memristor with conical pores showcasing a wide range of hysteresis and memristor properties that provide functionalities for brainlike computation in neuromorphic applications. Leveraging the interplay between the charged functional groups on the pore surfaces and the confined ionic solution, the memristor characteristics are modulated through the electrolyte type, ionic concentrations, and pH levels of the aqueous solution. The multipore membrane mimics the functional characteristics of biological ion channels and displays synaptical potentiation and depression. Furthermore, this property can be inverted in polarity by chemically varying the pH level. The ability to modulate memory effects by ionic conductivity holds promise for enhancing signal information processing capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Ramirez
- Dept. de Física Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, E-46022 València, Spain
| | - Vicente Gómez
- Dept. de Física Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, E-46022 València, Spain
| | - Javier Cervera
- Dept. de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Salvador Mafe
- Dept. de Física Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, E-46022 València, Spain
- Dept. de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
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Abstract
Brain-inspired neuromorphic computing is currently being investigated for effective artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The development of artificial neurons and synapses is imperative to creating efficient computational biomimetic networks. Here we propose the minimal configuration of an effective iontronic spiking neuron based on a conical nanofluidic pore ionic diode. The conductance is composed of a Boltzmann open channel probability and a blocking inactivation function, forming the structure of a memristor. The presence of a negative resistance and the combination of activation-deactivation dynamics cause a Hopf bifurcation. Using the characteristic frequencies of small perturbation impedance spectroscopy, we discuss the conditions of spiking, in which the system enters a limit cycle oscillation. We arrive at the conclusion that an excitable neuron-like system can be made with a single active channel instead of the more complex combination of multiple channels that occurs in the Hodgkin-Huxley neuron model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
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Bocquet L. Concluding remarks: Iontronics, from fundamentals to ion-controlled devices - Random access memories. Faraday Discuss 2023; 246:618-622. [PMID: 37740292 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00138e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Is this the dawn of iontronics? Iontronics underpins the notion of devices and ionic machines, whereby ion and water also act as information carriers. Thinking about iontronics gives a vision and a road map, with applications in the water-energy nexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydéric Bocquet
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Universite PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France.
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Kamsma TM, Boon WQ, Spitoni C, van Roij R. Unveiling the capabilities of bipolar conical channels in neuromorphic iontronics. Faraday Discuss 2023; 246:125-140. [PMID: 37404026 PMCID: PMC10568261 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00022b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Conical channels filled with an aqueous electrolyte have been proposed as promising candidates for iontronic neuromorphic circuits. This is facilitated by a novel analytical model for the internal channel dynamics [T. M. Kamsma, W. Q. Boon, T. ter Rele, C. Spitoni and R. van Roij, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2023, 130(26), 268401], the relative ease of fabrication of conical channels, and the wide range of achievable memory retention times by varying the channel lengths. In this work, we demonstrate that the analytical model for conical channels can be generalized to channels with an inhomogeneous surface charge distribution, which we predict to exhibit significantly stronger current rectification and more pronounced memristive properties in the case of bipolar channels, i.e. channels where the tip and base carry a surface charge of opposite sign. Additionally, we show that the use of bipolar conical channels in a previously proposed iontronic circuit features hallmarks of neuronal communication, such as all-or-none action potentials and spike train generation. Bipolar channels allow, however, for circuit parameters in the range of their biological analogues, and exhibit membrane potentials that match well with biological mammalian action potentials, further supporting their potential biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Kamsma
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Mathematical Institute, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 6, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W Q Boon
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - C Spitoni
- Mathematical Institute, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 6, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R van Roij
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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