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Davoudi Z, Mueller N, Powers C. Towards Quantum Computing Phase Diagrams of Gauge Theories with Thermal Pure Quantum States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:081901. [PMID: 37683176 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.081901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The phase diagram of strong interactions in nature at finite temperature and chemical potential remains largely theoretically unexplored due to inadequacy of Monte-Carlo-based computational techniques in overcoming a sign problem. Quantum computing offers a sign-problem-free approach, but evaluating thermal expectation values is generally resource intensive on quantum computers. To facilitate thermodynamic studies of gauge theories, we propose a generalization of the thermal-pure-quantum-state formulation of statistical mechanics applied to constrained gauge-theory dynamics, and numerically demonstrate that the phase diagram of a simple low-dimensional gauge theory is robustly determined using this approach, including mapping a chiral phase transition in the model at finite temperature and chemical potential. Quantum algorithms, resource requirements, and algorithmic and hardware error analysis are further discussed to motivate future implementations. Thermal pure quantum states, therefore, may present a suitable candidate for efficient thermal simulations of gauge theories in the era of quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Davoudi
- Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Institute for Robust Quantum Simulation, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Niklas Mueller
- Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Connor Powers
- Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Institute for Robust Quantum Simulation, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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Bernard C, Ogilvie MC, DeGrand TA, DeTar C, Gottlieb S, Krasnitz A, Sugar RL, Toussaint D. QCD thermodynamics with two flavors at Nt=6. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1992; 45:3854-3861. [PMID: 10014278 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.45.3854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Bernard C, DeGrand TA, DeTar C, Gottlieb S, Krasnitz A, Ogilvie MC, Sugar RL, Toussaint D. Spatial structure of screening propagators in hot QCD. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 68:2125-2128. [PMID: 10045315 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.68.2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Gottlieb S, Liu W, Renken RL, Sugar RL, Toussaint D. Fermion-number susceptibility in lattice gauge theory. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1988; 38:2888-2896. [PMID: 9959463 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.38.2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Gottlieb S, Liu W, Renken RL, Sugar RL, Toussaint D. Hadron masses with two quark flavors. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1988; 38:2245-2265. [PMID: 9959379 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.38.2245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Gottlieb S, Liu W, Toussaint D, Renken RL, Sugar RL. Quark-number susceptibility of high-temperature QCD. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1987; 59:2247-2250. [PMID: 10035494 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.59.2247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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