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Bisri SZ, Shimizu S, Nakano M, Iwasa Y. Endeavor of Iontronics: From Fundamentals to Applications of Ion-Controlled Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1607054. [PMID: 28582588 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201607054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Iontronics is a newly emerging interdisciplinary concept which bridges electronics and ionics, covering electrochemistry, solid-state physics, electronic engineering, and biological sciences. The recent developments of electronic devices are highlighted, based on electric double layers formed at the interface between ionic conductors (but electronically insulators) and various electronic conductors including organics and inorganics (oxides, chalcogenide, and carbon-based materials). Particular attention is devoted to electric-double-layer transistors (EDLTs), which are producing a significant impact, particularly in electrical control of phase transitions, including superconductivity, which has been difficult or impossible in conventional all-solid-state electronic devices. Besides that, the current state of the art and the future challenges of iontronics are also reviewed for many applications, including flexible electronics, healthcare-related devices, and energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satria Zulkarnaen Bisri
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sunao Shimizu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakano
- Quantum Phase Electronic Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Iwasa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Quantum Phase Electronic Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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Crassous A, Bernard R, Fusil S, Bouzehouane K, Le Bourdais D, Enouz-Vedrenne S, Briatico J, Bibes M, Barthélémy A, Villegas JE. Nanoscale electrostatic manipulation of magnetic flux quanta in ferroelectric/superconductor BiFeO3/YBa2Cu3O(7-δ) heterostructures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:247002. [PMID: 22243020 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.247002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Using heterostructures that combine a large-polarization ferroelectric (BiFeO3) and a high-temperature superconductor (YBa2Cu3O(7-δ)), we demonstrate the modulation of the superconducting condensate at the nanoscale via ferroelectric field effects. Through this mechanism, a nanoscale pattern of normal regions that mimics the ferroelectric domain structure can be created in the superconductor. This yields an energy landscape for magnetic flux quanta and, in turn, couples the local ferroelectric polarization to the local magnetic induction. We show that this form of magnetoelectric coupling, together with the possibility to reversibly design the ferroelectric domain structure, allows the electrostatic manipulation of magnetic flux quanta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Crassous
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, 1 Avenue Augustin Fresnel, Campus de l'Ecole Polytechnique, 91767 Palaiseau and Université Paris Sud 11, 91405 Orsay, France
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Yajima T, Hikita Y, Hwang HY. A heteroepitaxial perovskite metal-base transistor. NATURE MATERIALS 2011; 10:198-201. [PMID: 21258354 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
'More than Moore' captures a concept for overcoming limitations in silicon electronics by incorporating new functionalities in the constituent materials. Perovskite oxides are candidates because of their vast array of physical properties in a common structure. They also enable new electronic devices based on strongly-correlated electrons. The field effect transistor and its derivatives have been the principal oxide devices investigated thus far, but another option is available in a different geometry: if the current is perpendicular to the interface, the strong internal electric fields generated at back-to-back heterojunctions can be used for oxide electronics, analogous to bipolar transistors. Here we demonstrate a perovskite heteroepitaxial metal-base transistor operating at room temperature, enabled by interface dipole engineering. Analysis of many devices quantifies the evolution from hot-electron to permeable-base behaviour. This device provides a platform for incorporating the exotic ground states of perovskite oxides, as well as novel electronic phases at their interfaces.
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Luo N, Miley GH. An alternative theory on relaxation rates in cuprate superconductors. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:025701. [PMID: 21813989 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/2/025701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Transport properties of high transition temperature (high-T(c)) superconductors apparently demonstrate two distinct relaxation rates in the normal state. We propose that this superficial inconsistence can be resolved with an effective carrier (quasiparticle) density n almost linear in temperature T. Experimental evidence both for and against this explanation is analyzed and we conclude that this offers a clear yet promising scenario. Band structure calculation was utilized to determine the Fermi surface topology of the cuprate superconductor versus doping. The results demonstrate that an electron-like portion of the Fermi surface exists in a wide range of doping levels even for a p-type superconductor, exemplified by La(2-x)Sr(x)CuO(4-δ) (LSCO). Such electron-like segments have also been confirmed in recent photoemission electron spectroscopy. The Coulomb interaction between electron-like and hole-like quasiparticles then forms a bound state, similar to that of an exciton. As a result the number of charge carriers upon cooling temperature is decreased. A quantum mechanical calculation of scattering cross section demonstrates that a T(2) relaxation rate is born out of an electron-hole collision process. Above the pseudogap temperature T(*) the normal state of high-T(c) cuprates is close to a two-component Fermi liquid. It, however, assumes non-Fermi-liquid behavior below T(*).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nie Luo
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61821, USA
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Salluzzo M, Ghiringhelli G, Cezar JC, Brookes NB, De Luca GM, Fracassi F, Vaglio R. Indirect electric field doping of the CuO2 planes of the cuprate NdBa2Cu3O7 superconductor. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:056810. [PMID: 18352415 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.056810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of field-effect doping in the 123 high critical temperature superconductors (HTS) has been investigated by x-ray absorption spectroscopy in the presence of an electric field. We demonstrate that holes are created at the CuO chains of the charge reservoir and that field-effect doping of the CuO(2) planes occurs by charge transfer, from the chains to the planes, of a fraction of the overall induced holes. The electronic properties of the charge reservoir and of the dielectric-HTS interface determine the electric field doping of the CuO(2) planes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salluzzo
- CNR-INFM COHERENTIA, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
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Gariglio S, Ahn CH, Matthey D, Triscone JM. Electrostatic tuning of the hole density in NdBa2Cu3O(7-delta) films and its effect on the Hall response. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:067002. [PMID: 11863843 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.067002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have used the ferroelectric field effect in heterostructures based on superconducting NdBa2-Cu(3)O(7-delta) and ferroelectric Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 to electrostatically modulate in a reversible and nonvolatile fashion the hole carrier density of the superconducting layer. Reversing the ferroelectric polarization induces a constant relative change in the resistivity and Hall constant of 9% and 6%, respectively, at all temperatures above the superconducting transition. The cotangent of the Hall angle displays a T2 dependence with a slope that increases as the carrier density is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gariglio
- DPMC, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Watanabe Y, Okano M, Masuda A. Surface conduction on insulating BaTiO3 crystal suggesting an intrinsic surface electron layer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:332-335. [PMID: 11177824 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report conduction measurements on the clean, free surface of transparent insulating BaTiO3 single crystals in high vacuum. We find that the insulating BaTiO3 crystals exhibit surface conductance that is dependent on the spontaneous polarization, whereas no conduction perpendicular to the surface is observed. The surface conduction shows semimetallic temperature dependence and persists down to at least 100 K. The observations suggest a two-dimensional electron on a clean, free ferroelectric surface that may be regarded as a ferroelectric metal. The results have important implications for understandings of the fundamental properties of ferroelectrics, the size effect, and ferroelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Watanabe
- Kyushu Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Sensui 1-1, Tobata, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan
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Nagao H, Nishino M, Shigeta Y, Yoshioka Y, Yamaguchi K. Theoretical studies on anomalous phases of photodoped systems in two-band model. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1327264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ahn CH, Gariglio S, Paruch P, Tybell T, Antognazza L, Triscone J. Electrostatic modulation of superconductivity in ultrathin GdBa2Cu3O7-x films. Science 1999; 284:1152-5. [PMID: 10325222 DOI: 10.1126/science.284.5417.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The polarization field of the ferroelectric oxide lead zirconate titanate [Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3] was used to tune the critical temperature of the hightemperature superconducting cuprate gadolinium barium copper oxide (GdBa2Cu3O7-x) in a reversible, nonvolatile fashion. For slightly underdoped samples, a uniform shift of several Kelvin in the critical temperature was observed, whereas for more underdoped samples, an insulating state was induced. This transition from superconducting to insulating behavior does not involve chemical or crystalline modification of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- CH Ahn
- Departement de Physique de la Matiere Condensee, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Chandrasekhar N, Valls OT, Goldman AM. Comment on "Mechanism of the electric-field effect in the high-Tc cuprates". PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:10218-10220. [PMID: 9984763 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.10218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ogale SB, Talyansky V, Chen CH, Ramesh R, Greene RL, Venkatesan T. Unusual Electric Field Effects in Nd0.7Sr0.3MnO3. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:1159-1162. [PMID: 10063005 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Talyansky V, Ogale SB, Takeuchi I, Doughty C, Venkatesan T. Experimental proof of the electronic charge-transfer mechanism in a YBa2Cu3O7-x-based field-effect transistor. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:14575-14580. [PMID: 9983257 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.14575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Ghinovker M, Sandomirsky VB, Shapiro BY. Abrikosov-vortex-energy change due to an electric-field effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:8404-8408. [PMID: 9977452 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.8404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Frey T, Mannhart J, Bednorz JG, Williams EJ. Mechanism of the electric-field effect in the high-Tc cuprates. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:3257-3260. [PMID: 9979122 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.3257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Lee S, Park KW, Shin M, Lee EH, Kim K, Kim N, Lee HJ, Hong SC. Effects of an electrostatic field on the normal and superconducting states of a Mo-C film. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:3238-3241. [PMID: 9979117 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.3238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Aligia AA. Mechanism for electric field effects observed in YBa2Cu3O7-x films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 73:1561. [PMID: 10056824 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.73.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Chandrasekhar N, Valls OT, Goldman AM. Chandrasekhar, Valls, and Goldman reply. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 73:1562. [PMID: 10056825 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.73.1562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Mishonov TM. Theory of Cooper-pair mass spectroscopy by the current-induced contact-potential difference. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:4009-4014. [PMID: 9976681 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.4009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Christen H, Mannhart J, Williams EJ, Gerber C. Dielectric properties of sputtered SrTiO3 films. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:12095-12104. [PMID: 10010084 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Kula W, Sobolewski R. Charging effect in partially oxygen-depleted superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:6428-6431. [PMID: 10011651 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.6428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Chandrasekhar N, Valls OT, Goldman AM. Charging effects observed in YBa2Cu3O7-x films: Influence of oxygen ordering. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:6220-6227. [PMID: 10011606 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.6220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Shapiro BY. Surface paraconductivity induced by an external electric field. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:16722-16726. [PMID: 10008256 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.16722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Jenks WG, Testardi LR. Electric-field penetration into superconducting and normal-state surfaces of YBa2Cu3O7-x. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:12993-13001. [PMID: 10007676 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Chandrasekhar N, Valls OT, Goldman AM. Mechanism for electric field effects observed in YBa2Cu3O7-x films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 71:1079-1082. [PMID: 10055443 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Burlachkov L, Khalfin IB, Shapiro BY. Increase of the critical current by an external electric field in high-temperature superconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:1156-1159. [PMID: 10007976 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Sakai S. Theoretical study of electric-field effects in high-Tc oxide superconductors using an ultrathin-metal-insulator superlattice model. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:9042-9047. [PMID: 10004954 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.9042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Wu JZ, Yao XX, Ting CS, Chu WK. Proximity effect in superconducting layered structures. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:14059-14068. [PMID: 10003475 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Walkenhorst A, Doughty C, Xi XX, Li Q, Lobb CJ, Mao SN, Venkatesan T. Electric field effects on vortex dynamics in ultrathin YBa2Cu3O7- delta films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 69:2709-2712. [PMID: 10046564 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.69.2709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Xi XX, Doughty C, Walkenhorst A, Kwon C, Li Q, Venkatesan T. Effects of field-induced hole-density modulation on normal-state and superconducting transport in YBa2Cu3O7-x. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 68:1240-1243. [PMID: 10046115 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.68.1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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