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Yao Z, Pu ZY, Rae IJ, Radioti A, Kubyshkina MV. Auroral streamer and its role in driving wave-like pre-onset aurora. GEOSCIENCE LETTERS 2017; 4:8. [PMID: 32215237 PMCID: PMC7067272 DOI: 10.1186/s40562-017-0075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The time scales of reconnection outflow, substorm expansion, and development of instabilities in the terrestrial magnetosphere are comparable, i.e., from several to tens of minutes, and their existence is related. In this paper, we investigate the physical relations among those phenomena with measurements during a substorm event on January 29, 2008. We present conjugate measurements from ground-based high-temporal resolution all-sky imagers and in situ THEMIS measurements. An auroral streamer (north-south aligned thin auroral layer) was formed and propagated equatorward, which usually implies an earthward propagating plasma flow in the magnetotail. At the most equatorward part of the auroral streamer, a wave-like auroral band was formed aligning in the east-west direction. The wave-like auroral structure is usually explained as a consequence of instability development. Using AM03 model, we trace the auroral structure to magnetotail and estimate a wavelength of ~0.5 R E. The scale is comparable to the drift mode wavelength determined by the in situ measurements from THEMIS-A, whose footpoint is on the wave-like auroral arc. We also present similar wave-like aurora observations from Cassini ultraviolet imaging spectrograph at Saturn and from Hubble space telescope at Jupiter, suggesting that the wave-like aurora structure is likely a result of fundamental plasma dynamics in the solar system planetary magnetospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Yao
- Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire, STAR institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Dorking, RH5 6NT UK
| | - Z. Y. Pu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - I. J. Rae
- UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Dorking, RH5 6NT UK
| | - A. Radioti
- Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire, STAR institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - M. V. Kubyshkina
- Physics Faculty, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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2
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Banerjee S, Galtier S. Chiral exact relations for helicities in Hall magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:033120. [PMID: 27078460 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.033120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Besides total energy, three-dimensional incompressible Hall magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) possesses two inviscid invariants, which are the magnetic helicity and the generalized helicity. Exact relations are derived for homogeneous (nonisotropic) stationary Hall MHD turbulence (and also for its inertialess electron MHD limit) with nonzero helicities and in the asymptotic limit of large Reynolds numbers. The universal laws are written only in terms of mixed second-order structure functions, i.e., the scalar product of two different increments. It provides, therefore, a direct measurement of the dissipation rates for the corresponding invariant flux. This study shows that the generalized helicity cascade is strongly linked to the left polarized fluctuations, while the magnetic helicity cascade is linked to the right polarized fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratik Banerjee
- Institut fur Geophysik und Meteorologie, Universität zu Köln, Pohligstrasse 3, D-50969 Köln, Germany
| | - Sébastien Galtier
- LPP, École polytechnique, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
- Departement de Physique, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
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3
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Magnetic Reconnection: A Kinetic Treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm090p0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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4
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A current filamentation mechanism for breaking magnetic field lines during reconnection. Nature 2011; 474:184-7. [PMID: 21633355 DOI: 10.1038/nature10091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
During magnetic reconnection, the field lines must break and reconnect to release the energy that drives solar and stellar flares and other explosive events in space and in the laboratory. Exactly how this happens has been unclear, because dissipation is needed to break magnetic field lines and classical collisions are typically weak. Ion-electron drag arising from turbulence, dubbed 'anomalous resistivity', and thermal momentum transport are two mechanisms that have been widely invoked. Measurements of enhanced turbulence near reconnection sites in space and in the laboratory support the anomalous resistivity idea but there has been no demonstration from measurements that this turbulence produces the necessary enhanced drag. Here we report computer simulations that show that neither of the two previously favoured mechanisms controls how magnetic field lines reconnect in the plasmas of greatest interest, those in which the magnetic field dominates the energy budget. Rather, we find that when the current layers that form during magnetic reconnection become too intense, they disintegrate and spread into a complex web of filaments that causes the rate of reconnection to increase abruptly. This filamentary web can be explored in the laboratory or in space with satellites that can measure the resulting electromagnetic turbulence.
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5
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Cho J. Magnetic helicity conservation and inverse energy cascade in electron magnetohydrodynamic wave packets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:191104. [PMID: 21668138 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.191104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Electron magnetohydrodynamics (EMHD) provides a fluidlike description of small-scale magnetized plasmas. An EMHD wave propagates along magnetic field lines. The direction of propagation can be either parallel or antiparallel to the magnetic field lines. We numerically study propagation of three-dimensional (3D) EMHD wave packets moving in one direction. We obtain two major results. (1) Unlike its magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) counterpart, an EMHD wave packet is dispersive. Because of this, EMHD wave packets traveling in one direction create opposite-traveling wave packets via self-interaction and cascade energy to smaller scales. (2) EMHD wave packets traveling in one direction clearly exhibit inverse energy cascade. We find that the latter is due to conservation of magnetic helicity. We compare inverse energy cascade in 3D EMHD turbulence and two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic turbulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungyeon Cho
- Department of Astronomy & Space Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.
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Sandhu AS, Ravindra Kumar G, Sengupta S, Das A, Kaw PK. Real-time study of fast-electron transport inside dense hot plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2006; 73:036409. [PMID: 16605670 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.73.036409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We offer a method to study transport of fast electrons in dense hot media. The technique relies on temporal profiling of the laser induced magnetic fields and offers a unique capability to map the hot electron currents and their neutralization (or lack of it) by the return currents in the plasma. We report direct quantitative measurements of strong electric inhibition in insulators and turbulence induced anomalous stopping of hot electrons in conductors. The present technique can prove extremely important from the point of view of fast ignition scheme, which relies on the penetration of fast electrons into the fusion core.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Sandhu
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
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7
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Winglee RM. Ion cyclotron and heavy ion effects on reconnection in a global magnetotail. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004ja010385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Sentoku Y, Mima K, Kaw P, Nishikawa K. Anomalous resistivity resulting from MeV-electron transport in overdense plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:155001. [PMID: 12732040 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.155001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Laser produced hot electron transport in an overdense plasma is studied by three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. Hot electron currents into the plasma generate neutralizing return currents in the cold plasma electrons, leading to a configuration which is unstable to electromagnetic Weibel and tearing instabilities. The resulting current filaments self-organize through a coalescence process finally settling into a single global current channel. The plasma return current experiences a strong anomalous resistivity due to diffusive flow of cold electrons in the magnetic perturbations. The resulting electrostatic field leads to an anomalously rapid stopping of fast MeV electrons (almost 3 orders of magnitude stronger than that through classical collisional effects).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sentoku
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Sandhu AS, Dharmadhikari AK, Rajeev PP, Kumar GR, Sengupta S, Das A, Kaw PK. Laser-generated ultrashort multimegagauss magnetic pulses in plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:225002. [PMID: 12485075 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.225002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate ultrashort (6 ps), multimegagauss (27 MG) magnetic pulses generated upon interaction of an intense laser pulse (10(16) W cm(-2), 100 fs) with a solid target. The temporal evolution of these giant fields generated near the critical layer is obtained with the highest resolution reported thus far. Particle-in-cell simulations and phenomenological modeling is used to explain the results. The first direct observations of anomalously rapid damping of plasma shielding currents produced in response to the hot electron currents penetrating the bulk plasma are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Sandhu
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400 005, India
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Pritchett PL. Collisionless magnetic reconnection in a three-dimensional open system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001ja000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Shinohara I, Suzuki H, Fujimoto M, Hoshino M. Rapid large-scale magnetic-field dissipation in a collisionless current sheet via coupling between Kelvin-Helmholtz and lower-hybrid drift instabilities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:095001. [PMID: 11531571 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.095001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Rapid large-scale magnetic-field dissipation is observed in a full kinetic simulation of cross-field current instabilities in a current sheet even when the thickness of the current sheet is at ion scale. The Kelvin-Helmholtz instability caused by the velocity shear between the current-carrying ions and the cold background ions excites the lower-hybrid drift instability at the edges of the undulated current sheet. We show that the nonlinear coupling between these two instabilities is responsible for the observed rapid dissipation. The simulation result presents a new route for magnetic-field dissipation in an ion-scale current sheet and demonstrates the general significance of nonlinear cross-scale coupling in collisionless plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Shinohara
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching 85748, Germany
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12
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Deng XH, Matsumoto H. Rapid magnetic reconnection in the Earth's magnetosphere mediated by whistler waves. Nature 2001; 410:557-60. [PMID: 11279487 DOI: 10.1038/35069018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic reconnection has a crucial role in a variety of plasma environments in providing a mechanism for the fast release of stored magnetic energy. During reconnection the plasma forms a 'magnetic nozzle', like the nozzle of a hose, and the rate is controlled by how fast plasma can flow out of the nozzle. But the traditional picture of reconnection has been unable to explain satisfactorily the short timescales associated with the energy release, because the flow is mediated by heavy ions with a slow resultant velocity. Recent theoretical work has suggested that the energy release is instead mediated by electrons in waves called 'whistlers', which move much faster for a given perturbation of the magnetic field because of their smaller mass. Moreover, the whistler velocity and associated plasma velocity both increase as the 'nozzle' becomes narrower. A narrower nozzle therefore no longer reduces the total plasma flow-the outflow is independent of the size of the nozzle. Here we report observations demonstrating that reconnection in the magnetosphere is driven by whistlers, in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
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13
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Pritchett PL. Geospace Environment Modeling magnetic reconnection challenge: Simulations with a full particle electromagnetic code. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/1999ja001006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Ma ZW, Bhattacharjee A. Hall magnetohydrodynamic reconnection: The Geospace Environment Modeling challenge. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/1999ja001004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Hesse M, Birn J, Kuznetsova M. Collisionless magnetic reconnection: Electron processes and transport modeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/1999ja001002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Lakhina GS, Tsurutani BT, Kojima H, Matsumoto H. “Broadband” plasma waves in the boundary layers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000ja900054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Burke AT, Maggs JE, Morales GJ. Spontaneous fluctuations of a temperature filament in a magnetized plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:1451-1454. [PMID: 11017540 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This experiment illustrates the spatiotemporal pattern of the fluctuations that spontaneously develop in a magnetized temperature filament whose transverse scale is comparable to the electron skin depth. A high-frequency mode exhibits a striking spiral structure and is identified as a drift-Alfven eigenmode. A low-frequency mode is found to be localized near the center of the filament. It is documented that the fluctuations significantly increase the transport of heat beyond the prediction of classical theory based on Coulomb collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- AT Burke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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19
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Yamada M. Review of controlled laboratory experiments on physics of magnetic reconnection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998ja900169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Lakhina GS, Tsurutani BT. A generation mechanism for the polar cap boundary layer broadband plasma waves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/98ja02724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Song P, Zhu Z, Russell CT, Anderson RR, Gurnett DA, Ogilvie KW, Strangeway RJ. Properties of ELF emissions in the dayside magnetopause. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98ja02396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Tsurutani BT, Lakhina GS, Ho CM, Arballo JK, Galvan C, Boonsiriseth A, Pickett JS, Gurnett DA, Peterson WK, Thorne RM. Broadband plasma waves observed in the polar cap boundary layer: Polar. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97ja03063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Shay MA, Drake JF, Denton RE, Biskamp D. Structure of the dissipation region during collisionless magnetic reconnection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97ja03528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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24
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Kuznetsova MM, Hesse M, Winske D. Kinetic quasi-viscous and bulk flow inertia effects in collisionless magnetotail reconnection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97ja02699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Chang Z, Park W, Fredrickson ED, Batha SH, Bell MG, Bell R, Budny RV, Bush CE, Janos A, Levinton FM, McGuire KM, Park H, Sabbagh SA, Schmidt GL, Scott SD, Synakowski EJ, Takahashi H, Taylor G, Zarnstorff MC. Off-Axis Sawteeth and Double-Tearing Reconnectionin Reversed Magnetic Shear Plasmas in TFTR. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:3553-3556. [PMID: 10062249 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.3553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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26
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Biskamp D, Schwarz E, Drake JF. Two-dimensional electron magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 76:1264-1267. [PMID: 10061677 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.1264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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27
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Biskamp D, Schwarz E, Drake JF. Ion-controlled collisionless magnetic reconnection. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 75:3850-3853. [PMID: 10059747 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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