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Hefner S, Horstmann R, Kloth S, Vogel M. Quantitative Understanding of Liquid Dynamics at Interfaces from a Free-Energy Landscape Perspective. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:106201. [PMID: 39303258 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.106201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
On the basis of molecular dynamics simulations of water and ethanol in nanopores, we devise a methodology to determine the free-energy landscape (FEL) imposed by an interface on an adjoining liquid directly from the particle trajectories. The methodology merely uses the statistical mechanical relation between occupancy and energy and, hence, is particularly suitable in complex situations, e.g., for disordered or rough atomistic interfaces and molecular liquids, as encountered in many biological, geological, and technological situations. Moreover, we show that the thus-obtained FEL enables a quantitative understanding of interface effects on liquid dynamics. Specifically, by determining the local minima and barriers of the FEL and using an Arrhenius-like relation, we reproduce the very strong spatial variation of the structural relaxation time of water and ethanol across nanopores over a broad temperature range. We anticipate that the proposed FEL approach is transferable to various other liquids and interfaces.
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2
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Stadik A, Kahl G. Deformable hard particles confined in a disordered porous matrix. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:244507. [PMID: 34972368 DOI: 10.1063/5.0068680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With suitably designed Monte Carlo simulations, we have investigated the properties of mobile, impenetrable, yet deformable particles that are immersed into a porous matrix, the latter one realized by a frozen configuration of spherical particles. By virtue of a model put forward by Batista and Miller [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 088305 (2010)], the fluid particles can change in their surroundings, formed by other fluid particles or the matrix particles, their shape within the class of ellipsoids of revolution; such a change in shape is related to a change in energy, which is fed into suitably defined selection rules in the deformation "moves" of the Monte Carlo simulations. This concept represents a simple yet powerful model of realistic, deformable molecules with complex internal structures (such as dendrimers or polymers). For the evaluation of the properties of the system, we have used the well-known quenched-annealed protocol (with its characteristic double average prescription) and have analyzed the simulation data in terms of static properties (the radial distribution function and aspect ratio distribution of the ellipsoids) and dynamic features (notably the mean squared displacement). Our data provide evidence that the degree of deformability of the fluid particles has a distinct impact on the aforementioned properties of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Stadik
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Center for Computational Materials Science (CMS), Technische Universität Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, A-1040 Wien, Austria
| | - Gerhard Kahl
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Center for Computational Materials Science (CMS), Technische Universität Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, A-1040 Wien, Austria
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3
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Carter BMGD, Royall CP, Dyre JC, Ingebrigtsen TS. Isomorphs in nanoconfined liquids. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:8662-8677. [PMID: 34515711 PMCID: PMC8494272 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00233c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We study in this paper the possible existence of Roskilde-simple liquids and their isomorphs in a rough-wall nanoconfinement. Isomorphs are curves in the thermodynamic phase diagram along which structure and dynamics are invariant in suitable nondimensionalized units. Two model liquids using molecular dynamics computer simulations are considered: the single-component Lennard-Jones (LJ) liquid and the Kob-Andersen binary LJ mixture, both of which in the bulk phases are known to have good isomorphs. Nanoconfinement is implemented by adopting a slit-pore geometry with fcc crystalline walls; this implies inhomogenous density profiles both parallel and perpendicular to the confining walls. Despite this fact and consistent with an earlier study [Ingebrigtsen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 2013, 111, 235901] we find that these two nanoconfined liquids have isomorphs to a good approximation. More specifically, we show good invariance along the isomorphs of inhomogenous density profiles, mean-square displacements, and higher-order structures probed using the topological cluster classification algorithm. Our study thus provides an alternative framework for understanding nanoconfined liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M G D Carter
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - C Patrick Royall
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
- Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Jeppe C Dyre
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Postbox 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Trond S Ingebrigtsen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Postbox 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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4
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Liu K, Wang Y, Du Z, Zhang C, Mi J. Anisotropic Dynamics of Binary Particles in Confined Geometries. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:531-539. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201901163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Changzhou Institute of Advanced MaterialsBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Zhongjie Du
- Changzhou Institute of Advanced MaterialsBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Changzhou Institute of Advanced MaterialsBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Jianguo Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
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5
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Abstract
The glass transition in soft matter systems is generally triggered by an increase in packing fraction or a decrease in temperature. It has been conjectured that the internal topology of the constituent particles, such as polymers, can cause glassiness too. However, the conjecture relies on immobilizing a fraction of the particles and is therefore difficult to fulfill experimentally. Here we show that in dense solutions of circular polymers containing (active) segments of increased mobility, the interplay of the activity and the topology of the polymers generates an unprecedented glassy state of matter. The active isotropic driving enhances mutual ring threading to the extent that the rings can relax only in a cooperative way, which dramatically increases relaxation times. Moreover, the observed phenomena feature similarities with the conformation and dynamics of the DNA fibre in living nuclei of higher eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Smrek
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Iurii Chubak
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christos N Likos
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Kremer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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6
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Elizondo-Aguilera LF, Voigtmann T. Glass-transition asymptotics in two theories of glassy dynamics: Self-consistent generalized Langevin equation and mode-coupling theory. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:042601. [PMID: 31770981 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.042601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We contrast the generic features of structural relaxation close to the idealized glass transition that are predicted by the self-consistent generalized Langevin equation theory (SCGLE) against those that are predicted by the mode-coupling theory of the glass transition (MCT). We present an asymptotic solution close to conditions of kinetic arrest that is valid for both theories, despite the different starting points that are adopted in deriving them. This in particular provides the same level of understanding of the asymptotic dynamics in the SCGLE as was previously done only for MCT. We discuss similarities and different predictions of the two theories for kinetic arrest in standard glass-forming models, as exemplified through the hard-sphere system. Qualitative differences are found for models where a decoupling of relaxation modes is predicted, such as the generalized Gaussian core model, or binary hard-sphere mixtures of particles with very disparate sizes. These differences, which arise in the distinct treatment of the memory kernels associated to self- and collective motion of particles, lead to distinct scenarios that are predicted by each theory for partially arrested states and in the vicinity of higher-order glass-transition singularities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Elizondo-Aguilera
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), 51170 Köln, Germany
| | - Th Voigtmann
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), 51170 Köln, Germany.,Department of Physics, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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7
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Körber T, Minikejew R, Pötzschner B, Bock D, Rössler EA. Dynamically asymmetric binary glass formers studied by dielectric and NMR spectroscopy. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2019; 42:143. [PMID: 31773406 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11909-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the component dynamics in asymmetric binary glass formers. Focusing on the dielectric spectra of the high-Tg components m-tricresyl phosphate and quinaldine mixed with toluene as low-Tg component, the broadend spectra cannot be described by Kohlrausch or Cole-Davidson (CD) functions. Instead, we apply a generalized CD function which allows to control the width of the susceptibility independently of its high-frequency flank. The spectra show a common broadening and failure of the frequency-temperature superposition with increasing toluene concentration. This is confirmed by stimulated echo experiments showing an increased stretching of the probed orientational correlation function. In analogy to the definition of Tg, we consider "isodynamic points". For each component, a different but linear concentration dependence of 1/Tiso is revealed, indicating different time scales. Qualitativly, we do not find significant differences for the present mixtures with Tg-contrasts of 63-89K compared to those with larger Tg-contrast ( [Formula: see text] K): Whereas the high-Tg component shows relaxation features similar to those of neat glass formers, yet, with "atypical" weak relaxation broadening, the faster low-Tg component displays pronounced dynamic heterogeneities. This is supported by scrutinizing NMR relaxation data of several mixtures investigated previously as a function of concentration. A universal evolution of the dynamics of the high-Tg as well as the low-Tg component is suggested for mixtures with high [Formula: see text]Tg .
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Affiliation(s)
- Th Körber
- Universität Bayreuth, Anorganische Chemie III and Nordbayerisches NMR-Zentrum, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - R Minikejew
- Universität Bayreuth, Anorganische Chemie III and Nordbayerisches NMR-Zentrum, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - B Pötzschner
- Universität Bayreuth, Anorganische Chemie III and Nordbayerisches NMR-Zentrum, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - D Bock
- Universität Bayreuth, Anorganische Chemie III and Nordbayerisches NMR-Zentrum, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - E A Rössler
- Universität Bayreuth, Anorganische Chemie III and Nordbayerisches NMR-Zentrum, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
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8
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Mandal S, Schrack L, Löwen H, Sperl M, Franosch T. Persistent Anti-Correlations in Brownian Dynamics Simulations of Dense Colloidal Suspensions Revealed by Noise Suppression. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:168001. [PMID: 31702351 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.168001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transport properties of a hard-sphere colloidal fluid are investigated by Brownian dynamics simulations. We implement a novel algorithm for the time-dependent velocity-autocorrelation function (VACF) essentially eliminating the noise of the bare random motion. The measured VACF reveals persistent anti-correlations manifested by a negative algebraic power-law tail t^{-5/2} at all densities. At small packing fractions the simulations fully agree with the analytic low-density prediction, yet the amplitude of the tail becomes dramatically suppressed as the packing fraction is increased. The mode-coupling theory of the glass transition provides a qualitative explanation for the strong variation in terms of the static compressibility as well as the slowing down of the structural relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvendu Mandal
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lukas Schrack
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 21A, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hartmut Löwen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Sperl
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, 51170 Köln, Germany
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - Thomas Franosch
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 21A, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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9
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Qiao CZ, Zhao SL, Liu HL, Dong W. Connect the Thermodynamics of Bulk and Confined Fluids: Confinement-Adsorption Scaling. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:3840-3847. [PMID: 30691262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A fluid (a gas or a liquid) adsorbed in a porous material can behave very differently from its bulk counterpart. The advent of various synthesized materials with nanopores and their wide applications have provided strong impetus for studying fluids in confinement because our current understanding is still incomplete. From a large number of Monte Carlo simulations, we found a scaling relation that allows for connecting some thermodynamic properties (chemical potential, free energy per particle, and grand potential per particle) of a confined fluid to the bulk ones. Upon rescaling the adsorbed fluid density, the adsorption isotherms for many different confining environments collapse to the corresponding bulk curve. We also reveal the intimate connection of the reported scaling relation to Gibbs theory of inhomogeneous fluids and morphological thermodynamics. The advance in our understanding of confined fluids, gained from this study, also opens attractive perspectives for circumventing experimental difficulty for directly measuring some fluid thermodynamic properties in nanoporous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Z Qiao
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, UMR 5182 , 46, Allée d'Italie , 69364 Lyon Cedex 07 , France
| | | | | | - W Dong
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, UMR 5182 , 46, Allée d'Italie , 69364 Lyon Cedex 07 , France
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10
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Müller N, Vogel M. Relation between concentration fluctuations and dynamical heterogeneities in binary glass-forming liquids: A molecular dynamics simulation study. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:064502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5059355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Müller
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Vogel
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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11
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Mandal S, Franosch T, Voigtmann T. Glassy relaxation slows down by increasing mobility. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:9153-9158. [PMID: 30421769 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01581c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We find a striking trend reversal in the relaxation dynamics of mixtures with strong dynamical asymmetry. Simulations by both Brownian and Newtonian dynamics reveal that in mixtures of fast and slow hard spheres, above a critical density, the dynamics becomes slower upon increasing the mobility of the fast particles. Below that density, the same increase in mobility speeds up the dynamics. The critical density itself can be identified with the glass transition of the mode-coupling theory that does not depend on the dynamical asymmetry. The asymptotic dynamics close to the critical density is universal, but strong pre-asymptotic effects prevail in particular when the dynamical asymmetry also involves size asymmetry. Our observations reconcile earlier findings, where a strong dependence on kinetic parameters was found for the glassy dynamics, with the paradigm that the glass transition is determined by the properties of configuration space alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvendu Mandal
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Austria
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12
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Feng MK, Hou ZH. Mode-Coupling theory for glass transition of active-passive binary mixture. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/31/cjcp1806148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-kai Feng
- Department of Chemical Physics & Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscales, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhong-huai Hou
- Department of Chemical Physics & Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscales, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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13
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Laurati M, Sentjabrskaja T, Ruiz-Franco J, Egelhaaf SU, Zaccarelli E. Different scenarios of dynamic coupling in glassy colloidal mixtures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:18630-18638. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02559b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The composition of mixtures determines the mechanism of glass formation and dynamic coupling of different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Laurati
- División de Ciencias e Ingenierías
- Campus León
- Universidad de Guanajuato
- Loma del Bosque 103
- Lomas del Campestre
| | | | - José Ruiz-Franco
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- Università di Roma La Sapienza
- Roma 00185
- Italy
| | - Stefan U. Egelhaaf
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory
- Heinrich Heine University
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Emanuela Zaccarelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- Università di Roma La Sapienza
- Roma 00185
- Italy
- CNR-ISC (Institute for Complex Systems of National Research Council)
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14
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Mandal S, Lang S, Boţan V, Franosch T. Nonergodicity parameters of confined hard-sphere glasses. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:6167-6177. [PMID: 28796271 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00905d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Within a recently developed mode-coupling theory for fluids confined to a slit we elaborate numerical results for the long-time limits of suitably generalized intermediate scattering functions. The theory requires as input the density profile perpendicular to the plates, which we obtain from density functional theory within the fundamental-measure framework, as well as symmetry-adapted static structure factors, which can be calculated relying on the inhomogeneous Percus-Yevick closure. Our calculations for the nonergodicity parameters for both the collective as well as for the self motion are in qualitative agreement with our extensive event-driven molecular dynamics simulations for the intermediate scattering functions for slightly polydisperse hard-sphere systems at high packing fraction. We show that the variation of the nonergodicity parameters as a function of the wavenumber correlates with the in-plane static structure factors, while subtle effects become apparent in the structure factors and relaxation times of higher mode indices. A criterion to predict the multiple reentrant from the variation of the in-plane static structure is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvendu Mandal
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 21A, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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15
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Konincks T, Krakoviack V. Dynamics of fluids in quenched-random potential energy landscapes: a mode-coupling theory approach. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:5283-5297. [PMID: 28677713 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00984d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by a number of recent experimental and computational studies of the dynamics of fluids plunged in quenched-disordered external fields, we report on a theoretical investigation of this topic within the framework of the mode-coupling theory, based on the simple model of the hard-sphere fluid in a Gaussian random field. The possible dynamical arrest scenarios driven by an increase of the disorder strength and/or of the fluid density are mapped, and the corresponding evolutions of time-dependent quantities typically used for the characterization of anomalous self-diffusion are illustrated with detailed computations. Overall, a fairly reasonable picture of the dynamics of the system at hand is outlined, which in particular involves a non-monotonicity of the self-diffusion coefficient with fluid density at fixed disorder strength, in agreement with experiments. The disorder correlation length is shown to have a strong influence on the latter feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Konincks
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F-69342, Lyon, France.
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16
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Feng M, Hou Z. Mode coupling theory for nonequilibrium glassy dynamics of thermal self-propelled particles. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:4464-4481. [PMID: 28580481 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00852j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a mode coupling theory study for the relaxation and glassy dynamics of a system of strongly interacting self-propelled particles, wherein the self-propulsion force is described by Ornstein-Uhlenbeck colored noise and thermal noises are included. Our starting point is an effective Smoluchowski equation governing the distribution function of particle positions, from which we derive a memory function equation for the time dependence of density fluctuations in nonequilibrium steady states. With the basic assumption of the absence of macroscopic currents and standard mode coupling approximation, we can obtain expressions for the irreducible memory function and other relevant dynamic terms, wherein the nonequilibrium character of the active system is manifested through an averaged diffusion coefficient D[combining macron] and a nontrivial structural function S2(q) with q being the magnitude of wave vector q. D[combining macron] and S2(q) enter the frequency term and the vertex term for the memory function, and thus influence both the short time and the long time dynamics of the system. With these equations obtained, we study the glassy dynamics of this thermal self-propelled particle system by investigating the Debye-Waller factor fq and relaxation time τα as functions of the persistence time τp of self-propulsion, the single particle effective temperature Teff as well as the number density ρ. Consequently, we find the critical density ρc for given τp shifts to larger values with increasing magnitude of propulsion force or effective temperature, in good accordance with previously reported simulation work. In addition, the theory facilitates us to study the critical effective temperature T for fixed ρ as well as its dependence on τp. We find that T increases with τp and in the limit τp → 0, it approaches the value for a simple passive Brownian system as expected. Our theory also well recovers the results for passive systems and can be easily extended to more complex systems such as active-passive mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Feng
- Department of Chemical Physics & Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscales, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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17
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Qiao CZ, Zhao SL, Liu HL, Dong W. Fluids in porous media. IV. Quench effect on chemical potential. J Chem Phys 2017. [PMID: 28641429 DOI: 10.1063/1.4984773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It appears to be a common sense to measure the crowdedness of a fluid system by the densities of the species constituting it. In the present work, we show that this ceases to be valid for confined fluids under some conditions. A quite thorough investigation is made for a hard sphere (HS) fluid adsorbed in a hard sphere matrix (a quench-annealed system) and its corresponding equilibrium binary mixture. When fluid particles are larger than matrix particles, the quench-annealed system can appear much more crowded than its corresponding equilibrium binary mixture, i.e., having a much higher fluid chemical potential, even when the density of each species is strictly the same in both systems, respectively. We believe that the insight gained from this study should be useful for the design of functionalized porous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Z Qiao
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, UMR 5182, 46, Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - S L Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, China
| | - H L Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, China
| | - W Dong
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, UMR 5182, 46, Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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18
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Taamalli S, Belmabrouk H, Van Hoang V, Teboul V. How do packing defects modify the cooperative motions in supercooled liquids? Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Pötzschner B, Mohamed F, Bächer C, Wagner E, Lichtinger A, Minikejew R, Kreger K, Schmidt HW, Rössler EA. Non-polymeric asymmetric binary glass-formers. I. Main relaxations studied by dielectric, 2H NMR, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:164503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4980084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. Pötzschner
- Experimentalphysik II, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany and Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - F. Mohamed
- Experimentalphysik II, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany and Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - C. Bächer
- Experimentalphysik II, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany and Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - E. Wagner
- Experimentalphysik II, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany and Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - A. Lichtinger
- Experimentalphysik II, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany and Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - R. Minikejew
- Experimentalphysik II, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany and Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - K. Kreger
- Experimentalphysik II, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany and Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - H.-W. Schmidt
- Experimentalphysik II, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany and Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - E. A. Rössler
- Experimentalphysik II, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany and Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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20
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Schnyder SK, Skinner TOE, Thorneywork AL, Aarts DGAL, Horbach J, Dullens RPA. Dynamic heterogeneities and non-Gaussian behavior in two-dimensional randomly confined colloidal fluids. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:032602. [PMID: 28415279 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.032602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A binary mixture of superparamagnetic colloidal particles is confined between glass plates such that the large particles become fixed and provide a two-dimensional disordered matrix for the still mobile small particles, which form a fluid. By varying fluid and matrix area fractions and tuning the interactions between the superparamagnetic particles via an external magnetic field, different regions of the state diagram are explored. The mobile particles exhibit delocalized dynamics at small matrix area fractions and localized motion at high matrix area fractions, and the localization transition is rounded by the soft interactions [T. O. E. Skinner et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 128301 (2013)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.111.128301]. Expanding on previous work, we find the dynamics of the tracers to be strongly heterogeneous and show that molecular dynamics simulations of an ideal gas confined in a fixed matrix exhibit similar behavior. The simulations show how these soft interactions make the dynamics more heterogeneous compared to the disordered Lorentz gas and lead to strong non-Gaussian fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon K Schnyder
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Thomas O E Skinner
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alice L Thorneywork
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk G A L Aarts
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jürgen Horbach
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roel P A Dullens
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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21
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Ding H, Jiang H, Zhao N, Hou Z. Diffusion of a Rouse chain in porous media: A mode-coupling-theory study. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:012121. [PMID: 28208313 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.012121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We use a kinetic mode-coupling theory (MCT) combining with generalized Langevin equation (GLE) to study the diffusion and conformational dynamics of a bead-spring Rouse chain (RC) dissolved in porous media. The media contains fluid particles and immobile matrix ones wherein the latter leads to the lack of translational invariance. The friction kernel ζ(t) used in the GLE can be obtained directly by adopting a simple density-functional approach in which the density correlators calculated by MCT equations of porous media serve as inputs. Due to cage effects generated by surrounding particles, ζ(t) shows a very long tail memory in the high volume fraction of fluid and matrix. It is found that the long-time center-of-mass diffusion constant D_{CM} of the RC decreases with the increment of volume fraction, influencing more strongly by the matrix particles than by the fluid ones. The auto-correlation function (ACF) of the end-to-end distance fluctuation can also be calculated theoretically based on GLE. Of particular interest is that the power-law region of ACF has a nearly fixed length in logarithmic scale when it shifts to longer time range, with increasing the volume fraction of media particles. Moreover, the effect of lack of translational invariance has been investigated by comparing the results between fluid-matrix and pure fluid cases under identical total volume fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Ding
- Department of Chemical Physics & Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscales, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Huijun Jiang
- Department of Chemical Physics & Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscales, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Nanrong Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhonghuai Hou
- Department of Chemical Physics & Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscales, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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22
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Varnik F, Franosch T. Non-monotonic effect of confinement on the glass transition. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:133001. [PMID: 26940539 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/13/133001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The relaxation dynamics of glass forming liquids and their structure are influenced in the vicinity of confining walls. This effect has mostly been observed to be a monotonic function of the slit width. Recently, a qualitatively new behaviour has been uncovered by Mittal and coworkers, who reported that the single particle dynamics in a hard-sphere fluid confined in a planar slit varies in a non-monotonic way as the slit width is decreased from five to roughly two particle diametres (Mittal et al 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 145901). In view of the great potential of this effect for applications in those fields of science and industry, where liquids occur under strong confinement (e.g. nano-technology), the number of researchers studying various aspects and consequences of this non-monotonic behaviour has been rapidly growing. This review aims at providing an overview of the research activity in this newly emerging field. We first briefly discuss how competing mechanisms such as packing effects and short-range attraction may lead to a non-monotonic glass transition scenario in the bulk. We then analyse confinement effects on the dynamics of fluids using a thermodynamic route which relates the single particle dynamics to the excess entropy. Moreover, relating the diffusive dynamics to the Widom's insertion probability, the oscillations of the local dynamics with density at moderate densities are fairly well described. At high densities belonging to the supercooled regime, however, this approach breaks down signaling the onset of strongly collective effects. Indeed, confinement introduces a new length scale which in the limit of high densities and small pore sizes competes with the short-range local order of the fluid. This gives rise to a non-monotonic dependence of the packing structure on confinement, with a corresponding effect on the dynamics of structural relaxation. This non-monotonic effect occurs also in the case of a cone-plate type channel, where the degree of confinement varies with distance from the apex. This is a very promising issue for future research with the possibility of uncovering the existence of alternating glassy and liquid-like domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathollah Varnik
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulation (ICAMS), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
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23
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Sentjabrskaja T, Zaccarelli E, De Michele C, Sciortino F, Tartaglia P, Voigtmann T, Egelhaaf SU, Laurati M. Anomalous dynamics of intruders in a crowded environment of mobile obstacles. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11133. [PMID: 27041068 PMCID: PMC4822008 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many natural and industrial processes rely on constrained transport, such as proteins moving through cells, particles confined in nanocomposite materials or gels, individuals in highly dense collectives and vehicular traffic conditions. These are examples of motion through crowded environments, in which the host matrix may retain some glass-like dynamics. Here we investigate constrained transport in a colloidal model system, in which dilute small spheres move in a slowly rearranging, glassy matrix of large spheres. Using confocal differential dynamic microscopy and simulations, here we discover a critical size asymmetry, at which anomalous collective transport of the small particles appears, manifested as a logarithmic decay of the density autocorrelation functions. We demonstrate that the matrix mobility is central for the observed anomalous behaviour. These results, crucially depending on size-induced dynamic asymmetry, are of relevance for a wide range of phenomena ranging from glassy systems to cell biology. The classical Lorentz gas model is widely used to describe constrained transport, but its assumption of an immobile environment is not applicable to many biological and industrial processes. Here, the authors show that the mobility of the matrix induces anomalous, logarithmic dynamics of the confined particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Sentjabrskaja
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Emanuela Zaccarelli
- CNR-ISC, Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', Piazzale A. Moro 2, Roma 00185, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', Piazzale A. Moro 2, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Cristiano De Michele
- CNR-ISC, Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', Piazzale A. Moro 2, Roma 00185, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', Piazzale A. Moro 2, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Francesco Sciortino
- CNR-ISC, Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', Piazzale A. Moro 2, Roma 00185, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', Piazzale A. Moro 2, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Piero Tartaglia
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', Piazzale A. Moro 2, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Thomas Voigtmann
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), 51170 Köln, Germany.,Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan U Egelhaaf
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marco Laurati
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,División de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad de Guanajuato, Loma del Bosque 103, León 37150, Mexico
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24
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Gupta S, Mamontov E, Jalarvo N, Stingaciu L, Ohl M. Characteristic length scales of the secondary relaxations in glass-forming glycerol. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2016; 39:40. [PMID: 27021657 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2016-16040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the secondary relaxations and their link to the main structural relaxation in glass-forming liquids using glycerol as a model system. We analyze the incoherent neutron scattering signal dependence on the scattering momentum transfer, Q , in order to obtain the characteristic length scale for different secondary relaxations. Such a capability of neutron scattering makes it somewhat unique and highly complementary to the traditional techniques of glass physics, such as light scattering and broadband dielectric spectroscopy, which provide information on the time scale, but not the length scales, of relaxation processes. The choice of suitable neutron scattering techniques depends on the time scale of the relaxation of interest. We use neutron backscattering to identify the characteristic length scale of 0.7 Å for the faster secondary relaxation described in the framework of the mode-coupling theory (MCT). Neutron spin-echo is employed to probe the slower secondary relaxation of the excess wing type at a low temperature ( ∼ 1.13T g . The characteristic length scale for this excess wing dynamics is approximately 4.7 Å. Besides the Q -dependence, the direct coupling of neutron scattering signal to density fluctuation makes this technique indispensable for measuring the length scale of the microscopic relaxation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gupta
- JCNS-SNS, Biology and Soft-matter Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Bethel Valley Road, PO BOX 2008 MS6473, 37831, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
| | - E Mamontov
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), PO BOX 2008 MS6473, 37831-6473, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - N Jalarvo
- JCNS-SNS, Biology and Soft-matter Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Bethel Valley Road, PO BOX 2008 MS6473, 37831, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), PO BOX 2008 MS6473, 37831-6473, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - L Stingaciu
- JCNS-SNS, Biology and Soft-matter Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Bethel Valley Road, PO BOX 2008 MS6473, 37831, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - M Ohl
- JCNS-SNS, Biology and Soft-matter Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Bethel Valley Road, PO BOX 2008 MS6473, 37831, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
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25
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Spanner M, Höfling F, Kapfer SC, Mecke KR, Schröder-Turk GE, Franosch T. Splitting of the Universality Class of Anomalous Transport in Crowded Media. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:060601. [PMID: 26918973 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.060601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the emergence of subdiffusive transport by obstruction in continuum models for molecular crowding. While the underlying percolation transition for the accessible space displays universal behavior, the dynamic properties depend in a subtle nonuniversal way on the transport through narrow channels. At the same time, the different universality classes are robust with respect to introducing correlations in the obstacle matrix as we demonstrate for quenched hard-sphere liquids as underlying structures. Our results confirm that the microscopic dynamics can dominate the relaxational behavior even at long times, in striking contrast to glassy dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Spanner
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Höfling
- Fachbereich Mathematik und Informatik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, and IV. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sebastian C Kapfer
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus R Mecke
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerd E Schröder-Turk
- Murdoch University, School of Engineering and IT, Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Thomas Franosch
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 21A, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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26
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Pötzschner B, Mohamed F, Lichtinger A, Bock D, Rössler EA. Dynamics of asymmetric non-polymeric binary glass formers—A nuclear magnetic resonance and dielectric spectroscopy study. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:154506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4932981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. Pötzschner
- Experimentalphysik II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - F. Mohamed
- Experimentalphysik II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - A. Lichtinger
- Experimentalphysik II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - D. Bock
- Experimentalphysik II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - E. A. Rössler
- Experimentalphysik II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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27
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Teboul V, Barillé R, Tajalli P, Ahmadi-Kandjani S, Tajalli H, Zielinska S, Ortyl E. Light mediated emergence of surface patterns in azopolymers at low temperatures. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:6444-6449. [PMID: 26179125 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00846h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polymer thin films doped with azobenzene molecules do have the ability to organize themselves in spontaneous surface relief gratings (SRG) under irradiation using a single polarized beam. To shed some light on this still unexplained phenomenon, we use a new method that permits us to access experimentally the very first steps of the pattern formation process. By decreasing the temperature, we slow down the formation and organization of patterns, due to the large increase in the viscosity and relaxation time of the azopolymer. As a result, decreasing the temperature allows us to access and study much shorter time scales, in the physical mechanisms underlying the pattern formation, than those previously reported. We find that the patterns organize themselves in sub-structures which size increases with the temperature, following the diffusion coefficient evolution of the material. This result suggests that the pattern formation and organization are mainly governed by diffusive processes, in agreement with some theories of SRG formation. Upon decreasing the temperature further, we observe the emergence of small voids located at the junction of the sub-structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Teboul
- Laboratoire de Photonique d'Angers EA 4464, University of Angers, Physics Department, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, France.
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28
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Heinen M, Schnyder SK, Brady JF, Löwen H. Classical Liquids in Fractal Dimension. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:097801. [PMID: 26371681 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.097801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We introduce fractal liquids by generalizing classical liquids of integer dimensions d=1,2,3 to a noninteger dimension dl. The particles composing the liquid are fractal objects and their configuration space is also fractal, with the same dimension. Realizations of our generic model system include microphase separated binary liquids in porous media, and highly branched liquid droplets confined to a fractal polymer backbone in a gel. Here, we study the thermodynamics and pair correlations of fractal liquids by computer simulation and semianalytical statistical mechanics. Our results are based on a model where fractal hard spheres move on a near-critical percolating lattice cluster. The predictions of the fractal Percus-Yevick liquid integral equation compare well with our simulation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Heinen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Simon K Schnyder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - John F Brady
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Hartmut Löwen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II, Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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29
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Vest JP, Tarjus G, Viot P. Mode-coupling approach for the slow dynamics of a liquid on a spherical substrate. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:084505. [PMID: 26328854 DOI: 10.1063/1.4928513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the dynamics of a one-component liquid constrained on a spherical substrate, a 2-sphere, and investigate how the mode-coupling theory (MCT) can describe the new features brought by the presence of curvature. To this end we have derived the MCT equations in a spherical geometry. We find that, as seen from the MCT, the slow dynamics of liquids in curved space at low temperature does not qualitatively differ from that of glass-forming liquids in Euclidean space. The MCT predicts the right trend for the evolution of the relaxation slowdown with curvature but is dramatically off at a quantitative level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien-Piera Vest
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS UMR 7600, UPMC, Sorbonne-Universités, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Gilles Tarjus
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS UMR 7600, UPMC, Sorbonne-Universités, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Pascal Viot
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS UMR 7600, UPMC, Sorbonne-Universités, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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30
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Elizondo-Aguilera LF, Medina-Noyola M. Localization and dynamical arrest of colloidal fluids in a disordered matrix of polydisperse obstacles. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:224901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4922155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fernando Elizondo-Aguilera
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Apartado Postal 1152, 72000 Puebla, PUE., México
| | - Magdaleno Medina-Noyola
- Instituto de Física Manuel Sandoval Vallarta, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Alvaro Obregón 64, 78000 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
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31
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Zaccarelli E, Liddle SM, Poon WCK. On polydispersity and the hard sphere glass transition. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:324-330. [PMID: 25412138 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm02321h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the dynamics of polydisperse hard spheres at high packing fractions ϕ. We use extensive numerical simulations based on an experimentally-realistic particle size distribution (PSD) and compare to commonly-used PSDs such as Gaussian or top hat distribution. We find that the mode of kinetic arrest depends on the PSD's shape and not only on its variance. For the experimentally-realistic PSD we find ageing dynamics even though the density correlators decay fully to zero for ϕ ≥ 0.59. We observe substantial decoupling of the dynamics of the smallest and largest particles. While the smallest particles remain diffusive in all our simulations, a power-law describes the largest-particle diffusion, suggesting an ideal arrest at ϕc ∼ 0.588. The latter is however averted just before ϕc, due to the presence of the mobile smallest particles. In addition, we identify that a partial aging mechanism is at work, whose effects are most pronounced for the largest particles. By comparing our results with recent experimental observations of ergodic behavior up to ϕ ∼ 0.6 in a hard-sphere system, we argue that this is an effect of polydispersity, which smears out the glass transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Zaccarelli
- CNR-ISC Uos Sapienza and Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 2, I-00185, Roma, Italy.
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32
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Nandi SK, Biroli G, Bouchaud JP, Miyazaki K, Reichman DR. Critical dynamical heterogeneities close to continuous second-order glass transitions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:245701. [PMID: 25541779 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.245701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We analyze, using inhomogeneous mode-coupling theory, the critical scaling behavior of the dynamical susceptibility at a distance ε from continuous second-order glass transitions. We find that the dynamical correlation length ξ behaves generically as ε(-1/3) and that the upper critical dimension is equal to six. More surprisingly, we find that ξ grows with time as ln²t exactly at criticality. All of these results suggest a deep analogy between the glassy behavior of attractive colloids or randomly pinned supercooled liquids and that of the random field Ising model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Kumar Nandi
- Institut de Physique Théorique, CEA/DSM/IPhT-CNRS/URA 2306 CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Giulio Biroli
- Institut de Physique Théorique, CEA/DSM/IPhT-CNRS/URA 2306 CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | - David R Reichman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, USA
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33
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Lang S, Schilling R, Franosch T. Glassy dynamics in confinement: planar and bulk limits of the mode-coupling theory. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:062126. [PMID: 25615063 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.062126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate how the matrix-valued mode-coupling theory of the glass transition and glassy dynamics in planar confinement converges to the corresponding theory for two-dimensional (2D) planar and the three-dimensional bulk liquid, provided the wall potential satisfies certain conditions. Since the mode-coupling theory relies on the static properties as input, the emergence of a homogeneous limit for the matrix-valued intermediate scattering functions is directly connected to the convergence of the corresponding static quantities to their conventional counterparts. We show that the 2D limit is more subtle than the bulk limit, in particular, the in-planar dynamics decouples from the motion perpendicular to the walls. We investigate the frozen-in parts of the intermediate scattering function in the glass state and find that the limits time t→∞ and effective wall separation L→0 do not commute due to the mutual coupling of the residual transversal and lateral force kernels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lang
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25/2, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rolf Schilling
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Franosch
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25/2, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Arenzon JJ, Coniglio A, Fierro A, Sellitto M. Percolation approach to glassy dynamics with continuously broken ergodicity. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:020301. [PMID: 25215672 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We show that the relaxation dynamics near a glass transition with continuous ergodicity breaking can be endowed with a geometric interpretation based on percolation theory. At the mean-field level this approach is consistent with the mode-coupling theory (MCT) of type-A liquid-glass transitions and allows one to disentangle the universal and nonuniversal contributions to MCT relaxation exponents. Scaling predictions for the time correlation function are successfully tested in the F(12) schematic model and facilitated spin systems on a Bethe lattice. Our approach immediately suggests the extension of MCT scaling laws to finite spatial dimensions and yields predictions for dynamic relaxation exponents below an upper critical dimension of 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeferson J Arenzon
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CP 15051, 91501-970 Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - Antonio Coniglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and CNR-SPIN, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Annalisa Fierro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy and CNR-SPIN, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mauro Sellitto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell'Informazione, Seconda Università di Napoli, Real Casa dell'Annunziata, I-81031 Aversa (CE), Italy
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35
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Mandal S, Lang S, Gross M, Oettel M, Raabe D, Franosch T, Varnik F. Multiple reentrant glass transitions in confined hard-sphere glasses. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4435. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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36
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Ingebrigtsen TS, Dyre JC. The impact range for smooth wall-liquid interactions in nanoconfined liquids. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:4324-31. [PMID: 24791276 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm52441h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Bulk and nanoconfined liquids have very different physics; for instance, nanoconfined liquids show stratification and position-dependent relaxation processes. A number of similarities between bulk and nanoconfined liquids have nevertheless been reported in computer simulations during the last decade. Inspired by these observations, we present results from molecular dynamics computer simulations of four nanoconfined liquids (the single-component Lennard-Jones liquid, the Kob-Andersen binary Lennard-Jones mixture, an asymmetric dumbbell model, and the Dzugutov liquid) demonstrating also a microscopic similarity between bulk and nanoconfined liquids. The results show that the interaction range for the wall-liquid and liquid-liquid interactions of the nanoconfined liquid is identical to that of the bulk liquid if the liquid is "Roskilde simple" in bulk as well as nanoconfinement, i.e., exhibits strong correlations between virial and potential-energy equilibrium fluctuations in the NVT ensemble. Under this condition, interactions beyond the first coordination shell may be ignored, in particular for the wall-liquid interactions. This is shown not to be the case for non-Roskilde-simple liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trond S Ingebrigtsen
- DNRF Centre "Glass and Time", IMFUFA, Department of Sciences, Roskilde University, Postbox 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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37
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Lang S, Franosch T. Tagged-particle motion in a dense confined liquid. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:062122. [PMID: 25019740 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.062122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the dynamics of a tagged particle embedded in a strongly interacting confined liquid enclosed between two opposing flat walls. Using the Zwanzig-Mori projection operator formalism we obtain an equation of motion for the incoherent scattering function suitably generalized to account for the lack of translational symmetry. We close the equations of motion by a self-consistent mode-coupling ansatz. The interaction of the tracer with the surrounding liquid is encoded in generalized direct correlation functions. We extract the in-plane dynamics and provide a microscopic expression for the diffusion coefficient parallel to the walls. The solute particle may differ in size or interaction from the surrounding host-liquid constituents offering the possibility of a systematic analysis of dynamic effects on the tagged-particle motion in confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lang
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25/2, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria and and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Franosch
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25/2, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria and and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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38
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Ingebrigtsen TS, Errington JR, Truskett TM, Dyre JC. Predicting how nanoconfinement changes the relaxation time of a supercooled liquid. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:235901. [PMID: 24476293 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.235901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The properties of nanoconfined fluids can be strikingly different from those of bulk liquids. A basic unanswered question is whether the equilibrium and dynamic consequences of confinement are related to each other in a simple way. We study this question by simulation of a liquid comprising asymmetric dumbbell-shaped molecules, which can be deeply supercooled without crystallizing. We find that the dimensionless structural relaxation times-spanning six decades as a function of temperature, density, and degree of confinement-collapse when plotted versus excess entropy. The data also collapse when plotted versus excess isochoric heat capacity, a behavior consistent with the existence of isomorphs in the bulk and confined states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trond S Ingebrigtsen
- DNRF Centre "Glass and Time," IMFUFA, Department of Sciences, Roskilde University, Postbox 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey R Errington
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Thomas M Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Jeppe C Dyre
- DNRF Centre "Glass and Time," IMFUFA, Department of Sciences, Roskilde University, Postbox 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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39
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Krekelberg WP, Siderius DW, Shen VK, Truskett TM, Errington JR. Connection between thermodynamics and dynamics of simple fluids in highly attractive pores. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:14527-14535. [PMID: 24160818 DOI: 10.1021/la4037327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Using molecular simulations, we investigate the structural and diffusive dynamics properties of a model fluid in highly absorptive cylindrical pores. At subcritical temperatures, self-diffusivity displays three distinct regimes as a function of average pore density ρ: (1) a decrease in self-diffusivity with increasing ρ at low ρ, (2) constant self-diffusivity with respect to varying ρ at moderate density, and (3) a decrease in self-diffusivity with increasing ρ at high density. These regimes are closely linked to the thermodynamic properties of the fluid in the pore, specifically, the adsorption isotherm, isosteric heat of adsorption, and the density profile. We show that these three diffusivity regimes qualitatively correspond to three distinct adsorption regimes: monolayer formation, multilayer adsorption, and pore filling, respectively. In addition, we find that the self-diffusivity is a universal function of the local film density in the monolayer formation regime at subcritical temperatures. The results of this work suggest a potential means to estimate the self-diffusivity over a broad pressure range using a limited number of experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Krekelberg
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8320, United States
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40
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Khairy Y, Alvarez F, Arbe A, Colmenero J. Applicability of mode-coupling theory to polyisobutylene: a molecular dynamics simulation study. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 88:042302. [PMID: 24229167 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.042302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The applicability of Mode Coupling Theory (MCT) to the glass-forming polymer polyisobutylene (PIB) has been explored by using fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. MCT predictions for the so-called asymptotic regime have been successfully tested on the dynamic structure factor and the self-correlation function of PIB main-chain carbons calculated from the simulated cell. The factorization theorem and the time-temperature superposition principle are satisfied. A consistent fitting procedure of the simulation data to the MCT asymptotic power-laws predicted for the α-relaxation regime has delivered the dynamic exponents of the theory-in particular, the exponent parameter λ-the critical non-ergodicity parameters, and the critical temperature T(c). The obtained values of λ and T(c) agree, within the uncertainties involved in both studies, with those deduced from depolarized light scattering experiments [A. Kisliuk et al., J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 38, 2785 (2000)]. Both, λ and T(c)/T(g) values found for PIB are unusually large with respect to those commonly obtained in low molecular weight systems. Moreover, the high T(c)/T(g) value is compatible with a certain correlation of this parameter with the fragility in Angell's classification. Conversely, the value of λ is close to that reported for real polymers, simulated "realistic" polymers and simple polymer models with intramolecular barriers. In the framework of the MCT, such finding should be the signature of two different mechanisms for the glass-transition in real polymers: intermolecular packing and intramolecular barriers combined with chain connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Khairy
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) - Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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41
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Skinner TOE, Schnyder SK, Aarts DGAL, Horbach J, Dullens RPA. Localization dynamics of fluids in random confinement. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:128301. [PMID: 24093304 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.128301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of two-dimensional fluids confined within a random matrix of obstacles is investigated using both colloidal model experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. By varying fluid and matrix area fractions in the experiment, we find delocalized tracer particle dynamics at small matrix area fractions and localized motion of the tracers at high matrix area fractions. In the delocalized region, the dynamics is subdiffusive at intermediate times, and diffusive at long times, while in the localized regime, trapping in finite pockets of the matrix is observed. These observations are found to agree with the simulation of an ideal gas confined in a weakly correlated matrix. Our results show that Lorentz gas systems with soft interactions are exhibiting a smoothening of the critical dynamics and consequently a rounded delocalization-to-localization transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O E Skinner
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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42
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Sellitto M. Disconnected glass-glass transitions and swallowtail bifurcations in microscopic spin models with facilitated dynamics. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:224507. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4809741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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43
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Höfling F, Franosch T. Anomalous transport in the crowded world of biological cells. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2013; 76:046602. [PMID: 23481518 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/76/4/046602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 589] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A ubiquitous observation in cell biology is that the diffusive motion of macromolecules and organelles is anomalous, and a description simply based on the conventional diffusion equation with diffusion constants measured in dilute solution fails. This is commonly attributed to macromolecular crowding in the interior of cells and in cellular membranes, summarizing their densely packed and heterogeneous structures. The most familiar phenomenon is a sublinear, power-law increase of the mean-square displacement (MSD) as a function of the lag time, but there are other manifestations like strongly reduced and time-dependent diffusion coefficients, persistent correlations in time, non-Gaussian distributions of spatial displacements, heterogeneous diffusion and a fraction of immobile particles. After a general introduction to the statistical description of slow, anomalous transport, we summarize some widely used theoretical models: Gaussian models like fractional Brownian motion and Langevin equations for visco-elastic media, the continuous-time random walk model, and the Lorentz model describing obstructed transport in a heterogeneous environment. Particular emphasis is put on the spatio-temporal properties of the transport in terms of two-point correlation functions, dynamic scaling behaviour, and how the models are distinguished by their propagators even if the MSDs are identical. Then, we review the theory underlying commonly applied experimental techniques in the presence of anomalous transport like single-particle tracking, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). We report on the large body of recent experimental evidence for anomalous transport in crowded biological media: in cyto- and nucleoplasm as well as in cellular membranes, complemented by in vitro experiments where a variety of model systems mimic physiological crowding conditions. Finally, computer simulations are discussed which play an important role in testing the theoretical models and corroborating the experimental findings. The review is completed by a synthesis of the theoretical and experimental progress identifying open questions for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Höfling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, and Institut für Theoretische Physik IV, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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44
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Franz S, Parisi G, Ricci-Tersenghi F, Rizzo T, Urbani P. A note on weakly discontinuous dynamical transitions. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:064504. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4790517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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45
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Gallo P, Rovere M. Mode coupling and fragile to strong transition in supercooled TIP4P water. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:164503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4759262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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46
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Jardat M, Hribar-Lee B, Dahirel V, Vlachy V. Self-diffusion and activity coefficients of ions in charged disordered media. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:114507. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4752111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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47
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Xu WS, Sun ZY, An LJ. Structure, compressibility factor, and dynamics of highly size-asymmetric binary hard-disk liquids. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:104509. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4751546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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48
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Sellitto M. Cooperative heterogeneous facilitation: multiple glassy states and glass-glass transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 86:030502. [PMID: 23030856 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.030502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The formal structure of glass singularities in the mode-coupling theory (MCT) of supercooled liquids dynamics is closely related to that appearing in the analysis of heterogeneous bootstrap percolation on Bethe lattices, random graphs, and complex networks. Starting from this observation one can build up microscopic on-lattice realizations of schematic MCT based on cooperative facilitated spin mixtures. I discuss a microscopic implementation of the F(13) schematic model including multiple glassy states and the glass-glass transition. Results suggest that our approach is flexible enough to bridge alternative theoretical descriptions of glassy matter based on the notions of quenched disorder and dynamic facilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Sellitto
- Department of Information Engineering, Second University of Naples, I-81031 Aversa (CE), Italy
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49
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Lang S, Schilling R, Krakoviack V, Franosch T. Mode-coupling theory of the glass transition for confined fluids. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 86:021502. [PMID: 23005764 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.021502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed derivation of a microscopic theory for the glass transition of a liquid enclosed between two parallel walls relying on a mode-coupling approximation. This geometry lacks translational invariance perpendicular to the walls, which implies that the density profile and the density-density correlation function depends explicitly on the distances to the walls. We discuss the residual symmetry properties in slab geometry and introduce a symmetry adapted complete set of two-point correlation functions. Since the currents naturally split into components parallel and perpendicular to the walls the mathematical structure of the theory differs from the established mode-coupling equations in bulk. We prove that the equations for the nonergodicity parameters still display a covariance property similar to bulk liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lang
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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50
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Blochowicz T, Schramm S, Lusceac S, Vogel M, Stühn B, Gutfreund P, Frick B. Signature of a type-A glass transition and intrinsic confinement effects in a binary glass-forming system. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:035702. [PMID: 22861871 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.035702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We study dynamically highly asymmetric binary mixtures comprised of small methyl tetrahydrofuran (MTHF) molecules and polystyrene. Combined use of dielectric spectroscopy, 2H nuclear magnetic resonance, incoherent quasielastic neutron scattering, and depolarized dynamic light scattering allows us to selectively probe the dynamics of the components in a broad dynamic range. It turns out that the mixtures exhibit two glass transitions in a wide concentration range although being fully miscible on a macroscopic scale. In between both glass transition temperatures, the dynamics of the small molecules show strong confinement effects, e.g., a crossover from Vogel-Fulcher to Arrhenius behavior of the time constants. Moreover, the dynamical behavior of small molecules close to the slow matrix is consistent with mode coupling theory predictions for a type-A glass transition, which was expected from recent theoretical and simulation studies in comparable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Blochowicz
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
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