1
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Terashima W, K Kato Y. Optical coupling of individual air-suspended carbon nanotubes to silicon microcavities. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2024; 100:320-334. [PMID: 38866479 PMCID: PMC11377212 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.100.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes are a telecom band emitter compatible with silicon photonics, and when coupled to microcavities, they present opportunities for exploiting quantum electrodynamical effects. Microdisk resonators demonstrate the feasibility of integration into the silicon platform. Efficient coupling is achieved using photonic crystal air-mode nanobeam cavities. The molecular screening effect on nanotube emission allows for spectral tuning of the coupling. The Purcell effect of the coupled cavity-exciton system reveals near-unity radiative quantum efficiencies of the excitons in carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Terashima
- Nanoscale Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuichiro K Kato
- Nanoscale Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Quantum Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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2
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Niu W, Sopp S, Lodi A, Gee A, Kong F, Pei T, Gehring P, Nägele J, Lau CS, Ma J, Liu J, Narita A, Mol J, Burghard M, Müllen K, Mai Y, Feng X, Bogani L. Exceptionally clean single-electron transistors from solutions of molecular graphene nanoribbons. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:180-185. [PMID: 36732344 PMCID: PMC10208969 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01460-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Only single-electron transistors with a certain level of cleanliness, where all states can be properly accessed, can be used for quantum experiments. To reveal their exceptional properties, carbon nanomaterials need to be stripped down to a single element: graphene has been exfoliated into a single sheet, and carbon nanotubes can reveal their vibrational, spin and quantum coherence properties only after being suspended across trenches1-3. Molecular graphene nanoribbons4-6 now provide carbon nanostructures with single-atom precision but suffer from poor solubility, similar to carbon nanotubes. Here we demonstrate the massive enhancement of the solubility of graphene nanoribbons by edge functionalization, to yield ultra-clean transport devices with sharp single-electron features. Strong electron-vibron coupling leads to a prominent Franck-Condon blockade, and the atomic definition of the edges allows identifying the associated transverse bending mode. These results demonstrate how molecular graphene can yield exceptionally clean electronic devices directly from solution. The sharpness of the electronic features opens a path to the exploitation of spin and vibrational properties in atomically precise graphene nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Niu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Simen Sopp
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Alex Gee
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fanmiao Kong
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tian Pei
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pascal Gehring
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan Nägele
- Max Planck Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Chit Siong Lau
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Jan Mol
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Marko Burghard
- Max Planck Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institut für Polymerforschung, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany.
| | - Lapo Bogani
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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3
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Oyibo G, Barrett T, Jois S, Blackburn JL, Lee JU. All-Carbon Nanotube Solar Cell Devices Mimic Photosynthesis. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9100-9106. [PMID: 36326598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Both solar cells and photosynthetic systems employ a two-step process of light absorption and energy conversion. In photosynthesis, they are performed by distinct proteins. However, conventional solar cells use the same semiconductor for optical absorption and electron-hole separation, leading to inefficiencies. Here, we show that an all-semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube (s-SWCNTs) device provides an artificial system that models photosynthesis in a tandem geometry. We use distinct chirality s-SWCNTs to separate the site and direction of light absorption from those of power generation. Using different bandgap s-SWCNTs, we implement an energy funnel in dual-gated p-n diodes. The device captures photons from multiple regions of the solar spectrum and funnels photogenerated excitons to the smallest bandgap s-SWCNT layer, where they become free carriers. We demonstrate an increase in the photoresponse by adding more s-SWCNT layers of different bandgaps without a corresponding deleterious increase in the dark leakage current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Oyibo
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York-Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York12203, United States
| | - Thomas Barrett
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York-Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York12203, United States
| | - Sharadh Jois
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York-Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York12203, United States
| | | | - Ji Ung Lee
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York-Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York12203, United States
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4
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Lo Faro MJ, Leonardi AA, Morganti D, Conoci S, Fazio B, Irrera A. Hybrid Platforms of Silicon Nanowires and Carbon Nanotubes in an Ionic Liquid Bucky Gel. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27144412. [PMID: 35889284 PMCID: PMC9320466 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Silicon nanowires (NWs) are appealing building blocks for low-cost novel concept devices with improved performances. In this research paper, we realized a hybrid platform combining an array of vertically oriented Si NWs with different types of bucky gels, obtained from carbon nanotubes (CNT) dispersed into an ionic liquid (IL) matrix. Three types of CNT bucky gels were obtained from imidazolium-based ionic liquids (BMIM-I, BIMI-BF4, and BMIM-Tf2N) and semiconductive CNTs, whose structural and optical responses to the hybrid platforms were analyzed and compared. We investigated the electrical response of the IL-CNT/NW hybrid junctions in dark and under illumination for each platform and its correlation to the ionic liquid characteristics and charge mobility. The reported results confirm the attractiveness of such IL-CNT/NW hybrid platforms as novel light-responsive materials for photovoltaic applications. In particular, our best performing cell reported a short-circuit current density of 5.6 mA/cm2 and an open-circuit voltage of 0.53 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Lo Faro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.J.L.F.); (A.A.L.)
- CNR-IMM UoS Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Antonio Alessio Leonardi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.J.L.F.); (A.A.L.)
- CNR-IMM UoS Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Dario Morganti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 5, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sabrina Conoci
- CNR-IMM UoS Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 5, 98166 Messina, Italy;
- URT LAB SENS, Beyond Nano—CNR, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 5, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Barbara Fazio
- URT LAB SENS, Beyond Nano—CNR, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 5, 98166 Messina, Italy
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (A.I.)
| | - Alessia Irrera
- URT LAB SENS, Beyond Nano—CNR, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 5, 98166 Messina, Italy
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (A.I.)
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5
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Hu Z, Breeze B, Kashtiban RJ, Sloan J, Lloyd-Hughes J. Zigzag HgTe Nanowires Modify the Electron-Phonon Interaction in Chirality-Refined Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6789-6800. [PMID: 35389617 PMCID: PMC9046977 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Atomically thin nanowires (NWs) can be synthesized inside single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and feature unique crystal structures. Here we show that HgTe nanowires formed inside small-diameter (<1 nm) SWCNTs can advantageously alter the optical and electronic properties of the SWCNTs. Metallic purification of the filled SWCNTs was achieved by a gel column chromatography method, leading to an efficient extraction of the semiconducting and metallic portions with known chiralities. Electron microscopic imaging revealed that zigzag HgTe chains were the dominant NW geometry in both the semiconducting and metallic species. Equilibrium-state and ultrafast spectroscopy demonstrated that the coupled electron-phonon system was modified by the encapsulated HgTe NWs, in a way that varied with the chirality. For semiconducting SWCNTs with HgTe NWs, Auger relaxation processes were suppressed, leading to enhanced photoluminescence emission. In contrast, HgTe NWs enhanced the Auger relaxation rate of metallic SWCNTs and created faster phonon relaxation, providing experimental evidence that encapsulated atomic chains can suppress hot carrier effects and therefore boost electronic transport.
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6
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Song SB, Yoon S, Kim SY, Yang S, Seo SY, Cha S, Jeong HW, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Lee GH, Kim JS, Jo MH, Kim J. Deep-ultraviolet electroluminescence and photocurrent generation in graphene/hBN/graphene heterostructures. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7134. [PMID: 34880247 PMCID: PMC8654827 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27524-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is a van der Waals semiconductor with a wide bandgap of ~ 5.96 eV. Despite the indirect bandgap characteristics of hBN, charge carriers excited by high energy electrons or photons efficiently emit luminescence at deep-ultraviolet (DUV) frequencies via strong electron-phonon interaction, suggesting potential DUV light emitting device applications. However, electroluminescence from hBN has not been demonstrated at DUV frequencies so far. In this study, we report DUV electroluminescence and photocurrent generation in graphene/hBN/graphene heterostructures at room temperature. Tunneling carrier injection from graphene electrodes into the band edges of hBN enables prominent electroluminescence at DUV frequencies. On the other hand, under DUV laser illumination and external bias voltage, graphene electrodes efficiently collect photo-excited carriers in hBN, which generates high photocurrent. Laser excitation micro-spectroscopy shows that the radiative recombination and photocarrier excitation processes in the heterostructures mainly originate from the pristine structure and the stacking faults in hBN. Our work provides a pathway toward efficient DUV light emitting and detection devices based on hBN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Beom Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sera Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Young Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonyoung Cha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Woo Jeong
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Gil-Ho Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Ho Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwan Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Fenati RA, Sherrell PC, Khodakov DA, Shapter JG, Ellis AV. Spatially isolated redox processes enabled by ambipolar charge transport in multi-walled carbon nanotube mats. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1304-1313. [PMID: 34821923 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01967d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates a simple dual-well device which enables spatially isolated solutions to undergo complementary redox reactions. The device functions by the ambipolar transport of charge carriers between two spatially isolated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microwells through an underlying multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) mat. This MWCNT mat enables charge carriers, produced from the decomposition of an analyte in one solution, to drive a redox reaction in a spatially isolated second colorimetric read-out solution via a potential difference between the wells. As proof-of-concept a visible colorimetric read-out was shown using an enzyme, cytochrome c (reduced in 16 h), and the visualizing reagent 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) (oxidized in 2.5 h) for the detection of dithionite and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, without any external energy input. We discuss the origin of this phenomenon and highlight the ability of MWCNTs to accept and transport both electrons and holes efficiently between spatially isolated solutions giving rise to a highly versatile sensor suitable for use in simple, low-cost point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo A Fenati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia.
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8
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Luo Y, Fu Y, Yann H, Mou C, Liu Y. Selective growths of
single‐walled
carbon nanotubes from mesoporous supports via
CO
disproportionation. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Chia Luo
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
- VS Technology Development Division II, Cell Technology Development Department II AU Optronics Corporation Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Cian Fu
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hung Yann
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chung‐Yuan Mou
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Hsin Liu
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
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9
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Palotás J, Negyedi M, Kollarics S, Bojtor A, Rohringer P, Pichler T, Simon F. Incidence of Quantum Confinement on Dark Triplet Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2020; 14:11254-11261. [PMID: 32790277 PMCID: PMC7513465 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The photophysics of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is intensively studied due to their potential application in light harvesting and optoelectronics. Excited states of SWCNTs form strongly bound electron-hole pairs, excitons, of which only singlet excitons participate in application relevant optical transitions. Long-living spin-triplet states hinder applications, but they emerge as candidates for quantum information storage. Therefore, knowledge of the triplet exciton energy structure, in particular in a SWCNT chirality dependent manner, is greatly desired. We report the observation of light emission from triplet state recombination, i.e., phosphorescence, for several SWCNT chiralities using a purpose-built spectrometer. This yields the singlet-triplet gap as a function of the SWCNT diameter, and it follows predictions based on quantum confinement effects. Saturation under high microwave power (up to 10 W) irradiation allows the spin-relaxation time for triplet states to be determined. Our study sensitively discriminates whether the lowest optically active state is populated from an excited state on the same nanotube or through Förster exciton energy transfer from a neighboring nanotube.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Palotás
- Department
of Physics and MTA-BME Lendület Spintronics Research Group
(PROSPIN), Budapest University of Technology
and Economics, PO Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M. Negyedi
- Department
of Physics and MTA-BME Lendület Spintronics Research Group
(PROSPIN), Budapest University of Technology
and Economics, PO Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
- Universität
Tübingen Physikalische Institut, Auf der Morgenstelle 14D, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- HighFinesse
GmbH, Auf der Morgenstelle
14D, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - S. Kollarics
- Department
of Physics and MTA-BME Lendület Spintronics Research Group
(PROSPIN), Budapest University of Technology
and Economics, PO Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - A. Bojtor
- Department
of Physics and MTA-BME Lendület Spintronics Research Group
(PROSPIN), Budapest University of Technology
and Economics, PO Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - P. Rohringer
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, Strudlhofgasse 4, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - T. Pichler
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, Strudlhofgasse 4, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - F. Simon
- Department
of Physics and MTA-BME Lendület Spintronics Research Group
(PROSPIN), Budapest University of Technology
and Economics, PO Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory
of Physics of Complex Matter, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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10
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Zhang Q, Linardy E, Wang X, Eda G. Excitonic Energy Transfer in Heterostructures of Quasi-2D Perovskite and Monolayer WS 2. ACS NANO 2020; 14:11482-11489. [PMID: 32790345 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quasi-two-dimensional (2D) organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite is a re-emerging material with strongly excitonic absorption and emission properties that are attractive for photonics and optoelectronics. Here we report the experimental observation of excitonic energy transfer (ET) in van der Waals heterostructures consisting of quasi-2D hybrid perovskite (C6H5C2H4NH3)2PbI4 (PEPI) and monolayer WS2. Photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy reveals a distinct ground exciton resonance feature of perovskite, evidencing ET from perovskite to WS2. We find unexpectedly high photoluminescence enhancement factors of up to ∼8, which cannot be explained by single-interface ET. Our analysis reveals that interlayer ET across the bulk of the layered perovskite also contributes to the large enhancement factor. Further, from the weak temperature dependence of the lower-limit ET rate, which we found to be ∼3 ns-1, we conclude that the Förster-type mechanism is responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542
| | - Eric Linardy
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546
| | - Xinyun Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546
| | - Goki Eda
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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11
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Flach JT, Wang J, Arnold MS, Zanni MT. Providing Time to Transfer: Longer Lifetimes Lead to Improved Energy Transfer in Films of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6016-6024. [PMID: 32639162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The performance of photovoltaic devices made using semiconducting carbon nanotubes is limited by the transverse exciton diffusion length, which is ultimately set by intertube energy transfer. In this paper, we study whether extending the exciton lifetime improves energy transfer, by allowing more time for exciton transfer between carbon nanotubes, and thereby device performance. To do so, we prepare nanotubes by either shear-force mixing or ultrasonication, leading to different lengths and defect densities. We create thin films that mix (6,5) and (7,5) nanotubes and quantify the relative amounts of energy transfer in them using two-dimensional white-light (2DWL) spectroscopy and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectroscopy. Cross-peaks appearing in 2DWL spectra and quenching of the (6,5) PLE signal upon mixing both quantify energy transfer from (6,5) to (7,5). In both spectroscopies, energy transfer between shear-force mixed tubes is ∼20% more efficient. The cross-peaks in 2DWL spectra grow in at the same rate regardless of the processing method with the all shear-force mixed sample ultimately reaching a larger cross-peak amplitude. Shear-force mixing methods instead of sonication have improved external quantum efficiency in carbon nanotube devices by 30%. The spectroscopic results observed here link energy transfer to exciton diffusion and correlate to device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica T Flach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jialiang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Michael S Arnold
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Martin T Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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12
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Yang F, Wang M, Zhang D, Yang J, Zheng M, Li Y. Chirality Pure Carbon Nanotubes: Growth, Sorting, and Characterization. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2693-2758. [PMID: 32039585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been attracting tremendous attention owing to their structure (chirality) dependent outstanding properties, which endow them with great potential in a wide range of applications. The preparation of chirality-pure SWCNTs is not only a great scientific challenge but also a crucial requirement for many high-end applications. As such, research activities in this area over the last two decades have been very extensive. In this review, we summarize recent achievements and accumulated knowledge thus far and discuss future developments and remaining challenges from three aspects: controlled growth, postsynthesis sorting, and characterization techniques. In the growth part, we focus on the mechanism of chirality-controlled growth and catalyst design. In the sorting part, we organize and analyze existing literature based on sorting targets rather than methods. Since chirality assignment and quantification is essential in the study of selective preparation, we also include in the last part a comprehensive description and discussion of characterization techniques for SWCNTs. It is our view that even though progress made in this area is impressive, more efforts are still needed to develop both methodologies for preparing ultrapure (e.g., >99.99%) SWCNTs in large quantity and nondestructive fast characterization techniques with high spatial resolution for various nanotube samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Daqi Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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13
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Kim YJ, Guo P, Schaller RD. Aqueous Carbon Quantum Dot-Embedded PC60-PC 61BM Nanospheres for Ecological Fluorescent Printing: Contrasting Fluorescence Resonance Energy-Transfer Signals between Watermelon-like and Random Morphologies. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6525-6535. [PMID: 31596102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To go beyond the PC60 surfactant structure, the double-layer micelle morphology in water motivates exploration of altered protocols to produce new morphologies. Furthermore, the low photoluminescence quantum yield of aqueous fullerene-based particles encourages high fluorescence to create a light-emitting display. With this in mind, we established new hybrid n-type nanospheres with carbon quantum dot (CQD)-embedded PC60-PC61BM particles, processed using two different protocols. The homogenizer-assisted PC60-CQD-PC61BM resulted in a watermelon-shaped spherical particle, whereas a circular morphology with randomly embedded CQDs was observed in the microwave-treated hybrids. More surprisingly, the watermelon-shaped colloid induced efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the CQD and C60 molecules of PC61BM, and the FRET-mediated emission signature diminished gradually as the stripe patterns collapsed. This phenomenon allowed different fluorescent colors in the colloidal printing film. We thereby provided the new carrier dynamics of the particle photonic activities of the developed aqueous PC60-based colloids with the possibility of ecological utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Kim
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Peijun Guo
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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14
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Leng X, Jin F, Wei M, Ma H, Feng J, Ma Y. Electronic energy transfer studied by many-body Green’s function theory. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:164107. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5066290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Leng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fan Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Min Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Huizhong Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jin Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuchen Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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15
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Wang H, Zhang X, Xie Y. Photocatalysis in Two-Dimensional Black Phosphorus: The Roles of Many-Body Effects. ACS NANO 2018; 12:9648-9653. [PMID: 30230815 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus (BP) has drawn tremendous attention in solar-light-driven catalytic processes for its intriguing chemical and physical properties. Benefiting from the highly anisotropic electronic structure induced by its puckered crystal geometry, 2D BP tends to have greater confinement with respect to traditional inorganic nanomaterials, thereby leading to robust many-body effects. Such Coulomb-interaction-mediated effects dominate the electronic and optical properties of 2D BP-based nanosystems, where exotic correlations between photoinduced species give rise to unique photoexcitation processes that are closely associated with the involved photocatalytic behavior. In this Perspective, we highlight the critical role of many-body effects in 2D BP-based photocatalysis and exemplify the relationships between the correlated photoinduced species-dominated photoexcitation processes and photocatalytic behavior involved therein. The relevant challenges and opportunities in pursuing efficient 2D BP-based solar energy utilization are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, iChEM , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, iChEM , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Yi Xie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, iChEM , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
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16
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Das R, Rajender G, Giri PK. Anomalous fluorescence enhancement and fluorescence quenching of graphene quantum dots by single walled carbon nanotubes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:4527-4537. [PMID: 29376153 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06994d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We explore the mechanism of the fluorescence enhancement and fluorescence quenching effect of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on highly fluorescent graphene quantum dots (GQDs) over a wide range of concentrations of SWCNTs. At very low concentrations of SWCNTs, the fluorescence intensity of the GQDs is enhanced, while at higher concentrations, systematic quenching of fluorescence is observed. The nature of the Stern-Volmer plot for the latter case was found to be non-linear indicating a combined effect of dynamic and static quenching. The contribution of the dynamic quenching component was assessed through the fluorescence lifetime measurements. The contribution of static quenching is confirmed from the red shift of the fluorescence spectra of the GQDs after addition of SWCNTs. The fluorescence intensity is first enhanced at very low concentration due to improved dispersion and higher absorption by GQDs, while at higher concentration, the fluorescence of GQDs is quenched due to the complex formation and associated reduction of the radiative sites of the GQDs, which is confirmed from time-resolved fluorescence measurements. Laser confocal microscopy imaging provides direct evidence of the enhancement and quenching of fluorescence at low and high concentrations of SWCNTs, respectively. This study provides an important insight into tuning the fluorescence of GQDs and understanding the interaction between GQDs and different CNTs, which is important for bio-imaging and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruma Das
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, India.
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17
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Chernov AI, Fedotov PV, Lim HE, Miyata Y, Liu Z, Sato K, Suenaga K, Shinohara H, Obraztsova ED. Band gap modification and photoluminescence enhancement of graphene nanoribbon filled single-walled carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:2936-2943. [PMID: 29369315 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07054c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecule encapsulation inside the single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) core has been demonstrated to be a successful route for the modification of nanotube properties. SWCNT diameter-dependent filling results in band gap modification together with the enhancement of photoluminescence quantum yield. However, the interaction between the inner structure and the outer shell is complex. It depends on the orientation of the molecules inside, the geometry of the host nanotube and on several other mechanisms determining the resulting properties of the hybrid nanosystem. In this work we study the influence of encapsulated graphene nanoribbons on the optical properties of the host single-walled carbon nanotubes. The interplay of strain and dielectric screening caused by the internal environment of the nanotube affects its band gap. The photoluminescence of the filled nanotubes becomes enhanced when the graphene nanoribbons are polymerized inside the SWCNTs at low temperatures. We show a gradual photoluminescence quenching together with a selective signal enhancement for exact nanotube geometries, specifically (14,6) and (13,8) species. A precise adjustment of the optical properties and an enhancement of the photoluminescence quantum yield upon filling for nanotubes with specific diameters were assigned to optimal organization of the inner structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Chernov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute RAS, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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18
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Sim J, Kim S, Jang M, Park M, Oh H, Ju SY. Determination of the Absolute Enantiomeric Excess of the Carbon Nanotube Ensemble by Symmetry Breaking Using the Optical Titration Method. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:11000-11009. [PMID: 28926252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Symmetry breaking of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) has profound effects on their optoelectronic properties that are essential for fundamental study and applications. Here, we show that isomeric SWNTs that exhibit identical photoluminescence (PL) undergo symmetry breaking by flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and exhibit dual PLs and different binding affinities (Ka). Increasing the FMN concentration leads to systematic PL shifts of SWNTs according to structural modality and handedness due to symmetry breaking. Density gradient ultracentrifugation using a FMN-SWNT dispersion displays PL shifts and different densities according to SWNT handedness. Using the optical titration method to determine the PL-based Ka of SWNTs against an achiral surfactant as a titrant, left- and right-handed SWNTs display two-step PL inflection corresponding to respective Ka values with FMN, which leads to the determination of the enantiomeric excess (ee) of the SWNT ensemble that was confirmed by circular dichroism measurement. Decreasing the FMN concentration for the SWNT dispersion leads to enantiomeric selection of SWNTs. The titration-based ee determination of the widely used sodium cholate-based SWNT dispersion was also demonstrated by using FMN as a cosurfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsook Sim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Somin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Myungsu Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Minsuk Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Hyunkyu Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yong Ju
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, South Korea
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19
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Plasmon-Modulated Excitation-Dependent Fluorescence from Activated CTAB Molecules Strongly Coupled to Gold Nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43282. [PMID: 28266619 PMCID: PMC5339731 DOI: 10.1038/srep43282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Excitation-dependent fluorophores (EDFs) have been attracted increasing attention owing to their high tunability of emissions and prospective applications ranging from multicolor patterning to bio-imaging. Here, we report tunable fluorescence with quenching dip induced by strong coupling of exciton and plasmon in the hybrid nanostructure of CTAB* EDFs and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The quenching dip in the fluorescence spectrum is tuned by adjusting excitation wavelength as well as plasmon resonance and concentration of AuNPs. The observed excitation-dependent emission spectra with quenching dip are theoretically reproduced and revealed to be induced by resonant energy transfer from multilevel EDFs with wider width channels to plasmonic AuNPs. These findings provide a new approach to prepare EDF molecules and a strategy to modulate fluorescence spectrum via exciton-to-plasmon energy transfer.
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20
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Zhang D, Yang J, Li M, Li Y. (n,m) Assignments of Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Raman Spectroscopy: The Importance of Electronic Raman Scattering. ACS NANO 2016; 10:10789-10797. [PMID: 28024329 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b04453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report an accurate and convenient method that can be used to assign the chirality of all metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes (M-SWNTs). This method is designed based on the electronic Raman scattering (ERS) features, which are resonantly enhanced at the corresponding excitonic transition energies (Mii+ and Mii-). Using this method, we are able to accurately determine the electronic property Mii with the resolution of a vibrational Raman spectroscopy (∼0.3 meV), which is significantly higher than that of the electronic spectroscopies (∼3 meV). We use the Mii splitting value, which is found insensitive to environmental changes, as a universal criteria for (n,m) assignments in various environments. As an illustrative example, simply using a commercialized Raman spectrometer with two laser lines (1.959 and 2.330 eV), we are able to unambiguously assign 18 metallic chiralities with M11 in the 1.6-2.3 eV range in our samples. This method provides an accurate database of Mii's in a similar way as photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy does for Sii's. It can facilitate further systematic studies on the properties of M-SWNTs with defined chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqi Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meihui Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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21
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Reyes D, Camacho M, Camacho M, Mayorga M, Weathers D, Salamo G, Wang Z, Neogi A. Laser Ablated Carbon Nanodots for Light Emission. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:424. [PMID: 27659953 PMCID: PMC5033790 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1638-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots-like nanostructures (CNDs) obtained through the laser ablation of a carbon solid target in liquid environment is reported. The ablation process was induced in acetone with laser pulses of 1064, 532, and 355 nm under different irradiation times. Close-spherical amorphous CNDs with sizes between 5 and 20 nm, whose abundance strongly depends on the ablation parameters were investigated using electron microscopy and was confirmed using absorption and emission spectroscopies. The π- π* electronic transition at 3.76 eV dominates the absorption for all the CNDs species synthesized under different irradiation conditions. The light emission is most efficient due to excitation at 3.54 eV with the photoluminescence intensity centered at 3.23 eV. The light emission from the CNDs is most efficient due to ablation at 355 nm. The emission wavelength of the CNDs can be tuned from the near-UV to the green wavelength region by controlling the ablation time and modifying the ablation and excitation laser wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfino Reyes
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100, Col. Centro, C.P. 50000, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Marco Camacho
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Materiales Avanzados, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Campus Rosedal, Km 14.5 Carretera, Toluca-Atlacomulco, San Cayetano de Morelos, C.P. 50925, México
| | - Miguel Camacho
- Laboratorio de Fotomedicina, Biofotónica y Espectroscopía Láser de Pulsos Ultracortos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Jesús Carranza y Paseo Tollocan s/n, Toluca, C.P. 50120, México
| | - Miguel Mayorga
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100, Col. Centro, C.P. 50000, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Duncan Weathers
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Greg Salamo
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayeteville, AR, USA
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Institute of Frontier and Fundamental Sciences, Univ. of Engineering Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Arup Neogi
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
- Institute of Frontier and Fundamental Sciences, Univ. of Engineering Science and Technology, Chengdu, China.
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22
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Lefebvre J. Real Time Hyperspectroscopy for Dynamical Study of Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2016; 10:9602-9607. [PMID: 27643893 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescence excitation mapping used routinely to characterize semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (sc-SWCNTs) is extended to provide time-dependent data. A hyperspectral method based on a supercontinuum light source and an imaging detector is demonstrated with excitation and emission wavelengths spanning 600-1000 and 1050-1650 nm, respectively, at time scales <100 ms. An example of a titration experiment is given to highlight the potential offered by the technique. Specifically, the dependence of luminescence yield on acceptor concentration is tracked for 18 different chirality assigned sc-SWCNT species. Dopant-induced quenching presents a simple dependence on nanotube diameter, with larger diameter being most affected, while chirality does not appear to be a dominant factor. In a second example, the successive addition of acceptor and donor molecules leads to a modulation of luminescence intensity upon hole doping and dedoping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Lefebvre
- National Research Council , 1200 Montreal Rd., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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23
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Mehlenbacher RD, Wang J, Kearns NM, Shea MJ, Flach JT, McDonough TJ, Wu MY, Arnold MS, Zanni MT. Ultrafast Exciton Hopping Observed in Bare Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Thin Films with Two-Dimensional White-Light Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2024-2031. [PMID: 27182690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We observe ultrafast energy transfer between bare carbon nanotubes in a thin film using two-dimensional (2D) white-light spectroscopy. Using aqueous two-phase separation, semiconducting carbon nanotubes are purified from their metallic counterparts and condensed into a 10 nm thin film with no residual surfactant. Cross peak intensities put the time scale for energy transfer at <60 fs, and 2D anisotropy measurements determine that energy transfer is most efficient between parallel nanotubes, thus favoring directional energy flow. Lifetimes are about 300 fs. Thus, these results are in sharp contrast to thin films prepared from nanotubes that are wrapped by polymers, which exhibit picosecond energy transfer and randomize the direction of energy flow. Ultrafast energy flow and directionality are exciting properties for next-generation photovoltaics, photodetectors, and other devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy D Mehlenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53703, United States
| | - Jialiang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1509 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Nicholas M Kearns
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53703, United States
| | - Matthew J Shea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1509 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jessica T Flach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53703, United States
| | - Thomas J McDonough
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53703, United States
| | - Meng-Yin Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Michael S Arnold
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1509 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Martin T Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53703, United States
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24
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Tange M, Okazaki T, Liu Z, Suenaga K, Iijima S. Room-temperature Y-type emission of perylenes by encapsulation within single-walled carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:7834-7839. [PMID: 27006196 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08578k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent materials that exhibit large Stokes shifts are useful for suppressing aggregation-caused quenching. Controlling the self-trapped exciton (STE) states in organic dyes with a dimeric structure is one way of tuning Stokes shifts. However, this leads to the spectral broadening of the emissions at room temperature owing to the effects of the surrounding materials on the excited dimers. Here, we demonstrate the effects of confining organic dyes on their optical properties via the encapsulation of perylene molecules within single-walled carbon nanotubes. The encapsulated dimeric perylene exhibits fluorescence with large Stokes shifts and long lifetimes through the STE states. In particular, a noticeable emission of dimeric perylene is observed with a vibronic structure at room temperature; this resembles the Y-type emission of dimeric α-perylene crystals observed only at low temperatures. The results suggest that the isolation of the excited perylene dimers plays an important role in the occurrence of the room-temperature Y-emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Tange
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Toshiya Okazaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Zheng Liu
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Kazu Suenaga
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Sumio Iijima
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan.
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25
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Lutsyk P, Arif R, Hruby J, Bukivskyi A, Vinijchuk O, Shandura M, Yakubovskyi V, Kovtun Y, Rance GA, Fay M, Piryatinski Y, Kachkovsky O, Verbitsky A, Rozhin A. A sensing mechanism for the detection of carbon nanotubes using selective photoluminescent probes based on ionic complexes with organic dyes. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2016; 5:e16028. [PMID: 30167142 PMCID: PMC6062430 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The multifunctional properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make them a powerful platform for unprecedented innovations in a variety of practical applications. As a result of the surging growth of nanotechnology, nanotubes present a potential problem as an environmental pollutant, and as such, an efficient method for their rapid detection must be established. Here, we propose a novel type of ionic sensor complex for detecting CNTs - an organic dye that responds sensitively and selectively to CNTs with a photoluminescent signal. The complexes are formed through Coulomb attractions between dye molecules with uncompensated charges and CNTs covered with an ionic surfactant in water. We demonstrate that the photoluminescent excitation of the dye can be transferred to the nanotubes, resulting in selective and strong amplification (up to a factor of 6) of the light emission from the excitonic levels of CNTs in the near-infrared spectral range, as experimentally observed via excitation-emission photoluminescence (PL) mapping. The chirality of the nanotubes and the type of ionic surfactant used to disperse the nanotubes both strongly affect the amplification; thus, the complexation provides sensing selectivity towards specific CNTs. Additionally, neither similar uncharged dyes nor CNTs covered with neutral surfactant form such complexes. As model organic molecules, we use a family of polymethine dyes with an easily tailorable molecular structure and, consequently, tunable absorbance and PL characteristics. This provides us with a versatile tool for the controllable photonic and electronic engineering of an efficient probe for CNT detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petro Lutsyk
- Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 46, prospekt Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
- School of Engineering & Applied Science, Aston University, Aston Triangle, B47ET Birmingham, UK
| | - Raz Arif
- School of Engineering & Applied Science, Aston University, Aston Triangle, B47ET Birmingham, UK
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Sulaimani, P.O. Box 334, Sulaimani, Iraq-Kurdistan Region
| | - Jan Hruby
- School of Engineering & Applied Science, Aston University, Aston Triangle, B47ET Birmingham, UK
- Brno University of Technology, CEITEC BUT, Technická 3058/10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anatolii Bukivskyi
- Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 46, prospekt Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olexander Vinijchuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Murmanska str., 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mykola Shandura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Murmanska str., 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Viktor Yakubovskyi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Murmanska str., 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yuri Kovtun
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Murmanska str., 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Graham A Rance
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Michael Fay
- Nottingham Nanotechnology and Nanoscience Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Yuri Piryatinski
- Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 46, prospekt Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksiy Kachkovsky
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Murmanska str., 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anatoli Verbitsky
- Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 46, prospekt Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Aleksey Rozhin
- School of Engineering & Applied Science, Aston University, Aston Triangle, B47ET Birmingham, UK
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26
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Silicon nanowire and carbon nanotube hybrid for room temperature multiwavelength light source. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16753. [PMID: 26592198 PMCID: PMC4655395 DOI: 10.1038/srep16753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The realization of an innovative hybrid light source operating at room temperature, obtained by embedding a carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersion inside a Si nanowire (NW) array is reported. The NW/CNT system exhibits a peculiar photoluminescence spectrum, consisting of a wide peak, mainly observed in the visible range, due to quantum confined Si NWs, and of several narrower IR peaks, due to the different CNT chiralities present in the dispersion. The detailed study of the optical properties of the hybrid system evidences that the ratio between the intensity of the visible and the IR emissions can be varied within a wide range by changing the excitation wavelength or the CNT concentration; the conditions leading to the prevalence of one signal with respect to the other are identified. The multiplicity of emission spectra obtainable from this composite material opens new perspectives for Si nanostructures as active medium in light sources for Si photonics applications.
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27
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Abstract
Spectroscopic analysis and study of nanoparticle samples is often hampered by structural diversity that presents a complex superposition of spectral signatures. By probing the spectra of small volumes within dilute samples, we can expose statistical variations in composition to obtain information unavailable from bulk spectroscopy. This new approach is demonstrated using fluorescence spectra of unsorted single-walled carbon nanotube samples to deduce structure-specific abundances and emissive efficiencies. Furthermore, correlations between intensity variations at different wavelengths provide two-dimensional covariance maps that isolate the spectra of homogeneous subpopulations. Covariance analysis is also a sensitive probe of particle aggregation. It shows that well-dispersed nanotube samples can spontaneously form loose aggregates of a type not previously recognized. Variance spectroscopy is a simple and practical technique that should find application in many nanoparticle studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason K Streit
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute and ‡Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Sergei M Bachilo
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute and ‡Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Stephen R Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute and ‡Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Ching-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute and ‡Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - R Bruce Weisman
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute and ‡Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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28
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Nogaj LJ, Smyder JA, Leach KE, Tu X, Zheng M, Krauss TD. Bright Fraction of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes through Correlated Fluorescence and Topography Measurements. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2816-2821. [PMID: 26266867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Correlated measurements of fluorescence and topography were performed for individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on quartz using epifluorescence confocal microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Surprisingly, only ~11% of all SWNTs in DNA-wrapped samples were found to be highly emissive on quartz, suggesting that the ensemble fluorescence quantum yield is low because only a small population of SWNTs fluoresces strongly. Qualitatively similar conclusions were obtained from control studies using a sodium cholate surfactant system. To accommodate AFM measurements, excess surfactant was removed from the substrate. Though individual SWNTs on nonrinsed and rinsed surfaces displayed differences in fluorescence intensities and line widths, arising from the influence of the local environment on individual SWNT optical measurements, photoluminescence data from both samples displayed consistent trends.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaomin Tu
- §National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Ming Zheng
- §National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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29
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Sarpkaya I, Ahmadi ED, Shepard GD, Mistry KS, Blackburn JL, Strauf S. Strong Acoustic Phonon Localization in Copolymer-Wrapped Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2015; 9:6383-6393. [PMID: 26039893 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling exciton-phonon interactions in carbon nanotubes has important implications for producing efficient nanophotonic devices. Here we show that laser vaporization-grown carbon nanotubes display ultranarrow luminescence line widths (120 μeV) and well-resolved acoustic phonon sidebands at low temperatures when dispersed with a polyfluorene copolymer. Remarkably, we do not observe a correlation of the zero-phonon line width with (13)C atomic concentration, as would be expected for pure dephasing of excitons with acoustic phonons. We demonstrate that the ultranarrow and phonon sideband-resolved emission spectra can be fully described by a model assuming extrinsic acoustic phonon localization at the nanoscale, which holds down to 6-fold narrower spectral line width compared to previous work. Interestingly, both exciton and acoustic phonon wave functions are strongly spatially localized within 5 nm, possibly mediated by the copolymer backbone, opening future opportunities to engineer dephasing and optical bandwidth for applications in quantum photonics and cavity optomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kevin S Mistry
- ‡National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Blackburn
- ‡National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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30
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Karachevtsev VA, Plokhotnichenko AM, Glamazda AY, Leontiev VS, Levitsky IA. Excitonic energy transfer in polymer wrapped carbon nanotubes in gradually grown nanoassemblies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:10914-22. [PMID: 24770437 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00776j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the exciton energy transfer (ET) in nanoassemblies (nanotube based aggregates) formed by polymer wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and simulation. The distinctive feature of this study is the gradual growth of such nanostructures in aqueous medium induced by increasing the concentration of porphyrin molecules stitching nanotube-polymer complexes in densely packed assemblies. Experimental dependencies of PL intensity on the porphyrin concentration for different types of semiconducting SWNTs demonstrate step-like behavior controlled by the amount of bound nanotubes and are in good agreement with the simulating model. The simulation algorithm determines the criterion of the aggregate formation depending on the number of porphyrin molecules per tube and the cascade exciton energy transfer between neighboring semiconducting nanotubes of different chiralities. Aggregates of small sizes (up to six-eight individual tubes) contain mostly semiconducting species, while aggregates of a larger size (up to several tens of tubes) incorporate metallic SWNTs, inducing strong PL quenching. From the fitting procedure, an ET rate of 0.6 × 10(10) s(-1) has been determined which is consistent with the center to center distance (∼2.3 nm) between adjacent tubes separated by polymer and porphyrin molecules. The threshold of the dimer formation corresponds to one porphyrin molecule per ∼20 nm of tube lengths that was supported by molecular dynamics simulation. These findings provide insight into the ET mechanism in SWNT nanoassemblies of variable sizes, which can be gradually controlled by the external factor (the concentration of porphyrin molecules).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Karachevtsev
- B.I. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkov, 61103, Ukraine
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31
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Ferrari AC, Bonaccorso F, Fal'ko V, Novoselov KS, Roche S, Bøggild P, Borini S, Koppens FHL, Palermo V, Pugno N, Garrido JA, Sordan R, Bianco A, Ballerini L, Prato M, Lidorikis E, Kivioja J, Marinelli C, Ryhänen T, Morpurgo A, Coleman JN, Nicolosi V, Colombo L, Fert A, Garcia-Hernandez M, Bachtold A, Schneider GF, Guinea F, Dekker C, Barbone M, Sun Z, Galiotis C, Grigorenko AN, Konstantatos G, Kis A, Katsnelson M, Vandersypen L, Loiseau A, Morandi V, Neumaier D, Treossi E, Pellegrini V, Polini M, Tredicucci A, Williams GM, Hong BH, Ahn JH, Kim JM, Zirath H, van Wees BJ, van der Zant H, Occhipinti L, Di Matteo A, Kinloch IA, Seyller T, Quesnel E, Feng X, Teo K, Rupesinghe N, Hakonen P, Neil SRT, Tannock Q, Löfwander T, Kinaret J. Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:4598-810. [PMID: 25707682 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01600a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 991] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We present the science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems, targeting an evolution in technology, that might lead to impacts and benefits reaching into most areas of society. This roadmap was developed within the framework of the European Graphene Flagship and outlines the main targets and research areas as best understood at the start of this ambitious project. We provide an overview of the key aspects of graphene and related materials (GRMs), ranging from fundamental research challenges to a variety of applications in a large number of sectors, highlighting the steps necessary to take GRMs from a state of raw potential to a point where they might revolutionize multiple industries. We also define an extensive list of acronyms in an effort to standardize the nomenclature in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Ferrari
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
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32
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Budhathoki-Uprety J, Jena PV, Roxbury D, Heller DA. Helical polycarbodiimide cloaking of carbon nanotubes enables inter-nanotube exciton energy transfer modulation. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15545-50. [PMID: 25343218 PMCID: PMC4227803 DOI: 10.1021/ja505529n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as near-infrared optical probes and sensors require the ability to simultaneously modulate nanotube fluorescence and functionally derivatize the nanotube surface using noncovalent methods. We synthesized a small library of polycarbodiimides to noncovalently encapsulate SWCNTs with a diverse set of functional coatings, enabling their suspension in aqueous solution. These polymers, known to adopt helical conformations, exhibited ordered surface coverage on the nanotubes and allowed systematic modulation of nanotube optical properties, producing up to 12-fold differences in photoluminescence efficiency. Polymer cloaking of the fluorescent nanotubes facilitated the first instance of controllable and reversible internanotube exciton energy transfer, allowing kinetic measurements of dynamic self-assembly and disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prakrit V. Jena
- Memorial
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Daniel Roxbury
- Memorial
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Daniel A. Heller
- Memorial
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Weill
Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
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33
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Zhao Q, Zhang J. Characterizing the chiral index of a single-walled carbon nanotube. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:4586-4605. [PMID: 25330979 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) mainly depend on their geometry. However, there are still formidable difficulties to determine the chirality of SWCNTs accurately. In this review, some efficient methods to characterize the chiral indices of SWCNTs are illuminated. These methods are divided into imaging techniques and spectroscopy techniques. With these methods, diameter, helix angle, and energy states can be measured. Generally speaking, imaging techniques have a higher accuracy and universality, but are time-consuming with regard to the sample preparation and characterization. The spectroscopy techniques are very simple and fast in operation, but these techniques can be applied only to the particular structure of the sample. Here, the principles and operations of each method are introduced, and a comprehensive understanding of each technique, including their advantages and disadvantages, is given. Advanced applications of some methods are also discussed. The aim of this review is to help readers to choose methods with the appropriate accuracy and time complexity and, furthermore, to put forward an idea to find new methods for chirality characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuchen Zhao
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory for Structural, Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
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34
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Grechko M, Ye Y, Mehlenbacher RD, McDonough TJ, Wu MY, Jacobberger RM, Arnold MS, Zanni MT. Diffusion-assisted photoexcitation transfer in coupled semiconducting carbon nanotube thin films. ACS NANO 2014; 8:5383-5394. [PMID: 24806792 DOI: 10.1021/nn4041798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We utilize femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to study dynamics of photoexcitation migration in films of semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes. Films of nanotubes in close contact enable energy migration such as needed in photovoltaic and electroluminescent devices. Two types of films composed of nanotube fibers are utilized in this study: densely packed and very porous. By comparing exciton kinetics in these films, we characterize excitation transfer between carbon nanotubes inside fibers versus between fibers. We find that intrafiber transfer takes place in both types of films, whereas interfiber transfer is greatly suppressed in the porous one. Using films with different nanotube composition, we are able to test several models of exciton transfer. The data are inconsistent with models that rely on through-space interfiber energy transfer. A model that fits the experimental results postulates that interfiber transfer occurs only at intersections between fibers, and the excitons reach the intersections by diffusing along the long-axis of the tubes. We find that time constants for the inter- and intrafiber transfers are 0.2-0.4 and 7 ps, respectively. In total, hopping between fibers accounts for about 60% of all exciton downhill transfer prior to 4 ps in the dense film. The results are discussed with regards to transmission electron micrographs of the films. This study provides a rigorous analysis of the photophysics in this new class of promising materials for photovoltaics and other technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Grechko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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35
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Hasan T, Sun Z, Tan P, Popa D, Flahaut E, Kelleher EJR, Bonaccorso F, Wang F, Jiang Z, Torrisi F, Privitera G, Nicolosi V, Ferrari AC. Double-wall carbon nanotubes for wide-band, ultrafast pulse generation. ACS NANO 2014; 8:4836-47. [PMID: 24735347 PMCID: PMC4240663 DOI: 10.1021/nn500767b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate wide-band ultrafast optical pulse generation at 1, 1.5, and 2 μm using a single-polymer composite saturable absorber based on double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWNTs). The freestanding optical quality polymer composite is prepared from nanotubes dispersed in water with poly(vinyl alcohol) as the host matrix. The composite is then integrated into ytterbium-, erbium-, and thulium-doped fiber laser cavities. Using this single DWNT-polymer composite, we achieve 4.85 ps, 532 fs, and 1.6 ps mode-locked pulses at 1066, 1559, and 1883 nm, respectively, highlighting the potential of DWNTs for wide-band ultrafast photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawfique Hasan
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Micro- and Nanosciences, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - PingHeng Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Daniel Popa
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INP; Institut Carnot Cirimat; 118, route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
- CNRS; Institut Carnot Cirimat; F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Edmund J. R. Kelleher
- Femtosecond Optics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- CNR-Istituto Processi Chimico-Fisici, 98158 Messina, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Fengqiu Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhe Jiang
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Felice Torrisi
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Privitera
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Nicolosi
- School of Chemistry, School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin D2, Ireland
| | - Andrea C. Ferrari
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
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36
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Shearer CJ, Cherevan A, Eder D. Application and future challenges of functional nanocarbon hybrids. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:2295-318. [PMID: 24677386 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201305254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hybridizing nanocarbons, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or graphene, with an active material is a powerful strategy towards designing next-generation functional materials for environmental and sustainable energy applications. While research on nanocomposites, created by dispersing the nanocarbon into polymer or ceramic matrices, began almost immediately after the popularization of CNTs and graphene in 1991 and 2004, respectively, nanocarbon hybrids are a relatively recent addition to the family of composite materials. In contrast to nanocomposites, which typically combine the intrinsic properties of both compounds, nanocarbon hybrids additionally provide access to both a large surface area required for gas/liquid-solid interactions and an extended interface, through which charge and energy transfer processes create synergistic effects that result in unique properties and superior performance. This progress report looks at the history of research on nanocarbons (fullerenes, CNTs and graphene) and their composites and hybrids, presents the origin of synergistic effects, reviews the most intriguing results on nanocarbon hybrid performance in heterogeneous catalysis, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, batteries, supercapacitors, photovoltaics and sensors, and discusses remaining challenges and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J Shearer
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
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37
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Sarpkaya I, Zhang Z, Walden-Newman W, Wang X, Hone J, Wong CW, Strauf S. Prolonged spontaneous emission and dephasing of localized excitons in air-bridged carbon nanotubes. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2152. [PMID: 23845935 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The bright exciton emission of carbon nanotubes is appealing for optoelectronic devices and fundamental studies of light-matter interaction in one-dimensional nanostructures. However, to date, the photophysics of excitons in carbon nanotubes is largely affected by extrinsic effects. Here we perform time-resolved photoluminescence measurements over 14 orders of magnitude for ultra-clean carbon nanotubes bridging an air gap over pillar posts. Our measurements demonstrate a new regime of intrinsic exciton photophysics with prolonged spontaneous emission times up to T1=18 ns, about two orders of magnitude better than prior measurements and in agreement with values hypothesized by theorists about a decade ago. Furthermore, we establish for the first time exciton decoherence times of individual nanotubes in the time domain and find fourfold prolonged values up to T2=2.1 ps compared with ensemble measurements. These first observations motivate new discussions about the magnitude of the intrinsic dephasing mechanism while the prolonged exciton dynamics is promising for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Sarpkaya
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA
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38
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Dyshin AA, Eliseeva OV, Bondarenko GV, Kolker AM, Zakharov AG, Fedorov MV, Kiselev MG. Dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes in alcohol-cholic acid mixtures. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024413120054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Maragò OM, Jones PH, Gucciardi PG, Volpe G, Ferrari AC. Optical trapping and manipulation of nanostructures. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 8:807-19. [PMID: 24202536 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2013.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Optical trapping and manipulation of micrometre-sized particles was first reported in 1970. Since then, it has been successfully implemented in two size ranges: the subnanometre scale, where light-matter mechanical coupling enables cooling of atoms, ions and molecules, and the micrometre scale, where the momentum transfer resulting from light scattering allows manipulation of microscopic objects such as cells. But it has been difficult to apply these techniques to the intermediate - nanoscale - range that includes structures such as quantum dots, nanowires, nanotubes, graphene and two-dimensional crystals, all of crucial importance for nanomaterials-based applications. Recently, however, several new approaches have been developed and demonstrated for trapping plasmonic nanoparticles, semiconductor nanowires and carbon nanostructures. Here we review the state-of-the-art in optical trapping at the nanoscale, with an emphasis on some of the most promising advances, such as controlled manipulation and assembly of individual and multiple nanostructures, force measurement with femtonewton resolution, and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onofrio M Maragò
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, I-98158 Messina, Italy
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40
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Sha J, Hasan T, Milana S, Bertulli C, Bell NAW, Privitera G, Ni Z, Chen Y, Bonaccorso F, Ferrari AC, Keyser UF, Huang YYS. Nanotubes complexed with DNA and proteins for resistive-pulse sensing. ACS NANO 2013; 7:8857-8869. [PMID: 24066614 DOI: 10.1021/nn403323k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We use a resistive-pulse technique to analyze molecular hybrids of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) wrapped in either single-stranded DNA or protein. Electric fields confined in a glass capillary nanopore allow us to probe the physical size and surface properties of molecular hybrids at the single-molecule level. We find that the translocation duration of a macromolecular hybrid is determined by its hydrodynamic size and solution mobility. The event current reveals the effects of ion exclusion by the rod-shaped hybrids and possible effects due to temporary polarization of the SWNT core. Our results pave the way to direct sensing of small DNA or protein molecules in a large unmodified solid-state nanopore by using nanofilaments as carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Sha
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
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41
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Oh H, Sim J, Ju SY. Binding affinities and thermodynamics of noncovalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes with surfactants. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:11154-11162. [PMID: 23909509 DOI: 10.1021/la4022933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Binding affinity and thermodynamic understanding between a surfactant and carbon nanotube is essential to develop various carbon nanotube applications. Flavin mononucleotide-wrapped carbon nanotubes showing a large redshift in optical signature were utilized to determine the binding affinity and related thermodynamic parameters of 12 different nanotube chiralities upon exchange with other surfactants. Determined from the midpoint of sigmoidal transition, the equilibrium constant (K), which is inversely proportional to the binding affinity of the initial surfactant-carbon nanotube, provided quantitative binding strengths of surfactants as SDBS > SC ≈ FMN > SDS, irrespective of electronic types of SWNTs. Binding affinity of metallic tubes is weaker than that of semiconducting tubes. The complex K patterns from semiconducting tubes show preference to certain SWNT chiralities and surfactant-specific cooperativity according to nanotube chirality. Controlling temperature was effective to modulate K values by 30% and enables us to probe thermodynamic parameters. Equally signed enthalpy and entropy changes produce Gibbs energy changes with a magnitude of a few kJ/mol. A greater negative Gibbs energy upon exchange of surfactant produces an enhanced nanotube photoluminescence, implying the importance of understanding thermodynamics for designing nanotube separation and supramolecular assembly of surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkyu Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
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42
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Bertulli C, Beeson HJ, Hasan T, Huang YYS. Spectroscopic characterization of protein-wrapped single-wall carbon nanotubes and quantification of their cellular uptake in multiple cell generations. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:265102. [PMID: 23735781 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/26/265102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We study the spectral characteristics of bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein conjugated single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), and quantify their uptake by macrophages. The binding of BSA onto the SWNT surface is found to change the protein structure and to increase the doping of the nanotubes. The G-band Raman intensity follows a well-defined power law for SWNT concentrations of up to 33 microg ml(-1) in aqueous solutions. Subsequently, in vitro experiments demonstrate that incubation of BSA-SWNT complexes with macrophages affects neither the cellular growth nor the cellular viability over multiple cell generations. Using wide spot Raman spectroscopy as a fast, non-destructive method for statistical quantification, we observe that macrophages effectively uptake BSA-SWNT complexes, with the average number of nanotubes internalized per cell remaining relatively constant over consecutive cell generations. The number of internalized SWNTs is found to be approximately 30 10(6) SWNTs/cell for a 60 mm(-2) seeding density and approximately 100 x 10(6) SWNTs/cell for a 200 mm(-2) seeding density. Our results show that BSA-functionalized SWNTs are an efficient molecular transport system with low cytotoxicity maintained over multiple cell generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bertulli
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
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43
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Sharifi R, Abanulo DC, Papadimitrakopoulos F. Isotopically induced variation in the stability of FMN-wrapped carbon nanotubes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:7209-7215. [PMID: 23402431 PMCID: PMC3683083 DOI: 10.1021/la304615g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Isotopic, hydrogen-to-deuterium substitution has been an invaluable tool in the characterization of small molecules and biological nanostructures. The natural variability of most inorganic nanomaterials has hindered the use of isotopic substitution in gaining meaningful insights into their structure. The ideal helical wrapping of a flavin mononucleotide (FMN) around (8,6)-SWNTs (single-walled carbon nanotubes) is presently utilized to probe isotopically dependent intermolecular interactions. The facile proton-to-deuterium exchange of the imide group of FMN enabled us to alter the intermolecular stability of the helix depending on the surrounding solvent (i.e., H2O vs D2O). Our studies show that FMN-dispersed (8,6)-SWNTs exhibit greater stability in D2O than in H2O. The higher complex stability in D2O was verified on the basis of (i) FMN helix replacement with SDBS (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfate) and (ii) thermal- and (iii) pH-induced helix dissociation. This is in agreement with the previously observed stronger amide H-bonding of proteins in D2O, and to the best of our knowledge, it demonstrates the architectural fidelity of FMN-wrapped SWNTs, which is expected to enhance the assembly repertoire of carbon nanotubes further.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Sharifi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, USA
| | - D. C. Abanulo
- Nanomaterials Optoelectronics Laboratory (NOEL), Polymer Program, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, USA
| | - F. Papadimitrakopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, USA
- Nanomaterials Optoelectronics Laboratory (NOEL), Polymer Program, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, USA
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Ghosh A, Ghosh S, Das S, Das PK, Banerjee R. Single walled carbon nanotube–borosilicate glass composite as broadband near infrared emitter for multifunctional photonic applications. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zhang D, Yang J, Li Y. Spectroscopic characterization of the chiral structure of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes and the edge structure of isolated graphene nanoribbons. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:1284-1304. [PMID: 23529997 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201202986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The chiral structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and the edge structure of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) play an important role in determining their electronic and phonon structures. Spectroscopic methods, which require simple sample preparation and cause minimal sample damage, are the most commonly utilized techniques for determining the structures of SWNTs and graphene. In this review the current status of various spectroscopic methods are presented in detail, including resonance Raman, photoluminescence (PL), and Rayleigh scattering spectroscopies, for determination of the chiral structure of individual SWNTs and the edge structure of isolated graphene, especially of graphene nanoribbons. The different photophysical processes involved in each spectroscopic method are reviewed to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the electronic and phonon properties of SWNTs and graphene. The advantages and limitations of each spectroscopic method as well as the challenges in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqi Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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Mehlenbacher RD, Wu MY, Grechko M, Laaser JE, Arnold MS, Zanni MT. Photoexcitation dynamics of coupled semiconducting carbon nanotube thin films. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:1495-501. [PMID: 23464618 DOI: 10.1021/nl304591w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes are a promising means of capturing photons for use in solar cell devices. We time-resolved the photoexcitation dynamics of coupled, bandgap-selected, semiconducting carbon nanotubes in thin films tailored for photovoltaics. Using transient absorption spectroscopy and anisotropy measurements, we found that the photoexcitation evolves by two mechanisms with a fast and long-range component followed by a slow and short-range component. Within 300 fs of optical excitation, 20% of nanotubes transfer their photoexcitation over 5-10 nm into nearby nanotube fibers. After 3 ps, 70% of the photoexcitation resides on the smallest bandgap nanotubes. After this ultrafast process, the photoexcitation continues to transfer on a ~10 ps time scale but to predominantly aligned tubes. Ultimately the photoexcitation hops twice on average between fibers. These results are important for understanding the flow of energy and charge in coupled nanotube materials and light-harvesting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy D Mehlenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Bonaccorso F, Tan PH, Ferrari AC. Multiwall nanotubes, multilayers, and hybrid nanostructures: new frontiers for technology and Raman spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2013; 7:1838-44. [PMID: 23472925 DOI: 10.1021/nn400758r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Technological progress is determined, to a great extent, by developments in material science. Breakthroughs can happen when a new type of material or new combinations of known materials with different dimensionality and functionality are created. Multilayered structures, being planar or concentric, are now emerging as major players at the forefront of research. Raman spectroscopy is a well-established characterization technique for carbon nanomaterials and is being developed for layered materials. In this issue of ACS Nano, Hirschmann et al. investigate triple-wall carbon nanotubes via resonant Raman spectroscopy, showing how a wealth of information can be derived about these complex structures. The next challenge is to tackle hybrid heterostructures, consisting of different planar or concentric materials, arranged "on demand" to achieve targeted properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bonaccorso
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
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Nanot S, Hároz EH, Kim JH, Hauge RH, Kono J. Optoelectronic properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:4977-94. [PMID: 22911973 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201201751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), with their uniquely simple crystal structures and chirality-dependent electronic and vibrational states, provide an ideal laboratory for the exploration of novel 1D physics, as well as quantum engineered architectures for applications in optoelectronics. This article provides an overview of recent progress in optical studies of SWCNTs. In particular, recent progress in post-growth separation methods allows different species of SWCNTs to be sorted out in bulk quantities according to their diameters, chiralities, and electronic types, enabling studies of (n,m)-dependent properties using standard macroscopic characterization measurements. Here, a review is presented of recent optical studies of samples enriched in 'armchair' (n = m) species, which are truly metallic nanotubes but show excitonic interband absorption. Furthermore, it is shown that intense ultrashort optical pulses can induce ultrafast bandgap oscillations in SWCNTs, via the generation of coherent phonons, which in turn modulate the transmission of a delayed probe pulse. Combined with pulse-shaping techniques, coherent phonon spectroscopy provides a powerful method for studying exciton-phonon coupling in SWCNTs in a chirality-selective manner. Finally, some of the basic properties of highly aligned SWCNT films are highlighted, which are particularly well-suited for optoelectronic applications including terahertz polarizers with nearly perfect extinction ratios and broadband photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Nanot
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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Jain RM, Howden R, Tvrdy K, Shimizu S, Hilmer AJ, McNicholas TP, Gleason KK, Strano MS. Polymer-free near-infrared photovoltaics with single chirality (6,5) semiconducting carbon nanotube active layers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:4436-4439. [PMID: 22740144 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201202088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a polymer-free carbon-based photovoltaic device that relies on exciton dissociation at the SWNT/C(60) interface, as shown in the figure. Through the construction of a carbon-based photovoltaic completely free of polymeric active or transport layers, we show both the feasibility of this novel device as well as inform the mechanisms for inefficiencies in SWNTs and carbon based solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh M Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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