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Qiu Y, Wang R, Zhang E, Shang Y, Feng G, Wang W, Ma Y, Bai W, Zhang W, Xu Z, Shi W, Niu X. Carotenoid biosynthesis profiling unveils the variance of flower coloration in Tagetes erecta and enhances fruit pigmentation in tomato. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 347:112207. [PMID: 39084492 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Carotenoids play a pivotal role in plant. Tagetes erecta, commonly called marigold, has increasing nutritional and economic value due to its high level of carotenoids in flower. However, the functional genes in the carotenoid biosynthesis of T. erecta have not been studied. In this work, three T. erecta varieties with flowers of yellow, yellow-orange and orange color, respectively, were examined for carotenoids composition and corresponding expression profiling of biosynthetic genes at four developmental stages. The results indicated that the varieties with higher lutein content, orange-flower 'Juwang' and yellow-orange 'Taishan', exhibited significant upregulation of genes in the upstream biosynthesis pathway, especially PDS (phytoene desaturase), PSY (phytoene synthase) and ZDS (zeta-carotene desaturase), whereas downstream carotenoid cleavage genes CCD (carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase) were markedly downregulated throughout flower development in the highest lutein containing variety 'Juwang'. Furthermore, marigold TePDS, TePSYS3 and TeZDS were isolated and transformed into tomato. Overexpression of TePDS or TeZDS resulted in the promotion of fruit ripening and accumulation of carotenoids in the transgenic lines. On the other hand, marigold TePSYS3 showed multiple effects, not only on fruit carotenogenesis but also on pigmentation patterns in vegetative tissues and plant growth. Taken together, the variations in expression profiles of the biosynthetic genes contribute to dynamic change in carotenoid levels and diversity of flower coloration in T. erecta. These functional genes of T. erecta were verified in tomato and provide targets for genetic improvement of fruit carotenoids accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Qiu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ruipeng Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Enqi Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yafang Shang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Guodong Feng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yilong Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wenbo Bai
- Anhui Jiaotianxiang Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Xuancheng 242099, China
| | - Wan Zhang
- Anhui Jiaotianxiang Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Xuancheng 242099, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Wei Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xiangli Niu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China.
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2
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Yu J, Wang Y, Bai H, Zhang X, Wang R. Genome-wide identification and expressional analysis of carotenoid cleavage oxygenase (CCO) gene family in Betula platyphylla under abiotic stress. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:872. [PMID: 39294571 PMCID: PMC11409583 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10777-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (CCOs) are a group of enzymes that catalyze the oxidative cleavage of carotenoid molecules. These enzymes widely exist in plants, fungi, and certain bacteria, and are involved in various biological processes. It would be of great importance and necessity to identify CCO members in birch and characterize their responses upon abiotic stresses. RESULTS A total of 16 BpCCOs, including 8 BpCCDs and 8 BpNCEDs were identified in birch, and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that they could be classified into six subgroups. Collinearity analysis revealed that BpCCOs have the largest number of homologous genes in Gossypium hirsutum and also have more homologous genes in other dicotyledons. In addition, promoter analysis revealed that the promoter regions of BpCCOs contained many abiotic stress-related and hormone-responsive elements. The results of qRT-PCR showed that most of the BpCCOs were able to respond significantly to ABA, PEG, salt and cold stresses. Finally, the prediction of the interacting proteins of BpCCOs by STRING revealed several proteins that may interact with BpCCOs and be involved in plant growth and development/abiotic stress processes, such as HEC1 (bHLH), ATABA1, ATVAMP714, etc. CONCLUSION: In this study, the CCO members were identified in birch in a genome-wide scale. These results indicate that BpCCO genes may play important roles in the abiotic stress responses of birch plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Heming Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang Harbin, 150040, China.
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Chen Q, Lyu L, Xue H, Shah AM, Zhao ZK. Engineering a non-model yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa for terpenoids synthesis. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2024; 9:569-576. [PMID: 38690180 PMCID: PMC11058065 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids have tremendous biological activities and are widely employed in food, healthcare and pharmaceutical industries. Using synthetic biology to product terpenoids from microbial cell factories presents a promising alternative route compared to conventional methods such as chemical synthesis or phytoextraction. The red yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa has been widely studied due to its natural production capacity of carotenoid and lipids, indicating a strong endogenous isoprene pathway with readily available metabolic intermediates. This study constructed several engineered strains of R. mucilaginosa with the aim of producing different terpenoids. Monoterpene α-terpineol was produced by expressing the α-terpineol synthase from Vitis vinifera. The titer of α-terpineol was further enhanced to 0.39 mg/L by overexpressing the endogenous rate-limiting gene of the MVA pathway. Overexpression of α-farnesene synthase from Malus domestica, in combination with MVA pathway rate-limiting gene resulted in significant increase in α-farnesene production, reaching a titer of 822 mg/L. The carotenoid degradation product β-ionone was produced at a titer of 0.87 mg/L by expressing the β-ionone synthase from Petunia hybrida. This study demonstrates the potential of R. mucilaginosa as a platform host for the direct biosynthesis of various terpenoids and provides insights for further development of such platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongqiong Chen
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liting Lyu
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Haizhao Xue
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Aabid Manzoor Shah
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zongbao Kent Zhao
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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Morote L, Gómez-Gómez L, López-Jimenez A, Ahrazem O, Rubio-Moraga Á. In vitro dioxygenase activity characterization using headspace stir bar sorptive extraction (HSSE). ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:5733-5740. [PMID: 39139129 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00827h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
An analytical approach employing headspace sorptive extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HSSE-GC-MS) has been successfully developed for the determination of apocarotenoid volatiles arising from the enzymatic activity of carotenoid cleavage enzymes (CCDs) in Escherichia coli. The GjCCD4a enzyme derived from gardenia, known for its cleavage specificity at 7,8 and 7',8' double bonds across diverse carotenoid substrates, was utilized as a reference enzyme, using β-carotene as the substrate for the enzymatic activity assays. Optimal headspace conditions for analysis were established following a 5 hours induction period of the recombinant GjCCD4a protein within E. coli cells, engineered to produce β-carotene. The analytical method demonstrated linearity, with correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.95) in calibration, while achieving detection and quantification limits conducive to the accurate determination of β-cyclocitral. Notably, this methodological framework significantly reduced both the handling complexity and sample processing time in comparison to conventional liquid chromatography methods employed for the detection of cleavage products and determination of CCD activities. The proposed HSSE-GC-MS approach not only enhances the efficiency of apocarotenoid analysis but also provides a sensitive means for unraveling the intricate enzymatic processes associated with CCD-mediated carotenoid cleavage in a bacterial model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Morote
- Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete 02071, Spain.
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete 02071, Spain.
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Dr. José Maria Sánchez Ibañez, s/n, Albacete 02071, Spain
| | - Alberto López-Jimenez
- Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete 02071, Spain.
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes y Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete 02071, Spain
| | - Oussama Ahrazem
- Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete 02071, Spain.
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes y Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete 02071, Spain
| | - Ángela Rubio-Moraga
- Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete 02071, Spain.
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes y Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete 02071, Spain
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Xu J, Xia Y, Shi Y, Zhu M, Zhang H, Gui X, Shen W, Yang H, Chen X. Metabolic Engineering of Candida tropicalis for the De Novo Synthesis of β-Ionone. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:2533-2544. [PMID: 39090815 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
β-ionone, a norisoprenoid, is a natural aromatic compound derived from plants, which displays various biological activities including anticancer, antioxidant and deworming properties. Due to its large biomass and strong environmental tolerance, the nonconventional oleaginous yeast Candida tropicalis was selected to efficiently synthesize β-ionone. We initially investigated the capacity of the cytoplasm and subcellular compartments to synthesize β-ionone independently. Subsequently, through adaptive screening of enzymes, functional identification of subcellular localization signal peptides and subcellular compartment combination strategies, a titer of 152.4 mg/L of β-ionone was achieved. Finally, directed evolution of rate-limiting enzyme and overexpression of key enzymes were performed to enhance β-ionone production. The resulting titer was 400.5 mg/L in shake flasks and 730 mg/L in a bioreactor. This study demonstrates the first de novo synthesis of β-ionone in C. tropicalis, providing a novel cellular chassis for terpenoid fragrances with considerable industrial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yibo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Manzhi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haibing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoying Gui
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haiquan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xianzhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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6
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Pérez-Llorca M, Müller M. Unlocking Nature's Rhythms: Insights into Secondary Metabolite Modulation by the Circadian Clock. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7308. [PMID: 39000414 PMCID: PMC11241833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants, like many other living organisms, have an internal timekeeper, the circadian clock, which allows them to anticipate photoperiod rhythms and environmental stimuli to optimally adjust plant growth, development, and fitness. These fine-tuned processes depend on the interaction between environmental signals and the internal interactive metabolic network regulated by the circadian clock. Although primary metabolites have received significant attention, the impact of the circadian clock on secondary metabolites remains less explored. Transcriptome analyses revealed that many genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis exhibit diurnal expression patterns, potentially enhancing stress tolerance. Understanding the interaction mechanisms between the circadian clock and secondary metabolites, including plant defense mechanisms against stress, may facilitate the development of stress-resilient crops and enhance targeted management practices that integrate circadian agricultural strategies, particularly in the face of climate change. In this review, we will delve into the molecular mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms of phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and N-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pérez-Llorca
- Department of Biology, Health and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maren Müller
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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7
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An Y, Jiao X, Yang S, Wang S, Chen N, Huang L, Jiang C, Lu M, Zhang J. Evaluation of novel promoters for vascular tissue-specific gene expression in Populus. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 344:112083. [PMID: 38588982 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Due to the extended generation cycle of trees, the breeding process for forest trees tends to be time-consuming. Genetic engineering has emerged as a viable approach to expedite the genetic breeding of forest trees. However, current genetic engineering techniques employed in forest trees often utilize continuous expression promoters such as CaMV 35S, which may result in unintended consequences by introducing genes into non-target tissues. Therefore, it is imperative to develop specific promoters for forest trees to facilitate targeted and precise design and breeding. In this study, we utilized single-cell RNA-Seq data and co-expression network analysis during wood formation to identify three vascular tissue-specific genes in poplar, PP2-A10, PXY, and VNS07, which are expressed in the phloem, cambium/expanding xylem, and mature xylem, respectively. Subsequently, we cloned the promoters of these three genes from '84K' poplar and constructed them into a vector containing the eyGFPuv visual selection marker, along with the 35S mini enhancer to drive GUS gene expression. Transgenic poplars expressing the ProPagPP2-A10::GUS, ProPagPXY::GUS, and ProPagVNS07::GUS constructs were obtained. To further elucidate the tissue specificity of these promoters, we employed qPCR, histochemical staining, and GUS enzyme activity. Our findings not only establish a solid foundation for the future utilization of these promoters to precisely express of specific functional genes in stems but also provide a novel perspective for the modular breeding of forest trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi An
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Xue Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Ningning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Lichao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
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8
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Ragupathy S, Thirugnanasambandam A, Henry T, Vinayagam V, Sneha R, Newmaster SG. Flower Species Ingredient Verification Using Orthogonal Molecular Methods. Foods 2024; 13:1862. [PMID: 38928803 PMCID: PMC11203286 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Flowers are gaining considerable interest among consumers as ingredients in food, beverages, cosmetics, and natural health products. The supply chain trades in multiple forms of botanicals, including fresh whole flowers, which are easier to identify than dried flowers or flowers processed as powdered or liquid extracts. There is a gap in the scientific methods available for the verification of flower species ingredients traded in the supply chains of multiple markets. The objective of this paper is to develop methods for flower species ingredient verification using two orthogonal methods. More specifically, the objectives of this study employed both (1) DNA-based molecular diagnostic methods and (2) NMR metabolite fingerprint methods in the identification of 23 common flower species ingredients. NMR data analysis reveals considerable information on the variation in metabolites present in different flower species, including color variants within species. This study provides a comprehensive comparison of two orthogonal methods for verifying flower species ingredient supply chains to ensure the highest quality products. By thoroughly analyzing the benefits and limitations of each approach, this research offers valuable insights to support quality assurance and improve consumer confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanyam Ragupathy
- Natural Health Product Research Alliance, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.T.); (T.H.); (V.V.); (S.G.N.)
| | - Arunachalam Thirugnanasambandam
- Natural Health Product Research Alliance, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.T.); (T.H.); (V.V.); (S.G.N.)
| | - Thomas Henry
- Natural Health Product Research Alliance, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.T.); (T.H.); (V.V.); (S.G.N.)
| | - Varathan Vinayagam
- Natural Health Product Research Alliance, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.T.); (T.H.); (V.V.); (S.G.N.)
| | - Ragupathy Sneha
- College of Medicine, American University of Antigua, Jobberwock Beach Road, Coolidge P.O. Box W1451, Antigua;
| | - Steven G. Newmaster
- Natural Health Product Research Alliance, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.T.); (T.H.); (V.V.); (S.G.N.)
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Ahmad A, Sami A, Habib U, Ali M, Shafiq M, Haider MZ, Ahmad S, Ali B, Harakeh S, Makki RM, Chaudhary T, Soudy FA. Genome wide analysis of carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (CCO) gene family in Arachis hypogaea (peanut) under biotic stress. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:469. [PMID: 38745121 PMCID: PMC11092132 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10351-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (CCOs) enzymes play a vital role in plant growth and development through the synthesis of apocarotenoids and their derivative. These chemicals are necessary for flower and fruit coloration, as well as the manufacture of plant hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA) and strigolactones, which control a variety of physiological processes. The CCOs gene family has not been characterized in Arachis hypogaea. Genome mining of A. hypogaea identifies 24 AhCCO gene members. The AhCCO gene family was divided into two subgroups based on the recent study of the Arabidopsis thaliana CCO gene family classification system. Twenty-three AhCCO genes, constituting 95.8% of the total, were regulated by 29 miRNAs, underscoring the significance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in governing gene expression in peanuts. AhCCD19 is the only gene that lacks a miRNA target site. The physicochemical characteristics of CCO genes and their molecular weights and isoelectric points were studied further. The genes were then characterized regarding chromosomal distribution, structure, and promoter cis-elements. Light, stress development, drought stress, and hormone responsiveness were discovered to be associated with AhCCO genes, which can be utilized in developing more resilient crops. The investigation also showed the cellular location of the encoded proteins and discovered that the peanut carotenoid oxygenase gene family's expansion was most likely the result of tandem, segmental, and whole-genome duplication events. The localization expresses the abundance of genes mostly in the cytoplasm and chloroplast. Expression analysis shows that AhCCD7 and AhCCD14 genes show the maximum expression in the apical meristem, lateral leaf, and pentafoliate leaf development, while AhNCED9 and AhNCED13 express in response to Aspergillus flavus resistance. This knowledge throws light on the evolutionary history of the AhCCO gene family and may help researchers better understand the molecular processes behind gene duplication occurrences in plants. An integrated synteny study was used to find orthologous carotenoid oxygenase genes in A. hypogaea, whereas Arabidopsis thaliana and Beta vulgaris were used as references for the functional characterization of peanut CCO genes. These studies provide a foundation for future research on the regulation and functions of this gene family. This information provides valuable insights into the genetic regulation of AhCCO genes. This technology could create molecular markers for breeding programs to develop new peanut lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Ahmad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Sami
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Umer Habib
- Department of Horticulture, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Zeshan Haider
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Shahbaz Ahmad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Steve Harakeh
- King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Yousef Abdul Latif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania M Makki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Chaudhary
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Godollo, 2100, Hungary.
| | - Fathia A Soudy
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, 13736, Egypt
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10
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Morote L, Rubio-Moraga Á, López Jiménez AJ, Aragonés V, Diretto G, Demurtas OC, Frusciante S, Ahrazem O, Daròs JA, Gómez-Gómez L. Verbascum species as a new source of saffron apocarotenoids and molecular tools for the biotechnological production of crocins and picrocrocin. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:58-72. [PMID: 38100533 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Crocins are glucosylated apocarotenoids present in flowers and fruits of a few plant species, including saffron, gardenia, and Buddleja. The biosynthesis of crocins in these plants has been unraveled, and the enzymes engineered for the production of crocins in heterologous systems. Mullein (Verbascum sp.) has been identified as a new source of crocins and picrocrocin. In this work, we have identified eight enzymes involved in the cleavage of carotenoids in two Verbascum species, V. giganteum and V. sinuatum. Four of them were homologous to the previously identified BdCCD4.1 and BdCCD4.3 from Buddleja, involved in the biosynthesis of crocins. These enzymes were analyzed for apocarotenogenic activity in bacteria and Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a virus-driven system. Metabolic analyses of bacterial extracts and N. benthamiana leaves showed the efficient activity of these enzymes to produce crocins using β-carotene and zeaxanthin as substrates. Accumulations of 0.17% of crocins in N. benthamiana dry leaves were reached in only 2 weeks using a recombinant virus expressing VgCCD4.1, similar to the amounts previously produced using the canonical saffron CsCCD2L. The identification of these enzymes, which display a particularly broad substrate spectrum, opens new avenues for apocarotenoid biotechnological production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Morote
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Ángela Rubio-Moraga
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes y Biotecnología. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Alberto José López Jiménez
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes y Biotecnología. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Verónica Aragonés
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València), 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development, Casaccia Research Centre, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Olivia Costantina Demurtas
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development, Casaccia Research Centre, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah Frusciante
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development, Casaccia Research Centre, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Oussama Ahrazem
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes y Biotecnología. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - José-Antonio Daròs
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València), 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain
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11
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Qi Z, Tong X, Ke K, Wang X, Pei J, Bu S, Zhao L. De Novo Synthesis of Dihydro-β-ionone through Metabolic Engineering and Bacterium-Yeast Coculture. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3066-3076. [PMID: 38294193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Dihydro-β-ionone is a common type of ionone used in the flavor and fragrance industries because of its characteristic scent. The production of flavors in microbial cell factories offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to accessing them, independent of extraction from natural sources. However, the native pathway of dihydro-β-ionone remains unclear, hindering heterologous biosynthesis in microbial hosts. Herein, we devised a microbial platform for de novo syntheses of dihydro-β-ionone from a simple carbon source with glycerol. The complete dihydro-β-ionone pathway was reconstructed in Escherichia coli with multiple metabolic engineering strategies to generate a strain capable of producing 8 mg/L of dihydro-β-ionone, although this was accompanied by a surplus precursor β-ionone in culture. To overcome this issue, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was identified as having a conversion rate for transforming β-ionone to dihydro-β-ionone that was higher than that of E. coli via whole-cell catalysis. Consequently, the titer of dihydro-β-ionone was increased using the E. coli-S. cerevisiae coculture to 27 mg/L. Our study offers an efficient platform for biobased dihydro-β-ionone production and extends coculture engineering to overproducing target molecules in extended metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Qi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Xinyi Tong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Kaixuan Ke
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianjun Pei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Su Bu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Linguo Zhao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
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12
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Li X, Zhang D, Pan X, Kakar KU, Nawaz Z. Regulation of carotenoid metabolism and ABA biosynthesis during blueberry fruit ripening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108232. [PMID: 38091932 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Carotenoids and their derivates play critical physiologic roles in plants. However, these substrates and their metabolism have not been elucidated in fruit of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). In this study, carotenoids and ABA were investigated by LC-MS and their biosynthesis were subject to proteomic analysis during fruit ripening. Activity of CCD1 and NCED1/3 were studied in vivo or in vitro. Also, effects of ethephon and 1-MCP on biosynthesis of carotenoid and ABA were investigated through the expression of corresponding genes using qPCR. As a result, carotenoid biosynthesis was prominently mitigated whereas its metabolism was enhanced during fruit ripening, which resulted in a decrease in the carotenoids. VcCCD1 could both cleave β-carotene, zeaxanthin and lutein at positions of 9, 10 (9', 10'), which was mainly responsible for the degradation of these carotenoids. Interestingly, in the situation of mitigation of carotenoid biosynthesis, ABA still rapidly accumulated, which was mainly attributed to the upregulated expression of VcNCED1/3. Notably, VcNCED1/3 also showed a cleavage activity of all-trans-zeaxanthin and a stereospecific cleavage activity of 9-cis-carotene to generate C15-carotenal. The C15-carotenal could be potentially converted to ABA through ZEP-independent ABA biosynthetic pathway during blueberry fruit ripening. Similar to a nature natural maturation, ethylene accelerated the carotenoid degradation and ABA biosynthesis trough downregulating the expression of genes in carotenoid biosynthesis and upregulating the expression of genes in ABA biosynthesis. These information help understand the regulation of carotenoids and ABA, and effects of ethylene on the regulation during blueberry fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobai Li
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China
| | - Xuhao Pan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Kaleem Ullah Kakar
- Baluchistan University of Information Technology and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Zarqa Nawaz
- Baluchistan University of Information Technology and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
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13
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Qi Z, Tong X, Zhang Y, Jia S, Fang X, Zhao L. Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase 1 and Its Application for the Production of C13-Apocarotenoids in Microbial Cell Factories: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19240-19254. [PMID: 38047615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
C13-apocarotenoids are naturally derived from the C9-C10 (C9'-C10') double-bond cleavage of carotenoids by carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs). As high-value flavors and fragrances in the food and cosmetic industries, the sustainable production of C13-apocarotenoids is emerging in microbial cell factories by the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 (CCD1) subfamily. However, the commercialization of microbial-based C13-apocarotenoids is still limited by the poor performance of CCD1, which severely constrains its conversion efficiency from precursor carotenoids. This review focuses on the classification of CCDs and their cleavage modes for carotenoids to generate corresponding apocarotenoids. We then emphatically discuss the advances for C13-apocarotenoid biosynthesis in microbial cell factories with various strategies, including optimization of CCD1 expression, improvement of CCD1's catalytic activity and substrate specificity, strengthening of substrate channeling, and development of oleaginous microbial hosts, which have been verified to increase the conversion rate from carotenoids. Lastly, the current challenges and future directions will be discussed to enhance CCDs' application for C13-apocarotenoids biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Qi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xinyi Tong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shutong Jia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xianying Fang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Linguo Zhao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest, Nanjing 210037, China
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14
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Akram J, Siddique R, Shafiq M, Tabassum B, Manzoor MT, Javed MA, Anwar S, Nisa BU, Saleem MH, Javed B, Malik T, Mustafa AEZMA, Ali B. Genome-wide identification of CCO gene family in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and its comparative analysis with A. thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:640. [PMID: 38082240 PMCID: PMC10712067 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoid cleavage oxygenase (CCO) is an enzyme capable of converting carotenoids into volatile, aromatic compounds and it plays an important role in the production of two significant plant hormones, i.e., abscisic acid (ABA) and strigolactone (SL). The cucumber plant genome has not been mined for genomewide identification of the CCO gene family. In the present study, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide analysis to identify and thoroughly examine the CCO gene family within the genomic sequence of Cucumis sativus L. A Total of 10 CCO genes were identified and mostly localized in the cytoplasm and chloroplast. The CCO gene is divided into seven subfamilies i.e. 3 NCED, 3 CCD, and 1 CCD-like (CCDL) subfamily according to phylogenetic analysis. Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) analysis revealed the elements associated with growth and development as well as reactions to phytohormonal, biotic, and abiotic stress conditions. CCOs were involved in a variety of physiological and metabolic processes, according to Gene Ontology annotation. Additionally, 10 CCO genes were regulated by 84 miRNA. The CsCCO genes had substantial purifying selection acting upon them, according to the synteny block. In addition, RNAseq analysis indicated that CsCCO genes were expressed in response to phloem transportation and treatment of chitosan oligosaccharides. CsCCD7 and CsNCED2 showed the highest gene expression in response to the exogenous application of chitosan oligosaccharides to improve cold stress in cucumbers. We also found that these genes CsCCD4a and CsCCDL-a showed the highest expression in different plant organs with respect to phloem content. The cucumber CCO gene family was the subject of the first genome-wide report in this study, which may help us better understand cucumber CCO proteins and lay the groundwork for the gene family's future cloning and functional investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannat Akram
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Siddique
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Tabassum
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Manzoor
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad Javed
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Samia Anwar
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Bader Un Nisa
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bilal Javed
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Tabarak Malik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Abd El-Zaher M A Mustafa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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15
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Boarino A, Charmillot J, Figueirêdo MB, Le TTH, Carrara N, Klok HA. Ductile, High-Lignin-Content Thermoset Films and Coatings. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:16442-16452. [PMID: 38028402 PMCID: PMC10664141 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c03030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In the context of transitioning toward a more sustainable use of natural resources, the application of lignin to substitute commonly utilized petroleum-based plastics can play a key role. Although lignin is highly available at low cost and presents interesting properties, such as antioxidant and UV barrier activities, its application is limited by its low reactivity, which is a consequence of harsh conditions normally used to extract lignin from biomass. In this work, the use of glyoxylic acid lignin (GA lignin), rich in carboxylic acid groups and hence highly reactive toward epoxy cross-linkers, is presented. GA lignin, which is directly extracted from biomass via a one-step aldehyde-assisted fractionation process, allowed the preparation of thermoset films and coatings via a simple reaction with sustainable poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether and glycerol diglycidyl ether cross-linkers. This allows one to prepare freestanding films containing up to 70 wt % lignin with tunable mechanical properties and covalently surface-attached coatings containing up to 90 wt % lignin with high solvent resistance. Both films and coatings display antioxidant properties and combine excellent UV barrier activity with high visible transparency, which is attractive for applications in sustainable food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Boarino
- Institut
des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Justine Charmillot
- Bloom
Biorenewables, Route
de l’Ancienne Papeterie 106, CH-1723 Marly, Switzerland
| | | | - Thanh T. H. Le
- Institut
des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Carrara
- Institut
des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut
des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Xu L, Zang E, Sun S, Li M. Main flavor compounds and molecular regulation mechanisms in fruits and vegetables. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11859-11879. [PMID: 35816297 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2097195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables (F&V) are an indispensable part of a healthy diet. The volatile and nonvolatile compounds present in F&V constitute unique flavor substances. This paper reviews the main flavor substances present in F&V, as well as the biosynthetic pathways and molecular regulation mechanisms of these compounds. A series of compounds introduced include aromatic substances, soluble sugars and organic acids, which constitute the key flavor substances of F&V. Esters, phenols, alcohols, amino acids and terpenes are the main volatile aromatic substances, and nonvolatile substances are represented by amino acids, fatty acids and carbohydrates; The combination of these ingredients is the cause of the sour, sweet, bitter, astringent and spicy taste of these foods. This provides a theoretical basis for the study of the interaction between volatile and nonvolatile substances in F&V, and also provides a research direction for the healthy development of food in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Erhuan Zang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Characteristic Geoherbs Resources Protection and Utilization, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Shuying Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Minhui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Characteristic Geoherbs Resources Protection and Utilization, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
- Inner Mongolia Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Traditional Chinese and Mongolian Medical Research Institute, Hohhot, China
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17
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Ding A, Bao F, Cheng W, Cheng T, Zhang Q. Phylogeny of PmCCD Gene Family and Expression Analysis of Flower Coloration and Stress Response in Prunus mume. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13950. [PMID: 37762261 PMCID: PMC10531161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The CCD gene family plays a crucial role in the cleavage of carotenoids, converting them into apocarotenoids. This process not only impacts the physiology and development of plants but also enhances their tolerance toward different stresses. However, the character of the PmCCD gene family and its role in ornamental woody Prunus mume remain unclear. Here, ten non-redundant PmCCD genes were identified from the P. mume genome, and their physicochemical characteristics were predicted. According to the phylogenetic tree, PmCCD proteins were classified into six subfamilies: CCD1, CCD4, CCD7, CCD8, NCED and CCD-like. The same subfamily possessed similar gene structural patterns and numbers of conserved motifs. Ten PmCCD genes were concentrated on three chromosomes. PmCCD genes exhibited interspecific collinearity with P. armeniaca and P. persica. Additionally, PmCCD genes had obvious specificity in different tissues and varieties. Compared with white-flowered 'ZLE', PmCCD1 and PmCCD4 genes were low-expressed in 'HJH' with yellow petals, which suggested PmCCD1 and PmCCD4 might be related to the formation of yellow flowers in P. mume. Nine PmCCD genes could respond to NaCl or PEG treatments. These genes might play a crucial role in salt and drought resistance in P. mume. Moreover, PmVAR3 and PmSAT3/5 interacted with PmCCD4 protein in yeast and tobacco leaf cells. This study laid a foundation for exploring the role of the PmCCD gene family in flower coloration and stress response in P. mume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (A.D.); (W.C.); (T.C.)
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fei Bao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (A.D.); (W.C.); (T.C.)
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenhui Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (A.D.); (W.C.); (T.C.)
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tangren Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (A.D.); (W.C.); (T.C.)
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (A.D.); (W.C.); (T.C.)
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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18
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Llorens L, Tomàs J, Ferriol P, García MT, Gil L. Floral Aroma and Pollinator Relationships in Two Sympatric Late-Summer-Flowering Mediterranean Asparagus Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3219. [PMID: 37765383 PMCID: PMC10537274 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
This research delves into plant-pollinator relationships within the Mediterranean region, focusing on two synchronous and sympatric asparagus species: A. acutifolius and A. albus. For the first time, the floral scents of the genus Asparagus are reported. We investigate the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in their floral scents and their impact on pollinator attraction. Captured flower-emitted VOCs underwent solid-phase microextraction of headspace (SPME-HS) and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The investigation confirms distinctive aroma profiles for each species. A. albus predominantly emits benzene derivatives and sesquiterpenes, while A. acutifolius is characterized by carotenoid derivatives, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. The only shared compounds between the two species are the sesquiterpenes (Z,E)-α-farnesene and (E,E)-α-farnesene. A positive correlation links peak floral aroma intensity (benzenoids in A. albus and ionones in A. acutifolius) with a higher pollinator visit frequency, emphasizing the critical role of intense floral scents in pollinator attraction. The study of reproductive aspects reveals almost complete gynodioecy in A. acutifolius, influencing unique dynamics for the two species. These adaptations hold significant importance within the Mediterranean ecosystem, particularly during the late dry summer period, when a limited number of plant species vie for a shared primary pollinator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Llorens
- Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Ctra. Palma-Valldemossa Km. 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; (P.F.); (L.G.)
| | - Joan Tomàs
- Department of Biology (Botany), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Ctra. Palma-Valldemossa Km. 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain;
| | - Pere Ferriol
- Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Ctra. Palma-Valldemossa Km. 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; (P.F.); (L.G.)
| | - María Trinitat García
- Scientific and Technical Services, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Carretera de Valldemossa Km. 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain;
| | - Lorenzo Gil
- Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Ctra. Palma-Valldemossa Km. 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; (P.F.); (L.G.)
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19
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Ni Z, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Hu Q, Lin J, Lin H, Hao Z, Wang Y, Zhou J, Sun Y. Dynamic change of the carotenoid metabolic pathway profile during oolong tea processing with supplementary LED light. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112839. [PMID: 37254414 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoid-derived volatiles are important contributors to tea aroma quality. However, the profile of the carotenoid pathway and carotenoid-derived volatiles (CDVs) artificial regulation in oolong tea processing has yet to be investigated. In the present work, the content and varieties of carotenoid-derived volatiles, the genome-wide identification of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CsCCD) gene family, the expression level of CsCCD and other key genes in the carotenoid pathway, and the profile of carotenoid substances were analyzed by multi-omics and bioinformatics methods with innovative postharvest supplementary LED light during oolong tea processing. The results showed that during oolong tea processing, a total of 17 CDVs were identified. The content of β-ionone increased up to 26.07 times that of fresh leaves and its formation was significantly promoted with supplementary LED light from 0.54 μg/g to 0.83 μg/g in the third turning over treatment. A total of 11 CsCCD gene family members were identified and 119 light response cis-acting regulatory elements of CsCCD were found. However, the expression level of most genes in the carotenoid pathway including CsCCD were reduced due to mechanical stress. 'Huangdan' fresh tea leaves had a total of 1 430.46 μg/g 22 varieties of carotenoids, which mainly composed of lutein(78.10%), β-carotene(8.24%) and zeaxanthin(8.18%). With supplementary LED light, the content of antherxanthin and zeaxanthin in xanthophyll cycle was regulated and CDVs such as α-ionone, β-ionone, pseudoionone, damascenone, 6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one, citral, geranyl acetate and α-farnesene were promoted significantly in different phases during oolong tea processing. Our results revealed the profile of the carotenoid metabolism pathway in oolong tea processing from the perspective of precursors, gene expression and products, and put forward an innovative way to improve CDVs by postharvest supplementary LED light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Ni
- College of Horticulture/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Department of Tea Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yun Yang
- College of Horticulture/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yining Zhang
- College of Horticulture/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qingcai Hu
- College of Horticulture/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiaqi Lin
- College of Horticulture/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hongzheng Lin
- College of Horticulture/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhilong Hao
- College of Horticulture/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Department of Tea Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jihong Zhou
- Department of Tea Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yun Sun
- College of Horticulture/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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20
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Cheng C, Yang R, Yin L, Zhang J, Gao L, Lu R, Yang Y, Wang P, Mu X, Zhang S, Zhang B, Zhang J. Characterization of Carotenoid Cleavage Oxygenase Genes in Cerasus humilis and Functional Analysis of ChCCD1. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112114. [PMID: 37299092 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (CCOs) are key enzymes that function in degrading carotenoids into a variety of apocarotenoids and some other compounds. In this study, we performed genome-wide identification and characterization analysis of CCO genes in Cerasus humilis. Totally, nine CCO genes could be classified into six subfamilies, including carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 (CCD1), CCD4, CCD7, CCD8, CCD-like and nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), were identified. Results of gene expression analysis showed that ChCCOs exhibited diverse expression patterns in different organs and in fruits at different ripening stages. To investigate the roles of ChCCOs in carotenoids degradation, enzyme assays of the ChCCD1 and ChCCD4 were performed in Escerichia coli BL21(DE3) that can accumulate lycopene, β-carotene and zeaxanthin. The prokaryotic expressed ChCCD1 resulted in obvious degradation of lycopene, β-carotene and zeaxanthin, but ChCCD4 did not show similar functions. To further determine the cleaved volatile apocarotenoids of these two proteins, headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometer analysis was performed. Results showed that ChCCD1 could cleave lycopene at 5, 6 and 5', 6' positions to produce 6-methy-5-hepten-2-one and could catalyze β-carotene at 9, 10 and 9', 10' positions to generate β-ionone. Our study will be helpful for clarifying the roles of CCO genes especially ChCCD1 in regulating carotenoid degradation and apocarotenoid production in C. humilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhen Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Lu Yin
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Limin Gao
- Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of Qianyang County, Baoji 721199, China
| | - Rong Lu
- Rural Revitalization Bureau of Pu County, Linfen 041200, China
| | - Yan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xiaopeng Mu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Jiancheng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
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21
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Wei J, Yang Y, Peng Y, Wang S, Zhang J, Liu X, Liu J, Wen B, Li M. Biosynthesis and the Transcriptional Regulation of Terpenoids in Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086937. [PMID: 37108101 PMCID: PMC10138656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenes, especially volatile terpenes, are important components of tea aroma due to their unique scents. They are also widely used in the cosmetic and medical industries. In addition, terpene emission can be induced by herbivory, wounding, light, low temperature, and other stress conditions, leading to plant defense responses and plant-plant interactions. The transcriptional levels of important core genes (including HMGR, DXS, and TPS) involved in terpenoid biosynthesis are up- or downregulated by the MYB, MYC, NAC, ERF, WRKY, and bHLH transcription factors. These regulators can bind to corresponding cis-elements in the promoter regions of the corresponding genes, and some of them interact with other transcription factors to form a complex. Recently, several key terpene synthesis genes and important transcription factors involved in terpene biosynthesis have been isolated and functionally identified from tea plants. In this work, we focus on the research progress on the transcriptional regulation of terpenes in tea plants (Camellia sinensis) and thoroughly detail the biosynthesis of terpene compounds, the terpene biosynthesis-related genes, the transcription factors involved in terpene biosynthesis, and their importance. Furthermore, we review the potential strategies used in studying the specific transcriptional regulation functions of candidate transcription factors that have been discriminated to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchi Wei
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yun Yang
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ye Peng
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shaoying Wang
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Beibei Wen
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Meifeng Li
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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22
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Zeng L, Zeng L, Wang Y, Xie Z, Zhao M, Chen J, Ye X, Tie W, Li M, Shang S, Tian L, Zeng J, Hu W. Identification and expression of the CCO family during development, ripening and stress response in banana. Genetica 2023; 151:87-96. [PMID: 36652142 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-023-00178-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in plant growth, development and response to biotic / abiotic stressors. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the crucial genes associated with ABA synthesis. Currently, the carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (CCOs) family that function as the key step for ABA synthesis are not well understood in banana. In this study, 13 MaCCO genes and 12 MbCCO genes, divided into NCED subgroup and CCD subgroup, were identified from the banana genome, and their evolutionary relationship, protein motifs, and gene structures were also determined. Transcriptomic analysis suggested the involvement of CCO genes in banana development, ripening, and response to abiotic and biotic stressors, and homologous gene pairs showed homoeologue expression bias in the A or B subgenome. Our results identified MaNCED3A, MaCCD1, and MbNCED3B as the genes with the highest expression during fruit development and ripening. MaNCED5 / MbNCED5 and MaNCED9A might respond to abiotic stress, and MaNCED3A, 3B, 6 A, 9 A, and MbNCED9A showed transcriptional changes that could be a response to Foc4 infection. These findings may contribute to the characterization of key enzymes involved in ABA biosynthesis, as well as to identify potential targets for the genetic improvement of banana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Zeng
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, Hainan, China.,Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Liwang Zeng
- Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan, China
| | - Zhengnan Xie
- Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan, China
| | - Minhua Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern China, Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern China, Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxue Ye
- Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan, China
| | - Weiwei Tie
- Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan, China
| | - Meiying Li
- Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan, China
| | - Sang Shang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, Hainan, China.,School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Libo Tian
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, Hainan, China. .,Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
| | - Jian Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern China, Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan, China. .,Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan, China.
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23
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Doddrell NH, Lawson T, Raines CA, Wagstaff C, Simkin AJ. Feeding the world: impacts of elevated [CO 2] on nutrient content of greenhouse grown fruit crops and options for future yield gains. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad026. [PMID: 37090096 PMCID: PMC10116952 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Several long-term studies have provided strong support demonstrating that growing crops under elevated [CO2] can increase photosynthesis and result in an increase in yield, flavour and nutritional content (including but not limited to Vitamins C, E and pro-vitamin A). In the case of tomato, increases in yield by as much as 80% are observed when plants are cultivated at 1000 ppm [CO2], which is consistent with current commercial greenhouse production methods in the tomato fruit industry. These results provide a clear demonstration of the potential for elevating [CO2] for improving yield and quality in greenhouse crops. The major focus of this review is to bring together 50 years of observations evaluating the impact of elevated [CO2] on fruit yield and fruit nutritional quality. In the final section, we consider the need to engineer improvements to photosynthesis and nitrogen assimilation to allow plants to take greater advantage of elevated CO2 growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H Doddrell
- NIAB, New Road, East Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ UK
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 4SQ, UK
| | | | - Carol Wagstaff
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Andrew J Simkin
- NIAB, New Road, East Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ UK
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom CT2 7NJ, UK
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24
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Meng K, Eldar-Liebreich M, Nawade B, Yahyaa M, Shaltiel-Harpaz L, Coll M, Sadeh A, Ibdah M. Analysis of apocarotenoid volatiles from lettuce ( Lactuca sativa) induced by insect herbivores and characterization of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase gene. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:94. [PMID: 36845074 PMCID: PMC9943837 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant apocarotenoids have been shown to have a diverse biological role in herbivore-plant interactions. Despite their importance, little is known about herbivores' effect on apocarotenoid emissions in Lactuca sativa. In this study, we examined changes in apocarotenoid emissions in lettuce leaves after infestation by two insects, viz., Spodoptera littoralis larvae and Myzus persicae aphids. We found that β-ionone and β-cyclocitral showed higher concentrations than the other apocarotenoids, with a significant increase as per the intensity of infestation of both herbivore species. Furthermore, we performed functional characterization of Lactuca sativa carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 (LsCCD1) genes. Three LsCCD1 genes were overexpressed in E. coli strains, and recombinant proteins were assayed for cleavage activity on an array of carotenoid substrates. The LsCCD1 protein cleaved β-carotene at the 9,10 (9',10') positions producing β-ionone. The transcript analysis of LsCCD1 genes revealed differential expression patterns under varying levels of herbivores' infestation, but the results were inconsistent with the pattern of β-ionone concentrations. Our results suggest that LsCCD1 is involved in the production of β-ionone, but other regulatory factors might be involved in its induction in response to herbivory. These results provide new insights into apocarotenoid production in response to insect herbivory in lettuce. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03511-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Meng
- Plant Sciences Institute, Newe Yaar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Ramat Yishay, 30095 Israel
- Present Address: Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Michal Eldar-Liebreich
- Agroecology Lab, Department of Natural Resources, Newe Yaar Research Center, ARO, Ramat Yishay, 30095 Israel
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot , 7610001 Israel
| | - Bhagwat Nawade
- Plant Sciences Institute, Newe Yaar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Ramat Yishay, 30095 Israel
| | - Mosaab Yahyaa
- Plant Sciences Institute, Newe Yaar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Ramat Yishay, 30095 Israel
| | | | - Moshe Coll
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot , 7610001 Israel
| | - Asaf Sadeh
- Agroecology Lab, Department of Natural Resources, Newe Yaar Research Center, ARO, Ramat Yishay, 30095 Israel
| | - Mwafaq Ibdah
- Plant Sciences Institute, Newe Yaar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Ramat Yishay, 30095 Israel
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25
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Rieseberg TP, Dadras A, Fürst-Jansen JMR, Dhabalia Ashok A, Darienko T, de Vries S, Irisarri I, de Vries J. Crossroads in the evolution of plant specialized metabolism. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 134:37-58. [PMID: 35292191 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The monophyletic group of embryophytes (land plants) stands out among photosynthetic eukaryotes: they are the sole constituents of the macroscopic flora on land. In their entirety, embryophytes account for the majority of the biomass on land and constitute an astounding biodiversity. What allowed for the massive radiation of this particular lineage? One of the defining features of all land plants is the production of an array of specialized metabolites. The compounds that the specialized metabolic pathways of embryophytes produce have diverse functions, ranging from superabundant structural polymers and compounds that ward off abiotic and biotic challenges, to signaling molecules whose abundance is measured at the nanomolar scale. These specialized metabolites govern the growth, development, and physiology of land plants-including their response to the environment. Hence, specialized metabolites define the biology of land plants as we know it. And they were likely a foundation for their success. It is thus intriguing to find that the closest algal relatives of land plants, freshwater organisms from the grade of streptophyte algae, possess homologs for key enzymes of specialized metabolic pathways known from land plants. Indeed, some studies suggest that signature metabolites emerging from these pathways can be found in streptophyte algae. Here we synthesize the current understanding of which routes of the specialized metabolism of embryophytes can be traced to a time before plants had conquered land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim P Rieseberg
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Armin Dadras
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Janine M R Fürst-Jansen
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Amra Dhabalia Ashok
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tatyana Darienko
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sophie de Vries
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Iker Irisarri
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Goldschmidstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jan de Vries
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Goldschmidstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtsr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
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26
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Zheng M, Deng Y, Zhou Y, Liu R, Liu Y, Wang H, Zhu W, Zhou Z, Diao J. Multifaceted effects of difenoconazole in tomato fruit ripening: Physiology, flavour and nutritional quality. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:223-235. [PMID: 36434985 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Difenoconazole is widely used in crop growth, however, its effects on the quality of agricultural products are poorly studied. In this study, the application of difenoconazole on tomato plants could increase soluble sugar content, reduce organic acid and raise accumulation of nutrient-related metabolites during late fruit ripening. Consumer surveys in our study showed that the treatment of difenoconazole tomatoes group had higher sweetness and lower acidity, and those tomatoes were preferred by consumers. Alterations in fruit flavor-related attributes were at least in part corroborated by the abundance of transcripts related to sucrose (SlLin5, SlLin7, SlSuS2, SlSuS6, SlSPS1, SlSPS3) and organic acids (CS, ICDH, cMDH) anabolism. Furthermore, the difenoconazole also significantly promoted the expression of phytohormones synthesis genes, and consequently increased abscisic acid and ethylene levels. Our study not only provides theoretical support for the use of difenoconazole on tomatoes at the level of flavor quality and nutritional health, but also provides valuable information on the mechanism of triazole fungicides in the flavor quality of tomato fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yue Deng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yihui Zhou
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Li F, Gong X, Liang Y, Peng L, Han X, Wen M. Characteristics of a new carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase NtCCD10 derived from Nicotiana tabacum. PLANTA 2022; 256:100. [PMID: 36251100 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A new carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase NtCCD10 from tobacco was characterized. There is some difference between NtCCD10 and CCD1 in structure. NtCCD10 can cleave the C5-C6 (C5'-C6') and C9-C10 (C9'-C10') double bonds of carotenoids and has high catalytic activity. Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) cleave carotenoids to produce a variety of apocarotenoids, which have important biological functions for organisms in nature. There are eleven CCDs subfamilies in the plant kingdom, many of which have been extensively characterized in their functions. However, as a newly classified subfamily, the function of CCD10 has rarely been studied. In this work, the function of an NtCCD10 gene from dicotyledonous Nicotiana tabacum was cloned and characterized, and its phylogeny, molecular structural modeling and protein structure were also systematically analyzed. Like other CCDs, NtCCD10 also possesses a seven bladed β-propeller with Fe2+ cofactor in its center constituting the active site of the enzyme. The Fe2+ is also coordinated bonding with four conserved histidine residues. Meanwhile, NtCCD10 also has many unique features, such as its α1 and α3 helixes are not anti-parallel, a special β-sheet and a longer access tunnel for substrates. When expressed in engineered Escherichia coli (producing phytoene, lycopene, β-carotene, and zeaxanthin) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (producing β-carotene), NtCCD10 could symmetrically cleave phytoene and β-carotene at the C9-C10 and C9'-C10' positions to produce geranylacetone and β-ionone, respectively. In addition, NtCCD10 could also cleave the C5-C6 and C5'-C6' double bonds of lycopene to generate 6-methyl-5-heptene-2-one (MHO). NtCCD10 has higher catalytic activity than PhCCD1 in yeast, which provides a good candidate CCD for biosynthesis of β-ionone and has potential applications in biotechnological industry. This study identified the taxonomic position and catalytic activity of the first NtCCD10 in dicotyledonous plants. This will provide a reference for the discovery and functional identification of CCD10 enzymes in dicotyledons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- National Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaowei Gong
- National Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
- R & D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd, Kunming, 650231, Yunnan, China
| | - Yupeng Liang
- National Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Lijuan Peng
- Yunnan Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Station, Kunming, 650106, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiulin Han
- National Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China.
| | - Mengliang Wen
- National Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China.
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Yeh CW, Zhong HQ, Ho YF, Tian ZH, Yeh KW. The diurnal emission of floral scent in Oncidium hybrid orchid is controlled by CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) through the direct regulation on terpene synthase. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:472. [PMID: 36195835 PMCID: PMC9531428 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03850-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To adapt the periodic fluctuation of environmental factors, plants are subtle to monitor the natural variation for the growth and development. The daily activities and physiological functions in coordination with the natural variation are regulated by circadian clock genes. The circadian emission of floral scents is one of the rhythmic physiological activities controlled by circadian clock genes. Here, we study the molecular mechanism of circadian emission pattern of ocimene and linalool compounds in Oncidium Sharry Baby (Onc. SB) orchid. RESULTS GC-Mass analysis revealed that Onc. SB periodically emitted ocimene and linalool during 6 to 14 o'clock daily. Terpene synthase, one of the key gene in the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway is expressed in coordination with scent emission. The promoter structure of terpene synthase revealed a circadian binding sequence (CBS), 5'-AGATTTTT-3' for CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1) transcription factor. EMSA data confirms the binding affinity of CCA1. Transactivation assay further verified that TPS expression is regulated by CCA1. It suggests that the emission of floral scents is controlled by CCA1. CONCLUSIONS The work validates that the mechanism of circadian emission of floral scents in Onc. Sharry Baby is controlled by the oscillator gene, CCA1(CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1) under light condition. CCA1 transcription factor up-regulates terpene synthase (TPS) by binding on CBS motif, 5'-AGATTTTT-3' of promoter region to affect the circadian emission of floral scents in Onc. SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Wei Yeh
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No 1, Sect. 4, Roosevelt Road, 106, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Qin Zhong
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Characteristic Floriculture, Crop Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yung-Feng Ho
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No 1, Sect. 4, Roosevelt Road, 106, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hong Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Kai-Wun Yeh
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No 1, Sect. 4, Roosevelt Road, 106, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Center for Weather Climate and Disaster Research, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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Gong X, Li F, Liang Y, Han X, Wen M. Characteristics of NtCCD1-3 from tobacco, and protein engineering of the CCD1 to enhance β-ionone production in yeast. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1011297. [PMID: 36212872 PMCID: PMC9539813 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1011297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosynthesis of β-ionone by microbial cell factories has become a promising way to obtain natural β-ionone. The catalytic activity of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 (CCD1) in cleavage of β-carotene to β-ionone severely limits its biosynthesis. In this study, NtCCD1-3 from Nicotiana tabacum with high ability to cleave β-carotene was screened. Multiple strategies for improving the β-ionone yield in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were performed. The results showed that NtCCD1-3 could cleave a variety of caroteniods at the 9,10 (9′,10′) double bonds and lycopene at the 5,6 (5′,6′) positions. The insertion site delta for NtCCD1-3 gene was more suitable for enhancing the yield of β-ionone, showing 19.1-fold increase compared with the rox1 site. More importantly, mutant K38A of NtCCD1-3 in membrane-bonding domains could greatly promote β-ionone production by more than 3-fold. We also found that overexpression of the NADH kinase Pos5 could improve β-ionone yield up to 1.5 times. These results may provide valuable references for biosynthesis of β-ionone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Gong
- National Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- R&D Center, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Fan Li
- National Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yupeng Liang
- National Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiulin Han
- National Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Xiulin Han,
| | - Mengliang Wen
- National Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Mengliang Wen,
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Chen S, Lu Y, Wang W, Hu Y, Wang J, Tang S, Lin CSK, Yang X. Efficient production of the β-ionone aroma compound from organic waste hydrolysates using an engineered Yarrowia lipolytica strain. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:960558. [PMID: 36212878 PMCID: PMC9532697 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.960558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates the feasibility of establishing a natural compound supply chain in a biorefinery. The process starts with the biological or chemical hydrolysis of food and agricultural waste into simple and fermentative sugars, followed by their fermentation into more complex molecules. The yeast strain, Yarrowia lipolytica, was modified by introducing high membrane affinity variants of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase enzyme, PhCCD1, to increase the production of the aroma compound, β-ionone. The initial hydrolysis process converted food waste or sugarcane bagasse into nutrient-rich hydrolysates containing 78.4 g/L glucose and 8.3 g/L fructose, or 34.7 g/L glucose and 20.1 g/L xylose, respectively. During the next step, engineered Y. lipolytica strains were used to produce β-ionone from these feedstocks. The yeast strain YLBI3120, carrying a modified PhCCD1 gene was able to produce 4 g/L of β-ionone with a productivity of 13.9 mg/L/h from food waste hydrolysate. This is the highest yield reported for the fermentation of this compound to date. The integrated process described in this study could be scaled up to achieve economical large-scale conversion of inedible food and agricultural waste into valuable aroma compounds for a wide range of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanping Lu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Technology Research Center, Wuliangye Yibin Company Limited, Yibin, Sichuan, China
- Postdoctoral Research Workstation, Sichuan Yibin Wuliangye Group Company Limited, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunzi Hu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jufang Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shixing Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Carol Sze Ki Lin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Overexpression of Sweet Potato Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase 4 (IbCCD4) Decreased Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179963. [PMID: 36077355 PMCID: PMC9456075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt stress has a serious impact on normal plant growth and yield. Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) degrades carotenoids to produce apocarotenoids, which are involved in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. This study shows that the expression of sweet potato IbCCD4 was significantly induced by salt and dehydration stress. The heterologous expression of IbCCD4 in Arabidopsis was induced to confirm its salt tolerance. Under 200 mM NaCl treatment, compared to wild-type plants, the rosette leaves of IbCCD4-overexpressing Arabidopsis showed increased anthocyanins and carotenoid contents, an increased expression of most genes in the carotenoid metabolic pathway, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. IbCCD4-overexpressing lines also showed a decreased expression of resistance-related genes and a lower activity of three antioxidant enzymes: peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). These results indicate that IbCCD4 reduced salt tolerance in Arabidopsis, which contributes to the understanding of the role of IbCCD4 in salt stress.
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Xue J, Guo G, Liu P, Chen L, Wang W, Zhang J, Yin J, Ni D, Engelhardt UH, Jiang H. Identification of aroma-active compounds responsible for the floral and sweet odors of Congou black teas using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry, odor activity value, and chemometrics. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5399-5410. [PMID: 35332546 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Floral and sweet odors are two typical characteristic aromas of Congou black tea, but their aroma-active compounds are still unclear. Characterizing the key aroma-active compounds can provide a theoretical foundation for the practical aroma quality evaluation of Congou black tea and directional processing technology of high-quality black tea with floral or sweet odors. Gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) combined with odor activity value (OAV) is often used to screen key aroma-active substances, but the interaction between aroma components and their impact on the overall sensory quality is ignored. Therefore, in this study, OAV combined with variable importance in projection (VIP) and Spearman correlation analysis (SCA) were used to characterize the aroma-active components of Congou black teas with floral and sweet odors. RESULTS Eighty-five volatiles were identified in these samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Twenty-three compounds were identified as potential markers for the floral and sweet odors of Congou black teas from orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Eighteen compounds were selected as candidate aroma compounds based on GC-O analysis and OAV calculations. In addition, 26 compounds were screened as crucial aroma compounds based on SCA. Finally, 19 compounds were evaluated as key aroma compounds by the comprehensive evaluation of VIP, OAV, and SCA. Terpenoids are the main active compounds that contribute to the floral odor of Congou black tea, whereas aldehydes are the key compounds for the sweet odor. CONCLUSION The proposed method can effectively screen the aroma-active compounds and can be used for comprehensive quality control of products. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Xue
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang, China
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiyi Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Comprehensive utilization in South Henan, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Panpan Liu
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junfeng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dejiang Ni
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ulrich H Engelhardt
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Heyuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang, China
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Zhou W, Wang Y, Wang J, Peng C, Wang Z, Qin H, Li G, Li D. β-Ionone causes endocrine disruption, hyperpigmentation and hypoactivity in zebrafish early life stages. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155433. [PMID: 35461947 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In nature, the odorous substance β-ionone has been widely detected in aquatic ecosystems. However, little is known about its ecotoxicological effects on freshwater vertebrates. In this study, we aimed to assess the acute toxicity of β-ionone in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos from 2 to 120 h post fertilization (hpf) and investigate embryo development, locomotor behavior and pigmentation under different concentrations. The results showed that exposure to β-ionone had an acute toxicity to early life stages of zebrafish and induced a decrease in hatching rate and an increase in the mortality and malformation rate. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of β-ionone at 96 h was observed as 1321 μg/L. In addition, β-ionone not only affected the body length of zebrafish larvae but also regulated the transcription of genes and the levels of hormones involved in the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axes. Moreover, exposure to β-ionone induced significant decreases in locomotor activity and catecholamine neurotransmitters levels. Furthermore, β-ionone stimulated pigmentation via regulation of tyrosinase activity and melanin-related gene expression. Overall, this research could provide new insights into the potential risk of odorants to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, PR China
| | - Yuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jinglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chengrong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Zhicong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Hongjie Qin
- Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Lab of Comprehensive Innovative Utilization of Ornamental Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Genbao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Dunhai Li
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
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Dong Y, Li J, Zhang W, Bai H, Li H, Shi L. Exogenous application of methyl jasmonate affects the emissions of volatile compounds in lavender (Lavandula angustifolia). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 185:25-34. [PMID: 35649290 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), is an orthodox elicitor of secondary metabolites, including terpenoids. Lavandula angustifolia is an important aromatic plant generating, yet few studies have been performed to evaluate the function of MeJA on the biosynthesis of terpenoids in lavender. Five treatments (with concentrations of 0, 0.4, 4, 8, and 16 mM) were set, and the physiological indicators of each group were determined after 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. The results illustrate that (1) MeJA could affect the diurnal rhythm of the emission of volatiles and MeJA acted in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner; (2) 8 mM MeJA treatment increased the total content of the volatiles, and the contents of monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids were up-regulated 0.46- and 0.74- fold than the control at 24 h and 12 h, respectively; (3) after MeJA treatment, all the genes expression analyzed changed to varying degrees, of which 3-carene synthase (La3CARS) gene changed most significantly (7.66- to 38.02- fold than the control); (4) MeJA application was associated with a rise in glandular trichome density. The positive effects of MeJA indicate that the exogenous application of MeJA could be a beneficial mean for studies on the biosynthesis of terpenoids in lavender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingrui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongtong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Cloning and Prokaryotic Expression of Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenases from Mulberry (Morus notabilis). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4811144. [PMID: 35966753 PMCID: PMC9371844 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4811144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) is the key enzyme for carotenoid cleavage, and the products of carotenoid cleavage regulate the ability of plants to stress. In this paper, six CCD genes were obtained from Morus notabilis (Mn) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and we classified them into three subgroups based on gene structures and phylogenetic analysis. The CDS (coding sequence) regions of the six MnCCD genes were 1617, 1620, 1635, 1713, 1746, and 1791 bp in full length, encoding 538, 539, 544, 570, 581, and 596 amino acids, respectively. Then, Pcold–TF-MnCCD plasmids were constructed and independently transferred into E. coli BL21 (DE3), and the MnCCD proteins were successfully expressed by prokaryotic expression with an expected molecular weight of recombinant proteins (∼120 kDa) and high solubility. These results will lay a foundation for the identification of mulberry carotenoid products.
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Wang Y, Xu J, Liu A. Identification of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase genes and functional analysis reveal DoCCD1 is potentially involved in beta-ionone formation in Dendrobium officinale. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:967819. [PMID: 35991395 PMCID: PMC9387305 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.967819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The carotenoids are the most widely distributed secondary metabolites in plants and can be degraded by carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) to form apocarotenoids including an important C13 compound beta-ionone. Volatile beta-ionone can confer the violet and woody fragrance to plant essential oils, flowers, fruits, and vegetables, which therefore has been used in various industries. Dendrobium officinale is a traditional medicinal plant. However, there was limited information on the key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of beta-ionone in D. officinale. In the present study, beta-ionone was detected in stems and leaves of D. officinale and genome-wide identification and expression profiles of CCD genes were subsequently carried out. There were nine DoCCD members in D. officinale. According to the phylogenetic relationship, DoCCD proteins were classified into six subfamilies including CCD1, CCD4, CCD7, CCD8, nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) and zaxinone synthase (ZAS). DoCCD genes showed distinctive expression profiles and DoCCD1 gene was abundantly expressed in eight tissues. Induced expression of DoCCD1 gene resulted in discoloration of Escerichia coli strains that can accumulate carotenoids. Analysis of Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer showed that DoCCD1 enzyme can cleave lycopene to produce 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and pseudoionone and also catalyze beta-carotene to form beta-ionone. Expression of DoCCD1 gene in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf resulted in production of abundant beta-ionone. Overall, the present study first provides valuable information on the CCD gene family in D. officinale, function of DoCCD1 gene as well as production of beta-ionone through genetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Bio-Innovation Center of DR PLANT, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jianchu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
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He L, Cheng L, Wang J, Liu J, Cheng J, Yang Z, Cao R, Han Y, Li H, Zhang B. Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase 1 Catalyzes Lutein Degradation To Influence Carotenoid Accumulation and Color Development in Foxtail Millet Grains. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9283-9294. [PMID: 35876162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Foxtail millet is a minor but economically important crop in certain regions of the world. Millet color is often used to judge grain quality, yet the molecular determinants of millet coloration remain unclear. Here, we explored the relationship between SiCCD1 and millet coloration in yellow and white millet varieties. Carotenoid levels declined with grain maturation and were negatively correlated with SiCCD1 expression, which was significantly higher in white millet as compared to yellow millet during the color development stage. Cloning of the SiCCD1 promoter and CDS sequences from these different millet varieties revealed the presence of two additional cis-regulatory elements within the SiCCD1 promoter in white millet varieties, including an enhancer-like GC motif element associated with anoxic specific inducibility and a GCN4-motif element associated with endosperm expression. Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that SiCCD1 promoter fragments containing these additional cis-acting elements derived from white millet varieties were significantly more active than those from yellow millet varieties, consistent with the observed SiCCD1 expression patterns. Further in vitro enzyme detection assays confirmed that SiCCD1 primarily targets and degrades lutein. Together, these data suggest that SiCCD1 promoter variation was a key factor associated with the observed differences in SiCCD1 expression, which in turn led to the difference in millet coloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu He
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
- Maize Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Xinzhou 034000, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Jinjin Cheng
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Zhirong Yang
- Department of Foundation, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Shanxi Biological Research Institute Co., Ltd, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Yuanhuai Han
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
- Institute of Agricultural Bioengineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Hongying Li
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
- Institute of Agricultural Bioengineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
- Institute of Agricultural Bioengineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
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Liu H, Cao X, Azam M, Wang C, Liu C, Qiao Y, Zhang B. Metabolism of Carotenoids and β-Ionone Are Mediated by Carotenogenic Genes and PpCCD4 Under Ultraviolet B Irradiation and During Fruit Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:814677. [PMID: 35646008 PMCID: PMC9136946 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.814677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are essential pigments widely distributed in tissues and organs of higher plants, contributing to color, photosynthesis, photoprotection, nutrition, and flavor in plants. White- or yellow-fleshed colors in peach were determined by expression of carotenoids cleavage dioxygenase (PpCCD) genes, catalyzing the degradation of carotenoids. The cracked volatile apocarotenoids are the main contributors to peach aroma and flavor with low sensory threshold concentration. However, the detailed regulatory roles of carotenoids metabolism genes remained unclear under UV-B irradiation. In our study, metabolic balance between carotenoids and apocarotenoids was regulated by the expression of phytoene synthase (PSY), β-cyclase (LCY-B), ε-cyclase (LCY-E), and PpCCD4 under UV-B irradiation. The transcript levels of PpPSY, PpLCY-B, PpLCY-E, and PpCHY-B were elevated 2- to 10-fold compared with control, corresponding to a nearly 30% increase of carotenoids content after 6 h UV-B irradiation. Interestingly, the total carotenoids content decreased by nearly 60% after 48 h of storage, while UV-B delayed the decline of lutein and β-carotene. The transcript level of PpLCY-E increased 17.83-fold compared to control, partially slowing the decline rate of lutein under UV-B irradiation. In addition, the transcript level of PpCCD4 decreased to 30% of control after 48 h UV-B irradiation, in accordance with the dramatic reduction of apocarotenoid volatiles and the delayed decrease of β-carotene. Besides, β-ionone content was elevated by ethylene treatment, and accumulation dramatically accelerated at full ripeness. Taken together, UV-B radiation mediated the metabolic balance of carotenoid biosynthesis and catabolism by controlling the transcript levels of PpPSY, PpLCY-B, PpLCY-E, and PpCCD4 in peach, and the transcript level of PpCCD4 showed a positive relationship with the accumulation of β-ionone during the ripening process. However, the detailed catalytic activity of PpCCD4 with various carotenoid substrates needs to be studied further, and the key transcript factors involved in the regulation of metabolism between carotenoids and apocarotenoids need to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Liu
- Crop Breeding & Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Research Center for Agricultural Products Preservation and Processing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangmei Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Azam
- Pomology Laboratory, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Crop Breeding & Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Research Center for Agricultural Products Preservation and Processing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxia Liu
- Crop Breeding & Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Research Center for Agricultural Products Preservation and Processing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjin Qiao
- Crop Breeding & Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Research Center for Agricultural Products Preservation and Processing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Simkin AJ, Kapoor L, Doss CGP, Hofmann TA, Lawson T, Ramamoorthy S. The role of photosynthesis related pigments in light harvesting, photoprotection and enhancement of photosynthetic yield in planta. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 152:23-42. [PMID: 35064531 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic pigments are an integral and vital part of all photosynthetic machinery and are present in different types and abundances throughout the photosynthetic apparatus. Chlorophyll, carotenoids and phycobilins are the prime photosynthetic pigments which facilitate efficient light absorption in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. The chlorophyll family plays a vital role in light harvesting by absorbing light at different wavelengths and allowing photosynthetic organisms to adapt to different environments, either in the long-term or during transient changes in light. Carotenoids play diverse roles in photosynthesis, including light capture and as crucial antioxidants to reduce photodamage and photoinhibition. In the marine habitat, phycobilins capture a wide spectrum of light and have allowed cyanobacteria and red algae to colonise deep waters where other frequencies of light are attenuated by the water column. In this review, we discuss the potential strategies that photosynthetic pigments provide, coupled with development of molecular biological techniques, to improve crop yields through enhanced light harvesting, increased photoprotection and improved photosynthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Simkin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Leepica Kapoor
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C George Priya Doss
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tanja A Hofmann
- OSFC, Scrivener Drive, Pinewood, Ipswich, IP8 3SU, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Siva Ramamoorthy
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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One-pot synthesis of dihydro-β-ionone from carotenoids using carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase and enoate reductase. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:891-900. [PMID: 35244776 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Dihydro-β-ionone is a characteristic aroma compound of Osmanthus fragrans and is widely applied in the flavor & fragrance industry. However, the main focus is on chemical synthesis due to the metabolic pathways of dihydro-β-ionone is still unclear. Here, we explored the one-pot synthesis system for dihydro-β-ionone production using carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) and enoate reductase. After screening the CCD enzyme, PhCCD1 from the Petunia hybrid was identified as the suitable enzyme for the first step of dihydro-β-ionone synthesis due to the high enzyme activity for carotenoid. The PhCCD1 was expressed in Escherichia coli and further characterized. The optimal activity of PhCCD1 was observed at pH 6.8 and 45 °C. The enzyme was stable over the pH range of 6.0-8.0 and had good thermal stability below 40 °C. Then, we optimized the coupled reaction conditions for dihydro-β-ionone production by PhCCD1 and enoate reductase AaDBR1 from Artemisia annua. Furthermore, we introduced the NADPH regeneration system with a 1.5-fold enhancement for dihydro-β-ionone production. Collectively, approximately 13.34 mg/L dihydro-β-ionone was obtained by the one-pot biosystem with a corresponding molar conversion of 85.8%. For the first time, we successfully designed and constructed a new synthesis pathway for dihydro-β-ionone production in vitro. The coupled catalysis reported herein illustrates the feasibility of producing dihydro-β-ionone from carotenoids and guides further engineering in the food industry.
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Secretory Products in Petals of Centaurea cyanus L. Flowers: A Histochemistry, Ultrastructure, and Phytochemical Study of Volatile Compounds. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041371. [PMID: 35209163 PMCID: PMC8877098 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Centaurea cyanus L. is a medicinal plant whose flowers are widely used in herbal medicine. The aim of the study was to localise flower tissues that are responsible for the production of secretory products in petals and to analyse the volatile compounds. The volatile compounds of the flowers of this species have not been investigated to date. (2) Methods: Light, fluorescence, scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques were used in the study. Lipophilic compounds were localised in the tissues using histochemical assays. Volatile compounds were determined with the use of solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). (3) Results: The study showed production of secretion in the petal parenchyma, whose ultrastructure has features of a secretory tissue. The lipophilic secretion was localised in the cells and intercellular spaces of the parenchyma and in the walls and surface of epidermal cells, where it accumulated after release through cuticle microchannels. Sesquiterpenes were found to constitute the main group of volatile compounds, with the highest content of β-caryophyllene (26.17%) and α-humulene (9.77%). (4) Conclusions: Given the presence of some volatile components that are often found in resins (caryophyllene, delta-cadinene) and the abundant secretion residues on the epidermal surface, we suppose that the C. cyanus secretion released by the flowers is a resinaceous mixture (oleoresin), which is frequently found in plants, as shown by literature data. This secretion may play an important role in the therapeutic effects of C. cyanus flowers.
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A flavin-dependent monooxygenase produces nitrogenous tomato aroma volatiles using cysteine as a nitrogen source. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2118676119. [PMID: 35131946 PMCID: PMC8851548 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118676119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aroma is an important factor in consumer perception and acceptance of fresh tomatoes and involves a cocktail of several dozen compounds. Tomato fruits produce uncommon nitrogen-containing volatiles derived mainly from the amino acids leucine and phenylalanine. These volatiles have strong positive correlations with consumer liking. We show that an enzyme active in ripening tomatoes is responsible for the production of all nitrogenous volatiles in tomato fruit, at the expense of substrates derived from cysteine and volatile aldehydes. This discovery defines a cysteine-dependent route to nitrogenous volatiles in plants, prompting a reconsideration of the impact of sulfur metabolism on tomato flavor and quality. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) produces a wide range of volatile chemicals during fruit ripening, generating a distinct aroma and contributing to the overall flavor. Among these volatiles are several aromatic and aliphatic nitrogen-containing compounds for which the biosynthetic pathways are not known. While nitrogenous volatiles are abundant in tomato fruit, their content in fruits of the closely related species of the tomato clade is highly variable. For example, the green-fruited species Solanum pennellii are nearly devoid, while the red-fruited species S. lycopersicum and Solanum pimpinellifolium accumulate high amounts. Using an introgression population derived from S. pennellii, we identified a locus essential for the production of all the detectable nitrogenous volatiles in tomato fruit. Silencing of the underlying gene (SlTNH1;Solyc12g013690) in transgenic plants abolished production of aliphatic and aromatic nitrogenous volatiles in ripe fruit, and metabolomic analysis of these fruit revealed the accumulation of 2-isobutyl-tetrahydrothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, a known conjugate of cysteine and 3-methylbutanal. Biosynthetic incorporation of stable isotope-labeled precursors into 2-isobutylthiazole and 2-phenylacetonitrile confirmed that cysteine provides the nitrogen atom for all nitrogenous volatiles in tomato fruit. Nicotiana benthamiana plants expressing SlTNH1 readily transformed synthetic 2-substituted tetrahydrothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid substrates into a mixture of the corresponding 2-substituted oxime, nitro, and nitrile volatiles. Distinct from other known flavin-dependent monooxygenase enzymes in plants, this tetrahydrothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid N-hydroxylase catalyzes sequential hydroxylations. Elucidation of this pathway is a major step forward in understanding and ultimately improving tomato flavor quality.
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Us-Camas R, Aguilar-Espinosa M, Rodríguez-Campos J, Vallejo-Cardona AA, Carballo-Uicab VM, Serrano-Posada H, Rivera-Madrid R. Identifying Bixa orellana L. New Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenases 1 and 4 Potentially Involved in Bixin Biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:829089. [PMID: 35222486 PMCID: PMC8874276 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.829089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Carotene cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) are a large family of Fe2+ dependent enzymes responsible for the production of a wide variety of apocarotenoids, such as bixin. Among the natural apocarotenoids, bixin is second in economic importance. It has a red-orange color and is produced mainly in the seeds of B. orellana. The biosynthesis of bixin aldehyde from the oxidative cleavage of lycopene at 5,6/5',6' bonds by a CCD is considered the first step of bixin biosynthesis. Eight BoCCD (BoCCD1-1, BoCCD1-3, BoCCD1-4, CCD4-1, BoCCD4-2, BoCCD4-3 and BoCCD4-4) genes potentially involved in the first step of B. orellana bixin biosynthesis have been identified. However, the cleavage activity upon lycopene to produce bixin aldehyde has only been demonstrated for BoCCD1-1 and BoCCD4-3. Using in vivo (Escherichia coli) and in vitro approaches, we determined that the other identified BoCCDs enzymes (BoCCD1-3, BoCCD1-4, BoCCD4-1, BoCCD4-2, and BoCCD4-4) also participate in the biosynthesis of bixin aldehyde from lycopene. The LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis showed a peak corresponding to bixin aldehyde (m/z 349.1) in pACCRT-EIB E. coli cells that express the BoCCD1 and BoCCD4 proteins, which was confirmed by in vitro enzymatic assay. Interestingly, in the in vivo assay of BoCCD1-4, BoCCD4-1, BoCCD4-2, and BoCCD4-4, bixin aldehyde was oxidized to norbixin (m/z 380.2), the second product of the bixin biosynthesis pathway. In silico analysis also showed that BoCCD1 and BoCCD4 proteins encode functional dioxygenases that can use lycopene as substrate. The production of bixin aldehyde and norbixin was corroborated based on their ion fragmentation pattern, as well as by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. This work made it possible to clarify at the same time the first and second steps of the bixin biosynthesis pathway that had not been evaluated for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Us-Camas
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Mérida, Mexico
| | - Margarita Aguilar-Espinosa
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Mérida, Mexico
| | - Jacobo Rodríguez-Campos
- Unidad de Servicios Analíticos y Metrológicos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Alba Adriana Vallejo-Cardona
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, CONACYT, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Víctor Manuel Carballo-Uicab
- CONACYT, Laboratorio de Biología Sintética, Estructural y Molecular, Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Colima, Mexico
| | - Hugo Serrano-Posada
- CONACYT, Laboratorio de Biología Sintética, Estructural y Molecular, Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Colima, Mexico
| | - Renata Rivera-Madrid
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Mérida, Mexico
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Genome-Wide Identification of CCD Gene Family in Six Cucurbitaceae Species and Its Expression Profiles in Melon. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020262. [PMID: 35205307 PMCID: PMC8872574 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) gene family in plants comprises two subfamilies: CCD and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED). Genes in the NCED subfamily are mainly involved in plant responses to abiotic stresses such as salt, low temperature, and drought. Members of the NCED subfamily are the most important rate-limiting enzymes in the biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA). In the present study, genome-wide analysis was performed to identify CCD gene members in six Cucurbitaceae species, including watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), melon (Cucumis melo), cucumber (C.sativus), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), and wax gourd (Benincasa hispida). A total of 10, 9, 9, 13, 8, 8 CCD genes were identified in the six species, respectively, and these genes were unevenly distributed in different chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CCD genes of the six species clustered into two subfamilies: CCD and NCED, with five and three independent clades, respectively. The number of exons ranged from 1 to 15, and the number of motifs were set to 15 at most. The cis-acting elements analysis showed that a lot of the cis-acting elements were implicated in stress and hormone response. Melon seedlings were treated with salt, low temperature, drought, and ABA, and then tissue-specific analysis of CCDs expression were performed on the root, stem, upper leaf, middle leaf, female flower, male flower, and tendril of melon. The results showed that genes in CCD family exhibited various expression patterns. Different CCD genes of melon showed different degrees of response to abiotic stress. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of CCD gene family in six species of Cucurbitaceae, providing a strong foundation for future studies on specific genes in this family.
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Comprehensive Analysis of Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenases Gene Family and Its Expression in Response to Abiotic Stress in Poplar. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031418. [PMID: 35163346 PMCID: PMC8836127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) catalyzes the cleavage of various carotenoids into smaller apocarotenoids which are essential for plant growth and development and response to abiotic stresses. CCD family is divided into two subfamilies: 9-cis epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases (NCED) family and CCD family. A better knowledge of carotenoid biosynthesis and degradation could be useful for regulating carotenoid contents. Here, 23 CCD genes were identified from the Populus trichocarpa genome, and their characterizations and expression profiling were validated. The PtCCD members were divided into PtCCD and PtNCED subfamilies. The PtCCD family contained the PtCCD1, 4, 7, and 8 classes. The PtCCDs clustered in the same clade shared similar intron/exon structures and motif compositions and distributions. In addition, the tandem and segmental duplications resulted in the PtCCD gene expansion based on the collinearity analysis. An additional integrated collinearity analysis among poplar, Arabidopsis, rice, and willow revealed the gene pairs between poplar and willow more than that between poplar and rice. Identifying tissue-special expression patterns indicated that PtCCD genes display different expression patterns in leaves, stems, and roots. Abscisic acid (ABA) treatment and abiotic stress suggested that many PtCCD genes are responsive to osmotic stress regarding the comprehensive regulation networks. The genome-wide identification of PtCCD genes may provide the foundation for further exploring the putative regulation mechanism on osmotic stress and benefit poplar molecular breeding.
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Yao Y, Jia L, Cheng Y, Ruan M, Ye Q, Wang R, Yao Z, Zhou G, Liu J, Yu J, Zhang P, Yin Y, Diao W, Wan H. Evolutionary Origin of the Carotenoid Cleavage Oxygenase Family in Plants and Expression of Pepper Genes in Response to Abiotic Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:792832. [PMID: 35126418 PMCID: PMC8814583 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.792832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant carotenoid cleavage oxygenase (CCO) is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of carotenoids and participates in many important physiological functions. The plant CCOs exist in two forms, namely carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) and nine-cis epoxide carotenoid dioxygenase (NCED). Although studies have shown that this gene family has been identified in many species, such as Arabidopsis, grape, and tomato, the evolutionary origin of the CCO family and the expression pattern of pepper genes in response to H2O2 and other abiotic stresses are still unclear. In this study, we used the bioinformatics method to identify and analyze the members of the CCO gene family from pepper and other 13 plants from lower to higher plant species based on the whole genome sequence. A total of 158 CCO genes were identified in different plant species and further divided into two groups (e.g., groups I and II). The former was subdivided into CCD7 and CCD8 and have independent evolutionary origins, respectively, while the latter was subdivided into CCD1, CCD4, CCD-like, and NCED, which may have come from a common ancestor. In addition, the results of RNA-seq showed that the expression patterns of pepper CaCCO genes were different in the tissues tested, and only few genes were expressed at high levels such as CaCCD1a, CaCCD4a, CaNCED3, and CaCCD1b. For hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and other abiotic stresses, such as plant hormones, heat, cold, drought, and NaCl treatments, induction of about half of the CaCCO genes was observed. Moreover, the expression patterns of CaCCOs were further investigated under heat, cold, drought, and NaCl treatments using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and most members were responsive to these stresses, especially some CaCCOs with significant expression changes were identified, such as CaCCD4c, CaCCD-like1, CaCCD8, and CaCCD1b, suggesting the important roles of CaCCOs in abiotic stress responses. All these results will provide a valuable analytical basis for understanding the evolution and functions of the CCO family in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiu Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Jia
- Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiying Ruan
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingjing Ye
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongqing Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuping Yao
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guozhi Zhou
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Wulanchabu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Wulanchabu, China
| | - Jiahong Yu
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Wulanchabu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Wulanchabu, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Wulanchabu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Wulanchabu, China
| | - Yuhe Yin
- Wulanchabu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Wulanchabu, China
| | - Weiping Diao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Kapoor L, Simkin AJ, George Priya Doss C, Siva R. Fruit ripening: dynamics and integrated analysis of carotenoids and anthocyanins. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:27. [PMID: 35016620 PMCID: PMC8750800 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03411-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruits are vital food resources as they are loaded with bioactive compounds varying with different stages of ripening. As the fruit ripens, a dynamic color change is observed from green to yellow to red due to the biosynthesis of pigments like chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanins. Apart from making the fruit attractive and being a visual indicator of the ripening status, pigments add value to a ripened fruit by making them a source of nutraceuticals and industrial products. As the fruit matures, it undergoes biochemical changes which alter the pigment composition of fruits. RESULTS The synthesis, degradation and retention pathways of fruit pigments are mediated by hormonal, genetic, and environmental factors. Manipulation of the underlying regulatory mechanisms during fruit ripening suggests ways to enhance the desired pigments in fruits by biotechnological interventions. Here we report, in-depth insight into the dynamics of a pigment change in ripening and the regulatory mechanisms in action. CONCLUSIONS This review emphasizes the role of pigments as an asset to a ripened fruit as they augment the nutritive value, antioxidant levels and the net carbon gain of fruits; pigments are a source for fruit biofortification have tremendous industrial value along with being a tool to predict the harvest. This report will be of great utility to the harvesters, traders, consumers, and natural product divisions to extract the leading nutraceutical and industrial potential of preferred pigments biosynthesized at different fruit ripening stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leepica Kapoor
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Andrew J Simkin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, United Kingdom, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - C George Priya Doss
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Ramamoorthy Siva
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Leroux J, Truong TT, Pogson BJ, McQuinn RP. Detection and analysis of novel and known plant volatile apocarotenoids. Methods Enzymol 2022; 670:311-368. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Zheng X, Yang Y, Al-Babili S. Exploring the Diversity and Regulation of Apocarotenoid Metabolic Pathways in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:787049. [PMID: 34956282 PMCID: PMC8702529 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.787049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In plants, carotenoids are subjected to enzyme-catalyzed oxidative cleavage reactions as well as to non-enzymatic degradation processes, which produce various carbonyl products called apocarotenoids. These conversions control carotenoid content in different tissues and give rise to apocarotenoid hormones and signaling molecules, which play important roles in plant growth and development, response to environmental stimuli, and in interactions with surrounding organisms. In addition, carotenoid cleavage gives rise to apocarotenoid pigments and volatiles that contribute to the color and flavor of many flowers and several fruits. Some apocarotenoid pigments, such as crocins and bixin, are widely utilized as colorants and additives in food and cosmetic industry and also have health-promoting properties. Considering the importance of this class of metabolites, investigation of apocarotenoid diversity and regulation has increasingly attracted the attention of plant biologists. Here, we provide an update on the plant apocarotenoid biosynthetic pathway, especially highlighting the diversity of the enzyme carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 (CCD4) from different plant species with respect to substrate specificity and regioselectivity, which contribute to the formation of diverse apocarotenoid volatiles and pigments. In addition, we summarize the regulation of apocarotenoid metabolic pathway at transcriptional, post-translational, and epigenetic levels. Finally, we describe inter- and intraspecies variation in apocarotenoid production observed in many important horticulture crops and depict recent progress in elucidating the genetic basis of the natural variation in the composition and amount of apocarotenoids. We propose that the illustration of biochemical, genetic, and evolutionary background of apocarotenoid diversity would not only accelerate the discovery of unknown biosynthetic and regulatory genes of bioactive apocarotenoids but also enable the identification of genetic variation of causal genes for marker-assisted improvement of aroma and color of fruits and vegetables and CRISPR-based next-generation metabolic engineering of high-value apocarotenoids.
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50
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Qi Z, Tong X, Bu S, Pei J, Zhao L. Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase 1 from Helianthus annuus. Chem Biodivers 2021; 19:e202100694. [PMID: 34780126 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural β-ionone, a high-value flavoring agent, has been widely applied in the food, cosmetics, and perfume industry. However, attempts to overproduce β-ionone in microorganisms have been limited by the efficiency of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs), which catalyzes β-carotene in the biosynthesis pathway. In order to obtain CCD genes responsible for the specific cleavage of carotenoids generating β-ionone, a novel carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 from Helianthus annuus was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The recombinant CCD was able to cleave a variety of carotenoids at the 9, 10 (9', 10') sites to produce C13 products in vitro, including β-ionone, pseudoionone, 3-hydroxy-4-oxo-β-ionone, 3-hydroxy-β-ionone, and 3-hydroxy-α-ionone, which vary depending on the carotenoid substrates. In comparison with lycopene and zeaxanthin, HaCCD1 also showed the high specificity for β-carotene to cleave the 9, 10 (9', 10') double bond to produce β-ionone in E. coli accumulating carotenoids. Finally, the expression of HaCCD1 in E. coli was optimized, and biochemical characterizations were further clarified. The optimal activity of HaCCD1 was at pH 8.8 and 50 °C. The Vmax for β-apo-8'-carotenal was 10.14 U/mg, while the Km was 0.32 mM. Collectively, our study provides a valuable enzyme for the synthesis of natural β-ionone by biotransformation and synthetic biology platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Qi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China.,College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Tong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Su Bu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Pei
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Linguo Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China.,College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
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