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Ramírez C, Cardozo M, López Gastón M, Galdeano E, Collavino M. Plant growth promoting activities of endophytic bacteria from Melia azedarach (Meliaceae) and their influence on plant growth under gnotobiotic conditions. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35814. [PMID: 39170558 PMCID: PMC11337034 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria that live asymptomatically within plant tissues are known as endophytes. Because of the close relation with the plant host, they have been a matter of interest for application as plant growth promoters. Melia azedarach is a widely distributed medicinal tree with proven insecticidal, antimicrobial, and antiviral activity. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize endophytic bacteria from M. azedarach and analyze their plant growth promoting activities for the potential application as biological products. Bacteria were isolated from roots and leaves of trees growing in two locations of Northeastern Argentina. The isolates were characterized by repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence PCR and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The plant growth-promoting activities were assayed in vitro, improvement of plant growth of selected isolates was tested on M. azedarach plantlets, and the effect of selected ACC deaminase producing isolates was tested on tomato seedlings under salt-stress conditions. The highest endophytic bacterial abundance and diversity were obtained from the roots. All isolates had at least one of the assayed plant growth-promoting activities and 80 % of them had antagonistic activity. The most efficient bacteria were Pseudomonas monteilii, Pseudomonas farsensis, Burkholderia sp. and Cupriavidus sp. for phosphate solubilization (2064 μg P ml-1), IAA production (94.7 μg ml-1), siderophore production index (5.5) and ACC deaminase activity (1294 nmol α-ketobutyrate mg-1 h-1). M. azedarach inoculation assays revealed the bacterial growth promotion potential, with Pseudomonas monteilii, Pseudomonas farsensis and Cupriavidus sp. standing out for their effect on leaf area, leaf dry weight, specific leaf area, and total Chl, Mg and N content, with increases of up to 149 %, 58 %, 65 %, 178 %, 76 % and 97.7 %, respectively, compared to NI plants. Efficient ACC deaminase-producing isolates increased stress tolerance of tomato plants under saline condition. Overall, these findings indicate the potential of the endophytic isolates as biostimulant and biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Ramírez
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste-CONICET, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - M. Cardozo
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste-CONICET, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - M. López Gastón
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste-CONICET, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - E. Galdeano
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste-CONICET, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - M.M. Collavino
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste-CONICET, Corrientes, Argentina
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Fresno DH, Solé‐Corbatón H, Munné‐Bosch S. Water stress protection by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizoglomus irregulare involves physiological and hormonal responses in an organ-specific manner. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13854. [PMID: 36651309 PMCID: PMC10108154 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may alleviate water stress in plants. Although several protection mechanisms have already been described, little information is available on how these fungi influence the hormonal response to water stress at an organ-specific level. In this study, we evaluated the physiological and hormonal responses to water stress in above and below-ground tissues of the legume grass Trifolium repens colonized by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizoglomus irregulare. Plants were subjected to progressive water stress and recovery. Different leaf and root physiological parameters, as well as phytohormone levels, were quantified. Water-stressed mycorrhizal plants showed an improved water status and no photoinhibition compared to uncolonized individuals, while some stress markers like α-tocopherol and malondialdehyde content, an indicator of the extent of lipid peroxidation, transiently increased in roots, but not in leaves. Water stress protection exerted by mycorrhiza appeared to be related to a differential root-to-shoot redox signaling, probably mediated by jasmonates, and mycorrhization enhanced the production of the cytokinin trans-zeatin in both roots and leaves. Overall, our results suggest that mycorrhization affects physiological, redox and hormonal responses to water stress at an organ-specific level, which may eventually modulate the final protection of the host from water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Fresno
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of BiologyUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA), Faculty of BiologyUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Helena Solé‐Corbatón
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of BiologyUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Sergi Munné‐Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of BiologyUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA), Faculty of BiologyUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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Alonso‐Nieves AL, Salazar‐Vidal MN, Torres‐Rodríguez JV, Pérez‐Vázquez LM, Massange‐Sánchez JA, Gillmor CS, Sawers RJH. The pho1;2a'-m1.1 allele of Phosphate1 conditions misregulation of the phosphorus starvation response in maize ( Zea mays ssp. mays L.). PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e416. [PMID: 35844781 PMCID: PMC9277030 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant PHO1 proteins play a central role in the translocation and sensing of inorganic phosphate. The maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) genome encodes two co-orthologs of the Arabidopsis PHO1 gene, designated ZmPho1;2a and ZmPho1;2b. Here, we report the characterization of the transposon footprint allele Zmpho1;2a'-m1.1, which we refer to hereafter as pho1;2a. The pho1;2a allele is a stable derivative formed by excision of an Activator transposable element from the ZmPho1;2a gene. The pho1;2a allele contains an 8-bp insertion at the point of transposon excision that disrupts the reading frame and is predicted to generate a premature translational stop. We show that the pho1;2a allele is linked to a dosage-dependent reduction in Pho1;2a transcript accumulation and a mild reduction in seedling growth. Characterization of shoot and root transcriptomes under full nutrient, low nitrogen, low phosphorus, and combined low nitrogen and low phosphorus conditions identified 1100 differentially expressed genes between wild-type plants and plants carrying the pho1;2a mutation. Of these 1100 genes, 966 were upregulated in plants carrying pho1;2a, indicating the wild-type PHO1;2a to predominantly impact negative gene regulation. Gene set enrichment analysis of the pho1;2a-misregulated genes revealed associations with phytohormone signaling and the phosphate starvation response. In roots, differential expression was broadly consistent across all nutrient conditions. In leaves, differential expression was largely specific to low phosphorus and combined low nitrogen and low phosphorus conditions. Of 276 genes upregulated in the leaves of pho1;2a mutants in the low phosphorus condition, 153 were themselves induced in wild-type plants with respect to the full nutrient condition. Our observations suggest that Pho1;2a functions in the fine-tuning of the transcriptional response to phosphate starvation through maintenance and/or sensing of plant phosphate status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Alonso‐Nieves
- Langebio, Unidad de Genómica AvanzadaCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV‐IPN)IrapuatoMexico
| | - M. Nancy Salazar‐Vidal
- Langebio, Unidad de Genómica AvanzadaCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV‐IPN)IrapuatoMexico
- Department of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Plant SciencesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - J. Vladimir Torres‐Rodríguez
- Langebio, Unidad de Genómica AvanzadaCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV‐IPN)IrapuatoMexico
- Center for Plant Science InnovationUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - Leonardo M. Pérez‐Vázquez
- Langebio, Unidad de Genómica AvanzadaCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV‐IPN)IrapuatoMexico
| | - Julio A. Massange‐Sánchez
- Langebio, Unidad de Genómica AvanzadaCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV‐IPN)IrapuatoMexico
- Unidad de Biotecnología VegetalCentro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ) Subsede ZapopanGuadalajaraMexico
| | - C. Stewart Gillmor
- Langebio, Unidad de Genómica AvanzadaCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV‐IPN)IrapuatoMexico
| | - Ruairidh J. H. Sawers
- Langebio, Unidad de Genómica AvanzadaCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV‐IPN)IrapuatoMexico
- Department of Plant ScienceThe Pennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
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Singh RP, Pandey DM, Jha PN, Ma Y. ACC deaminase producing rhizobacterium Enterobacter cloacae ZNP-4 enhance abiotic stress tolerance in wheat plant. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267127. [PMID: 35522667 PMCID: PMC9075627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) designated as ZNP-4, isolated from the rhizosphere of Ziziphus nummularia, was identified as Enterobacter cloacae following 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The isolated strain exhibited various plant growth promoting (PGP) traits. The 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACCD) activity was evaluated under diverse physiological conditions that could be useful for minimizing the abiotic stress-induced inhibitory effects on wheat plants. The strain showed resistance to salt (NaCl) and metal (ZnSO4) stress. The effect of E. cloacae ZNP-4 on the augmentation of plant growth was studied under salinity stress of 150 mM (T1 treatment) & 200 mM (T2 treatment) NaCl. The inoculation of strain ZNP-4 significantly improved the various growth parameters of wheat plant such as shoot length (41%), root length (31%), fresh weight (28%), dry weight (29%), photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll a (62%) and chlorophyll b (34%). Additionally, the strain was found to be efficient for minimizing the imposed Zn stress in terms of improving plant growth, biomass and photosynthetic pigments in pots containing different levels of metal stress of 150 mg kg-1 (treatment T1) and 250 mg kg-1 (treatment T2). Isolate ZNP-4 also improved the proline content and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level under both salinity and metal stress, therefore maintaining the membrane integrity. Furthermore, bacterial inoculation increased the activities of antioxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX). The positive effects of PGPR occurred concurrently with the decrease in abiotic stress-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) molecules such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2-) contents. Overall, the observed results indicate that use of bacteria with such beneficial traits could be used as bio-fertilizers for many crops growing under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Prakash Singh
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
- * E-mail: (RPS); (YM)
| | - Dev Mani Pandey
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Prabhat Nath Jha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan
| | - Ying Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (RPS); (YM)
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Németh JB, Knapp DG, Kósa A, Hegedűs PÁ, Herczeg G, Vági P, Kovács GM. Micro-scale Experimental System Coupled with Fluorescence-based Estimation of Fungal Biomass to Study Utilisation of Plant Substrates. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:714-723. [PMID: 34218293 PMCID: PMC8979871 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01794-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The degradation capacity and utilisation of complex plant substrates are crucial for the functioning of saprobic fungi and different plant symbionts with fundamental functions in ecosystems. Measuring the growth capacity and biomass of fungi on such systems is a challenging task. We established a new micro-scale experimental setup using substrates made of different plant species and organs as media for fungal growth. We adopted and tested a reliable and simple titration-based method for the estimation of total fungal biomass within the substrates using fluorescence-labelled lectin. We found that the relationship between fluorescence intensity and fungal dry weight was strong and linear but differed among fungi. The effect of the plant organ (i.e. root vs. shoot) used as substrate on fungal growth differed among plant species and between root endophytic fungal species. The novel microscale experimental system is useful for screening the utilisation of different substrates, which can provide insight into the ecological roles and functions of fungi. Furthermore, our fungal biomass estimation method has applications in various fields. As the estimation is based on the fungal cell wall, it measures the total cumulative biomass produced in a certain environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna B Németh
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Dániel G Knapp
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Annamária Kósa
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Panna Á Hegedűs
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Gábor Herczeg
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Pál Vági
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Gábor M Kovács
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
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Maleki S, Maleki Zanjani B, Kohnehrouz BB, Landin M, Gallego PP. Computer-Based Tools Unmask Critical Mineral Nutrient Interactions in Hoagland Solution for Healthy Kiwiberry Plant Acclimatization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:723992. [PMID: 34777411 PMCID: PMC8580943 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.723992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to better understand the response of ex vitro acclimatized plants grown to a set of mineral nutrient combinations based on Hoagland solution. To reach that, two computer-based tools were used: the design of experiments (DOE) and a hybrid artificial intelligence technology that combines artificial neural networks with fuzzy logic. DOE was employed to create a five-dimensional IV-design space by categorizing all macroelements and one microelement (copper) of Hoagland mineral solution, reducing the experimental design space from 243 (35) to 19 treatments. Typical growth parameters included hardening efficiency (Hard), newly formed shoot length (SL), total leaf number (TLN), leaf chlorophyll content (LCC), and leaf area (LA). Moreover, three physiological disorders, namely, leaf necrosis (LN), leaf spot (LS), and curled leaf (CL), were evaluated for each treatment (mineral formulation). All the growth parameters plus LN were successfully modeled using neuro-fuzzy logic with a high train set R 2 between experimental and predicted values (72.67 < R 2 < 98.79). The model deciphered new insights using different sets of "IF-THEN" rules, pinpointing the positive role of Mg2+ and Ca2+ to improve Hard, SL, TLN, and LA and alleviate LN but with opposite influences on LCC. On the contrary, TLN and LCC were negatively affected by the addition of NO3 - into the media, while NH4 + in complex interaction with Cu2+ or Mg2+ positively enhanced SL, TLN, LCC, and LA. In our opinion, the approach and results achieved in this work are extremely fruitful to understand the effect of Hoagland mineral nutrients on the healthy growth of ex vitro acclimatized plants, through identifying key factors, which favor growth and limit physiological abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Maleki
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
- Agrobiotech for Health, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Bahram Maleki Zanjani
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Mariana Landin
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Grupo I+D Farma (GI-1645), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pedro Pablo Gallego
- Agrobiotech for Health, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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Torres-Rodríguez JV, Salazar-Vidal MN, Chávez Montes RA, Massange-Sánchez JA, Gillmor CS, Sawers RJH. Low nitrogen availability inhibits the phosphorus starvation response in maize (Zea mays ssp. mays L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:259. [PMID: 34090337 PMCID: PMC8178920 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are macronutrients essential for crop growth and productivity. In cultivated fields, N and P levels are rarely sufficient, contributing to the gap between realized and potential production. Fertilizer application increases nutrient availability, but is not available to all farmers, nor are current rates of application sustainable or environmentally desirable. Transcriptomic studies of cereal crops have revealed dramatic responses to either low N or low P single stress treatments. In the field, however, levels of both N and P may be suboptimal. The interaction between N and P starvation responses remains to be fully characterized. RESULTS We characterized growth and root and leaf transcriptomes of young maize plants under nutrient replete, low N, low P or combined low NP conditions. We identified 1555 genes to respond to our nutrient treatments, in one or both tissues. A large group of genes, including many classical P starvation response genes, were regulated antagonistically between low N and P conditions. An additional experiment over a range of N availability indicated that a mild reduction in N levels was sufficient to repress the low P induction of P starvation genes. Although expression of P transporter genes was repressed under low N or low NP, we confirmed earlier reports of P hyper accumulation under N limitation. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptional responses to low N or P were distinct, with few genes responding in a similar way to the two single stress treatments. In combined NP stress, the low N response dominated, and the P starvation response was largely suppressed. A mild reduction in N availability was sufficient to repress the induction of P starvation associated genes. We conclude that activation of the transcriptional response to P starvation in maize is contingent on N availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vladimir Torres-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (Langebio), Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, C.P, 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - M Nancy Salazar-Vidal
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (Langebio), Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, C.P, 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Division of Plant Sciences, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Ricardo A Chávez Montes
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (Langebio), Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, C.P, 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Julio A Massange-Sánchez
- Unidad de Biotecnología Vegetal, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ) Subsede Zapopan, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - C Stewart Gillmor
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (Langebio), Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, C.P, 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Ruairidh J H Sawers
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (Langebio), Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, C.P, 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico.
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
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Molecular and physiological analysis of indole-3-acetic acid degradation in Bradyrhizobium japonicum E109. Res Microbiol 2021; 172:103814. [PMID: 33539931 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2021.103814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bradyrhizobium japonicum E109 is a bacterium widely used for inoculants production in Argentina. It is known for its ability to produce several phytohormones and degrade indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The genome sequence of B. japonicum E109 was recently analyzed and it showed the presence of genes related to the synthesis of IAA by indole-3-acetonitrile, indole-3-acetamide and tryptamine pathways. Nevertheless, B. japonicum E109 is not able to produce IAA and instead has the ability to degrade this hormone under saprophytic culture conditions. This work aimed to study the molecular and physiological features of IAA degradation and identify the genes responsible of this activity. In B. japonicum E109 we identified two sequences coding for a putative 3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase (subunits α and β) responsible for the IAA degradation that were homologous to the canonical cluster of iacC and iacD of Pseudomonas putida 1290. These genes form a separate cluster together with three additional genes with unknown functions. The degradation activity was found to be constitutively expressed in B. japonicum E109. As products of IAA degradation, we identified two compounds, 3-indoleacetic acid 2,3-oxide and 2-(2-hydroperoxy-3-hydroxyindolin-3-yl) acetic acid. Our report proposes, for the first time, a model for IAA degradation in Bradyrhizobium.
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Fernández MI, Paisio CE, González PS, Perotti R, Meringer V, Villasuso AL, Agostini E. Deepening the knowledge on the removal of Cr(VI) by L. minuta Kunth: removal efficiency and mechanisms, lipid signaling pathways, antioxidant response, and toxic effects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:14567-14580. [PMID: 32048195 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07884-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lemna minuta Kunth was used to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions, and some of the mechanisms involved in this process were analyzed. In addition, the cellular signaling mediated by phospholipase D activity as well as antioxidant responses was also evaluated during the process. Cr(VI) removal efficiencies were 40% for 0.5 mg/L, after 24 h, and up to 18% at metal concentrations as high as 5 mg/L. Removal mechanisms displayed by these macrophytes include bioadsorption to cell surfaces and, to a greater extent, Cr internalization and bioaccumulation within cells. Inside of them, Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III), a less toxic form of this metal. At the first hours of Cr(VI) exposure, plants were able to sense chromium, activating membrane signal transduction pathways mediated by phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid. Moreover, an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutases and peroxidases was observed in the same time. These and other components of the antioxidant defense system would help to reduce the stress generated by the metal. The toxicity of the products formed during the removal process was assessed through Lactuca sativa L. and AMPHIAGU test. It was evidenced that Cr(VI) phytoremediation process by L. minuta plants did not generate acute toxicity neither for L. sativa seeds nor for embryos of Rhinella arenarum (Hensel, 1876). Thus, L. minuta plants could be considered as valuable species for the treatment of waters contaminated with Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- María I Fernández
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Cintia E Paisio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Cordoba, Argentina.
| | - Paola S González
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Romina Perotti
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Verónica Meringer
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Laura Villasuso
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Elizabeth Agostini
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Cordoba, Argentina
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Ramírez‐Flores MR, Bello‐Bello E, Rellán‐Álvarez R, Sawers RJH, Olalde‐Portugal V. Inoculation with the mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis modulates the relationship between root growth and nutrient content in maize ( Zea mays ssp. mays L.). PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00192. [PMID: 31867562 PMCID: PMC6908788 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant root systems play a fundamental role in nutrient and water acquisition. In resource-limited soils, modification of root system architecture is an important strategy to optimize plant performance. Most terrestrial plants also form symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to maximize nutrient uptake. In addition to direct delivery of nutrients, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi benefit the plant host by promoting root growth. Here, we aimed to quantify the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis on root growth and nutrient uptake in maize. Inoculated plants showed an increase in both biomass and the total content of twenty quantified elements. In addition, image analysis showed mycorrhizal plants to have denser, more branched root systems. For most of the quantified elements, the increase in content in mycorrhizal plants was proportional to root and overall plant growth. However, the increase in boron, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, and strontium was greater than predicted by root system size alone, indicating fungal delivery to be supplementing root uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Rosario Ramírez‐Flores
- Departamento de Biotecnología y BioquímicaCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV‐IPN)Irapuato, GuanajuatoMéxico
| | - Elohim Bello‐Bello
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad/Unidad de Genómica AvanzadaCentro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosInstituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV‐IPN)Irapuato, GuanajuatoMéxico
| | - Rubén Rellán‐Álvarez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad/Unidad de Genómica AvanzadaCentro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosInstituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV‐IPN)Irapuato, GuanajuatoMéxico
- Department of Molecular and Structural BiochemistryNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Ruairidh J. H. Sawers
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad/Unidad de Genómica AvanzadaCentro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosInstituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV‐IPN)Irapuato, GuanajuatoMéxico
- Department of Plant ScienceThe Pennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePAUSA
| | - Víctor Olalde‐Portugal
- Departamento de Biotecnología y BioquímicaCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV‐IPN)Irapuato, GuanajuatoMéxico
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11
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Sarkar A, Pramanik K, Mitra S, Soren T, Maiti TK. Enhancement of growth and salt tolerance of rice seedlings by ACC deaminase-producing Burkholderia sp. MTCC 12259. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 231:434-442. [PMID: 30414570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Increasing soil salinity is often associated with accelerated ethylene production in plants, leading to overall growth reduction. The salt-tolerant 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase-producing PGPR may alleviate salt stress by reducing the production of stress ethylene. In this study, a salt-tolerant ACC deaminase-producing strain named P50 was isolated from a coastal rice field in Odisha, India, which enhanced the growth of rice seedlings under salt stress. The P50 strain was identified as Burkholderia sp. based on phenotypic characteristics, MALDI-TOF MS data for ribosomal proteins and 16S rDNA sequence-based homology. Various PGP traits of strain P50 were characterized, among which the ACC deaminase activity was optimized at different physical conditions and confirmed by enzyme assay, as well as FTIR. The IAA, EPS and proline production of this strain were estimated under increasing NaCl concentrations essential for plant growth promotion under salt stress. Finally, the P50 strain was utilized in a gnotobiotic assay using rice seedlings (cv. Swarnamasuri) under saline stress. Seedlings treated with the P50 strain showed improvement in various morphological and biochemical characteristics, ROS scavenging antioxidant enzymatic activities, and reduced amounts of stress ethylene compared to non-inoculated strains under salinity. In addition, isolation of the ACC deaminase mutant of this strain was not found to reduce stress ethylene, confirming that the P50 strain was associated with a reduction in stress ethylene. Strain P50 was also found to colonize the root surfaces of rice seedlings associated with the plant-microbe interaction process. Thus, as an effective salt-tolerant PGPR, strain P50 can be utilized in salt-affected agricultural fields to improve plant growth in a sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anumita Sarkar
- Microbiology Laboratory, UGC Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, Burdwan University, Burdwan, 713104, WB, India; Department of Botany, Government General Degree College, Singur, Hooghly, 712409, WB, India
| | - Krishnendu Pramanik
- Microbiology Laboratory, UGC Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, Burdwan University, Burdwan, 713104, WB, India
| | - Soumik Mitra
- Microbiology Laboratory, UGC Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, Burdwan University, Burdwan, 713104, WB, India
| | - Tithi Soren
- Microbiology Laboratory, UGC Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, Burdwan University, Burdwan, 713104, WB, India
| | - Tushar Kanti Maiti
- Microbiology Laboratory, UGC Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, Burdwan University, Burdwan, 713104, WB, India.
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12
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Kochian LV. Mechanisms of Micronutrient Uptake and Translocation in Plants. MICRONUTRIENTS IN AGRICULTURE 2018. [DOI: 10.2136/sssabookser4.2ed.c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Torres D, Benavidez I, Donadio F, Mongiardini E, Rosas S, Spaepen S, Vanderleyden J, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Strnad M, Frébortová J, Cassán F. New insights into auxin metabolism in Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Res Microbiol 2018; 169:313-323. [PMID: 29751062 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial metabolism of phytohormones includes several processes such as biosynthesis, catabolism, conjugation, hydrolysis and homeostatic regulation. However, only biosynthesis and occasionally catabolism are studied in depth in microorganisms. In this work, we evaluated and reconsidered IAA metabolism in Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum E109, one of the most widely used strains for soybean inoculation around the world. The genomic analysis of the strain showed the presence of several genes responsible for IAA biosynthesis, mainly via indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN), indole-3-acetamide (IAM) and tryptamine (TAM) pathways. However; in vitro experiments showed that IAA is not accumulated in the culture medium in significant amounts. On the contrary, a strong degradation activity was observed after exogenous addition of 0.1 mM of IAA, IBA or NAA to the medium. B. japonicum E109 was not able to grow in culture medium containing IAA as a sole carbon source. In YEM medium, the bacteria degraded IAA and hydrolyzed amino acid auxin conjugates with alanine (IAAla), phenylalanine (IAPhe), and leucine (IAPhe), releasing IAA which was quickly degraded. Finally, the presence of exogenous IAA induced physiological changes in the bacteria such as increased biomass and exopolysaccharide production, as well as infection effectiveness and symbiotic behavior in soybean plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Torres
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y de la Interacción Planta-microorganismo, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Iliana Benavidez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y de la Interacción Planta-microorganismo, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Florencia Donadio
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y de la Interacción Planta-microorganismo, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Elias Mongiardini
- Laboratorio de Interacción Rizobios y Soja, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | - Susana Rosas
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y de la Interacción Planta-microorganismo, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Stijn Spaepen
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Plant Microbe Interactions, Köln, Germany
| | | | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Frébortová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Fabricio Cassán
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y de la Interacción Planta-microorganismo, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, Córdoba, Argentina.
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14
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Sarkar A, Ghosh PK, Pramanik K, Mitra S, Soren T, Pandey S, Mondal MH, Maiti TK. A halotolerant Enterobacter sp. displaying ACC deaminase activity promotes rice seedling growth under salt stress. Res Microbiol 2017; 169:20-32. [PMID: 28893659 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural productivity is proven to be hampered by the synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and production of stress-induced ethylene under salinity stress. One-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is the direct precursor of ethylene synthesized by plants. Bacteria possessing ACC deaminase activity can use ACC as a nitrogen source preventing ethylene production. Several salt-tolerant bacterial strains displaying ACC deaminase activity were isolated from rice fields, and their plant growth-promoting (PGP) properties were determined. Among them, strain P23, identified as an Enterobacter sp. based on phenotypic characteristics, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry data and the 16S rDNA sequence, was selected as the best-performing isolate for several PGP traits, including phosphate solubilization, IAA production, siderophore production, HCN production, etc. Enterobacter sp. P23 was shown to promote rice seedling growth under salt stress, and this effect was correlated with a decrease in antioxidant enzymes and stress-induced ethylene. Isolation of an acdS mutant strain enabled concluding that the reduction in stress-induced ethylene content after inoculation of strain P23 was linked to ACC deaminase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anumita Sarkar
- Microbiology Laboratory, UGC Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, Burdwan University, Burdwan, 713104, West Bengal, India; Department of Botany, Government General Degree College, Singur, Hooghly, 712409, West Bengal, India
| | - Pallab Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Marine Science, Calcutta University, Ballygunge Science College, 35 B.C. Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishnendu Pramanik
- Microbiology Laboratory, UGC Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, Burdwan University, Burdwan, 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumik Mitra
- Microbiology Laboratory, UGC Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, Burdwan University, Burdwan, 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Tithi Soren
- Microbiology Laboratory, UGC Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, Burdwan University, Burdwan, 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjeev Pandey
- Department of Botany, Banwarilal Bhalotia College, Asansol, West Bengal, India
| | - Monohar Hossain Mondal
- Chemical Science Laboratory, Government General Degree College, Singur, Hooghly, 712409, West Bengal, India
| | - Tushar Kanti Maiti
- Microbiology Laboratory, UGC Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, Burdwan University, Burdwan, 713104, West Bengal, India.
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15
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Sawers RJH, Svane SF, Quan C, Grønlund M, Wozniak B, Gebreselassie M, González‐Muñoz E, Chávez Montes RA, Baxter I, Goudet J, Jakobsen I, Paszkowski U. Phosphorus acquisition efficiency in arbuscular mycorrhizal maize is correlated with the abundance of root‐external hyphae and the accumulation of transcripts encoding PHT1 phosphate transporters. NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:632-643. [PMID: 28098948 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruairidh J. H. Sawers
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (LANGEBIO) Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV‐IPN) Irapuato C.P. 36821 Guanajuato Mexico
- Department of Plant Biology University of Lausanne 1014 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Simon F. Svane
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark DK‐2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 DK‐1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Clement Quan
- Department of Plant Sciences University Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3EA UK
| | - Mette Grønlund
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark DK‐2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 DK‐1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Barbara Wozniak
- Department of Plant Biology University of Lausanne 1014 Lausanne Switzerland
| | | | - Eliécer González‐Muñoz
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (LANGEBIO) Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV‐IPN) Irapuato C.P. 36821 Guanajuato Mexico
| | - Ricardo A. Chávez Montes
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (LANGEBIO) Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV‐IPN) Irapuato C.P. 36821 Guanajuato Mexico
| | - Ivan Baxter
- USDA‐ARS Donald Danforth Plant Science Center St Louis MO 63132 USA
| | - Jerome Goudet
- Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Lausanne 1014 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Iver Jakobsen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark DK‐2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 DK‐1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Uta Paszkowski
- Department of Plant Biology University of Lausanne 1014 Lausanne Switzerland
- Department of Plant Sciences University Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3EA UK
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16
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Salazar-Vidal MN, Acosta-Segovia E, Sánchez-León N, Ahern KR, Brutnell TP, Sawers RJH. Characterization and Transposon Mutagenesis of the Maize (Zea mays) Pho1 Gene Family. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161882. [PMID: 27648940 PMCID: PMC5029887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for all plants, but also one of the least mobile, and consequently least available, in the soil. Plants have evolved a series of molecular, metabolic and developmental adaptations to increase the acquisition of phosphorus and to maximize the efficiency of use within the plant. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the AtPHO1 protein regulates and facilitates the distribution of phosphorus. To investigate the role of PHO1 proteins in maize (Zea mays), the B73 reference genome was searched for homologous sequences, and four genes identified that were designated ZmPho1;1, ZmPho1;2a, ZmPho1;2b and ZmPho1;3. ZmPho1;2a and ZmPho1;2b are the most similar to AtPHO1, and represent candidate co-orthologs that we hypothesize to have been retained following whole genome duplication. Evidence was obtained for the production of natural anti-sense transcripts associated with both ZmPho1;2a and ZmPho1;2b, suggesting the possibility of regulatory crosstalk between paralogs. To characterize functional divergence between ZmPho1;2a and ZmPho1;2b, a program of transposon mutagenesis was initiated using the Ac/Ds system, and, here, we report the generation of novel alleles of ZmPho1;2a and ZmPho1;2b.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nancy Salazar-Vidal
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (LANGEBIO), Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigaciones y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato C.P. 36821, Guanajuato, México
| | - Edith Acosta-Segovia
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (LANGEBIO), Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigaciones y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato C.P. 36821, Guanajuato, México
| | - Nidia Sánchez-León
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (LANGEBIO), Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigaciones y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato C.P. 36821, Guanajuato, México
| | - Kevin R. Ahern
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853-1801, United States of America
| | - Thomas P. Brutnell
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, United States of America
| | - Ruairidh J. H. Sawers
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (LANGEBIO), Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigaciones y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato C.P. 36821, Guanajuato, México
- * E-mail:
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17
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Alleviation of salinity-induced damage on wheat plant by an ACC deaminase-producing halophilic bacterium Serratia sp. SL- 12 isolated from a salt lake. Symbiosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-016-0387-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Singh RP, Jha PN. A Halotolerant Bacterium Bacillus licheniformis HSW-16 Augments Induced Systemic Tolerance to Salt Stress in Wheat Plant ( Triticum aestivum). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1890. [PMID: 28018415 PMCID: PMC5159429 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Certain plant growth promoting bacteria can protect associated plants from harmful effects of salinity. We report the isolation and characterization of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase bacterium Bacillus licheniformis HSW-16 capable of ameliorating salt (NaCl) stress in wheat plants. The bacterium was isolated from the water of Sambhar salt lake, Rajasthan, India. The presence of ACC deaminase activity was confirmed by enzyme assay and analysis of AcdS gene, a structural gene for ACC deaminase. Inoculation of B. licheniformis HSW-16 protected wheat plants from growth inhibition caused by NaCl and increased plant growth (6-38%) in terms of root length, shoot length, fresh weight, and dry weight. Ionic analysis of plant samples showed that the bacterial inoculation decreased the accumulation of Na+ content (51%), and increased K+ (68%), and Ca2+ content (32%) in plants at different concentration of NaCl. It suggested that bacterial inoculation protected plants from the effect of NaCl by decreasing the level of Na+ in plants. Production of exopolysaccharide by the B. licheniformis HSW-16 can also protect from Na+ by binding this ion. Moreover, application of test isolate resulted in an increase in certain osmolytes such as total soluble sugar, total protein content, and a decrease in malondialdehyde content, illustrating their role in the protection of plants. The ability of B. licheniformis HSW-16 to colonize plant root surface was examined by staining the bacterium with acridine orange followed by fluorescence microscopy and polymerase chain reaction-based DNA finger printing analysis. These results suggested that B. licheniformis HSW-16 could be used as a bioinoculant to improve the productivity of plants growing under salt stress.
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19
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20
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Brackin R, Näsholm T, Robinson N, Guillou S, Vinall K, Lakshmanan P, Schmidt S, Inselsbacher E. Nitrogen fluxes at the root-soil interface show a mismatch of nitrogen fertilizer supply and sugarcane root uptake capacity. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15727. [PMID: 26496834 PMCID: PMC4620560 DOI: 10.1038/srep15727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally only ≈50% of applied nitrogen (N) fertilizer is captured by crops, and the remainder can cause pollution via runoff and gaseous emissions. Synchronizing soil N supply and crop demand will address this problem, however current soil analysis methods provide little insight into delivery and acquisition of N forms by roots. We used microdialysis, a novel technique for in situ quantification of soil nutrient fluxes, to measure N fluxes in sugarcane cropping soils receiving different fertilizer regimes, and compare these with N uptake capacities of sugarcane roots. We show that in fertilized sugarcane soils, fluxes of inorganic N exceed the uptake capacities of sugarcane roots by several orders of magnitude. Contrary, fluxes of organic N closely matched roots' uptake capacity. These results indicate root uptake capacity constrains plant acquisition of inorganic N. This mismatch between soil N supply and root N uptake capacity is a likely key driver for low N efficiency in the studied crop system. Our results also suggest that (i) the relative contribution of inorganic N for plant nutrition may be overestimated when relying on soil extracts as indicators for root-available N, and (ii) organic N may contribute more to crop N supply than is currently assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Brackin
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Torgny Näsholm
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicole Robinson
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Stéphane Guillou
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Kerry Vinall
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Prakash Lakshmanan
- Sugar Research Australia, 50 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Susanne Schmidt
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Erich Inselsbacher
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
- University of Vienna, Department of Geography and Regional Research, Vienna, AT-1090, Austria
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21
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Gerlach N, Schmitz J, Polatajko A, Schlüter U, Fahnenstich H, Witt S, Fernie AR, Uroic K, Scholz U, Sonnewald U, Bucher M. An integrated functional approach to dissect systemic responses in maize to arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:1591-612. [PMID: 25630535 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Most terrestrial plants benefit from the symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) mainly under nutrient-limited conditions. Here the crop plant Zea mays was grown with and without AMF in a bi-compartmented system separating plant and phosphate (Pi) source by a hyphae-permeable membrane. Thus, Pi was preferentially taken up via the mycorrhizal Pi uptake pathway while other nutrients were ubiquitously available. To study systemic effects of mycorrhizal Pi uptake on leaf status, leaves of these plants that display an increased biomass in the presence of AMF were subjected to simultaneous ionomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. We observed robust changes of the leaf elemental composition, that is, increase of P, S and Zn and decrease of Mn, Co and Li concentration in mycorrhizal plants. Although changes in anthocyanin and lipid metabolism point to an improved P status, a global increase in C versus N metabolism highlights the redistribution of metabolic pools including carbohydrates and amino acids. Strikingly, an induction of systemic defence gene expression and concomitant accumulation of secondary metabolites such as the terpenoids alpha- and beta-amyrin suggest priming of mycorrhizal maize leaves as a mycorrhiza-specific response. This work emphasizes the importance of AM symbiosis for the physiological status of plant leaves and could lead to strategies for optimized breeding of crop species with high growth potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Gerlach
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany
| | - Jessica Schmitz
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Polatajko
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany
| | - Urte Schlüter
- Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Witt
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Kalle Uroic
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany
| | - Uwe Scholz
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Stadt Seeland, OT Gatersleben, 06466, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Marcel Bucher
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany
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Singh RP, Jha P, Jha PN. The plant-growth-promoting bacterium Klebsiella sp. SBP-8 confers induced systemic tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum) under salt stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 184:57-67. [PMID: 26217911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylatedeaminase (ACCD) activity can protect plants from the deleterious effects of abioticstressors. An ACCD bacterial strain, SBP-8, identified as Klebsiella sp., also having other plant-growth-promoting activities, was isolated from Sorghum bicolor growing in the desertregion of Rajasthan, India. ACCD activity of SBP-8 was characterized at biochemical, physiological, and molecular levels. The presence of AcdS, a structural gene for ACCD, was confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction. Strain SBP-8 showed optimum growth and ACCD activity at increased salt (NaCl) concentrations of up to 6%, indicating its potential to survive and associate with plants growing in saline soil. Inoculation of wheat plants with SBP-8 when grow in the presence of salt (150-200 mM) and temperature (30-40 °C) stressors resulted inamelioration of stress conditions by increasing plant biomass and chlorophyll content, and are duction in plant growth inhibition (10-100%) occurred due to salt and temperature stressors. Moreover, strain SBP-8 also caused Na(+) exclusion (65%) and increased uptake of K(+) (84.21%) in the host plant. This property can protect plants from adverse effects of Na(+) on plant growth and physiology. Thus, SBP-8 improves growth of the host plant and protects from salt stressors through more than one mechanism including an effect of ACCD activity and on K(+)/Na(+) ratio in plants. The colonization efficiency of strain SBP-8 was confirmedby CFU (colony-forming unit) count, microscopy, and ERIC-PCR based DNA-finger-printing approach. Therefore, and the use of efficient colonizing plant-growth-promoting bacteria may provideinsights into possible biotechnological approaches to decrease the impact of salinity and other stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Prakash Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prameela Jha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prabhat Nath Jha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India.
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Van Bel AJE. THE ABSORPTION OF L-α-ALANINE AND L-α-AMINO-ISO-BUTYRIC ACID DURING THEIR MOVEMENT THROUGH THE XYLEM VESSELS OF TOMATO STEM SEGMENTS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1974.tb00945.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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González-Muñoz E, Avendaño-Vázquez AO, Montes RAC, de Folter S, Andrés-Hernández L, Abreu-Goodger C, Sawers RJH. The maize (Zea mays ssp. mays var. B73) genome encodes 33 members of the purple acid phosphatase family. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:341. [PMID: 26042133 PMCID: PMC4436580 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) play an important role in plant phosphorus nutrition, both by liberating phosphorus from organic sources in the soil and by modulating distribution within the plant throughout growth and development. Furthermore, members of the PAP protein family have been implicated in a broader role in plant mineral homeostasis, stress responses and development. We have identified 33 candidate PAP encoding gene models in the maize (Zea mays ssp. mays var. B73) reference genome. The maize Pap family includes a clear single-copy ortholog of the Arabidopsis gene AtPAP26, shown previously to encode both major intracellular and secreted acid phosphatase activities. Certain groups of PAPs present in Arabidopsis, however, are absent in maize, while the maize family contains a number of expansions, including a distinct radiation not present in Arabidopsis. Analysis of RNA-sequencing based transcriptome data revealed accumulation of maize Pap transcripts in multiple plant tissues at multiple stages of development, and increased accumulation of specific transcripts under low phosphorus availability. These data suggest the maize PAP family as a whole to have broad significance throughout the plant life cycle, while highlighting potential functional specialization of individual family members.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruairidh J. H. Sawers
- *Correspondence: Ruairidh J. H. Sawers, Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-Leon, Irapuato C.P. 36821, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Willmann M, Gerlach N, Buer B, Polatajko A, Nagy R, Koebke E, Jansa J, Flisch R, Bucher M. Mycorrhizal phosphate uptake pathway in maize: vital for growth and cob development on nutrient poor agricultural and greenhouse soils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:533. [PMID: 24409191 PMCID: PMC3872827 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form a mutually beneficial symbiosis with plant roots providing predominantly phosphorus in the form of orthophosphate (Pi) in exchange for plant carbohydrates on low P soils. The goal of this work was to generate molecular-genetic evidence in support of a major impact of the mycorrhizal Pi uptake (MPU) pathway on the productivity of the major crop plant maize under field and controlled conditions. Here we show, that a loss-of-function mutation in the mycorrhiza-specific Pi transporter gene Pht1;6 correlates with a dramatic reduction of above-ground biomass and cob production in agro-ecosystems with low P soils. In parallel mutant pht1;6 plants exhibited an altered fingerprint of chemical elements in shoots dependent on soil P availability. In controlled environments mycorrhiza development was impaired in mutant plants when grown alone. The presence of neighboring mycorrhizal nurse plants enhanced the reduced mycorrhiza formation in pht1;6 roots. Uptake of (33)P-labeled orthophosphate via the MPU pathway was strongly impaired in colonized mutant plants. Moreover, repression of the MPU pathway resulted in a redirection of Pi to neighboring plants. In line with previous results, our data highlight the relevance of the MPU pathway in Pi allocation within plant communities and in particular the role of Pht1;6 for the establishment of symbiotic Pi uptake and for maize productivity and nutritional value in low-input agricultural systems. In a first attempt to identify cellular pathways which are affected by Pht1;6 activity, gene expression profiling via RNA-Seq was performed and revealed a set of maize genes involved in cellular signaling which exhibited differential regulation in mycorrhizal pht1;6 and control plants. The RNA data provided support for the hypothesis that fungal supply of Pi and/or Pi transport across Pht1;6 affects cell wall biosynthesis and hormone metabolism in colonized root cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Willmann
- Botanical Institute, University of CologneCologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Nina Gerlach
- Botanical Institute, University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Benjamin Buer
- Botanical Institute, University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | | | - Réka Nagy
- Experimental Station Eschikon, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH)Lindau, Switzerland
| | - Eva Koebke
- Botanical Institute, University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Jan Jansa
- Experimental Station Eschikon, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH)Lindau, Switzerland
| | - René Flisch
- Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon Research Station ARTZurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Bucher
- Botanical Institute, University of CologneCologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of CologneCologne, Germany
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BROUWER R. THE REGULATING INFLUENCE OF TRANSPIRATION AND SUCTION TENSION ON THE WATER AND SALT UPTAKE BY THE ROOTS OF INTACT VICIA FABA PLANTS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1954.tb00298.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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VAN DIE J. PATHWAYS OF TRANSLOCATION AND METABOLIC CONVERSIONS OF ROOT-ABSORBED 14C (U) L-GLUTAMIC ACID IN TOMATO PLANTS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1963.tb00120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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SOL HH. PRETREATMENT AND CHLORIDE UPTAKE IN VALLISNERIA LEAVES INFLUENCE OF LIGHT, SUGAR, SALTS AND PH ON SUBSEQUENT CHLORIDE ACCUMULATION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1958.tb00612.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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VAN DER HEIDE H, DE BOER-BOLT BERENDINAM, VAN RAALTE MH. THE EFFECT OF A LOW OXYGEN CONTENT OF THE MEDIUM ON THE ROOTS OF BARLEY SEEDLINGS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1963.tb00116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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TROMP J. INTERACTIONS IN THE ABSORPTION OF AMMONIUM, POTASSIUM, AND SODIUM IONS BY WHEAT ROOTS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1962.tb00082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hynes RK, Craig KA, Covert D, Rennie RJ, Smith RS. Liquid Rhizobial Inoculants for Lentil and Field Pea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2134/jpa1995.0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Russell K. Hynes
- Agrium Inc.; Biologicals; 402-15 Innovation Blvd. Saskatoon SK S7N 2X8 Canada
| | - Kent A. Craig
- Agrium Inc.; Biologicals; 402-15 Innovation Blvd. Saskatoon SK S7N 2X8 Canada
| | - Douglas Covert
- Agrium Inc.; Biologicals; 402-15 Innovation Blvd. Saskatoon SK S7N 2X8 Canada
| | - Robert J. Rennie
- Agrium Inc.; Biologicals; 402-15 Innovation Blvd. Saskatoon SK S7N 2X8 Canada
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Pallai R, Hynes RK, Verma B, Nelson LM. Phytohormone production and colonization of canola (Brassica napus L.) roots by Pseudomonas fluorescens 6-8 under gnotobiotic conditions. Can J Microbiol 2012; 58:170-8. [PMID: 22292926 DOI: 10.1139/w11-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas fluorescens 6-8, a rhizosphere isolate previously shown to enhance root elongation of canola ( Brassica napus L.), was characterized for its ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinins in pure culture and in the rhizosphere of canola under gnotobiotic conditions in comparison with the cytokinin-producing strain P. fluorescens G20-18 and its mutant CNT2. Strain 6-8 produced isopentenyl adenosine, zeatin riboside, and dihydroxyzeatin riboside at levels similar to those of G20-18, but only very low concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid. In a gnotobiotic assay canola inoculated with 6-8 and G20-18 had higher concentrations of isopentenyl adenosine and zeatin riboside in the rhizosphere and greater root length than the noninoculated control. The ability of strain 6-8 to colonize canola roots was assessed following transformation with the green fluorescent protein and inoculation onto canola seed in a gnotobiotic assay. Higher populations of strain 6-8 were observed on the proximal region of the root closest to the seed than on the mid and distal portions 9 days after seed inoculation. The ability of P. fluorescens 6-8 to produce cytokinins, colonize the roots of canola seedlings, and enhance root elongation may contribute to its ability to survive in the rhizosphere and may benefit seedling growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajash Pallai
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Talano MA, Busso DC, Paisio CE, González PS, Purro SA, Medina MI, Agostini E. Phytoremediation of 2,4-dichlorophenol using wild type and transgenic tobacco plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 19:2202-11. [PMID: 22234851 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-011-0724-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transgenic plant strategies based on peroxidase expression or overexpression would be useful for phenolic compound removal since these enzymes play an important role in phenolic polymerizing reactions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thus, double transgenic (DT) plants for basic peroxidases were obtained and characterized in order to compare the tolerance and efficiency for 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) removal with WT and simple transgenic plants expressing TPX1 or TPX2 gene. Several DT plants showed the expression of both transgenes and proteins, as well as increased peroxidase activity. RESULTS DT lines showed higher tolerance to 2,4-DCP at early stage of development since their germination index was higher than that of WT seedlings exposed to 25 mg/L of the pollutant. High 2,4-DCP removal efficiencies were found for WT tobacco plants. TPX1 transgenic plants and DT (line d) reached slightly higher removal efficiencies for 10 mg/L of 2,4-DCP than WT plants, while DT plants (line A) showed the highest removal efficiencies (98%). These plants showed an increase of 21% and 14% in 2,4-DCP removal efficiency for solutions containing 10 and 25 mg/L 2,4-DCP, respectively, compared with WT plants. In addition, an almost complete toxicity reduction of postremoval solutions using WT and DT plants was obtained through AMPHITOX test, which indicates that the 2,4-DCP degradation products would be similar for both plants. CONCLUSION These results are relevant in the field of phytoremediation application and, moreover, they highlight the safety of using DT tobacco plants because nontoxic products were formed after an efficient 2,4-DCP removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina A Talano
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, CP 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Fritz M, Ehwald R. Mannitol permeation and radial flow of water in maize roots. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 189:210-217. [PMID: 20840609 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03452.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
• The postulated nonselective hydraulic route through the root apoplast has not yet been supported by experimental findings on solvent drag. • Therefore, mannitol transport from the medium to the shoot of young maize plants was studied at different rates of transpiration in hydroculture. The concentration of mannitol was determined by gas chromatography. • Mannitol utilization in shoot metabolism was not detectable. Experiments with exuding roots showed that the radial transport of mannitol was mainly apoplastic. The ratio α between the mannitol concentration in xylem vessels and that of the external medium was calculated from mannitol translocation to the shoot or measurement of the mannitol concentration in the root exudate, where it reached c. 0.07 in the steady state. In transpiring plants, α decreased with increasing water flux from 0.04 to values below 0.01. These findings demonstrate that the root reflection coefficient for mannitol is above 0.99. • It is concluded that the radial movement of water to the vessels is under complete protoplastic control, whereas solutes can diffuse on an apoplastic path. The absence of a significant volume flux through the root apoplast is of physiological importance as it prevents the coupling of the apoplastic permeation of ballast solutes, such as NaCl, to transpiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fritz
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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41
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Viets FG. EFFECTS OF Ca AND OTHER DIVALENT IONS ON THE ACCUMULATION OF MONOVALENT IONS BY BARLEY ROOT CELLS. Science 2010; 95:486-7. [PMID: 17789134 DOI: 10.1126/science.95.2471.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Abstract
1. Comparisons are made of concentrations of K and Br in exudates of barley roots and in expressed sap from roots, under conditions favorable for aerobic metabolism. Both methods lead to the same general viewpoint concerning metabolically governed transport of solutes by living plant cells. 2. Cyanide in low concentration prevented salt accumulation by barley roots. Methylene blue, without decrease of CO2 production by roots, destroyed power of salt accumulation. 3. K and Br ions entered roots to only a slight extent under an anaerobic condition, even with an inward gradient of ionic concentration. 4. Lactate or alcohol, under aerobic conditions, did not prevent rapid accumulation of salt by root cells. 5. Experiments on fluids obtained by suction from tomato roots gave evidence of loss of salt-accumulating power under the influence of N2 gas or CO2 gas, together with probable effects on cell permeability. 6. Several experiments on Nitella cells in which radioactive isotopes were used are reported. Bromide gradually moved into vacuolar sap until the concentration appeared to exceed that of the protoplasm, on the basis of the results of the several types of experiments. Accumulation of salt in the vacuole did not occur anaerobically. 7. Some views of interrelations of permeability, salt accumulation, and metabolism are suggested for further discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Hoagland
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, University of California, Berkeley
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Sawers RJH, Gebreselassie MN, Janos DP, Paszkowski U. Characterizing variation in mycorrhiza effect among diverse plant varieties. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2010; 120:1029-39. [PMID: 20012933 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-009-1231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Exploitation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may be an important approach for development of reduced-input agriculture. We discuss the use of linear models to analyze variation in mycorrhiza response among diverse plant varieties in order to assess the value of mycorrhizas. Our approach allows elimination of variation linked to differences in plant performance in the absence of mycorrhizas and the selection of plant lines that might harbor genetic variation of use to improve the mycorrhizal symbiosis in agriculture. We illustrate our approach by applying it to previously published and to novel data. We suggest that in dealing with a relative trait such as mycorrhiza effect, the choice of measure used to quantify the trait greatly affects interpretation. In the plant populations under consideration, we find evidence for a greater potential to increase mycorrhiza benefit than previously suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruairidh J H Sawers
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Nagy R, Drissner D, Amrhein N, Jakobsen I, Bucher M. Mycorrhizal phosphate uptake pathway in tomato is phosphorus-repressible and transcriptionally regulated. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 181:950-959. [PMID: 19140941 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi take up phosphate (Pi)via the mycorrhizal and the direct Pi uptake pathway. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of these pathways is just emerging.Here, we have analyzed the molecular physiology of mycorrhizal Pi uptake in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) variety Micro-Tom and integrated the data obtained with studies on chemical signaling in mycorrhiza-inducible Pi transporter gene regulation.At high plant phosphorus (P) status, the mycorrhizal Pi uptake pathway was almost completely repressed and the mycorrhiza-inducible Pi transporter genes were down-regulated. A high plant P status also suppressed the activation of the mycorrhiza-specific StPT3 promoter fragment by phospholipid extracts containing the mycorrhiza signal lysophosphatidylcholine.Our results suggest that the mycorrhizal Pi uptake pathway is controlled at least partially by the plant host. This control involves components in common
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Nagy
- Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Institute of Plant Sciences, Experimental Station Eschikon 33, CH-8315 Lindau, Switzerland
| | - David Drissner
- Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Institute of Plant Sciences, Experimental Station Eschikon 33, CH-8315 Lindau, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaus Amrhein
- Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Institute of Plant Sciences, Universitätstrasse 2, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Iver Jakobsen
- National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy (Risø DTU), Technical University of Denmark, Biosystems Department, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Marcel Bucher
- Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Institute of Plant Sciences, Experimental Station Eschikon 33, CH-8315 Lindau, Switzerland
- Present address: University of Cologne, Institute of Botany, Gyrhofstrasse 15, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
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Han L, Dutilleul P, Prasher SO, Beaulieu C, Smith DL. Assessment of common scab-inducing pathogen effects on potato underground organs via computed tomography scanning. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2008; 98:1118-25. [PMID: 18943458 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-98-10-1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Common scab caused by Streptomyces scabies is a major bacterial disease of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Its best known symptom is superficial lesions on the surface of progeny potato tubers, observed at harvesting. In this study, effects of S. scabies on space occupancy by underground organs and on structural complexity of root systems are investigated during growth via computed tomography (CT) scanning. Two groups of potato plants were grown in a greenhouse in middle-sized plastic pots. Using a high-resolution X-ray CT scanner formerly used for medical applications, their underground organs and surrounding medium (sieved and autoclaved homogeneous sand) were submitted to CT scanning 4, 6, and 8 weeks after planting. For one group, sand was inoculated with the common scab-inducing pathogen (S. scabies EF-35) at potting. Space occupancy by underground organs was estimated via curve fitting applied to histograms of CT scan data, while three-dimensional skeletal images were used for fractal analysis. Root systems of diseased plants were found to be less complex than those of healthy plants 4 weeks after planting, and the relative growth rates derived from space occupancy measures were of different sign between the two groups from week 4 to week 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Han
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Bellevue, Canada
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Wegmüller S, Svistoonoff S, Reinhardt D, Stuurman J, Amrhein N, Bucher M. A transgenic dTph1 insertional mutagenesis system for forward genetics in mycorrhizal phosphate transport of Petunia. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 54:1115-27. [PMID: 18315538 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The active endogenous dTph1 system of the Petunia hybrida mutator line W138 has been used in several forward-genetic mutant screens that were based on visible phenotypes such as flower morphology and color. In contrast, defective symbiotic phosphate (P(i)) transport in mycorrhizal roots of Petunia is a hidden molecular phenotype as the symbiosis between plant roots and fungi takes place below ground, and, while fungal colonization can be visualized histochemically, P(i) transport and the activity of P(i) transporter proteins cannot be assessed visually. Here, we report on a molecular approach in which expression of a mycorrhiza-inducible bi-functional reporter transgene and insertional mutagenesis in Petunia are combined. Bi-directionalization of a mycorrhizal P(i) transporter promoter controlling the expression of two reporter genes encoding firefly luciferase and GUS allows visualization of mycorrhiza-specific P(i) transporter expression. A population of selectable transposon insertion mutants was established by crossing the transgenic reporter line with the mutator W138, from which the P(i)transporter downregulated (ptd1) mutant was identified, which exhibits strongly reduced expression of mycorrhiza-inducible P(i) transporters in mycorrhizal roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wegmüller
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Plant Sciences, Experimental Station Eschikon 33, CH-8315 Lindau, Switzerland
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Hynes RK, Leung GCY, Hirkala DLM, Nelson LM. Isolation, selection, and characterization of beneficial rhizobacteria from pea, lentil, and chickpea grown in western Canada. Can J Microbiol 2008; 54:248-58. [PMID: 18388997 DOI: 10.1139/w08-008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of beneficial soil microorganisms as agricultural inputs for improved crop production requires selection of rhizosphere-competent microorganisms with plant growth-promoting attributes. A collection of 563 bacteria originating from the roots of pea, lentil, and chickpea grown in Saskatchewan was screened for several plant growth-promoting traits, for suppression of legume fungal pathogens, and for plant growth promotion. Siderophore production was detected in 427 isolates (76%), amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity in 29 isolates (5%), and indole production in 38 isolates (7%). Twenty-six isolates (5%) suppressed the growth of Pythium sp. strain p88-p3, 40 isolates (7%) suppressed the growth of Fusarium avenaceum, and 53 isolates (9%) suppressed the growth of Rhizoctonia solani CKP7. Seventeen isolates (3%) promoted canola root elongation in a growth pouch assay, and of these, 4 isolates promoted the growth of lentil and one isolate promoted the growth of pea. Fatty acid profile analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing of smaller subsets of the isolates that were positive for the plant growth-promotion traits tested showed that 39%-42% were members of the Pseudomonadaceae and 36%-42% of the Enterobacteriaceae families. Several of these isolates may have potential for development as biofertilizers or biopesticides for western Canadian legume crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell K Hynes
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N0W9, Canada
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BURNS IG. INFLUENCE OF THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF NITRATE ON THE UPTAKE OF N BY PLANTS: A REVIEW AND A MODEL FOR ROOTING DEPTH. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1980.tb02073.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Overstreet R, Ruben S, Broyer TC. The Absorption of Bicarbonate Ion by Barley Plants as Indicated by Studies with Radioactive Carbon. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 26:688-95. [PMID: 16588412 PMCID: PMC1078254 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.26.12.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Overstreet
- Division of Plant Nutrition, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of California
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Jenny H, Overstreet R. Contact Effects between Plant Roots and Soil Colloids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 24:384-92. [PMID: 16588243 PMCID: PMC1077120 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.24.9.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Jenny
- Division of Plant Nutrition, College of Agriculture, University of California
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