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Cole‐Osborn LF, Meehan E, Lee‐Parsons CWT. Critical parameters for robust Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation and quantitative promoter assays in Catharanthus roseus seedlings. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e596. [PMID: 38855128 PMCID: PMC11154794 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression methods are widely used to study gene function in both model and non-model plants. Using a dual-luciferase assay, we quantified the effect of Agrobacterium-infiltration parameters on the transient transformation efficiency of Catharanthus roseus seedlings. We showed that transformation efficiency is highly sensitive to seedling developmental state and a pre- and post-infiltration dark incubation and is less sensitive to the Agrobacterium growth stage. For example, 5 versus 6 days of germination in the dark increased seedling transformation efficiency by seven- to eight-fold while a dark incubation pre- and post-infiltration increased transformation efficiency by five- to 13-fold. Agrobacterium in exponential compared with stationary phase increased transformation efficiency by two-fold. Finally, we quantified the variation in our Agrobacterium-infiltration method in replicate infiltrations and experiments. Within a given experiment, significant differences of up to 2.6-fold in raw firefly luciferase (FLUC) and raw Renilla luciferase (RLUC) luminescence occurred in replicate infiltrations. These differences were significantly reduced when FLUC was normalized to RLUC values, highlighting the utility of including a reference reporter to minimize false positives. Including a second experimental replicate further reduced the potential for false positives. This optimization and quantitative validation of Agrobacterium infiltration in C. roseus seedlings will facilitate the study of this important medicinal plant and will expand the application of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methods in other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma Meehan
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Carolyn W. T. Lee‐Parsons
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of BioengineeringNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
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2
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Cole-Osborn LF, McCallan SA, Prifti O, Abu R, Sjoelund V, Lee-Parsons CWT. The role of the Golden2-like (GLK) transcription factor in regulating terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:141. [PMID: 38743349 PMCID: PMC11093837 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A GLK homologue was identified and functionally characterized in Catharanthus roseus. Silencing CrGLK with VIGS or the chloroplast retrograde signaling inducer lincomycin increased terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis. Catharanthus roseus is the sole source of the chemotherapeutic terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) vinblastine and vincristine. TIA pathway genes, particularly genes in the vindoline pathway, are expressed at higher levels in immature versus mature leaves, but the molecular mechanisms responsible for this developmental regulation are unknown. We investigated the role of GOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) transcription factors in contributing to this ontogenetic regulation since GLKs are active in seedlings upon light exposure and in the leaf's early development, but their activity is repressed as leaves age and senesce. We identified a GLK homologue in C. roseus and functionally characterized its role in regulating TIA biosynthesis, with a focus on the vindoline pathway, by transiently reducing its expression through two separate methods: virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and application of chloroplast retrograde signaling inducers, norflurazon and lincomycin. Reducing CrGLK levels with each method reduced chlorophyll accumulation and the expression of the light harvesting complex subunit (LHCB2.2), confirming its functional homology with GLKs in other plant species. In contrast, reducing CrGLK via VIGS or lincomycin increased TIA accumulation and TIA pathway gene expression, suggesting that CrGLK may repress TIA biosynthesis. However, norflurazon had no effect on TIA gene expression, indicating that reducing CrGLK alone is not sufficient to induce TIA biosynthesis. Future work is needed to clarify the specific molecular mechanisms leading to increased TIA biosynthesis with CrGLK silencing. This is the first identification and characterization of GLK in C. roseus and the first investigation of how chloroplast retrograde signaling might regulate TIA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren F Cole-Osborn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Shannon A McCallan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Olga Prifti
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Rafay Abu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Virginie Sjoelund
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Carolyn W T Lee-Parsons
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, USA.
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3
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Cao J, Yang B, Zhang M, Yu F. Regulation of T16H subcellular localization for promoting its catalytic efficiency in yeast cells. Biotechnol Lett 2024; 46:29-35. [PMID: 37971563 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of subcellular localization on the transformation efficiency of heterologous expressed functional P450s in yeast. Microbial biotransformation offers a promising substitute for the direct extraction of natural products, but its viability in industrial applications depends on achieving high transformation efficiencies. To investigate the influence of subcellular microenvironments on the activity of heterologously expressed P450s, Catharanthus roseus tabersonine 16-hydroxylase (T16H) was chosen, and its subcellular localization was regulated by fusing organelle-localization signals. Interestingly, this manipulation had no effect on the gene expression levels of T16H, but resulted in varying conversion rates from tabersonine to 16-hydroxy tabersonine. Notably, the highest transformation efficiency was observed in yeast cells expressing peroxisome-localized T16H. Given the alkaline pH optimum for P450s, the alkaline peroxisomal lumen could be a suitable compartment for P450s reactions to achieve high transformation efficiency using yeast cells. Different organelle-localization of T16H in yeast cells resulted in varying conversion rates, suggesting that compartmentalizing the expression of target enzymes could be a viable approach to increase transformation efficiency in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancong Cao
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Bingrun Yang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Mengxia Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Fang Yu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
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4
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Stander EA, Lehka B, Carqueijeiro I, Cuello C, Hansson FG, Jansen HJ, Dugé De Bernonville T, Birer Williams C, Vergès V, Lezin E, Lorensen MDBB, Dang TT, Oudin A, Lanoue A, Durand M, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Janfelt C, Papon N, Dirks RP, O'connor SE, Jensen MK, Besseau S, Courdavault V. The Rauvolfia tetraphylla genome suggests multiple distinct biosynthetic routes for yohimbane monoterpene indole alkaloids. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1197. [PMID: 38001233 PMCID: PMC10673892 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) are a structurally diverse family of specialized metabolites mainly produced in Gentianales to cope with environmental challenges. Due to their pharmacological properties, the biosynthetic modalities of several MIA types have been elucidated but not that of the yohimbanes. Here, we combine metabolomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and genome sequencing of Rauvolfia tetraphylla with machine learning to discover the unexpected multiple actors of this natural product synthesis. We identify a medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase (MDR) that produces a mixture of four diastereomers of yohimbanes including the well-known yohimbine and rauwolscine. In addition to this multifunctional yohimbane synthase (YOS), an MDR synthesizing mainly heteroyohimbanes and the short chain dehydrogenase vitrosamine synthase also display a yohimbane synthase side activity. Lastly, we establish that the combination of geissoschizine synthase with at least three other MDRs also produces a yohimbane mixture thus shedding light on the complex mechanisms evolved for the synthesis of these plant bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Amor Stander
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA2106, Université de Tours, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Beata Lehka
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Inês Carqueijeiro
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA2106, Université de Tours, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Clément Cuello
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA2106, Université de Tours, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Frederik G Hansson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hans J Jansen
- Future Genomics Technologies, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Dugé De Bernonville
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA2106, Université de Tours, 37200, Tours, France
- Limagrain, Centre de Recherche, Route d'Ennezat, Chappes, France
| | - Caroline Birer Williams
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA2106, Université de Tours, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Valentin Vergès
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA2106, Université de Tours, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Enzo Lezin
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA2106, Université de Tours, 37200, Tours, France
| | | | - Thu-Thuy Dang
- Department of Chemistry, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Audrey Oudin
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA2106, Université de Tours, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA2106, Université de Tours, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Mickael Durand
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA2106, Université de Tours, 37200, Tours, France
| | | | - Christian Janfelt
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Univ Angers, Univ Brest, IRF, SFR ICAT, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Ron P Dirks
- Future Genomics Technologies, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Ellen O'connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany.
| | - Michael Krogh Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA2106, Université de Tours, 37200, Tours, France.
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA2106, Université de Tours, 37200, Tours, France.
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Kaminski KP, Bovet L, Hilfiker A, Laparra H, Schwaar J, Sierro N, Lang G, De Palo D, Guy PA, Laszlo C, Goepfert S, Ivanov NV. Suppression of pyrrolidine ring biosynthesis and its effects on gene expression and subsequent accumulation of anatabine in leaves of tobacco (N. tabacum L.). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:516. [PMID: 37667170 PMCID: PMC10476381 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09588-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anatabine, although being one of four major tobacco alkaloids, is never accumulated in high quantity in any of the naturally occurring species from the Nicotiana genus. Previous studies therefore focused on transgenic approaches to synthetize anatabine, most notably by generating transgenic lines with suppressed putrescine methyltransferase (PMT) activity. This led to promising results, but the global gene expression of plants with such distinct metabolism has not been analyzed. In the current study, we describe how these plants respond to topping and the downstream effects on alkaloid biosynthesis. RESULTS The surge in anatabine accumulation in PMT transgenic lines after topping treatment and its effects on gene expression changes were analyzed. The results revealed increases in expression of isoflavone reductase-like (A622) and berberine bridge-like enzymes (BBLs) oxidoreductase genes, previously shown to be crucial for the final steps of nicotine biosynthesis. We also observed significantly higher methylputrescine oxidase (MPO) expression in all plants subjected to topping treatment. In order to investigate if MPO suppression would have the same effects as that of PMT, we generated transgenic plants. These plants with suppressed MPO expression showed an almost complete drop in leaf nicotine content, whereas leaf anatabine was observed to increase by a factor of ~ 1.6X. CONCLUSION Our results are the first concrete evidence that suppression of MPO leads to decreased nicotine in favor of anatabine in tobacco roots and that this anatabine is successfully transported to tobacco leaves. Alkaloid transport in plants remains to be investigated to higher detail due to high variation of its efficiency among Nicotiana species and varieties of tobacco. Our research adds important step to better understand pyrrolidine ring biosynthesis and its effects on gene expression and subsequent accumulation of anatabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Piotr Kaminski
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Lucien Bovet
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Aurore Hilfiker
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Helene Laparra
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Joanne Schwaar
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Lang
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Damien De Palo
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Alexandre Guy
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Laszlo
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Goepfert
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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6
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Pu X, Wang M, Chen M, Lin X, Lei M, Zhang J, Yang S, Wang H, Liao J, Zhang L, Huang Q. Proteomics-Guided Mining and Characterization of Epoxidase Involved in Camptothecin Biosynthesis from Camptotheca acuminata. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1772-1785. [PMID: 37523250 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The detailed metabolic map for camptothecin (CPT) biosynthesis in Camptotheca acuminata has been proposed according to our combined omics results. However, the CYP450-mediated epoxidation step in CPT biosynthesis remains unexplored. A proteomics-guided approach was used to identify and annotate the proteins enriched during the vigorous CPT metabolism period in mature C. acuminata and seedlings. Comparative analyses revealed that the CPT and flavonoid biosyntheses were vigorous in stems and all of the samples except the leaves, respectively. The CYP71BE genes were screened based on their enrichment patterns at the transcriptomic-proteomic level and biochemically characterized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae WAT11. Four CYP71BE proteins exhibited in vitro isoliquiritigenin epoxidase activity. Additionally, CYP71BE206 showed epoxidase activity toward strictosamide, the critical precursor for CPT biosynthesis, both in vitro and in Nicotiana benthamiana. In planta functional verification suggested that CYP71BE206 is involved in CPT biosynthesis. Their catalytic conditions were optimized, and the enzymatic parameters were determined. This study provides valuable insight into the CYP71BE-mediated epoxidation step for CPT biosynthesis and offers evidence to verify that the newly characterized epoxidase (CYP71BE206) is simultaneously responsible for the biosynthesis of CPT and the flavonoid in this plant. An evolution event probably happened on ancestral CYP71BE, resulting in the neofunctionalization of CYP71BE206.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Pu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Minji Wang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Menghan Chen
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Xinyu Lin
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Ming Lei
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Jiahua Zhang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Shengnan Yang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Hanguang Wang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Jinqiu Liao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Qianming Huang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
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7
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Salim V, Jarecki SA, Vick M, Miller R. Advances in Metabolic Engineering of Plant Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1056. [PMID: 37626942 PMCID: PMC10452178 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) encompass a diverse family of over 3000 plant natural products with a wide range of medical applications. Further utilizations of these compounds, however, are hampered due to low levels of abundance in their natural sources, causing difficult isolation and complex multi-steps in uneconomical chemical syntheses. Metabolic engineering of MIA biosynthesis in heterologous hosts is attractive, particularly for increasing the yield of natural products of interest and expanding their chemical diversity. Here, we review recent advances and strategies which have been adopted to engineer microbial and plant systems for the purpose of generating MIAs and discuss the current issues and future developments of manufacturing MIAs by synthetic biology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vonny Salim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71115, USA; (S.-A.J.); (M.V.)
| | - Sara-Alexis Jarecki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71115, USA; (S.-A.J.); (M.V.)
| | - Marshall Vick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71115, USA; (S.-A.J.); (M.V.)
| | - Ryan Miller
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
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8
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Zhang Z, Wu QY, Ge Y, Huang ZY, Hong R, Li A, Xu JH, Yu HL. Hydroxylases involved in terpenoid biosynthesis: a review. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:39. [PMID: 38647640 PMCID: PMC10992849 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00656-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids are pervasive in nature and display an immense structural diversity. As the largest category of plant secondary metabolites, terpenoids have important socioeconomic value in the fields of pharmaceuticals, spices, and food manufacturing. The biosynthesis of terpenoid skeletons has made great progress, but the subsequent modifications of the terpenoid framework are poorly understood, especially for the functionalization of inert carbon skeleton usually catalyzed by hydroxylases. Hydroxylase is a class of enzymes that plays an important role in the modification of terpenoid backbone. This review article outlines the research progress in the identification, molecular modification, and functional expression of this class of enzymes in the past decade, which are profitable for the discovery, engineering, and application of more hydroxylases involved in the plant secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qing-Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yue Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zheng-Yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ran Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Aitao Li
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hui-Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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9
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Shams S, Ismaili A, Firouzabadi FN, Mumivand H, Sorkheh K. Comparative transcriptome analysis to identify putative genes involved in carvacrol biosynthesis pathway in two species of Satureja, endemic medicinal herbs of Iran. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281351. [PMID: 37418504 PMCID: PMC10328369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Satureja is rich in phenolic monoterpenoids, mainly carvacrol, that is of interest due to diverse biological activities including antifungal and antibacterial. However, limited information is available regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying carvacrol biosynthesis and its regulation for this wonderful medicinal herb. To identify the putative genes involved in carvacrol and other monoterpene biosynthesis pathway, we generated a reference transcriptome in two endemic Satureja species of Iran, containing different yields (Satureja khuzistanica and Satureja rechingeri). Cross-species differential expression analysis was conducted between two species of Satureja. 210 and 186 transcripts related to terpenoid backbone biosynthesis were identified for S. khuzistanica and S. rechingeri, respectively. 29 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in terpenoid biosynthesis were identified, and these DEGs were significantly enriched in monoterpenoid biosynthesis, diterpenoid biosynthesis, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis and ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis pathways. Expression patterns of S. khuzistanica and S. rechingeri transcripts involved in the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway were evaluated. In addition, we identified 19 differentially expressed transcription factors (such as MYC4, bHLH, and ARF18) that may control terpenoid biosynthesis. We confirmed the altered expression levels of DEGs that encode carvacrol biosynthetic enzymes using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). This study is the first report on de novo assembly and transcriptome data analysis in Satureja which could be useful for an understanding of the main constituents of Satureja essential oil and future research in this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Shams
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ismaili
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Farhad Nazarian Firouzabadi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hasan Mumivand
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticultural Science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Karim Sorkheh
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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10
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Raorane ML, Manz C, Hildebrandt S, Mielke M, Thieme M, Keller J, Bunzel M, Nick P. Cell type matters: competence for alkaloid metabolism differs in two seed-derived cell strains of Catharanthus roseus. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:349-369. [PMID: 35697946 PMCID: PMC9931846 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the anticancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine, Catharanthus roseus has been intensively studied for biosynthesis of several terpene indole alkaloids (TIAs). Due to their low abundance in plant tissues at a simultaneously high demand, modes of production alternative to conventional extraction are mandatory. Plant cell fermentation might become one of these alternatives, yet decades of research have shown limited success to certain product classes, leading to the question: how to preserve the intrinsic ability to produce TIAs (metabolic competence) in cell culture? We used the strategy to use the developmental potency of mature embryos to generate such strains. Two cell strains (C1and C4) from seed embryos of Catharanthus roseus were found to differ not only morphologically, but also in their metabolic competence. This differential competence became manifest not only under phytohormone elicitation, but also upon feeding with alkaloid pathway precursors. The more active strain C4 formed larger cell aggregates and was endowed with longer mitochondria. These cellular features were accompanied by higher alkaloid accumulation in response to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) elicitation. The levels of catharanthine could be increased significantly, while the concurrent vindoline branch of the pathway was blocked, such that no bisindole alkaloids were detectable. By feeding vindoline to MeJA-elicited C4 cells, vincristine became detectable; however, only to marginal amounts. In conclusion, these results show that cultured cells are not "de-differentiated", but can differ in metabolic competence. In addition to elicitation and precursor feeding, the cellular properties of the "biomatter" are highly relevant for the success of plant cell fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish L Raorane
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle-WittenbergHalle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Christina Manz
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sarah Hildebrandt
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marion Mielke
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marc Thieme
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Judith Keller
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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11
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Lemos Cruz P, Carqueijeiro I, Koudounas K, Bomzan DP, Stander EA, Abdallah C, Kulagina N, Oudin A, Lanoue A, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Nagegowda DA, Papon N, Besseau S, Clastre M, Courdavault V. Identification of a second 16-hydroxytabersonine-O-methyltransferase suggests an evolutionary relationship between alkaloid and flavonoid metabolisms in Catharanthus roseus. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:607-624. [PMID: 35947213 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01801-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus biosynthesizes many important drugs for human health, including the anticancer monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) vinblastine and vincristine. Over the past decades, the continuous increase in pharmaceutical demand has prompted several research groups to characterize MIA biosynthetic pathways for considering future metabolic engineering processes of supply. In line with previous work suggesting that diversification can potentially occur at various steps along the vindoline branch, we were here interested in investigating the involvement of distinct isoforms of tabersonine-16-O-methyltransferase (16OMT) which plays a pivotal role in the MIA biosynthetic pathway. By combining homology searches based on the previously characterized 16OMT1, phylogenetic analyses, functional assays in yeast, and biochemical and in planta characterizations, we identified a second isoform of 16OMT, referred to as 16OMT2. 16OMT2 appears to be a multifunctional enzyme working on both MIA and flavonoid substrates, suggesting that a constrained evolution of the enzyme for accommodating the MIA substrate has probably occurred to favor the apparition of 16OMT2 from an ancestral specific flavonoid-O-methyltransferase. Since 16OMT1 and 16OMT2 displays a high sequence identity and similar kinetic parameters for 16-hydroxytabersonine, we postulate that 16OMT1 may result from a later 16OMT2 gene duplication accompanied by a continuous neofunctionalization leading to an almost complete loss of flavonoid O-methyltransferase activity. Overall, these results participate in increasing our knowledge on the evolutionary processes that have likely led to enzyme co-optation for MIA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Lemos Cruz
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Ines Carqueijeiro
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | | | - Dikki Pedenla Bomzan
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Emily Amor Stander
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Cécile Abdallah
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Natalja Kulagina
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Audrey Oudin
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | | | - Dinesh A Nagegowda
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Univ Angers, Univ Brest, IRF, SFR, ICAT, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Marc Clastre
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France.
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12
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Stander EA, Cuello C, Birer-Williams C, Kulagina N, Jansen HJ, Carqueijeiro I, Méteignier LV, Vergès V, Oudin A, Papon N, Dirks RP, Jensen MK, O’Connor SE, Dugé de Bernonville T, Besseau S, Courdavault V. The Vinca minor genome highlights conserved evolutionary traits in monoterpene indole alkaloid synthesis. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkac268. [PMID: 36200869 PMCID: PMC9713385 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Vinca minor, also known as the lesser periwinkle, is a well-known species from the Apocynaceae, native to central and southern Europe. This plant synthesizes monoterpene indole alkaloids, which are a class of specialized metabolites displaying a wide range of bioactive- and pharmacologically important properties. Within the almost 50 monoterpene indole alkaloids it produces, V. minor mainly accumulates vincamine, which is commercially used as a nootropic. Using a combination of Oxford Nanopore Technologies long read- and Illumina short-read sequencing, a 679,098 Mb V. minor genome was assembled into 296 scaffolds with an N50 scaffold length of 6 Mb, and encoding 29,624 genes. These genes were functionally annotated and used in a comparative genomic analysis to establish gene families and to investigate gene family expansion and contraction across the phylogenetic tree. Furthermore, homology-based monoterpene indole alkaloid gene predictions together with a metabolic analysis across 4 different V. minor tissue types guided the identification of candidate monoterpene indole alkaloid genes. These candidates were finally used to identify monoterpene indole alkaloid gene clusters, which combined with synteny analysis allowed for the discovery of a functionally validated vincadifformine-16-hydroxylase, reinforcing the potential of this dataset for monoterpene indole alkaloids gene discovery. It is expected that access to these resources will facilitate the elucidation of unknown monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthetic routes with the potential of transferring these pathways to heterologous expression systems for large-scale monoterpene indole alkaloid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Amor Stander
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA2106, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Clément Cuello
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA2106, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | | | - Natalja Kulagina
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA2106, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Hans J Jansen
- Future Genomics Technologies, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ines Carqueijeiro
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA2106, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | | | - Valentin Vergès
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA2106, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Audrey Oudin
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA2106, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Univ Angers, Univ Brest, IRF, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Ron P Dirks
- Future Genomics Technologies, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Krogh Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sarah Ellen O’Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany
| | | | - Sébastien Besseau
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA2106, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA2106, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
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13
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Vanable EP, Habgood LG, Patrone JD. Current Progress in the Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Natural Products. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196373. [PMID: 36234909 PMCID: PMC9571504 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products, with their array of structural complexity, diversity, and biological activity, have inspired generations of chemists and driven the advancement of techniques in their total syntheses. The field of natural product synthesis continuously evolves through the development of methodologies to improve stereoselectivity, yield, scalability, substrate scope, late-stage functionalization, and/or enable novel reactions. One of the more interesting and unique techniques to emerge in the last thirty years is the use of chemoenzymatic reactions in the synthesis of natural products. This review highlights some of the recent examples and progress in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of natural products from 2019–2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P. Vanable
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Elmhurst University, Elmhurst, IL 60126, USA
| | - Laurel G. Habgood
- Department of Chemistry, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL 32789, USA
| | - James D. Patrone
- Department of Chemistry, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL 32789, USA
- Correspondence:
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14
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Williams D, Brzezinski W, Gordon H, De Luca V. Site directed mutagenesis of Catharanthus roseus (+)-vincadifformine 19-hydroxylase (CYP71BY3) results in two distinct enzymatic functions. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 201:113265. [PMID: 35660549 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The most abundant monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) in Catharanthus roseus roots include lochnericine and (+)-echitovenine. The formation of (+)-echitovenine involves a 3-step pathway including (+)-vincadifformine-19-hydroxylase (V19H) that differentiates it from a parallel pathway involved in the formation of lochnericine, hörhammericine and its O-acetylated derivative. Homology based modeling and docking experiments in the present study show that (+) and (-) vincadifformine can occupy the V19H active site and is proven experimentally by showing that (-)-vincadifformine is a competitive inhibitor of V19H. Comparative modeling of V19H with tabersonine 3-oxidase (T3O) and tabersonine 19-hydroxylase (T19H) that accept (-)-aspidosperma MIAs identified four conserved amino acid residues in T3O and T19H that were different in the V19H binding site and were used to generate a series of single-, double-, or four-point mutations in V19H. While all mutants retained their ability to convert (+)-vincadifformine to (+)-minovincinine only the four-point mutant gained T3O activity enabling it to convert (-)-tabersonine to tabersonine 2,3-epoxide. The gain of T3O-like activity following mutagenesis without the loss of V19H activity supports the hypothesis that V19H shares a common ancestor to T3O which is involved in vindoline biosynthesis in C. roseus leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Weronika Brzezinski
- Department of Biological Sciences Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Heather Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Department of Biological Sciences Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
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15
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Kang J, Lewis TR, Gardner A, Andrade RB, Wang RE. Semi-syntheses and interrogation of indole-substituted Aspidosperma terpenoid alkaloids. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3988-3997. [PMID: 35503511 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00610c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated here a series of Aspidosperma terpenoid alkaloids can be quickly prepared using semisynthesis from naturally sourced tabersonine, featuring multiple oxygen-based substituents on the indole ring such as hydroxy and methoxy groups. This panel of complex compounds enabled the exploration of indole modifications to optimize the indole alkaloids' anticancer activity, generating lead compounds (e.g., with C15-hydroxy, C16-methoxy, and/or C17-methoxy derivatizations) that potently inhibit cancer cell line growth in the single-digit micromolar range. These results can help guide the development of Aspidosperma terpenoid alkaloid therapeutics. Furthermore, this synthetic approach features late-stage facile derivatization on complex natural product molecules, providing a versatile path to indole derivatization of this family of alkaloids with diverse chemical functionalities for future medicinal chemistry and chemical biology discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
| | - Todd R Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
| | - Alex Gardner
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
| | - Rodrigo B Andrade
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
| | - Rongsheng E Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
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16
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Mall M, Shanker K, Samad A, Kalra A, Sundaresan V, Shukla AK. Stress responsiveness of vindoline accumulation in Catharanthus roseus leaves is mediated through co-expression of allene oxide cyclase with pathway genes. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:755-773. [PMID: 34459997 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01701-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vindoline is an important alkaloid produced in Catharanthus roseus leaves. It is the more important monomer of the scarce and costly anticancer bisindole alkaloids, vincristine, and vinblastine, as unlike catharanthine (the other monomer), its biosynthesis is restricted to the leaves. Here, biotic (bacterial endophyte, phytoplasma, virus) and abiotic (temperature, salinity, SA, MeJa) factors were studied for their effect on vindoline accumulation in C. roseus. Variations in vindoline pathway-related gene expression were reflected in changes in vindoline content. Since allene oxide cyclase (CrAOC) is involved in jasmonate biosynthesis and MeJa modulates many vindoline pathway genes, the correlation between CrAOC expression and vindoline content was studied. It was taken up for full-length cloning, tissue-specific expression profiling, in silico analyses, and upstream genomic region analysis for cis-regulatory elements. Co-expression analysis of CrAOC with vindoline metabolism-related genes under the influence of aforementioned abiotic/biotic factors indicated its stronger direct correlation with the tabersonine-to-vindoline genes (t16h, omt, t3o, t3r, nmt, d4h, dat) as compared to the pre-tabersonine genes (tdc, str, sgd). Its expression was inversely related to that of downstream-acting peroxidase (prx) (except under temperature stress). Direct/positive relationship of CrAOC expression with vindoline content established it as a key gene modulating vindoline accumulation in C. roseus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesha Mall
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, UP, India
| | - Karuna Shanker
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, UP, India
| | - Abdul Samad
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, UP, India
| | - Alok Kalra
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, UP, India
| | - Velusamy Sundaresan
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Allalasandra, GKVK Post, Bengaluru, 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashutosh K Shukla
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, UP, India.
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17
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Uzaki M, Yamamoto K, Murakami A, Fuji Y, Ohnishi M, Ishizaki K, Fukaki H, Hirai MY, Mimura T. Differential regulation of fluorescent alkaloid metabolism between idioblast and lacticifer cells during leaf development in Catharanthus roseus seedlings. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2022; 135:473-483. [PMID: 35243587 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive specialized (secondary) metabolites are indispensable for plant development or adjustment to their surrounding environment. In many plants, these specialized metabolites are accumulated in specifically differentiated cells. Catharanthus roseus is a well-known medicinal plant known for producing many kinds of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs). C. roseus has two types of specifically differentiated cells accumulating MIAs, so-called idioblast cells and laticifer cells. In this study, we compared each of the cells as they changed during seedling growth, and found that the fluorescent metabolites accumulated in these cells were differentially regulated. Analysis of fluorescent compounds revealed that the fluorescence observed in these cells was emitted from the compound serpentine. Further, we found that the serpentine content of leaves increased as leaves grew. Our findings suggest that idioblast cells and laticifer cells have different biological roles in MIA biosynthesis and its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Uzaki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yamamoto
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akio Murakami
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yushiro Fuji
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Miwa Ohnishi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kimitsune Ishizaki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Fukaki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Tetsuro Mimura
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng-Kung University, No.1, University Road, 701, Tainan City, Taiwan.
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18
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Mistry V, Darji S, Tiwari P, Sharma A. Engineering Catharanthus roseus monoterpenoid indole alkaloid pathway in yeast. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2337-2347. [PMID: 35333954 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11883-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle), a medicinal plant possessing high pharmacological attributes, is widely recognized for the biosynthesis of anticancer monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) - vinblastine and vincristine. The plant is known to biosynthesize more than 130 different bioactive MIAs, highly acclaimed in traditional and modern medicinal therapies. The MIA biosynthesis is strictly regulated at developmental and spatial-temporal stages and requires a well-defined cellular and sub-cellular compartmentation for completion of the entire MIAs biosynthesis. However, due to their cytotoxic nature, the production of vinblastine and vincristine occurs in low concentrations in planta and the absence of chemical synthesis alternatives projects a huge gap in demand and supply, leading to high market price. With research investigations spanning more than four decades, plant tissue culture and metabolic engineering (ME)-based studies were attempted to explore, understand, explain, improve and enhance the MIA biosynthesis using homologous and heterologous systems. Presently, metabolic engineering and synthetic biology are the two powerful tools that are contributing majorly in elucidating MIA biosynthesis. This review concentrates mainly on the efforts made through metabolic engineering of MIAs in heterologous microbial factories. KEY POINTS: • Yeast engineering provides alternative production source of phytomolecules • Yeast engineering also helps to discover missing plant pathway enzymes and genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyoma Mistry
- Metabolic Engineering Lab, C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Gopal-Vidyanagar, Maliba Campus, Surat, 394350, India
| | - Siddhi Darji
- Metabolic Engineering Lab, C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Gopal-Vidyanagar, Maliba Campus, Surat, 394350, India
| | - Pragya Tiwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Metabolic Engineering Lab, C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Gopal-Vidyanagar, Maliba Campus, Surat, 394350, India.
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Institute of Advance Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, 382426, Gujarat, India.
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19
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Koudounas K, Guirimand G, Hoyos LFR, Carqueijeiro I, Cruz PL, Stander E, Kulagina N, Perrin J, Oudin A, Besseau S, Lanoue A, Atehortùa L, St-Pierre B, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Papon N, O'Connor SE, Courdavault V. Tonoplast and Peroxisome Targeting of γ-tocopherol N-methyltransferase Homologs Involved in the Synthesis of Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:200-216. [PMID: 35166361 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many plant species from the Apocynaceae, Loganiaceae and Rubiaceae families evolved a specialized metabolism leading to the synthesis of a broad palette of monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs). These compounds are believed to constitute a cornerstone of the plant chemical arsenal but above all several MIAs display pharmacological properties that have been exploited for decades by humans to treat various diseases. It is established that MIAs are produced in planta due to complex biosynthetic pathways engaging a multitude of specialized enzymes but also a complex tissue and subcellular organization. In this context, N-methyltransferases (NMTs) represent an important family of enzymes indispensable for MIA biosynthesis but their characterization has always remained challenging. In particular, little is known about the subcellular localization of NMTs in MIA-producing plants. Here, we performed an extensive analysis on the subcellular localization of NMTs from four distinct medicinal plants but also experimentally validated that two putative NMTs from Catharanthus roseus exhibit NMT activity. Apart from providing unprecedented data regarding the targeting of these enzymes in planta, our results point out an additional layer of complexity to the subcellular organization of the MIA biosynthetic pathway by introducing tonoplast and peroxisome as new actors of the final steps of MIA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Koudounas
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | | | - Luisa Fernanda Rojas Hoyos
- Grupo de Biotransformación-Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No 52-21, A.A 1226, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ines Carqueijeiro
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | - Pamela Lemos Cruz
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | - Emily Stander
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | - Natalja Kulagina
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | - Jennifer Perrin
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | - Audrey Oudin
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | - Lucia Atehortùa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 50010, Colombia
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | | | - Nicolas Papon
- GEIHP, SFR ICAT, University of Angers, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 4 rue de Larrey - F49933, Angers 49000, France
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
- Graduate School of Sciences, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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20
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Erythrina velutina Willd. alkaloids: Piecing biosynthesis together from transcriptome analysis and metabolite profiling of seeds and leaves. J Adv Res 2022; 34:123-136. [PMID: 35024185 PMCID: PMC8655131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Natural products of pharmaceutical interest often do not reach the drug market due to the associated low yields and difficult extraction. Knowledge of biosynthetic pathways is a key element in the development of biotechnological strategies for plant specialized metabolite production. Erythrina species are mainly used as central nervous system depressants in folk medicine and are important sources of bioactive tetracyclic benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs), which can act on several pathology-related biological targets. Objectives In this sense, in an unprecedented approach used with a non-model Fabaceae species grown in its unique arid natural habitat, a combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses (seeds and leaves) is presented. Methods The Next Generation Sequencing-based transcriptome (de novo RNA sequencing) was carried out in a NextSeq 500 platform. Regarding metabolite profiling, the High-resolution Liquid Chromatography was coupled to DAD and a micrOTOF-QII mass spectrometer by using electrospray ionization (ESI) and Time of Flight (TOF) analyzer. The tandem MS/MS data were processed and analyzed through Molecular Networking approach. Results This detailed macro and micromolecular approach applied to seeds and leaves of E. velutina revealed 42 alkaloids, several of them unique. Based on the combined evidence, 24 gene candidates were put together in a putative pathway leading to the singular alkaloid diversity of this species. Conclusion Overall, these results could contribute by indicating potential biotechnological targets for modulation of erythrina alkaloids biosynthesis as well as improve molecular databases with omic data from a non-model medicinal plant, and reveal an interesting chemical diversity of Erythrina BIA harvested in Caatinga.
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St-Pierre B, Mahroug S, Guirimand G, Courdavault V, Burlat V. RNA In Situ Hybridization of Paraffin Sections to Characterize the Multicellular Compartmentation of Plant Secondary Metabolisms. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2505:1-32. [PMID: 35732933 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2349-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a mean to cope with their potential cytotoxicity for the host plant, secondary metabolisms are often sequestered within specific cell types. This spatial organization may reach complex sequential multicellular compartmentation. The most complex example so far characterized is the sequential multicellular biosynthesis of the anticancer monoterpene indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus. RNA in situ hybridization has proven a key technological approach to unravel this complex spatial organization. Pioneer work in 1999 discovered the involvement of epidermis and laticifer/idioblasts in the intermediate and late steps of the pathway, respectively. The localization of the early steps of the pathway to the internal phloem-associated parenchyma later came to complete the three-tissular block organization of the pathway. Since then, RNA in situ hybridization was routinely used to map the gene expression profile of most of the nearly 30 genes involved in this pathway. We introduce here a comparison of advantages and drawbacks of in situ hybridization and more popular promoter: GUS strategies. Two main advantages of in situ hybridization are the suitability to any plant species and the direct localization of transcripts rather than the localization of a promoter activity. We provide a step-by-step protocol describing every details allowing to reach a medium throughput including riboprobe synthesis, paraffin-embedded plant tissue array preparation, prehybridization, in situ hybridization, stringent washing and immunodetection of hybridized probes, and imaging steps. This should be helpful for new comers willing to domesticate the technique. This protocol has no species limitation and is particularly adapted to the increasingly studied model, nonmodel species, nonamenable to promoter::GUS transformation, such as C. roseus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit St-Pierre
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Samira Mahroug
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Gregory Guirimand
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Vincent Burlat
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Toulouse, France.
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Gardner A, Andrade RB. Semisynthesis of Bis-Indole Alkaloid (-)-Melodinine K Enabled by a Combination of Biotransformation and Chemical Synthesis. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2505:101-112. [PMID: 35732940 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2349-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic biotransformation has become a widely used technique in synthetic chemistry to achieve difficult chemical transformations. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase enzymes found in nature carry out a wide range of difficult chemical reactions, such as the oxidation of the monoterpene indole alkaloid (-)-tabersonine at the unreactive 16th position on the indoline benzene ring in the biosynthesis of biologically active natural products such as the bis-indole alkaloid (-)-melodinine K. Herein, we describe the first semisynthesis of (-)-melodinine K enabled by a biological gram scale route to the northern fragment, (-)-16-hydroxytabersonine, as well as a chemical route to the southern fragment, (-)-pachysiphine, both derived from (-)-tabersonine and subsequently coupled in only eight linear steps. (-)-16-Hydroxytabersonine is produced through an enzymatic biotransformation with a genetically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain expressing a tabersonine 16-hydroxylase enzyme to enable regioselective oxidation on multigram scale, and (-)-pachysiphine is produced through stereoselective and regioselective epoxidation of the disubstituted alkene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Gardner
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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23
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Nguyen TAM, McConnachie M, Nguyen TD, Dang TTT. Discovery and Characterization of Oxidative Enzymes Involved in Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloid Biosynthesis. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2505:141-164. [PMID: 35732943 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2349-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpene indole alkaloid (MIA) constitutes a structurally diverse plant natural product group with remarkable pharmacological activities. Many MIAs have been routinely used as potent drugs for several diseases, including leukemia (vinblastine), lung cancer (camptothecin), and malaria (quinine). Nevertheless, MIAs are biosynthesized at extremely low abundance in plants and, in many cases, require additional chemical functionalizations before their therapeutic uses. As oxygenations and oxidative rearrangements are critical throughout MIAs' structural scaffolding and modifications, the discovery and engineering of oxidative enzymes play essential roles in understanding and boosting the supplies of MIAs. Recent advances in omics technologies and synthetic biology have provided unprecedented amount of biochemical data and tools, paving a wide pathway for discovering, characterizing, and engineering enzymes involved in MIA biosynthesis. Here, we discuss the latest progress in understanding the roles of oxidative enzymes in MIA metabolism and describe a bioinformatic and biochemical pipeline to identify, characterize, and make use of these plant biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan-Anh Minh Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew McConnachie
- Department of Chemistry, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Trinh-Don Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Thu-Thuy T Dang
- Department of Chemistry, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
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The biosynthesis of thymol, carvacrol, and thymohydroquinone in Lamiaceae proceeds via cytochrome P450s and a short-chain dehydrogenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2110092118. [PMID: 34930840 PMCID: PMC8719858 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110092118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The monoterpene alcohols thymol, carvacrol, and thymohydroquinone are characteristic flavor compounds of thyme, oregano, and other Lamiaceae. These specialized metabolites are also valuable for their antibacterial, anti-spasmolytic, and antitumor activities. We elucidated the complete biosynthetic pathway of these compounds, which starts with the formation of γ-terpinene from geranyl diphosphate. The aromatic backbone of thymol and carvacrol is formed by P450 monooxygenases in combination with a dehydrogenase via an unstable intermediate. Additional P450s hydroxylate thymol and carvacrol to form thymohydroquinone. Our findings demonstrate a mechanism for the formation of phenolic monoterpenes that differs from previous predictions and provides targets for metabolic engineering of high-value terpenes in plants. Thymol and carvacrol are phenolic monoterpenes found in thyme, oregano, and several other species of the Lamiaceae. Long valued for their smell and taste, these substances also have antibacterial and anti-spasmolytic properties. They are also suggested to be precursors of thymohydroquinone and thymoquinone, monoterpenes with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. Thymol and carvacrol biosynthesis has been proposed to proceed by the cyclization of geranyl diphosphate to γ-terpinene, followed by a series of oxidations via p-cymene. Here, we show that γ-terpinene is oxidized by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) of the CYP71D subfamily to produce unstable cyclohexadienol intermediates, which are then dehydrogenated by a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) to the corresponding ketones. The subsequent formation of the aromatic compounds occurs via keto–enol tautomerisms. Combining these enzymes with γ-terpinene in in vitro assays or in vivo in Nicotiana benthamiana yielded thymol and carvacrol as products. In the absence of the SDRs, only p-cymene was formed by rearrangement of the cyclohexadienol intermediates. The nature of these unstable intermediates was inferred from reactions with the γ-terpinene isomer limonene and by analogy to reactions catalyzed by related enzymes. We also identified and characterized two P450s of the CYP76S and CYP736A subfamilies that catalyze the hydroxylation of thymol and carvacrol to thymohydroquinone when heterologously expressed in yeast and N. benthamiana. Our findings alter previous views of thymol and carvacrol formation, identify the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of these phenolic monoterpenes and thymohydroquinone in the Lamiaceae, and provide targets for metabolic engineering of high-value terpenes in plants.
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Zhu H, Cai Y, Ma S, Futamura Y, Li J, Zhong W, Zhang X, Osada H, Zou H. Privileged Biorenewable Secologanin-Based Diversity-Oriented Synthesis for Pseudo-Natural Alkaloids: Uncovering Novel Neuroprotective and Antimalarial Frameworks. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:5320-5327. [PMID: 34636473 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioprivileged molecules hold great promise for supplementing petrochemicals in sustainable organic synthesis of a diverse bioactive products library. Secologanin, a biorenewable monoterpenoid glucoside with unique structural elements, is the key precursor for thousands of natural monoterpenoid alkaloids. Inspired by its inherent highly congested functional groups, a secologanin-based diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) strategy for novel pseudo-natural alkaloids was developed. All the reactive units of secologanin were involved in these operation simplicity protocols under mild reaction conditions, including the one-step enantioselective transformation of exocyclic C8, C8/C11, and C8/C9/C10 as well as the chemoenzymatic manipulation of endocyclic C2/C6 via the attack by various nucleophiles. A combinatory scenario of the aforementioned reactions further provided diverse polycyclic products with multiple chiral centers. Preliminary activity screening of these newly constructed molecules led to the discovery of antimalarial and highly potent neuroprotective skeletons. The application of green biorenewable secologanin in diversity-oriented pseudo-natural monoterpenoid alkaloid synthesis might encourage the pursuit of valuable bioactive frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajian Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yunrui Cai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Shijia Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yushi Futamura
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jinbiao Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xiangnan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hongbin Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
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Kulagina N, Guirimand G, Melin C, Lemos‐Cruz P, Carqueijeiro I, De Craene J, Oudin A, Heredia V, Koudounas K, Unlubayir M, Lanoue A, Imbault N, St‐Pierre B, Papon N, Clastre M, Giglioli‐Guivarc’h N, Marc J, Besseau S, Courdavault V. Enhanced bioproduction of anticancer precursor vindoline by yeast cell factories. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:2693-2699. [PMID: 34302444 PMCID: PMC8601169 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry faces a growing demand and recurrent shortages in many anticancer plant drugs given their extensive use in human chemotherapy. Efficient alternative strategies of supply of these natural products such as bioproduction by microorganisms are needed to ensure stable and massive manufacturing. Here, we developed and optimized yeast cell factories efficiently converting tabersonine to vindoline, a precursor of the major anticancer alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine. First, fine-tuning of heterologous gene copies restrained side metabolites synthesis towards vindoline production. Tabersonine to vindoline bioconversion was further enhanced through a rational medium optimization (pH, composition) and a sequential feeding strategy. Finally, a vindoline titre of 266 mg l-1 (88% yield) was reached in an optimized fed-batch bioreactor. This precursor-directed synthesis of vindoline thus paves the way towards future industrial bioproduction through the valorization of abundant tabersonine resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalja Kulagina
- Université de ToursEA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies VégétalesToursFrance
| | - Grégory Guirimand
- Université de ToursEA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies VégétalesToursFrance
- Graduate School of Sciences, Technology and InnovationKobe UniversityKobeJapan
- Le Studium Loire Valley Institute for Advanced StudiesOrléans & ToursFrance
| | - Céline Melin
- Université de ToursEA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies VégétalesToursFrance
| | - Pamela Lemos‐Cruz
- Université de ToursEA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies VégétalesToursFrance
| | - Ines Carqueijeiro
- Université de ToursEA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies VégétalesToursFrance
| | | | - Audrey Oudin
- Université de ToursEA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies VégétalesToursFrance
| | - Vladimir Heredia
- Université de ToursEA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies VégétalesToursFrance
| | | | - Marianne Unlubayir
- Université de ToursEA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies VégétalesToursFrance
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- Université de ToursEA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies VégétalesToursFrance
| | - Nadine Imbault
- Université de ToursEA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies VégétalesToursFrance
| | - Benoit St‐Pierre
- Université de ToursEA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies VégétalesToursFrance
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Université d'AngersEA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte‐PathogèneAngersFrance
| | - Marc Clastre
- Université de ToursEA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies VégétalesToursFrance
| | | | - Jillian Marc
- Université de ToursEA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies VégétalesToursFrance
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- Université de ToursEA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies VégétalesToursFrance
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Université de ToursEA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies VégétalesToursFrance
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27
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Yamamoto K, Grzech D, Koudounas K, Stander EA, Caputi L, Mimura T, Courdavault V, O’Connor SE. Improved virus-induced gene silencing allows discovery of a serpentine synthase gene in Catharanthus roseus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:846-857. [PMID: 34608956 PMCID: PMC8491018 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Specialized metabolites are chemically complex small molecules with a myriad of biological functions. To investigate plant-specialized metabolite biosynthesis more effectively, we developed an improved method for virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). We designed a plasmid that incorporates fragments of both the target gene and knockdown marker gene (phytoene desaturase, PDS), which identifies tissues that have been successfully silenced in planta. To demonstrate the utility of this method, we used the terpenoid indole alkaloid (TIA) pathway in Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) as a model system. Catharanthus roseus is a medicinal plant well known for producing many bioactive compounds, such as vinblastine and vincristine. Our VIGS method enabled the discovery of a previously unknown biosynthetic enzyme, serpentine synthase (SS). This enzyme is a cytochrome P450 (CYP) that produces the β-carboline alkaloids serpentine and alstonine, compounds with strong blue autofluorescence and potential pharmacological activity. The discovery of this enzyme highlights the complexity of TIA biosynthesis and demonstrates the utility of this improved VIGS method for discovering unidentified metabolic enzymes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Yamamoto
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Dagny Grzech
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Koudounas
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, Tours 37200, France
| | - Emily Amor Stander
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, Tours 37200, France
| | - Lorenzo Caputi
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Tetsuro Mimura
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, Tours 37200, France
| | - Sarah E. O’Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany
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Zhao S, Sirasani G, Andrade RB. Aspidosperma and Strychnos alkaloids: Chemistry and biology. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2021; 86:1-143. [PMID: 34565505 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Of Nature's nearly 3000 unique monoterpene indole alkaloids derived from tryptophan, those members belonging to the Aspidosperma and Strychnos families continue to impact the fields of natural products (i.e., isolation, structure determination, biosynthesis) and organic chemistry (i.e., chemical synthesis, methodology development) among others. This review covers the biological activity (Section 2), biosynthesis (Section 3), and synthesis of both classical and novel Aspidosperma (Section 4), Strychnos (Section 5), and selected bis-indole (Section 6) alkaloids. Technological advancements in genetic sequencing and bioinformatics have deepened our understanding of how Nature assembles these intriguing molecules. The proliferation of innovative synthetic strategies and tactics for the synthesis of the alkaloids covered in this review, which include contributions from over fifty research groups from around the world, are a testament to the creative power and technical skills of synthetic organic chemists. To be sure, Nature-the Supreme molecular architect and source of a dazzling array of irresistible chemical logic puzzles-continues to inspire scientists across multiple disciplines and will certainly continue to do so for the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senzhi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Rodrigo B Andrade
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Nguyen TD, Dang TTT. Cytochrome P450 Enzymes as Key Drivers of Alkaloid Chemical Diversification in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:682181. [PMID: 34367208 PMCID: PMC8336426 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.682181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce more than 20,000 nitrogen-containing heterocyclic metabolites called alkaloids. These chemicals serve numerous eco-physiological functions in the plants as well as medicines and psychedelic drugs for human for thousands of years, with the anti-cancer agent vinblastine and the painkiller morphine as the best-known examples. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) play a key role in generating the structural variety that underlies this functional diversity of alkaloids. Most alkaloid molecules are heavily oxygenated thanks to P450 enzymes' activities. Moreover, the formation and re-arrangement of alkaloid scaffolds such as ring formation, expansion, and breakage that contribute to their structural diversity and bioactivity are mainly catalyzed by P450s. The fast-expanding genomics and transcriptomics databases of plants have accelerated the investigation of alkaloid metabolism and many players behind the complexity and uniqueness of alkaloid biosynthetic pathways. Here we discuss recent discoveries of P450s involved in the chemical diversification of alkaloids and how these inform our approaches in understanding plant evolution and producing plant-derived drugs.
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Verma P, Khan SA, Parasharami V, Mathur AK. ZCTs knockdown using antisense LNA GapmeR in specialized photomixotrophic cell suspensions of Catharanthus roseus: Rerouting the flux towards mono and dimeric indole alkaloids. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1437-1453. [PMID: 34366588 PMCID: PMC8295446 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The present study was carried out to silence the transcription factor genes ZCT1, ZCT2 and ZCT3 via lipofectamine based antisense LNA GapmeRs transfection into the protoplasts of established photomixotrophic cell suspensions. The photomixotrophic cell suspensions with a threshold of 0.5% sucrose were raised and established using two-tiered CO2 providing flasks kept under high light intensity. The photomixotrophic cell suspensions showed morphologically different thick-walled cells under scanning electron microscopic analysis in comparison to the simple thin-walled parenchymatous control cell suspensions. The LC-MS analysis registered the vindoline production (0.0004 ± 0.0001 mg/g dry wt.) in photomixotrophic cell suspensions which was found to be absent in control cell suspensions. The protoplasts were isolated from the photomixotrophic cell suspensions and subjected to antisense LNA GapmeRs silencing. Three lines, viz. Z1A, Z2C and Z3G were obtained where complete silencing of ZCT1, ZCT2 and ZCT3 genes, respectively, was observed. The Z3G line was found to show maximum production of vindoline (0.038 ± 0.001 mg/g dry wt.), catharanthine (0.165 ± 0.008 mg/g dry wt.) and vinblastine (0.0036 ± 0.0003 mg/g dry wt.). This was supported by the multifold increment in the gene expression of TDC, SLS, STR, SGD, d4h, dat, CrT16H and Crprx. The present work indicates the master regulation of ZCT3 knockdown among all three ZCTs transcription factors in C. roseus to enhance the terpenoid indole alkaloids production. The successful silencing of transcription repressor genes has been achieved in C. roseus plant system by using photomixotrophic cell cultures through GapmeR based silencing. The present study is a step towards metabolic engineering of the TIAs pathway using protoplast transformation in C. roseus. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01017-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Verma
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Homi Bhabha Road Pashan, Pune, 411008 India
| | - Shamshad Ahmad Khan
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Homi Bhabha Road Pashan, Pune, 411008 India
- Applied Biotechnology Department, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, 411 Sur, Oman
| | - Varsha Parasharami
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Homi Bhabha Road Pashan, Pune, 411008 India
| | - Ajay Kumar Mathur
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), PO-CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015 India
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31
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Lemos Cruz P, Kulagina N, Guirimand G, De Craene JO, Besseau S, Lanoue A, Oudin A, Giglioli-Guivarc’h N, Papon N, Clastre M, Courdavault V. Optimization of Tabersonine Methoxylation to Increase Vindoline Precursor Synthesis in Yeast Cell Factories. Molecules 2021; 26:3596. [PMID: 34208368 PMCID: PMC8231165 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant specialized metabolites are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, including the monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) vinblastine and vincristine, which both display anticancer activity. Both compounds can be obtained through the chemical condensation of their precursors vindoline and catharanthine extracted from leaves of the Madagascar periwinkle. However, the extensive use of these molecules in chemotherapy increases precursor demand and results in recurrent shortages, explaining why the development of alternative production approaches, such microbial cell factories, is mandatory. In this context, the precursor-directed biosynthesis of vindoline from tabersonine in yeast-expressing heterologous biosynthetic genes is of particular interest but has not reached high production scales to date. To circumvent production bottlenecks, the metabolic flux was channeled towards the MIA of interest by modulating the copy number of the first two genes of the vindoline biosynthetic pathway, namely tabersonine 16-hydroxylase and tabersonine-16-O-methyltransferase. Increasing gene copies resulted in an optimized methoxylation of tabersonine and overcame the competition for tabersonine access with the third enzyme of the pathway, tabersonine 3-oxygenase, which exhibits a high substrate promiscuity. Through this approach, we successfully created a yeast strain that produces the fourth biosynthetic intermediate of vindoline without accumulation of other intermediates or undesired side-products. This optimization will probably pave the way towards the future development of yeast cell factories to produce vindoline at an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Lemos Cruz
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (P.L.C.); (N.K.); (G.G.); (J.-O.D.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (A.O.); (N.G.-G.); (M.C.)
| | - Natalja Kulagina
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (P.L.C.); (N.K.); (G.G.); (J.-O.D.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (A.O.); (N.G.-G.); (M.C.)
| | - Grégory Guirimand
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (P.L.C.); (N.K.); (G.G.); (J.-O.D.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (A.O.); (N.G.-G.); (M.C.)
- Graduate School of Sciences, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Le Studium Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, 45000 Orléans & Tours, France
| | - Johan-Owen De Craene
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (P.L.C.); (N.K.); (G.G.); (J.-O.D.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (A.O.); (N.G.-G.); (M.C.)
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (P.L.C.); (N.K.); (G.G.); (J.-O.D.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (A.O.); (N.G.-G.); (M.C.)
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (P.L.C.); (N.K.); (G.G.); (J.-O.D.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (A.O.); (N.G.-G.); (M.C.)
| | - Audrey Oudin
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (P.L.C.); (N.K.); (G.G.); (J.-O.D.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (A.O.); (N.G.-G.); (M.C.)
| | - Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc’h
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (P.L.C.); (N.K.); (G.G.); (J.-O.D.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (A.O.); (N.G.-G.); (M.C.)
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Univ Angers, Univ Brest, GEIHP, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France;
| | - Marc Clastre
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (P.L.C.); (N.K.); (G.G.); (J.-O.D.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (A.O.); (N.G.-G.); (M.C.)
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (P.L.C.); (N.K.); (G.G.); (J.-O.D.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (A.O.); (N.G.-G.); (M.C.)
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Colinas M, Pollier J, Vaneechoutte D, Malat DG, Schweizer F, De Milde L, De Clercq R, Guedes JG, Martínez-Cortés T, Molina-Hidalgo FJ, Sottomayor M, Vandepoele K, Goossens A. Subfunctionalization of Paralog Transcription Factors Contributes to Regulation of Alkaloid Pathway Branch Choice in Catharanthus roseus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:687406. [PMID: 34113373 PMCID: PMC8186833 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.687406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus produces a diverse range of specialized metabolites of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloid (MIA) class in a heavily branched pathway. Recent great progress in identification of MIA biosynthesis genes revealed that the different pathway branch genes are expressed in a highly cell type- and organ-specific and stress-dependent manner. This implies a complex control by specific transcription factors (TFs), only partly revealed today. We generated and mined a comprehensive compendium of publicly available C. roseus transcriptome data for MIA pathway branch-specific TFs. Functional analysis was performed through extensive comparative gene expression analysis and profiling of over 40 MIA metabolites in the C. roseus flower petal expression system. We identified additional members of the known BIS and ORCA regulators. Further detailed study of the ORCA TFs suggests subfunctionalization of ORCA paralogs in terms of target gene-specific regulation and synergistic activity with the central jasmonate response regulator MYC2. Moreover, we identified specific amino acid residues within the ORCA DNA-binding domains that contribute to the differential regulation of some MIA pathway branches. Our results advance our understanding of TF paralog specificity for which, despite the common occurrence of closely related paralogs in many species, comparative studies are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Colinas
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jacob Pollier
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dries Vaneechoutte
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Deniz G. Malat
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fabian Schweizer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth De Milde
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rebecca De Clercq
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joana G. Guedes
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairaão, Portugal
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS–Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Martínez-Cortés
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairaão, Portugal
| | - Francisco J. Molina-Hidalgo
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mariana Sottomayor
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairaão, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Klaas Vandepoele
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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Carqueijeiro I, Koudounas K, Dugé de Bernonville T, Sepúlveda LJ, Mosquera A, Bomzan DP, Oudin A, Lanoue A, Besseau S, Lemos Cruz P, Kulagina N, Stander EA, Eymieux S, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Blanchard E, Clastre M, Atehortùa L, St-Pierre B, Giglioli-Guivarc’h N, Papon N, Nagegowda DA, O’Connor SE, Courdavault V. Alternative splicing creates a pseudo-strictosidine β-d-glucosidase modulating alkaloid synthesis in Catharanthus roseus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:836-856. [PMID: 33793899 PMCID: PMC8133614 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Deglycosylation is a key step in the activation of specialized metabolites involved in plant defense mechanisms. This reaction is notably catalyzed by β-glucosidases of the glycosyl hydrolase 1 (GH1) family such as strictosidine β-d-glucosidase (SGD) from Catharanthus roseus. SGD catalyzes the deglycosylation of strictosidine, forming a highly reactive aglycone involved in the synthesis of cytotoxic monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) and in the crosslinking of aggressor proteins. By exploring C. roseus transcriptomic resources, we identified an alternative splicing event of the SGD gene leading to the formation of a shorter isoform of this enzyme (shSGD) that lacks the last 71-residues and whose transcript ratio with SGD ranges from 1.7% up to 42.8%, depending on organs and conditions. Whereas it completely lacks β-glucosidase activity, shSGD interacts with SGD and causes the disruption of SGD multimers. Such disorganization drastically inhibits SGD activity and impacts downstream MIA synthesis. In addition, shSGD disrupts the metabolic channeling of downstream biosynthetic steps by hampering the recruitment of tetrahydroalstonine synthase in cell nuclei. shSGD thus corresponds to a pseudo-enzyme acting as a regulator of MIA biosynthesis. These data shed light on a peculiar control mechanism of β-glucosidase multimerization, an organization common to many defensive GH1 members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Carqueijeiro
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales,” Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Konstantinos Koudounas
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales,” Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | | | - Liuda Johana Sepúlveda
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales,” Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Universidad de Antioquia, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, 50010 Medellin, Colombia
| | - Angela Mosquera
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales,” Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Universidad de Antioquia, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, 50010 Medellin, Colombia
| | - Dikki Pedenla Bomzan
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | - Audrey Oudin
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales,” Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales,” Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales,” Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Pamela Lemos Cruz
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales,” Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Natalja Kulagina
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales,” Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Emily A Stander
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales,” Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Eymieux
- INSERM U1259, Plateforme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Julien Burlaud-Gaillard
- INSERM U1259, Plateforme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Emmanuelle Blanchard
- INSERM U1259, Plateforme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional de Tours, 37170 Tours, France
| | - Marc Clastre
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales,” Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Lucia Atehortùa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Universidad de Antioquia, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, 50010 Medellin, Colombia
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales,” Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | | | - Nicolas Papon
- EA3142 “Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène,” Université d’Angers, 49035 Angers, France
| | - Dinesh A Nagegowda
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | - Sarah E O’Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales,” Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
- Author for communication:
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A Biolistic-Mediated Virus-Induced Gene Silencing in Apocynaceae to Map Biosynthetic Pathways of Alkaloids. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2172:93-110. [PMID: 32557364 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0751-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) are specialized metabolites synthesized in many plants of the Apocynaceae family including Catharanthus roseus and Rauvolfia sp. MIAs are part of the chemical arsenal that plants evolved to face pet and herbivore attacks, and their high biological activities also confer pharmaceutical properties exploited in human pharmacopeia. Developing robust and straightforward tools to elucidate each step of MIA biosynthetic pathways thus constitutes a prerequisite to the understanding of Apocynaceae defense mechanisms and to the exploitation of MIA cytotoxicity through their production by metabolic engineering. While protocols of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) based on Agrobacterium-based transformation have emerged, the recalcitrance of Apocynaceae to this type of transformation prompted us to develop an universal procedure of VIGS vector inoculation. Such procedure relies on the delivery of the transforming plasmids through a particle bombardment performed using a biolistic device and offers the possibility to overcome host specificity to silence genes in any plant species. Using silencing of geissoschizine oxidase as an example, we described the main steps of this biolistic mediated VIGS in C. roseus and R. tetraphylla.
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Al-Rashed S, Baker A, Ahmad SS, Syed A, Bahkali AH, Elgorban AM, Khan MS. Vincamine, a safe natural alkaloid, represents a novel anticancer agent. Bioorg Chem 2021; 107:104626. [PMID: 33450545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Vincamine, a well-known plant alkaloid, has been used as a dietary supplement and as a peripheral vasodilator to combat aging in humans. In this study, for the very first time, we demonstrated that vincamine can function as an anticancer agent in a human alveolar basal epithelial cell line A549 (IC50 = 309.7 μM). The anticancer potential of vincamine in A549 cells was assessed by molecular assays to determine cell viability, generation of intracellular ROS, nuclear condensation, caspase-3 activity and inhibition, and change in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). In silico studies predicted that the anti-proliferative potential of vincamine is enhanced by its interaction with the apoptotic protein caspase-3, and that this interaction is driven by two hydrogen bonds and has a high free energy of binding (-5.64 kcal/mol) with an estimated association constant (Ka) of 73.67 μM. We found that vincamine stimulated caspase-3-dependent apoptosis and lowered mitochondrial membrane potential, which ultimately led to cytochrome C release. Vincamine was also found to quench hydroxyl free radicals and deplete iron ions in cancer cells. As a dietary supplement, vincamine is almost non-toxic in BEAS-2B and 3T3-L1 cells. Therefore, we propose that vincamine represents a safe anticancer agent in lung cancer cells. Its role in other cancers has yet to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Al-Rashed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abu Baker
- Nanomedicine & Nanobiotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Nanomedicine & Nanobiotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Bahkali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah M Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Sajid Khan
- Nanomedicine & Nanobiotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India; Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, U.P., India.
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36
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Stander EA, Sepúlveda LJ, Dugé de Bernonville T, Carqueijeiro I, Koudounas K, Lemos Cruz P, Besseau S, Lanoue A, Papon N, Giglioli-Guivarc’h N, Dirks R, O’Connor SE, Atehortùa L, Oudin A, Courdavault V. Identifying Genes Involved in alkaloid Biosynthesis in Vinca minor Through Transcriptomics and Gene Co-Expression Analysis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121595. [PMID: 33255314 PMCID: PMC7761029 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The lesser periwinkle Vinca minor accumulates numerous monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) including the vasodilator vincamine. While the biosynthetic pathway of MIAs has been largely elucidated in other Apocynaceae such as Catharanthus roseus, the counterpart in V. minor remains mostly unknown, especially for reactions leading to MIAs specific to this plant. As a consequence, we generated a comprehensive V. minor transcriptome elaborated from eight distinct samples including roots, old and young leaves exposed to low or high light exposure conditions. This optimized resource exhibits an improved completeness compared to already published ones. Through homology-based searches using C. roseus genes as bait, we predicted candidate genes for all common steps of the MIA pathway as illustrated by the cloning of a tabersonine/vincadifformine 16-O-methyltransferase (Vm16OMT) isoform. The functional validation of this enzyme revealed its capacity of methylating 16-hydroxylated derivatives of tabersonine, vincadifformine and lochnericine with a Km 0.94 ± 0.06 µM for 16-hydroxytabersonine. Furthermore, by combining expression of fusions with yellow fluorescent proteins and interaction assays, we established that Vm16OMT is located in the cytosol and forms homodimers. Finally, a gene co-expression network was performed to identify candidate genes of the missing V. minor biosynthetic steps to guide MIA pathway elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Amor Stander
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
| | - Liuda Johana Sepúlveda
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Antioquia Medellin 050021, Colombia;
| | - Thomas Dugé de Bernonville
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
| | - Inês Carqueijeiro
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
| | - Konstantinos Koudounas
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
| | - Pamela Lemos Cruz
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Study Group (GEIHP, EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, 49933 Angers, France;
| | - Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc’h
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
| | - Ron Dirks
- Future Genomics Technologies, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Sarah Ellen O’Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Lucia Atehortùa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Antioquia Medellin 050021, Colombia;
| | - Audrey Oudin
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (V.C.)
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37
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Fraser VN, Philmus B, Megraw M. Metabolomics analysis reveals both plant variety and choice of hormone treatment modulate vinca alkaloid production in Catharanthus roseus. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00267. [PMID: 33005857 PMCID: PMC7520646 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus produces numerous secondary metabolites of interest for the treatment of many diseases - most notably for the terpene indole alkaloid (TIA) vinblastine, which is used in the treatment of leukemia and Hodgkin's lymphoma. Historically, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has been used to induce TIA production, but in the past, this has only been investigated in whole seedlings, cell culture, or hairy root culture. This study examines the effects of the phytohormones MeJA and ethylene on the induction of TIA biosynthesis and accumulation in the shoots and roots of 8-day-old seedlings of two varieties of C. roseus. Using LCMS and RT-qPCR, we demonstrate the importance of variety selection, as we observe markedly different induction patterns of important TIA precursor compounds. Additionally, both phytohormone choice and concentration have significant effects on TIA biosynthesis. Finally, our study suggests that several early-induction pathway steps as well as pathway-specific genes are likely to be transcriptionally regulated. Our findings highlight the need for a complete set of'omics resources in commonly used C. roseus varieties and the need for caution when extrapolating results from one cultivar to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie N. Fraser
- Molecular and Cellular Biology ProgramOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
- Department of Botany and Plant PathologyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Benjamin Philmus
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
- Center for Genome Research and BiocomputingOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Molly Megraw
- Department of Botany and Plant PathologyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
- Center for Genome Research and BiocomputingOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
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38
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Walia M, Teijaro CN, Gardner A, Tran T, Kang J, Zhao S, O'Connor SE, Courdavault V, Andrade RB. Synthesis of (-)-Melodinine K: A Case Study of Efficiency in Natural Product Synthesis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2425-2433. [PMID: 32786883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Efficiency is a key organizing principle in modern natural product synthesis. Practical criteria include time, cost, and effort expended to synthesize the target, which tracks with step-count and scale. The execution of a natural product synthesis, that is, the sum and identity of each reaction employed therein, falls along a continuum of chemical (abiotic) synthesis on one extreme, followed by the hybrid chemoenzymatic approach, and ultimately biological (biosynthesis) on the other, acknowledging the first synthesis belongs to Nature. Starting materials also span a continuum of structural complexity approaching the target with constituent elements on one extreme, followed by petroleum-derived and "chiral pool" building blocks, and complex natural products (i.e., semisynthesis) on the other. Herein, we detail our approach toward realizing the first synthesis of (-)-melodinine K, a complex bis-indole alkaloid. The total syntheses of monomers (-)-tabersonine and (-)-16-methoxytabersonine employing our domino Michael/Mannich annulation is described. Isolation of (-)-tabersonine from Voacanga africana and strategic biotransformation with tabersonine 16-hydroxylase for site-specific C-H oxidation enabled a scalable route. The Polonovski-Potier reaction was employed in biomimetic fragment coupling. Subsequent manipulations delivered the target. We conclude with a discussion of efficiency in natural products synthesis and how chemical and biological technologies define the synthetic frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Walia
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Christiana N Teijaro
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Alex Gardner
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Thi Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Jinfeng Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Senzhi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Université de Tours, Tours 37200, France
| | - Rodrigo B Andrade
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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Dugé de Bernonville T, Maury S, Delaunay A, Daviaud C, Chaparro C, Tost J, O’Connor SE, Courdavault V. Developmental Methylome of the Medicinal Plant Catharanthus roseus Unravels the Tissue-Specific Control of the Monoterpene Indole Alkaloid Pathway by DNA Methylation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6028. [PMID: 32825765 PMCID: PMC7503379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus produces a wide spectrum of monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs). MIA biosynthesis requires a tightly coordinated pathway involving more than 30 enzymatic steps that are spatio-temporally and environmentally regulated so that some MIAs specifically accumulate in restricted plant parts. The first regulatory layer involves a complex network of transcription factors from the basic Helix Loop Helix (bHLH) or AP2 families. In the present manuscript, we investigated whether an additional epigenetic layer could control the organ-, developmental- and environmental-specificity of MIA accumulation. We used Whole-Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS) together with RNA-seq to identify differentially methylated and expressed genes among nine samples reflecting different plant organs and experimental conditions. Tissue specific gene expression was associated with specific methylation signatures depending on cytosine contexts and gene parts. Some genes encoding key enzymatic steps from the MIA pathway were found to be simultaneously differentially expressed and methylated in agreement with the corresponding MIA accumulation. In addition, we found that transcription factors were strikingly concerned by DNA methylation variations. Altogether, our integrative analysis supports an epigenetic regulation of specialized metabolisms in plants and more likely targeting transcription factors which in turn may control the expression of enzyme-encoding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dugé de Bernonville
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-37200 Tours, France;
| | - Stéphane Maury
- INRA, EA1207 USC1328 Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, F-45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Alain Delaunay
- INRA, EA1207 USC1328 Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, F-45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Christian Daviaud
- Laboratoire Epigénétique et Environnement, LEE, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, F-92265 Evry, France; (C.D.); (J.T.)
| | - Cristian Chaparro
- CNRS, IFREMER, UMR5244 Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnments, Université de Montpellier, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France;
| | - Jörg Tost
- Laboratoire Epigénétique et Environnement, LEE, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, F-92265 Evry, France; (C.D.); (J.T.)
| | - Sarah Ellen O’Connor
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, F-37200 Tours, France;
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40
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Back to the plant: overcoming roadblocks to the microbial production of pharmaceutically important plant natural products. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 47:815-828. [PMID: 32772209 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-020-02300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fermentation platforms offer a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to plant cultivation and chemical synthesis for the production of many plant-derived pharmaceuticals. Plant alkaloids, particularly benzylisoquinoline alkaloids and monoterpene indole alkaloids, and recently cannabinoids have become attractive targets for microbial biosynthesis owing to their medicinal importance. Recent advances in the discovery of pathway components, together with the application of synthetic biology tools, have facilitated the assembly of plant alkaloid and cannabinoid pathways in the microbial hosts Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This review highlights key aspects of these pathways in the framework of overcoming bottlenecks in microbial production to further improve end-product titers. We discuss the opportunities that emerge from a better understanding of the pathway components by further study of the plant, and strategies for generation of new and advanced medicinal compounds.
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Guirimand G, Guihur A, Perello C, Phillips M, Mahroug S, Oudin A, Dugé de Bernonville T, Besseau S, Lanoue A, Giglioli-Guivarc’h N, Papon N, St-Pierre B, Rodríguez-Concepcíon M, Burlat V, Courdavault V. Cellular and Subcellular Compartmentation of the 2 C-Methyl-D-Erythritol 4-Phosphate Pathway in the Madagascar Periwinkle. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E462. [PMID: 32272573 PMCID: PMC7238098 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) synthesizes the highly valuable monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) through a long metabolic route initiated by the 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. In leaves, a complex compartmentation of the MIA biosynthetic pathway occurs at both the cellular and subcellular levels, notably for some gene products of the MEP pathway. To get a complete overview of the pathway organization, we cloned four genes encoding missing enzymes involved in the MEP pathway before conducting a systematic analysis of transcript distribution and protein subcellular localization. RNA in situ hybridization revealed that all MEP pathway genes were coordinately and mainly expressed in internal phloem-associated parenchyma of young leaves, reinforcing the role of this tissue in MIA biosynthesis. At the subcellular level, transient cell transformation and expression of fluorescent protein fusions showed that all MEP pathway enzymes were targeted to plastids. Surprisingly, two isoforms of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase initially exhibited an artifactual aggregated pattern of localization due to high protein accumulation. Immunogold combined with transmission electron microscopy, transient transformations performed with a low amount of transforming DNA and fusion/deletion experiments established that both enzymes were rather diffuse in stroma and stromules of plastids as also observed for the last six enzymes of the pathway. Taken together, these results provide new insights into a potential role of stromules in enhancing MIA precursor exchange with other cell compartments to favor metabolic fluxes towards the MIA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Guirimand
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA 2106, Département of Agronomie, productions animale et végétale et agro-alimentaire, Université de Tours, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (G.G.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.O.); (T.D.d.B.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.); (B.S.-P.)
- Graduate School of Science, Technology & Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Anthony Guihur
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA 2106, Département of Agronomie, productions animale et végétale et agro-alimentaire, Université de Tours, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (G.G.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.O.); (T.D.d.B.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.); (B.S.-P.)
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catalina Perello
- Program of Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (C.P.); (M.R.-C.)
| | - Michael Phillips
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto–Mississauga, Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, ON L5L 1C6, Canada;
| | - Samira Mahroug
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA 2106, Département of Agronomie, productions animale et végétale et agro-alimentaire, Université de Tours, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (G.G.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.O.); (T.D.d.B.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.); (B.S.-P.)
- Department of Environment Sciences, University of Sidi-Bel-Abbes, 22000 Sidi Bel Abbès, Algeria
| | - Audrey Oudin
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA 2106, Département of Agronomie, productions animale et végétale et agro-alimentaire, Université de Tours, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (G.G.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.O.); (T.D.d.B.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.); (B.S.-P.)
| | - Thomas Dugé de Bernonville
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA 2106, Département of Agronomie, productions animale et végétale et agro-alimentaire, Université de Tours, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (G.G.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.O.); (T.D.d.B.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.); (B.S.-P.)
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA 2106, Département of Agronomie, productions animale et végétale et agro-alimentaire, Université de Tours, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (G.G.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.O.); (T.D.d.B.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.); (B.S.-P.)
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA 2106, Département of Agronomie, productions animale et végétale et agro-alimentaire, Université de Tours, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (G.G.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.O.); (T.D.d.B.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.); (B.S.-P.)
| | - Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc’h
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA 2106, Département of Agronomie, productions animale et végétale et agro-alimentaire, Université de Tours, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (G.G.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.O.); (T.D.d.B.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.); (B.S.-P.)
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Groupe d’Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP, EA 3142), SFR ICAT 4208, Université d’Angers, UNIV. Brest, F-49333 Angers, France;
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA 2106, Département of Agronomie, productions animale et végétale et agro-alimentaire, Université de Tours, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (G.G.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.O.); (T.D.d.B.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.); (B.S.-P.)
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Concepcíon
- Program of Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (C.P.); (M.R.-C.)
| | - Vincent Burlat
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France;
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, EA 2106, Département of Agronomie, productions animale et végétale et agro-alimentaire, Université de Tours, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (G.G.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (A.O.); (T.D.d.B.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.); (B.S.-P.)
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Yamamoto K, Takahashi K, Caputi L, Mizuno H, Rodriguez-Lopez CE, Iwasaki T, Ishizaki K, Fukaki H, Ohnishi M, Yamazaki M, Masujima T, O'Connor SE, Mimura T. The complexity of intercellular localisation of alkaloids revealed by single-cell metabolomics. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:848-859. [PMID: 31436868 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus is a medicinal plant well known for producing bioactive compounds such as vinblastine and vincristine, which are classified as terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs). Although the leaves of this plant are the main source of these antitumour drugs, much remains unknown on how TIAs are biosynthesised from a central precursor, strictosidine, to various TIAs in planta. Here, we have succeeded in showing, for the first time in leaf tissue of C. roseus, cell-specific TIAs localisation and accumulation with 10 μm spatial resolution Imaging mass spectrometry (Imaging MS) and live single-cell mass spectrometry (single-cell MS). These metabolomic studies revealed that most TIA precursors (iridoids) are localised in the epidermal cells, but major TIAs including serpentine and vindoline are localised instead in idioblast cells. Interestingly, the central TIA intermediate strictosidine also accumulates in both epidermal and idioblast cells of C. roseus. Moreover, we also found that vindoline accumulation increases in laticifer cells as the leaf expands. These discoveries highlight the complexity of intercellular localisation in plant specialised metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Yamamoto
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Katsutoshi Takahashi
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Koutou-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan
| | - Lorenzo Caputi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Hajime Mizuno
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Carlos E Rodriguez-Lopez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Tetsushi Iwasaki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kimitsune Ishizaki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Fukaki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Miwa Ohnishi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Mami Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masujima
- Quantitative Biology Centre (QBiC), RIKEN, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Tetsuro Mimura
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
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Zhong Z, Liu S, Zhu W, Ou Y, Yamaguchi H, Hitachi K, Tsuchida K, Tian J, Komatsu S. Phosphoproteomics Reveals the Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites in Catharanthus roseus under Ultraviolet-B Radiation. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3328-3341. [PMID: 31356092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation acts as an elicitor to enhance the production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. To investigate the mechanisms, which lead to secondary metabolites in Catharanthus roseus under UVB radiation, a phosphoproteomic technique was used. ATP content increased in the leaves of C. roseus under UVB radiation. Phosphoproteins related to calcium such as calmodulin, calcium-dependent kinase, and heat shock proteins increased. Phosphoproteins related to protein synthesis/modification/degradation and signaling intensively changed. Metabolomic analysis indicated that the metabolites classified with pentoses, aromatic amino acids, and phenylpropanoids accumulated under UVB radiation. Phosphoproteomic and immunoblot analyses indicated that proteins related to glycolysis and the reactive-oxygen species scavenging system were changed under UVB radiation. These results suggest that UVB radiation activates the calcium-related pathway and reactive-oxygen species scavenging system in C. roseus. These changes lead to the upregulation of proteins, which are responsible for the redox reactions in secondary metabolism and are important for the accumulation of secondary metabolites in C. roseus under UVB radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoheng Zhong
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China.,Faculty of Life and Environmental and Information Sciences , Fukui University of Technology , Fukui 910-8505 , Japan
| | - Shengzhi Liu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
| | - Yuting Ou
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
| | - Hisateru Yamaguchi
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science , Fujita Health University , Toyoake 470-1192 , Japan
| | - Keisuke Hitachi
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science , Fujita Health University , Toyoake 470-1192 , Japan
| | - Kunihiro Tsuchida
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science , Fujita Health University , Toyoake 470-1192 , Japan
| | - Jingkui Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Faculty of Life and Environmental and Information Sciences , Fukui University of Technology , Fukui 910-8505 , Japan
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Liu Y, Patra B, Pattanaik S, Wang Y, Yuan L. GATA and Phytochrome Interacting Factor Transcription Factors Regulate Light-Induced Vindoline Biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:1336-1350. [PMID: 31123092 PMCID: PMC6752914 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus is the exclusive source of an array of terpenoid indole alkaloids including the anticancer drugs vincristine and vinblastine, derived from the coupling of catharanthine and vindoline. Leaf-synthesized vindoline is regulated by light. A seven-step enzymatic process is involved in the sequential conversion of tabersonine to vindoline; however, the regulatory mechanism controlling the expression of genes encoding these enzymes has not been elucidated. Here, we identified CrGATA1, an Leu-Leu-Met domain GATA transcription factor that regulates light-induced vindoline biosynthesis in C. roseus seedlings. Expression of CrGATA1 and the vindoline pathway genes T16H2, T3O, T3R, D4H, and DAT was significantly induced by light. In addition, CrGATA1 activated the promoters of five light-responsive vindoline pathway genes in plant cells. Two GATC motifs in the D4H promoter were critical for CrGATA1-mediated transactivation. Transient overexpression of CrGATA1 in C. roseus seedlings resulted in up-regulation of vindoline pathway genes and increased vindoline accumulation. Conversely, virus-induced gene silencing of CrGATA1 in young C. roseus leaves significantly repressed key vindoline pathway genes and reduced vindoline accumulation. Furthermore, we showed that a C. roseus Phytochrome Interacting Factor, CrPIF1, is a repressor of CrGATA1 and vindoline biosynthesis. Transient overexpression or virus-induced gene silencing of CrPIF1 in C. roseus seedlings altered CrGATA1 and vindoline pathway gene expression in the dark. CrPIF1 repressed CrGATA1 and DAT promoter activity by binding to G/E-box/PBE elements. Our findings reveal a regulatory module involving Phytochrome Interacting Factor -GATA that governs light-mediated biosynthesis of specialized metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China 510650
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Barunava Patra
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Sitakanta Pattanaik
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China 510650
| | - Ling Yuan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China 510650
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
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Franke J, Kim J, Hamilton JP, Zhao D, Pham GM, Wiegert-Rininger K, Crisovan E, Newton L, Vaillancourt B, Tatsis E, Buell CR, O'Connor SE. Gene Discovery in Gelsemium Highlights Conserved Gene Clusters in Monoterpene Indole Alkaloid Biosynthesis. Chembiochem 2019; 20:83-87. [PMID: 30300974 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Genome mining is a routine technique in microbes for discovering biosynthetic pathways. In plants, however, genomic information is not commonly used to identify novel biosynthesis genes. Here, we present the genome of the medicinal plant and oxindole monoterpene indole alkaloid (MIA) producer Gelsemium sempervirens (Gelsemiaceae). A gene cluster from Catharanthus roseus, which is utilized at least six enzymatic steps downstream from the last common intermediate shared between the two plant alkaloid types, is found in G. sempervirens, although the corresponding enzymes act on entirely different substrates. This study provides insights into the common genomic context of MIA pathways and is an important milestone in the further elucidation of the Gelsemium oxindole alkaloid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Franke
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Jeongwoon Kim
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - John P Hamilton
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Dongyan Zhao
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Gina M Pham
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | | | - Emily Crisovan
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Linsey Newton
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Brieanne Vaillancourt
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Evangelos Tatsis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - C Robin Buell
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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46
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Qu Y, Safonova O, De Luca V. Completion of the canonical pathway for assembly of anticancer drugs vincristine/vinblastine in Catharanthus roseus. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:257-266. [PMID: 30256480 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The important anticancer drugs, vinblastine, vincristine and analogs, are composed of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), catharanthine and vindoline, found uniquely in the medicinal plant, Catharanthus roseus. While 26 genes involved in the assembly of these two MIAs are known, two key reactions have eluded characterization to complete the documentation of the vinblastine pathway in this plant species. The assembly of these dimeric MIAs requires O-acetylstemmadenine oxidase (ASO) and a dual function geissoschizine synthase (GS) that reduces cathenamine to form geissoschizine, and that also reduces the ASO product to form a common intermediate for subsequent conversion by four separate hydrolases to catharanthine, tabersonine or vincadifformine, respectively. The in planta role of ASO is supported by identifying a single amino acid-substituted ASO mutant with very low enzyme activity and by virus-induced gene silencing of ASO to produce plants that accumulate O-acetylstemmadenine rather than catharanthine and vindoline found in wild-type (WT) plants. The in planta role of GS is supported by showing that a low GS-expressing mutant accumulating lower levels of catharanthine and vindoline also displays significantly lower tabersonine-forming activity in coupled enzyme assays than in the WT background. Gene expression analyses demonstrate that both ASO and GS are highly enriched in the leaf epidermis where the pathways for catharanthine and tabersonine biosynthesis are expressed. The full elucidation of this canonical pathway enables synthetic biology approaches for manufacturing a broad range of MIAs, including these dimers used in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock way, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Olga Safonova
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock way, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock way, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
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Nguyen HC, Lin KH, Ho SL, Chiang CM, Yang CM. Enhancing the abiotic stress tolerance of plants: from chemical treatment to biotechnological approaches. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 164:452-466. [PMID: 30054915 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses affect crop plants and cause decreases in plant quality and productivity. Plants can overcome environmental stresses by activating molecular networks, including signal transduction, stress perception, metabolite production and expressions of specific stress-related genes. Recent research suggests that chemical priming is a promising field in crop stress management because plants can be primed by chemical agents to increase their tolerance to various environmental stresses. We present a concept to meet this objective and protect plants through priming of existing defense mechanisms avoiding manipulation of the genome. In addition, recent developments in plant molecular biology include the discovery of genes related to stress tolerance, including functional genes for protecting cells and regulatory genes for regulating stress responses. Therefore, enhancing abiotic stress tolerance using a transgenic approach to transfer these genes into plant genomes has attracted more investigations. Both chemical priming agents and genetic engineering can enhance regulatory and functional genes in plants and increase stress tolerance of plants. This review summarizes the latest findings of chemical priming agents and major achievements in molecular approaches that can potentially enhance the abiotic stress tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-Chinh Nguyen
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Lon Ho
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 600, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Chiang
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Yang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
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48
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Carqueijeiro I, Brown S, Chung K, Dang TT, Walia M, Besseau S, Dugé de Bernonville T, Oudin A, Lanoue A, Billet K, Munsch T, Koudounas K, Melin C, Godon C, Razafimandimby B, de Craene JO, Glévarec G, Marc J, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Clastre M, St-Pierre B, Papon N, Andrade RB, O'Connor SE, Courdavault V. Two Tabersonine 6,7-Epoxidases Initiate Lochnericine-Derived Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:1473-1486. [PMID: 29934299 PMCID: PMC6084683 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Lochnericine is a major monoterpene indole alkaloid (MIA) in the roots of Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus). Lochnericine is derived from the stereoselective C6,C7-epoxidation of tabersonine and can be metabolized further to generate other complex MIAs. While the enzymes responsible for its downstream modifications have been characterized, those involved in lochnericine biosynthesis remain unknown. By combining gene correlation studies, functional assays, and transient gene inactivation, we identified two highly conserved P450s that efficiently catalyze the epoxidation of tabersonine: tabersonine 6,7-epoxidase isoforms 1 and 2 (TEX1 and TEX2). Both proteins are quite divergent from the previously characterized tabersonine 2,3-epoxidase and are more closely related to tabersonine 16-hydroxylase, involved in vindoline biosynthesis in leaves. Biochemical characterization of TEX1/2 revealed their strict substrate specificity for tabersonine and their inability to epoxidize 19-hydroxytabersonine, indicating that they catalyze the first step in the pathway leading to hörhammericine production. TEX1 and TEX2 displayed complementary expression profiles, with TEX1 expressed mainly in roots and TEX2 in aerial organs. Our results suggest that TEX1 and TEX2 originated from a gene duplication event and later acquired divergent, organ-specific regulatory elements for lochnericine biosynthesis throughout the plant, as supported by the presence of lochnericine in flowers. Finally, through the sequential expression of TEX1 and up to four other MIA biosynthetic genes in yeast, we reconstituted the 19-acetylhörhammericine biosynthetic pathway and produced tailor-made MIAs by mixing enzymatic modules that are naturally spatially separated in the plant. These results lay the groundwork for the metabolic engineering of tabersonine/lochnericine derivatives of pharmaceutical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Carqueijeiro
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France
| | - Stephanie Brown
- John Innes Centre, Department of Biological Chemistry, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Khoa Chung
- John Innes Centre, Department of Biological Chemistry, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Thu-Thuy Dang
- John Innes Centre, Department of Biological Chemistry, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Manish Walia
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France
| | | | - Audrey Oudin
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France
| | - Kevin Billet
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France
| | - Thibaut Munsch
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France
| | - Konstantinos Koudounas
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France
| | - Céline Melin
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France
| | - Charlotte Godon
- Université d'Angers, EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Angers, F-49933, France
| | - Bienvenue Razafimandimby
- Université d'Angers, EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Angers, F-49933, France
| | - Johan-Owen de Craene
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France
| | - Gaëlle Glévarec
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France
| | - Jillian Marc
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France
| | | | - Marc Clastre
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Université d'Angers, EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Angers, F-49933, France
| | - Rodrigo B Andrade
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- John Innes Centre, Department of Biological Chemistry, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom sarah.o'
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France sarah.o'
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Smedley CJ, Stanley PA, Qazzaz ME, Prota AE, Olieric N, Collins H, Eastman H, Barrow AS, Lim KH, Kam TS, Smith BJ, Duivenvoorden HM, Parker BS, Bradshaw TD, Steinmetz MO, Moses JE. Sustainable Syntheses of (-)-Jerantinines A & E and Structural Characterisation of the Jerantinine-Tubulin Complex at the Colchicine Binding Site. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10617. [PMID: 30006510 PMCID: PMC6045569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28880-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The jerantinine family of Aspidosperma indole alkaloids from Tabernaemontana corymbosa are potent microtubule-targeting agents with broad spectrum anticancer activity. The natural supply of these precious metabolites has been significantly disrupted due to the inclusion of T. corymbosa on the endangered list of threatened species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. This report describes the asymmetric syntheses of (-)-jerantinines A and E from sustainably sourced (-)-tabersonine, using a straight-forward and robust biomimetic approach. Biological investigations of synthetic (-)-jerantinine A, along with molecular modelling and X-ray crystallography studies of the tubulin-(-)-jerantinine B acetate complex, advocate an anticancer mode of action of the jerantinines operating via microtubule disruption resulting from binding at the colchicine site. This work lays the foundation for accessing useful quantities of enantiomerically pure jerantinine alkaloids for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Smedley
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Paul A Stanley
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Mohannad E Qazzaz
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Andrea E Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Natacha Olieric
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Hilary Collins
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Harry Eastman
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Andrew S Barrow
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Kuan-Hon Lim
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Toh-Seok Kam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Brian J Smith
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | | | - Belinda S Parker
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Tracey D Bradshaw
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Biozentrum, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - John E Moses
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.
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50
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An engineered combinatorial module of transcription factors boosts production of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus. Metab Eng 2018; 48:150-162. [PMID: 29852273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To fend off microbial pathogens and herbivores, plants have evolved a wide range of defense strategies such as physical barriers, or the production of anti-digestive proteins or bioactive specialized metabolites. Accumulation of the latter compounds is often regulated by transcriptional activation of the biosynthesis pathway genes by the phytohormone jasmonate-isoleucine. Here, we used our recently developed flower petal transformation method in the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus to shed light on the complex regulatory mechanisms steering the jasmonate-modulated biosynthesis of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), to which the anti-cancer compounds vinblastine and vincristine belong. By combinatorial overexpression of the transcriptional activators BIS1, ORCA3 and MYC2a, we provide an unprecedented insight into the modular transcriptional control of MIA biosynthesis. Furthermore, we show that the expression of an engineered de-repressed MYC2a triggers a tremendous reprogramming of the MIA pathway, finally leading to massively increased accumulation of at least 23 MIAs. The current study unveils an innovative approach for future metabolic engineering efforts for the production of valuable bioactive plant compounds in non-model plants.
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