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Lee SW, Hahn TR. Light-regulated differential expression of pea chloroplast and cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatases. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2003; 21:611-8. [PMID: 12789438 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-002-0563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2002] [Revised: 10/30/2002] [Accepted: 11/02/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The light-regulated differential expression of pea chloroplast and cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatases (FBPase) was investigated using enzyme activity assay, immunoblot, and Northern blot analyses. The enzyme activities of both chloroplast and cytosolic FBPases gradually increased under continuous white light illumination, although the increase in chloroplast FBPase was more drastic. Northern and immunoblot analyses also indicated that light stimulated the expression of both enzymes. Enzyme activity and the transcript levels of both enzymes gradually decreased under the dark treatment, although protein levels were unchanged for up to 24 h following the initiation of culture in the dark, indicating that reversible modifications of the enzymes may occur during the transition from light to dark (or the reverse). Light pulse experiments using blue (420 nm) and red/far-red (660/730 nm) light were carried out to analyze the photoreceptors related to the light-mediated expression of both enzymes. Expression of the chloroplast enzyme was very sensitive to red or far-red light pulses-it was induced by red light, but suppressed by far-red light pulses, as determined by enzyme activity, immunoblot, and Northern blot analyses, suggesting that red light signaling is involved in the control of chloroplast FBPase expression. However, cytosolic FBPase was virtually insensitive to blue or red/far-red light pulses in terms of enzyme activity, as determined by protein and transcript levels, indicating that cytosolic enzyme expression is not directly regulated by light signals. Instead, the expression of the cytosolic enzyme may be closely related to photosynthetic energy conversion accompanied by continuous white light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-W Lee
- Plant Metabolism Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 449-701 Suwon, Korea
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Lee SW, Hahn TR. Two light-responsive elements of pea chloroplastic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase gene involved in the red-light-specific gene expression in transgenic tobaccos. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1579:8-17. [PMID: 12401214 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(02)00498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The pea chloroplast fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) gene was cloned from a pea genomic library and sequenced. The gene contained three introns and four exons. Both in vitro and in vivo analyses of the promoter region of the gene were carried out simultaneously to elucidate the mechanisms of light-mediated gene expression. Two light-responsive elements were identified in gel mobility shift assays: a GT-1-like sequence for the binding of a GT-1-like factor (termed pea factor 1; PF1) and a binding site for a dark-specific factor (termed pea factor 2; PF2). The binding affinity of PF1 was higher in light-grown peas than in dark-grown peas and was affected by phosphorylation. The binding site was located at nucleotides (nt) -326 to -341. PF2 binding was dark-specific and the binding region was located upstream of the PF1-binding site (nt -492 to -412). In vivo experiments with transgenic tobacco plants suggested that the region between nt -411 and -272 contained a PF1-binding site that promoted light-mediated expression of the pea chloroplast FBPase. In contrast, the 81-bp region between nt -492 and -412, which is located further upstream than the PF1-binding site, negatively regulated light-mediated expression of FBPase. Moreover, activation of gene expression by the region (nt -411 to -272) contained a PF1-binding site that was sensitive to red-light irradiation, suggesting that the expression of the chloroplast FBPase was regulated by the phytochrome system. Interestingly, the binding region for the dark-specific factor (PF2; nt -492 to -412) not only repressed gene expression in the dark, but also acted as a light-dependent activating element of the chloroplast FBPase gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Won Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Plant Metabolism Research Center and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 449-701, South Korea
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Chueca A, Sahrawy M, Pagano EA, López Gorgé J. Chloroplast fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase: structure and function. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2002; 74:235-49. [PMID: 16245135 DOI: 10.1023/a:1021243110495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Redox regulation of photosynthetic enzymes has been a preferred research topic in recent years. In this area chloroplast fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase is probably the most extensively studied target enzyme of the CO(2) assimilation pathway. This review analyzes the structure, biosynthesis, phylogeny, action mechanism, regulation and kinetics of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in the light of recent findings on structure-function relationship, and from a molecular biology viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Chueca
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Prof. Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain,
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Daie J. Cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase: A key enzyme in the sucrose biosynthetic pathway. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1993; 38:5-14. [PMID: 24317825 DOI: 10.1007/bf00015056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/1993] [Accepted: 06/29/1993] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fructose-1,6 bisphosphatase (FBPase) is a ubiquitous enzyme controlling a key reaction. In non-photosynthetic tissues, it regulates the rate of gluconeogenesis. In photosynthetic tissues, two FBPase isozymes (chloroplastic and cytosolic) play key roles in carbon assimilation and metabolism. The cytosolic FBPase is one of the regulatory enzymes in the sucrose biosynthetic pathway - its activity is regulated by both fine and coarse control mechanisms. Kinetic and allosteric properties of the plant cytosolic FBPase are remarkably similar to the mammalian and yeast FBPase, but differ greatly from those of the chloroplastic FBPase. Cytosolic FBPase is relatively conserved among various organisms both at amino acid and nucleotide sequence levels. There is slightly higher similarity between mammalian FBPase and plant cytosolic FBPase than there is between the two plant FBPases. Expression of plant cytosolic FBPase gene is developmentally regulated and appears to be coordinated with the expression of Rubisco and other carbon metabolism enzymes. Similar to the gluconeogenic FBPase, relatively rapid end product repression of FBPase gene occurs in plant. However, unlike the gluconeogenic FBPase, a concurrent decline in plant FBPase activity does not occur in response to increased end product levels. The physiological significance of FBPase gene repression, therefore, remains unclear in plants. Both expression and activity of the cytosolic FBPase are regulated by environmental factors such as light and drought conditions. Light-dependent modulation of FBPase activity in plants appears to involve some type of posttranslational modification. In addition to elucidating the exact nature of the presumed posttranslational modification, cloning of genomic and upstream sequences is needed before we fully understand the molecular regulation of the cytosolic FBPase in plants. Use of transgenic plants with altered rates of FBPase activity offers potential for enhanced crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Daie
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Birge Hall, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
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Sahrawy M, Chueca A, Hermoso R, Lázaro JJ, López Gorgé J. In-vivo and in-vitro synthesis of photosynthetic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase from pea (Pisum sativum L.). PLANTA 1990; 182:319-324. [PMID: 24197181 DOI: 10.1007/bf02411381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/1989] [Accepted: 03/26/1990] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Etiolated pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Lincoln) seedlings do not show any capability for the biosynthesis of chloroplast fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), but the rate of biosynthesis of the increases with the pre-illumination time. This light-induced FBPase synthesis appears to be regulated at the transcriptional level, the response of young leaves being greater than that of mature ones. In-vivo labelling experiments demonstrated by immunoprecipitation, followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis and fluorography, the presence of a 49-kilodalton (kDa) band which corresponds to the mature FBPase subunit. In-vitro translation experiments with a wheat-germ synthesizing system and polyadenylated mRNA isolated from illuminated young pea seedlings have demonstrated the appearance of a 59-kDa labelled band corresponding to the precursor of the FBPase basic subunit. When intact pea chloroplasts were added to the above in-vitro incubation mixture, a labelled 49-kDa subunit similar to that of the in-vivo experiments appeared in the organelle under illumination. From these results we can conclude that a 10-kDa transit peptide bound to the translated pea FBPase subunit exists in the cytosol; this transit peptide is lost during passage through the chloroplast envelope, leaving the mature subunit inside the organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sahrawy
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008, Granada, Spain
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Abstract
The amino acid sequence of the spinach chloroplast fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) subunit has been determined. Placement of the 358 residues in the polypeptide chain was based on automated Edman degradation of the intact protein and of peptides obtained by enzymatic or chemical cleavage. The sequence of spinach chloroplast FBPase shows clear homology (ca. 40%) to gluconeogenic (mammalian, yeast, and Escherichia coli) fructose-1,6-bisphosphatases and 80% homology with the wheat chloroplast enzyme. The two chloroplast enzymes show near the middle of the structure a unique sequence insert probably involved in light-dependent regulation of the chloroplast FBPase enzyme activity. This sequence insert contains two cysteines separated by only 4 amino acid residues, a characteristic feature of some enzymes containing redox-active cysteines. The recent X-ray crystallographic resolution of pig kidney FBPase (H. Ke, C. M. Thorpe, B. A. Seaton, F. Marcus, and W. N. Lipscomb, 1989, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 1475-1479) has allowed the discussion of the amino acid sequence of spinach chloroplast FBPase in structural terms. It is to be noted that most of pig kidney FBPase residues shown to be either at (or close to) the sugar bisphosphate binding site or located at the negatively charged metal binding pocket are conserved in the chloroplast enzyme. The unique chloroplast FBPase insert presumably involved in light-dependent activation of the enzyme via a thioredoxin-linked mechanism can be accommodated in the surface of the FBPase molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Marcus
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Structure, University of Health Sciences, Chicago Medical School
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Sibley MH, Anderson LE. Light/Dark modulation of enzyme activity in developing barley leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1989; 91:1620-4. [PMID: 16667226 PMCID: PMC1062231 DOI: 10.1104/pp.91.4.1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Light/dark modulation of the ribulose-5-phosphate kinase, NADP(+)-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and fructose- 1,6-bisphosphatase activity was measured in the developing primary leaf of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings. Ribulose-5-phosphate kinase and NADP(+) -glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were fully light activated even at the earliest developmental stage sampled. In contrast, light modulation of fructose- 1,6-bisphosphatase exhibited a complex response to leaf developmental status. Light stimulation of fructose- 1,6-bisphosphatase activity (measured at pH 8.0) increased progressively during leaf development. On the other hand, acid fructose- 1,6-bisphosphatase activity (measured at pH 6.0) was inhibited by light, and this light inhibition was greater in the base of the leaf than in the tip of the leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Sibley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Box 4348, Chicago, Illinois 60680
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Hermoso R, de Felipe MR, Vivó A, Chueca A, Lázaro JJ, Gorge JL. Immunogold localization of photosynthetic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in pea leaf tissue. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1989; 89:381-5. [PMID: 16666543 PMCID: PMC1055847 DOI: 10.1104/pp.89.1.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
An enriched IgG serum fraction obtained from rabbits immunized against pea chloroplast fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) was used, coupled to colloidal gold (15 nanometer particles) goat anti-rabbit IgG, to analyze by electron microscopy the location of photosynthetic FBPase in pea (Pisum sativum L.) leaf ultrathin sections. In accordance with earlier biochemical studies on distribution of FBPase activity, the enzyme was visualized both in the stromal space and bound to the chloroplast membranes. Some gold particles also appear in the cytoplasm, which can be related to the presence in the cytosol of a high molecular weight precursor of this nuclear coded enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hermoso
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), 18008 Granada, Spain
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Hermoso R, Chueca A, Lazaro JJ, Lopez-Gorge J. An immunological method for quantitative determination of photosynthetic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in leaf crude extracts. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1987; 14:269-278. [PMID: 24430740 DOI: 10.1007/bf00032710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/1987] [Accepted: 08/10/1987] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An immunological method for quantitative determination of photosynthetic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in crude extracts of leaves is proposed. It is based on the ELISA technique, and offers two modifications. A non-competitive technique has a higher sensitivity and is the right option for samples of low fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase content. However, this method is not sufficiently specific when the total protein is higher than 5 μg/cm(3); so, despite its lower sensitivity, in these circumstances a competitive technique is more suitable. Thus photosynthetic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase can be measured without interferences from the gluconeogenic cytosolic enzyme of the photosynthetic cell or from a non-specific phosphatase present in the chloroplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hermoso
- Unidad de Bioquímica Vegetal, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
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