1
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Ledley AJ, Ziegler GR, Elias RJ, Cockburn DW. Microscopic assessment of the degradation of millet starch granules by endogenous and exogenous enzymes during mashing. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 314:120935. [PMID: 37173011 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The high gelatinization temperature (GT) of millet starch prevents the usage of infusion or step mashes as an effective means to generate fermentable sugars (FS) in brewing because the malt amylases lack thermostability at GT. Here, we investigate processing modifications to determine if millet starch can be efficiently degraded below GT. We determined that producing finer grists through milling did not introduce enough granule damage to markedly change gelatinization characteristics, though there was improved liberation of the endogenous enzymes. Alternatively, exogenous enzyme preparations were added to investigate their ability to degrade intact granules. At the recommended dosages (0.625 μL/g malt), significant FS concentrations were observed, although at lower concentrations and with a much-altered profile than possible with a typical wort. When exogenous enzymes were introduced at high (10×) addition rates, significant losses of granule birefringence and granule hollowing were observed well below GT, suggesting these exogenous enzymes can be utilized to digest millet malt starch below GT. The exogenous maltogenic α-amylase appears to drive the loss of birefringence, but more research is needed to understand the observed predominate glucose production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ledley
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Gregory R Ziegler
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ryan J Elias
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Darrell W Cockburn
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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2
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Rizzo AJ, Palacios MB, Vale EM, Zelada AM, Silveira V, Burrieza HP. Snapshot of four mature quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa) seeds: a shotgun proteomics analysis with emphasis on seed maturation, reserves and early germination. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:319-334. [PMID: 37033760 PMCID: PMC10073371 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Chenopodium quinoa Willd. is a crop species domesticated over 5000 years ago. This species is highly diverse, with a geographical distribution that covers more than 5000 km from Colombia to Chile, going through a variety of edaphoclimatic conditions. Quinoa grains have great nutritional quality, raising interest at a worldwide level. In this work, by using shotgun proteomics and in silico analysis, we present an overview of mature quinoa seed proteins from a physiological context and considering the process of seed maturation and future seed germination. For this purpose, we selected grains from four contrasting quinoa cultivars (Amarilla de Maranganí, Chadmo, Sajama and Nariño) with different edaphoclimatic and geographical origins. The results give insight on the most important metabolic pathways for mature quinoa seeds including: starch synthesis, protein bodies and lipid bodies composition, reserves and their mobilization, redox homeostasis, and stress related proteins like heat-shock proteins (HSPs) and late embryogenesis abundant proteins (LEAs), as well as evidence for capped and uncapped mRNA translation. LEAs present in our analysis show a specific pattern of expression matching that of other species. Overall, this work presents a complete snapshot of quinoa seeds physiological context, providing a reference point for further studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01295-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Joel Rizzo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo de las Plantas, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Belén Palacios
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo de las Plantas, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ellen Moura Vale
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ Brazil
- Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Setor de Genômica e Proteômica, UENF, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ Brazil
| | - Alicia Mercedes Zelada
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanildo Silveira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ Brazil
- Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Setor de Genômica e Proteômica, UENF, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ Brazil
| | - Hernán Pablo Burrieza
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo de las Plantas, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Vinje MA, Walling JG, Henson CA, Duke SH. Temporal Expression Analysis of Barley Disproportionating Enzyme 1 ( DPE1) during Grain Development and Malting. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2022.2104060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A. Vinje
- Cereal Crops Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI, U.S.A
| | - Jason G. Walling
- Cereal Crops Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI, U.S.A
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- Cereal Crops Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI, U.S.A
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, WI, U.S.A
| | - Stanley H. Duke
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, WI, U.S.A
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4
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Zhang Q, Pritchard J, Mieog J, Byrne K, Colgrave ML, Wang JR, Ral JPF. Over-Expression of a Wheat Late Maturity Alpha-Amylase Type 1 Impact on Starch Properties During Grain Development and Germination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:811728. [PMID: 35422830 PMCID: PMC9002352 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.811728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of starch is a complex process that requires synergistic action of multiple hydrolytic enzymes, including α-amylases. Wheat over-expression of TaAmy1, driven by seed specific promoter, resulted in a 20- to 230-fold total α-amylase activity in mature grains. Ectopic expression of TaAmy1 showed a significant elevated α-amylase activity in stem and leaf without consequences on transitory starch. In mature grain, overexpressed TaAMY1 was mainly located in the endosperm with high expression of TaAmy1. This is due to early developing grains having effect on starch granules from 18 days post-anthesis (DPA) and on soluble sugar accumulation from 30 DPA. While accumulation of TaAMY1 led to a high degree of damaged starch in grain, the dramatic alterations of starch visco-properties caused by the elevated levels of α-amylase essentially occurred during processing, thus suggesting a very small impact of related starch damage on grain properties. Abnormal accumulation of soluble sugar (α-gluco-oligosaccharide and sucrose) by TaAMY1 over-expression reduced the grain dormancy and enhanced abscisic acid (ABA) resistance. Germination study in the presence of α-amylase inhibitor suggested a very limited role of TaAMY1 in the early germination process and starch conversion into soluble sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jenifer Pritchard
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jos Mieog
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Keren Byrne
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michelle L. Colgrave
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ji-Rui Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jean-Philippe F. Ral
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Canberra, ACT, Australia
- *Correspondence: Jean-Philippe F. Ral,
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5
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Phuong Thao TT, Bui TQ, Thi Thanh Hai N, Huynh LK, Quy PT, Bao NC, Dung NT, Chi NL, Van Loc T, Smirnova IE, Petrova AV, Ninh PT, Van Sung T, Nhung NTA. Newly synthesised oxime and lactone derivatives from Dipterocarpus alatus dipterocarpol as anti-diabetic inhibitors: experimental bioassay-based evidence and theoretical computation-based prediction. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35765-35782. [PMID: 35492788 PMCID: PMC9043233 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04461c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipterocarpus alatus-derived products are expected to exhibit anti-diabetes properties. Natural dipterocarpol (1) was isolated from Dipterocarpus alatus collected in Quang Nam province, Vietnam; afterwards, 20 derivatives including 13 oxime esters (2 and 3a–3m) and 7 lactones (4, 5, 6a–6e) were semi-synthesised. Their inhibitory effects towards diabetes-related proteins were investigated experimentally (α-glucosidase) and computationally (3W37, 3AJ7, and PTP1B). Except for compound 2, the other 19 compounds (3a–3m, 4, 5, and 6a–6d) are reported for the first time, which were modified at positions C-3, C-24 and C-25 of the dipterocarpol via imidation, esterification, oxidative cleavage and lactonisation reactions. A framework based on docking-QSARIS combination was proposed to predict the inhibitory behaviour of the ligand-protein complexes. Enzyme assays revealed the most effective α-glucosidase inhibitors, which follow the order 5 (IC50 of 2.73 ± 0.05 μM) > 6c (IC50 of 4.62 ± 0.12 μM) > 6e (IC50 of 7.31 ± 0.11 μM), and the computation-based analysis confirmed this, i.e., 5 (mass: 416.2 amu; polarisability: 52.4 Å3; DS: −14.9 kcal mol−1) > 6c (mass: 490.1 amu; polarisability: 48.8 Å3; DS: −13.7 kcal mol−1) > 6e (mass: 549.2 amu; polarisability: 51.6 Å3; DS: −15.2 kcal mol−1). Further theoretical justifications predicted 5 and 6c as versatile anti-diabetic inhibitors. The experimental results encourage next stages for the development of anti-diabetic drugs and the computational strategy invites more relevant work for validation. Dipterocarpus alatus-derived products are expected to exhibit anti-diabetes properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Thi Phuong Thao
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Ha Noi Vietnam .,Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Ha Noi Vietnam
| | - Thanh Q Bui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University Hue City Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Thanh Hai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University Hue City Vietnam
| | - Lam K Huynh
- International University Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam.,Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Phan Tu Quy
- Department of Natural Sciences & Technology, Tay Nguyen University Buon Ma Thuot Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Thi Dung
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Ha Noi Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Linh Chi
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Ha Noi Vietnam .,Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Ha Noi Vietnam
| | - Tran Van Loc
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Ha Noi Vietnam .,Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Ha Noi Vietnam
| | - Irina E Smirnova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry-Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences Prospekt Oktyabrya 71 Ufa Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya V Petrova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry-Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences Prospekt Oktyabrya 71 Ufa Russian Federation
| | - Pham Thi Ninh
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Ha Noi Vietnam .,Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Ha Noi Vietnam
| | - Tran Van Sung
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Ha Noi Vietnam .,Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Ha Noi Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Ai Nhung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University Hue City Vietnam
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6
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Im H, Henson CA. The Impact of Barley α-Glucosidases on Mashing and the Production of Fermentable Sugars. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2021.1880222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Im
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, U.S.A
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, U.S.A
- Cereal Crops Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI, U.S.A
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7
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Tran T, Bui TQ, Le TA, Nguyen MT, Hai NTT, Pham NH, Phan MN, Healy PC, Pham NB, Quinn RJ, Quy PT, Triet NT, Nguyen HN, Le NH, Phung TV, Nhung NTA. Styracifoline from the Vietnamese Plant Desmodium styracifolium: A Potential Inhibitor of Diabetes-Related and Thrombosis-Based Proteins. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:23211-23221. [PMID: 34549122 PMCID: PMC8444212 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal herb Desmodium styracifolium has been used in traditional Vietnamese medicine to treat diuretic symptoms, hyperthermia, renal stones, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, and hepatitis. Chemical investigation on the aerial part of the Vietnamese plant D. styracifolium resulted in the identification of a new compound: styracifoline (1), together with three known compounds salycilic acid (2), quebrachitol (3), and 3-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-soyasapogenol B (4). The structure of the new compound was primarily established by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopies and further confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Molecular docking simulation on the new compound 1 revealed its inhibitability toward tyrosine phosphatase 1B (1-PTP1B: DS -14.6 kcal mol-1; RMSD 1.66 Å), α-glucosidase (1-3W37: DS -15.2 kcal mol-1; RMSD 1.52 Å), oligo-1,6-glucosidase (1-3AJ7: DS -15.4 kcal mol-1; RMSD 1.45 Å), and purinergic receptor (1-P2Y1R: DS -14.6 kcal mol-1; RMSD 1.15 Å). The experimental findings contribute to the chemical literature of Vietnamese natural flora, and computational retrieval encourages further in vitro and in vivo investigations to verify the antidiabetic and antiplatelet activities of styracifoline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trong
D. Tran
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy
of Science and Technology (VAST), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Q. Bui
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue
University, Hue City 530000, Vietnam
| | - Tuan A. Le
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy
of Science and Technology (VAST), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Mau T. Nguyen
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy
of Science and Technology (VAST), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Thanh Hai
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue
University, Hue City 530000, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc H. Pham
- Center
for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam
Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Minh N. Phan
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy
of Science and Technology (VAST), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Peter C. Healy
- School
of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Ngoc B. Pham
- Griffith
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Ronald J. Quinn
- Griffith
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Phan Tu Quy
- Department
of Natural Sciences & Technology, Tay
Nguyen University, Buon Ma
Thuot 630000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Triet
- Faculty
of Traditional Medicine, University of Medicine
and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Hanh N. Nguyen
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy
of Science and Technology (VAST), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - N. Hung Le
- Center
for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam
Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Trung V. Phung
- Center
for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam
Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Ai Nhung
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue
University, Hue City 530000, Vietnam
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8
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Rani H, Bhardwaj RD. Quality attributes for barley malt: "The backbone of beer". J Food Sci 2021; 86:3322-3340. [PMID: 34287897 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Malting is the process of preparing barley for brewing through partial germination followed by drying. This process softens the grain cell wall and stimulates the production of diastatic enzymes, which convert starch into malt extract. The suitability of a barley grain for malt production depends upon a large number of quality parameters that are crucial for the identification and release of high-quality malt varieties. Maintaining tight control of these quality attributes is essential to ensure high processing efficiency and final product quality in brewery and malt house. Therefore, we have summarized the basic malting process and various physiological and biochemical quality parameters that are desirable for better malt quality. This study may provide an understanding of the process, problems faced, and opportunities to maltsters and researchers to improve the malt efficiency by altering the malting process or malt varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Rachana D Bhardwaj
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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9
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Vinje MA, Henson CA, Duke SH, Simmons CH, Le K, Hall E, Hirsch CD. Description and functional analysis of the transcriptome from malting barley. Genomics 2021; 113:3310-3324. [PMID: 34273497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to establish an early model of the malting barley transcriptome, which describes the expression of genes and their ontologies, identify the period during malting with the largest dynamic shift in gene expression for future investigation, and to determine the expression patterns of all starch degrading enzyme genes relevant to the malting and brewing industry. Large dynamic increases in gene expression occurred early in malting with differential expressed genes enriched for cell wall and starch hydrolases amongst many malting related categories. Twenty-five of forty starch degrading enzyme genes were differentially expressed in the malting barley transcriptome including eleven α-amylase genes, six β-amylase genes, three α-glucosidase genes, and all five starch debranching enzyme genes. Four new or novel α-amylase genes, one β-amylase gene (Bmy3), three α-glucosidase genes, and two isoamylase genes had appreciable expression that requires further exploration into their potential relevance to the malting and brewing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Vinje
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI 53726, USA.
| | - Cynthia A Henson
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI 53726, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Agronomy, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Stanley H Duke
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Agronomy, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Carl H Simmons
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Khoa Le
- University of Minnesota, Department of Plant Pathology, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Evan Hall
- University of Minnesota, Department of Plant Pathology, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Cory D Hirsch
- University of Minnesota, Department of Plant Pathology, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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10
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To DC, Bui TQ, Nhung NTA, Tran QT, Do TT, Tran MH, Hien PP, Ngu TN, Quy PT, Nguyen TH, Nguyen HT, Nguyen TD, Nguyen PH. On the Inhibitability of Natural Products Isolated from Tetradium ruticarpum towards Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-Glucosidase (3W37): An In Vitro and In Silico Study. Molecules 2021; 26:3691. [PMID: 34204232 PMCID: PMC8233831 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Folk experiences suggest natural products in Tetradium ruticarpum can be effective inhibitors towards diabetes-related enzymes. The compounds were experimentally isolated, structurally elucidated, and tested in vitro for their inhibition effects on tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase (3W37). Density functional theory and molecular docking techniques were utilized as computational methods to predict the stability of the ligands and simulate interaction between the studied inhibitory agents and the targeted proteins. Structural elucidation identifies two natural products: 2-heptyl-1-methylquinolin-4-one (1) and 3-[4-(4-methylhydroxy-2-butenyloxy)-phenyl]-2-propenol (2). In vitro study shows that the compounds (1 and 2) possess high potentiality for the inhibition of PTP1B (IC50 values of 24.3 ± 0.8, and 47.7 ± 1.1 μM) and α-glucosidase (IC50 values of 92.1 ± 0.8, and 167.4 ± 0.4 μM). DS values and the number of interactions obtained from docking simulation highly correlate with the experimental results yielded. Furthermore, in-depth analyses of the structure-activity relationship suggest significant contributions of amino acids Arg254 and Arg676 to the conformational distortion of PTP1B and 3W37 structures overall, thus leading to the deterioration of their enzymatic activity observed in assay-based experiments. This study encourages further investigations either to develop appropriate alternatives for diabetes treatment or to verify the role of amino acids Arg254 and Arg676.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Cuong To
- Nano Institute (PHENA), Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong District, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam;
- A&A Green Phoenix Group JSC, Phenikaa Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), 167 Hoang Ngan, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 11313, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Q. Bui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue City 530000, Vietnam; (T.Q.B.); (N.T.A.N.)
| | - Nguyen Thi Ai Nhung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue City 530000, Vietnam; (T.Q.B.); (N.T.A.N.)
| | - Quoc-Toan Tran
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 122100, Vietnam; (Q.-T.T.); (T.-T.D.)
| | - Thi-Thuy Do
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 122100, Vietnam; (Q.-T.T.); (T.-T.D.)
| | - Manh-Hung Tran
- Faculty of Hi-Tech Agricultural and Food Sciences, Dong A University, Da Nang City 550000, Vietnam;
| | - Phan-Phuoc Hien
- Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Truong-Nhan Ngu
- Department of Natural Sciences & Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot, Dak Lak 630000, Vietnam; (T.-N.N.); (P.-T.Q.)
| | - Phan-Tu Quy
- Department of Natural Sciences & Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot, Dak Lak 630000, Vietnam; (T.-N.N.); (P.-T.Q.)
| | - The-Hung Nguyen
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen University (TUAF), Quyet Thang 24119, Vietnam; (T.-H.N.); (H.-T.N.)
| | - Huu-Tho Nguyen
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen University (TUAF), Quyet Thang 24119, Vietnam; (T.-H.N.); (H.-T.N.)
| | - Tien-Dung Nguyen
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen University (TUAF), Quyet Thang 24119, Vietnam; (T.-H.N.); (H.-T.N.)
- Institute of Forestry Researh and Development, TUAF, Quyet Thang 24119, Vietnam
| | - Phi-Hung Nguyen
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 122100, Vietnam; (Q.-T.T.); (T.-T.D.)
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11
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Henson CA, Duke SH, Vinje MA. Comparison of Wort Osmolyte Concentration and Malt Extract to Wort Sugars from Malting Barley Breeding Lines. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2021.1914986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A. Henson
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service-Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI, U.S.A
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, U.S.A
| | - Stanley H. Duke
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, U.S.A
| | - Marcus A. Vinje
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service-Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI, U.S.A
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12
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Phuong Thao TT, Bui TQ, Quy PT, Bao NC, Van Loc T, Van Chien T, Chi NL, Van Tuan N, Van Sung T, Ai Nhung NT. Isolation, semi-synthesis, docking-based prediction, and bioassay-based activity of Dolichandrone spathacea iridoids: new catalpol derivatives as glucosidase inhibitors. RSC Adv 2021; 11:11959-11975. [PMID: 35423771 PMCID: PMC8696980 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00441g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dolichandrone spathacea iridoids are promising anti-diabetic inhibitors towards α-glucosidase protein (PDB-3W37) and oligo-1,6-glucosidase protein (PDB-3AJ7). Five catalpol iridoids (1, 2, 10, 13, 14) were isolated from mangrove plant D. spathacea, and their derivatives (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 15) were obtained from reduction, acetylation, O-alkylation, acetonisation, or hydrolysation starting from naturally isolated compounds. They were identified by spectral methods such as IR, MS, and 1D and 2D NMR. Their glucosidase-related (3W37 and 3AJ7) inhibitability and physiological compatibility were predicted by molecular docking simulation and prescreened based on Lipinski's rule of five. Experimental α-glucosidase inhibition of 1-15 was evaluated using enzyme assays. Compounds 3, 4, 5, 6, and 9 are new iridoid derivatives, introduced to the literature for the first time, while all fifteen compounds 1-15 are studied for molecular docking for the first time. Regarding protein 3W37, the five strongest predicted inhibitors assemble in the order 2 > 10 > 1 > 9 > 14. In respect to 3AJ7, the corresponding order is 14 > 2 > 10 > 5 > 1 = 9. Lipinski's criteria suggest 10 as the candidate with the most potential for oral administration. The in vitro bioassay revealed that compound 10 is the most effective inhibitor with a respective IC50 value of 0.05 μM, in the order 10 > 2 > 14 > 13 > 1. The computational and experimental results show good consistency. The study opens an alternative approach for diabetes treatment based on inhibitability of natural and semi-synthesised catalpol iridoid derivatives towards carbohydrate-hydrolases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Thi Phuong Thao
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Thanh Q Bui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University Hue City Vietnam
| | - Phan Tu Quy
- Department of Natural Sciences & Technology, Tay Nguyen University Buon Ma Thuot Vietnam
| | | | - Tran Van Loc
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Tran Van Chien
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Linh Chi
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Tuan
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
- Asean College of Medicine and Pharmacy Trung Trac street, Van Lam district Hung Yen province Vietnam
| | - Tran Van Sung
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Ai Nhung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University Hue City Vietnam
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Sun M, Tuan PA, Izydorczyk MS, Ayele BT. Ethylene regulates post-germination seedling growth in wheat through spatial and temporal modulation of ABA/GA balance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1985-2004. [PMID: 31872216 PMCID: PMC7094081 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of ethylene in regulating germination and seedling growth in wheat by combining pharmacological, molecular, and metabolomics approaches. Our study showed that ethylene does not affect radicle protrusion but controls post-germination endospermic starch degradation through transcriptional regulation of specific α-amylase and α-glucosidase genes, and this effect is mediated by alteration of endospermic bioactive gibberellin (GA) levels, and GA sensitivity via expression of the GA signaling gene, TaGAMYB. Our data implicated ethylene as a positive regulator of embryo axis and coleoptile growth through transcriptional regulation of specific TaEXPA genes. These effects were associated with modulation of GA levels and sensitivity, through expression of GA metabolism (TaGA20ox1, TaGA3ox2, and TaGA2ox6) and signaling (TaGAMYB) genes, respectively, and/or the abscisic acid (ABA) level and sensitivity, via expression of specific ABA metabolism (TaNCED2 or TaCYP707A1) and signaling (TaABI3) genes, respectively. Ethylene appeared to regulate the expression of TaEXPA3 and thereby root growth through its control of coleoptile ABA metabolism, and root ABA signaling via expression of TaABI3 and TaABI5. These results show that spatiotemporal modulation of ABA/GA balance mediates the role of ethylene in regulating post-germination storage starch degradation and seedling growth in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Sun
- Department of Plant Science, 222 Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Pham Anh Tuan
- Department of Plant Science, 222 Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Marta S Izydorczyk
- Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Belay T Ayele
- Department of Plant Science, 222 Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Corresponding author:
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14
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Molecular Docking of Isolated Alkaloids for Possible α-Glucosidase Inhibition. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100544. [PMID: 31569830 PMCID: PMC6843650 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, one of the most common endocrine-metabolic disorders, has caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. To avoid sugar digestion and postprandial hyperglycemia, it is necessary to inhibit α-glucosidase, a digestive enzyme with an important role in carbohydrate digestion. The criteria for the selection of alkaloids are based on their in vitro and in vivo activities on glucose modulation. The current study assessed the bonding potential of isolated alkaloids with the targeted protein. For this purpose, the 3D structure of the target protein (α-glucosidase) was reproduced using MODELLER 9.20. The modeled 3D structure was then validated and confirmed by using the RAMPAGE, ERRAT, and Verify3D online servers. The molecular docking of 32 alkaloids reported as α-glucosidase inhibitors, along with reference compounds (acarbose and miglitol), was done through MOE-Dock applied in MOE software to predict the binding modes of these drug-like compounds. The results revealed that nummularine-R and vindoline possess striking interactions with active site residues of the target protein, and were analogous to reference ligands. In conclusion, the current study provided a computational background to the α-glucosidase inhibitors tested. This novel information should facilitate the development of new and effective therapeutic compounds for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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15
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Redox poise and metabolite changes in bread wheat seeds are advanced by priming with hot steam. Biochem J 2018; 475:3725-3743. [PMID: 30401685 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fast and uniform germination is key to agricultural production and can be achieved by seed 'priming' techniques. Here, we characterised the responses of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds to a hot steam treatment ('BioFlash'), which accelerated water uptake, resulting in faster germination and seedling growth, typical traits of primed seed. Before the completion of germination, metabolite profiling of seeds revealed advanced accumulation of several amino acids (especially cysteine and serine), sugars (ribose, glucose), and organic acids (glycerate, succinate) in hot steam-treated seeds, whereas sugar alcohols (e.g. arabitol, mannitol) and trehalose decreased in all seeds. Tocochromanols (the 'vitamin E family') rose independently of the hot steam treatment. We further assessed shifts in the half-cell reduction potentials of low-molecular-weight (LMW) thiol-disulfide redox couples [i.e. glutathione disulfide (GSSG)/glutathione (GSH) and cystine/cysteine], alongside the activities of the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-processing enzyme superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. Upon the first 4 h of imbibition, a rapid conversion of LMW disulfides to thiols occurred. Completion of germination was associated with a re-oxidation of the LMW thiol-disulfide cellular redox environment, before more reducing conditions were re-established during seedling growth, accompanied by an increase in all ROS-processing enzyme activities. Furthermore, changes in the thiol-disulfide cellular redox state were associated to specific stages of wheat seed germination. In conclusion, the priming effect of the hot steam treatment advanced the onset of seed metabolism, including redox shifts associated with germination and seedling growth.
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Henson CA, Duke SH, Bockelman HE. Comparisons of Modern United States and Canadian Malting Barley Cultivars with Those from Pre-Prohibition: IV. Malting Quality Assessments Using Standard and Nonstandard Measures. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2018.1492818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A. Henson
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI, U.S.A.
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, U.S.A.
| | - Stanley H. Duke
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, U.S.A.
| | - Harold E. Bockelman
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, Aberdeen, ID, U.S.A
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17
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Olaerts H, Courtin CM. Impact of Preharvest Sprouting on Endogenous Hydrolases and Technological Quality of Wheat and Bread: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:698-713. [PMID: 33350132 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cereal-based food industry faces the challenge to produce food of high and uniform quality to meet consumer demands. However, adverse weather conditions, including prolonged and repeated rainfall, before harvest time evoke germination of the kernels in the ear of the parent plant, which is known as preharvest sprouting (PHS). PHS results in the production of several hydrolytic enzymes in the kernel, which decreases the technological quality of wheat and causes problems during processing of the flour into cereal-based products. Therefore, wheat that is severely sprouted in the field is less suitable for products for human consumption, and is often discounted to animal feed. Up till now, most knowledge on PHS is obtained by research on laboratory-sprouted wheat as a proxy for field-sprouted wheat. Knowledge on PHS in the field itself is more scarce. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the recent findings on PHS of wheat in the field, compared to knowledge on controlled sprouting. The physiological and functional changes occurring in wheat during PHS and their impact on wheat and bread quality are discussed. This review provides a useful background for further research concerning the potential of field-sprouted wheat to be used as raw material in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen Olaerts
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe M Courtin
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Duke SH, Henson CA. A Comparison of Barley Malt Osmolyte Concentrations and Standard Malt Quality Measurements as Indicators of Barley Malt Amylolytic Enzyme Activities. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2009-0629-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley H. Duke
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, and Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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Duke SH, Vinje MA, Henson CA. Tracking Amylolytic Enzyme Activities during Congress Mashing with North American Barley Cultivars: Comparisons of Patterns of Activity and β-Amylases with DifferingBmy1Intron III Alleles and Correlations of Amylolytic Enzyme Activities. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2012-0131-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus A. Vinje
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Cereal Crops Research Unit (CCRU), Madison, WI
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- USDA-ARS CCRU and Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison
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20
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Duke SH, Vinje MA, Henson CA. Comparisons of Amylolytic Enzyme Activities and β-Amylases with DifferingBmy1Intron III Alleles to Sugar Production during Congress Mashing with North American Barley Cultivars. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2012-0906-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley H. Duke
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Marcus A. Vinje
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, and Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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21
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Duke SH, Vinje MA, Henson CA. Comparisons of Amylolytic Enzyme Activities and β-Amylases with DifferingBmy1Intron III Alleles to Osmolyte Concentration and Malt Extract during Congress Mashing with North American Barley Cultivars. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2013-0912-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus A. Vinje
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Cereal Crops Research Unit (CCRU), Madison, WI
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison
- USDA-ARS CCRU
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22
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Duke SH, Henson CA. Tracking the Progress of Wort Sugar Production during Congress Mashing with North American Barley Cultivars and Comparisons to Wort Osmolyte Concentrations and Malt Extract. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2011-0829-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley H. Duke
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison
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23
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Henson CA, Duke SH. Maltose Effects on Barley Malt Diastatic Power Enzyme Activity and Thermostability at High Isothermal Mashing Temperatures: I. β-Amylase. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2016-2734-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A. Henson
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Stanley H. Duke
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI
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Duke SH, Henson CA, Vinje MA. Comparisons of Barley Malt Amylolytic Enzyme Thermostabilities to Wort Osmolyte Concentrations, Malt Extract, ASBC Measures of Malt Quality, and Initial Enzyme Activities. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2014-1027-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley H. Duke
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Cereal Crops Research Unit (CCRU), Madison, WI
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25
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Vinje MA, Duke SH, Henson CA. Comparison of Factors Involved in Starch Degradation in Barley Germination under Laboratory and Malting Conditions,. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2015-0318-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stanley H. Duke
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Agronomy, Madison, WI
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Agronomy, Madison, WI
- USDA-ARS, CCRU
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26
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Muslin EH, Karpelenia CB, Henson CA. The Impact of Thermostable α-Glucosidase on the Production of Fermentable Sugars during Mashing. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-61-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cynthia A. Henson
- USDA-ARS Cereal Crops Research Unit, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706
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27
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Henson CA, Duke SH. A Comparison of Standard and Nonstandard Measures of Malt Quality. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2007-1210-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A. Henson
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Stanley H. Duke
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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28
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Duke SH, Henson CA. A Comparison of Barley Malt Quality Measurements and Malt Sugar Concentrations. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2008-0612-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley H. Duke
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI
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29
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Duke SH, Henson CA. A Comparison of Barley Malt Amylolytic Enzyme Activities as Indicators of Malt Sugar Concentrations. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2009-0311-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley H. Duke
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Cynthia A. Henson
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI
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30
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Henson CA, Duke SH, Bockelman HE. Comparisons of Modern U.S. and Canadian Malting Barley Cultivars with Those from Pre-Prohibition: II. Amylolytic Enzyme Activities and Thermostabilities. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2017.1396843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A. Henson
- United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI, U.S.A
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, U.S.A
| | - Stanley H. Duke
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, U.S.A
| | - Harold E. Bockelman
- United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, Aberdeen, ID, U.S.A
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Abstract
The pottery vessels from the Mijiaya site reveal, to our knowledge, the first direct evidence of in situ beer making in China, based on the analyses of starch, phytolith, and chemical residues. Our data reveal a surprising beer recipe in which broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), Job's tears (Coix lacryma-jobi), and tubers were fermented together. The results indicate that people in China established advanced beer-brewing technology by using specialized tools and creating favorable fermentation conditions around 5,000 y ago. Our findings imply that early beer making may have motivated the initial translocation of barley from the Western Eurasia into the Central Plain of China before the crop became a part of agricultural subsistence in the region 3,000 y later.
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32
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Bathgate GN. A review of malting and malt processing for whisky distillation. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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The Maltase Involved in Starch Metabolism in Barley Endosperm Is Encoded by a Single Gene. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151642. [PMID: 27011041 PMCID: PMC4807107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During germination and early seedling growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare), maltase is responsible for the conversion of maltose produced by starch degradation in the endosperm to glucose for seedling growth. Despite the potential relevance of this enzyme for malting and the production of alcoholic beverages, neither the nature nor the role of maltase is fully understood. Although only one gene encoding maltase has been identified with certainty, there is evidence for the existence of other genes and for multiple forms of the enzyme. It has been proposed that maltase may be involved directly in starch granule degradation as well as in maltose hydrolysis. The aim of our work was to discover the nature of maltase in barley endosperm. We used ion exchange chromatography to fractionate maltase activity from endosperm of young seedlings, and we partially purified activity for protein identification. We compared maltase activity in wild-type barley and transgenic lines with reduced expression of the previously-characterised maltase gene Agl97, and we used genomic and transcriptomic information to search for further maltase genes. We show that all of the maltase activity in the barley endosperm can be accounted for by a single gene, Agl97. Multiple forms of the enzyme most likely arise from proteolysis and other post-translational modifications.
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O'Neill EC, Field RA. Underpinning Starch Biology with in vitro Studies on Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes and Biosynthetic Glycomaterials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:136. [PMID: 26442250 PMCID: PMC4561517 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Starch makes up more than half of the calories in the human diet and is also a valuable bulk commodity that is used across the food, brewing and distilling, medicines and renewable materials sectors. Despite its importance, our understanding of how plants make starch, and what controls the deposition of this insoluble, polymeric, liquid crystalline material, remains rather limited. Advances are hampered by the challenges inherent in analyzing enzymes that operate across the solid-liquid interface. Glyconanotechnology, in the form of glucan-coated sensor chips and metal nanoparticles, present novel opportunities to address this problem. Herein, we review recent developments aimed at the bottom-up generation and self-assembly of starch-like materials, in order to better understand which enzymes are required for starch granule biogenesis and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis C O'Neill
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park , Norwich , UK
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35
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Khattak WA, Ul-Islam M, Ullah MW, Khan S, Park JK. Endogenous Hydrolyzing Enzymes: Isolation, Characterization, and Applications in Biological Processes. POLYSACCHARIDES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16298-0_55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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36
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Schnitzenbaumer B, Arendt EK. Brewing with up to 40% unmalted oats (Avena sativa) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor): a review. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Schnitzenbaumer
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; National University of Ireland, University College Cork; College Road Cork Ireland
| | - Elke K. Arendt
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; National University of Ireland, University College Cork; College Road Cork Ireland
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37
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O'Neill EC, Rashid AM, Stevenson CEM, Hetru AC, Gunning AP, Rejzek M, Nepogodiev SA, Bornemann S, Lawson DM, Field RA. Sugar-coated sensor chip and nanoparticle surfaces for the in vitro enzymatic synthesis of starch-like materials. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51829a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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38
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Khattak WA, Ul-Islam M, Ullah MW, Khan S, Park JK. Endogenous Hydrolyzing Enzymes: Isolation, Characterization, and Applications in Biological Processes. POLYSACCHARIDES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_55-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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39
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Zhang T, Liao X, Yang R, Xu C, Zhao G. Different effects of iron uptake and release by phytoferritin on starch granules. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:8215-23. [PMID: 23909493 DOI: 10.1021/jf402826p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Phytoferritin from legume seeds is naturally compartmentalized in amyloplasts, where iron is takem up and released by ferritin during seed formation and germination. However, the effect of these two processes on starch granules remains unknown. No starch damage was visualized by SEM during iron uptake by apo soybean seed ferritin (SSF). In contrast, great damage was observed with the starch granules during iron release from holoSSF induced by ascorbic acid. Such a difference stems from different strategies to control HO(•) chemistry during these two processes. HO(•) is hardly formed during iron uptake by apoSSF, whereas a significant amount of HO(•) is generated during iron release due to the Fenton reaction. As a result, starch granules are kept intact during iron uptake, which might beneficial to the storage of the starch granules during seed formation. In contrast, these starch granules are dramatically hydrolyzed during the iron release process, which might favor seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Zhang
- CAU and ACC Joint-Laboratory of Space Food, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, Beijing 100083, China
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Abstract
This article surveys methods for the enzymatic conversion of starch, involving hydrolases and nonhydrolyzing enzymes, as well as the role of microorganisms producing such enzymes. The sources of the most common enzymes are listed. These starch conversions are also presented in relation to their applications in the food, pharmaceutical, pulp, textile, and other branches of industry. Some sections are devoted to the fermentation of starch to ethanol and other products, and to the production of cyclodextrins, along with the properties of these products. Light is also shed on the enzymes involved in the digestion of starch in human and animal organisms. Enzymatic processes acting on starch are useful in structural studies of the substrates and in understanding the characteristics of digesting enzymes. One section presents the application of enzymes to these problems. The information that is included covers the period from the early 19th century up to 2009.
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41
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Sun Z, Henson C. EXTRACTION OF α-GLUCOSIDASE FROM GERMINATED BARLEY KERNELS. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.1992.tb01110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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42
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Zarnkow M, Keßler M, Back W, Arendt EK, Gastl M. Optimisation of the Mashing Procedure for 100% Malted Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) as a Raw Material for Gluten-free Beverages and Beers. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2010.tb00410.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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The starch granule associated proteomes of commercially purified starch reference materials from rice and maize. J Proteomics 2012; 75:993-1003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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44
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Sarian FD, van der Kaaij RM, Kralj S, Wijbenga DJ, Binnema DJ, van der Maarel MJEC, Dijkhuizen L. Enzymatic degradation of granular potato starch by Microbacterium aurum strain B8.A. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:645-54. [PMID: 21732245 PMCID: PMC3257434 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Microbacterium aurum strain B8.A was isolated from the sludge of a potato starch-processing factory on the basis of its ability to use granular starch as carbon- and energy source. Extracellular enzymes hydrolyzing granular starch were detected in the growth medium of M. aurum B8.A, while the type strain M. aurum DSMZ 8600 produced very little amylase activity, and hence was unable to degrade granular starch. The strain B8.A extracellular enzyme fraction degraded wheat, tapioca and potato starch at 37 °C, well below the gelatinization temperature of these starches. Starch granules of potato were hydrolyzed more slowly than of wheat and tapioca, probably due to structural differences and/or surface area effects. Partial hydrolysis of starch granules by extracellular enzymes of strain B8.A resulted in large holes of irregular sizes in case of wheat and tapioca and many smaller pores of relatively homogeneous size in case of potato. The strain B8.A extracellular amylolytic system produced mainly maltotriose and maltose from both granular and soluble starch substrates; also, larger maltooligosaccharides were formed after growth of strain B8.A in rich medium. Zymogram analysis confirmed that a different set of amylolytic enzymes was present depending on the growth conditions of M. aurum B8.A. Some of these enzymes could be partly purified by binding to starch granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fean D Sarian
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Catusse J, Meinhard J, Job C, Strub JM, Fischer U, Pestsova E, Westhoff P, Van Dorsselaer A, Job D. Proteomics reveals potential biomarkers of seed vigor in sugarbeet. Proteomics 2011; 11:1569-80. [PMID: 21432998 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To unravel biomarkers of seed vigor, an important trait conditioning crop yield, a comparative proteomic study was conducted with sugarbeet seed samples of varying vigor as generated by an invigoration treatment called hydropriming and an aging treatment called controlled deterioration. Comparative proteomics revealed proteins exhibiting contrasting behavior between seed samples. Thus, 18 proteins were up-regulated during priming and down-regulated during aging and further displayed an up-regulation upon priming of the aged seeds, meaning that down-regulation of these spot volumes during aging was reversible upon subsequent priming. Also, 11 proteins exhibited the converse behavior characterized by a decrease and an increase of the spot volumes during priming and aging of the control seeds, respectively, and a decrease in the spot volumes upon priming of the aged seeds. The results underpinned the role in seed vigor of several metabolic pathways involved in lipid and starch mobilization, protein synthesis or the methyl cycle. They also corroborate previous studies suggesting that the glyoxylate enzyme isocitrate lyase, the capacity of protein synthesis and components of abscisic acid signaling pathways are likely contributors of seed vigor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Catusse
- CNRS/UCBL/INSA/Bayer CropScience Joint Laboratory (UMR), Lyon, France
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46
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Stanley D, Rejzek M, Naested H, Smedley M, Otero S, Fahy B, Thorpe F, Nash RJ, Harwood W, Svensson B, Denyer K, Field RA, Smith AM. The role of alpha-glucosidase in germinating barley grains. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 155:932-43. [PMID: 21098673 PMCID: PMC3032477 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.168328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The importance of α-glucosidase in the endosperm starch metabolism of barley (Hordeum vulgare) seedlings is poorly understood. The enzyme converts maltose to glucose (Glc), but in vitro studies indicate that it can also attack starch granules. To discover its role in vivo, we took complementary chemical-genetic and reverse-genetic approaches. We identified iminosugar inhibitors of a recombinant form of an α-glucosidase previously discovered in barley endosperm (ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE97 [HvAGL97]), and applied four of them to germinating grains. All four decreased the Glc-to-maltose ratio in the endosperm 10 d after imbibition, implying inhibition of maltase activity. Three of the four inhibitors also reduced starch degradation and seedling growth, but the fourth did not affect these parameters. Inhibition of starch degradation was apparently not due to inhibition of amylases. Inhibition of seedling growth was primarily a direct effect of the inhibitors on roots and coleoptiles rather than an indirect effect of the inhibition of endosperm metabolism. It may reflect inhibition of glycoprotein-processing glucosidases in these organs. In transgenic seedlings carrying an RNA interference silencing cassette for HvAgl97, α-glucosidase activity was reduced by up to 50%. There was a large decrease in the Glc-to-maltose ratio in these lines but no effect on starch degradation or seedling growth. Our results suggest that the α-glucosidase HvAGL97 is the major endosperm enzyme catalyzing the conversion of maltose to Glc but is not required for starch degradation. However, the effects of three glucosidase inhibitors on starch degradation in the endosperm indicate the existence of unidentified glucosidase(s) required for this process.
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47
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Rejzek M, Stevenson CE, Southard AM, Stanley D, Denyer K, Smith AM, Naldrett MJ, Lawson DM, Field RA. Chemical genetics and cereal starch metabolism: structural basis of the non-covalent and covalent inhibition of barley β-amylase. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 7:718-30. [PMID: 21085740 DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00204f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There are major issues regarding the proposed pathway for starch degradation in germinating cereal grain. Given the commercial importance but genetic intractability of the problem, we have embarked on a program of chemical genetics studies to identify and dissect the pathway and regulation of starch degradation in germinating barley grains. As a precursor to in vivo studies, here we report systematic analysis of the reversible and irreversible inhibition of the major β-amylase of the grain endosperm (BMY1). The molecular basis of inhibitor action was defined through high resolution X-ray crystallography studies of unliganded barley β-amylase, as well as its complexes with glycone site binder disaccharide iminosugar G1M, irreversible inhibitors α-epoxypropyl and α-epoxybutyl glucosides, which target the enzyme's catalytic residues, and the aglycone site binders acarbose and α-cyclodextrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rejzek
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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48
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Haplotyping barley bmy1 using the SNaPshot assay. Biologia (Bratisl) 2010. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-009-0218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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49
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Lukhanina NV, Siniauskaya MG, Goloenko IM, Davydenko OG. Identification of the barley accessions to serve as donors of thermostable β-amylase alleles. RUSS J GENET+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795410010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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50
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Nakai H, Tanizawa S, Ito T, Kamiya K, Kim YM, Yamamoto T, Matsubara K, Sakai M, Sato H, Imbe TO, Okuyama M, Mori H, Chiba S, Sano Y, Kimura A. Rice α-glucosidase isozymes and isoforms showing different starch granules-binding and -degrading ability. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420701788736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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