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Thulasi Devendrakumar K, Herrfurth C, Yeap M, Peng TS, Feussner I, Li X. Balancing roles between phosphatidylinositols and sphingolipids in regulating immunity and ER stress responses in pi4kβ1,2. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39074039 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Plant immune regulation is complex. In addition to proteins, lipid molecules play critical roles in modulating immune responses. The mutant pi4kβ1,2 is mutated in two phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases PI4Kβ1 and β2 involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P). The mutant displays autoimmunity, short roots, aberrant root hairs, and a heightened sensitivity to ER stress. In a forward genetic screen designed to dissect pi4kβ1,2 autoimmunity, we found that Orosomucoid-like 1 (ORM1) is required for the phenotypes of pi4kβ1,2, including short root and ER stress sensitivity. The orm1 mutations lead to increased long-chain base and ceramide levels in the suppressors. We also found that the basic region/leucine Zipper motif (bZIP) 28 and 60 transcription factors, central regulators of ER stress response, are required for its autoimmunity and root defect. In comparison, the defense-related phytohormones salicylic acid (SA) and N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) are required for its autoimmunity but plays a minor role in its root phenotypes. Further, we found that wild-type plants overexpressing ORM1 are autoimmune, displaying short roots and increased ceramide levels. The autoimmunity of the ORM1 overexpression lines is dependent on SA, NHP, and bZIP60. As ORM1 is a known negative regulator of sphingolipid biosynthesis, our study uncovers a balancing role between PIs and sphingolipids in regulating immunity and ER stress responses in pi4kβ1,2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Thulasi Devendrakumar
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, D-37077, Germany
- Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, D-37077, Germany
| | - Mikaela Yeap
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Tony ShengZhe Peng
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, D-37077, Germany
- Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, D-37077, Germany
- Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, D-37077, Germany
| | - Xin Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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2
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Han L, Huang Y, Li C, Tian D, She D, Li M, Wang Z, Chen J, Liu L, Wang S, Song W, Wang L, Gu C, Wu T, Zhao J, Zhou Z, Zhang X. Heterotrimeric Gα-subunit regulates flower and fruit development in CLAVATA signaling pathway in cucumber. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae110. [PMID: 38898960 PMCID: PMC11186068 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Flowers and fruits are the reproductive organs in plants and play essential roles in natural beauty and the human diet. CLAVATA (CLV) signaling has been well characterized as regulating floral organ development by modulating shoot apical meristem (SAM) size; however, the signaling molecules downstream of the CLV pathway remain largely unknown in crops. Here, we found that functional disruption of CsCLV3 peptide and its receptor CsCLV1 both resulted in flowers with extra organs and stumpy fruits in cucumber. A heterotrimeric G protein α-subunit (CsGPA1) was shown to interact with CsCLV1. Csgpa1 mutant plants derived from gene editing displayed significantly increased floral organ numbers and shorter and wider fruits, a phenotype resembling that of Csclv mutants in cucumber. Moreover, the SAM size was enlarged and the longitudinal cell size of fruit was decreased in Csgpa1 mutants. The expression of the classical stem cell regulator WUSCHEL (WUS) was elevated in the SAM, while the expression of the fruit length stimulator CRABS CLAW (CRC) was reduced in the fruit of Csgpa1 mutants. Therefore, the Gα-subunit CsGPA1 protein interacts with CsCLV1 to inhibit floral organ numbers but promote fruit elongation, via repressing CsWUS expression and activating CsCRC transcription in cucumber. Our findings identified a new player in the CLV signaling pathway during flower and fruit development in dicots, increasing the number of target genes for precise manipulation of fruit shape during crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yafei Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Di Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Daixi She
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Min Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongyi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiacai Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weiyuan Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaoheng Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Horticulture/Yuelu Mountain Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jianyu Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Chen J, Wang S, Jiang S, Gan T, Luo X, Shi R, Xuan Y, Xiao G, Chen H. Overexpression of Calcineurin B-like Interacting Protein Kinase 31 Promotes Lodging and Sheath Blight Resistance in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1306. [PMID: 38794377 PMCID: PMC11124926 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
A breakthrough "Green Revolution" in rice enhanced lodging resistance by using gibberellin-deficient semi-dwarf varieties. However, the gibberellic acid (GA) signaling regulation on rice disease resistance remains unclear. The resistance test showed that a positive GA signaling regulator DWARF1 mutant d1 was more susceptible while a negative GA signaling regulator Slender rice 1 (SLR1) mutant was less susceptible to sheath blight (ShB), one of the major rice diseases, suggesting that GA signaling positively regulates ShB resistance. To isolate the regulator, which simultaneously regulates rice lodging and ShB resistance, SLR1 interactors were isolated. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), and Co-IP assay results indicate that SLR1 interacts with Calcineurin B-like-interacting protein kinase 31 (CIPK31). cipk31 mutants exhibited normal plant height, but CIPK31 OXs showed semi-dwarfism. In addition, the SLR1 level was much higher in CIPK31 OXs than in the wild-type, suggesting that CIPK31 OX might accumulate SLR1 to inhibit GA signaling and thus regulate its semi-dwarfism. Recently, we demonstrated that CIPK31 interacts and inhibits Catalase C (CatC) to accumulate ROS, which promotes rice disease resistance. Interestingly, CIPK31 interacts with Vascular Plant One Zinc Finger 2 (VOZ2) in the nucleus, and expression of CIPK31 accumulated VOZ2. Inoculation of Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA revealed that the voz2 mutant was more susceptible to ShB. Thus, these data prove that CIPK31 promotes lodging and ShB resistance by regulating GA signaling and VOZ2 in rice. This study provides a valuable reference for rice ShB-resistant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Chen
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404100, China; (J.C.); (S.J.); (T.G.); (X.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Siting Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China;
| | - Shiqi Jiang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404100, China; (J.C.); (S.J.); (T.G.); (X.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Tian Gan
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404100, China; (J.C.); (S.J.); (T.G.); (X.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Xin Luo
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404100, China; (J.C.); (S.J.); (T.G.); (X.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Rujie Shi
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404100, China; (J.C.); (S.J.); (T.G.); (X.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
- Department of Plant Protection, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guosheng Xiao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404100, China; (J.C.); (S.J.); (T.G.); (X.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Huan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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Yadav P, Khatri N, Gupta R, Mudgil Y. Proteomic profiling of Arabidopsis G-protein β subunit AGB1 mutant under salt stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:571-586. [PMID: 38737318 PMCID: PMC11087450 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress is a limiting environmental factor that inhibits plant growth in most ecological environments. The functioning of G-proteins and activated downstream signaling during salt stress is well established and different G-protein subunits and a few downstream effectors have been identified. Arabidopsis G-protein β-subunit (AGB1) regulates the movement of Na+ from roots to shoots along with a significant role in controlling Na+ fluxes in roots, however, the molecular mechanism of AGB1 mediated salt stress regulation is not well understood. Here, we report the comparative proteome profiles of Arabidopsis AGB1 null mutant agb1-2 to investigate how the absence of AGB1 modulates the protein repertoire in response to salt stress. High-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) showed 27 protein spots that were differentially modulated between the control and NaCl treated agb1-2 seedlings of which seven were identified by mass spectrometry. Functional annotation and interactome analysis indicated that the salt-responsive proteins were majorly associated with cellulose synthesis, structural maintenance of chromosomes, DNA replication/repair, organellar RNA editing and indole glucosinolate biosynthesis. Further exploration of the functioning of these proteins could serve as a potential stepping stone for dissection of molecular mechanism of AGB1 functions during salt stress and in long run could be extrapolated to crop plants for salinity stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Yadav
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Nisha Khatri
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707 South Korea
| | - Yashwanti Mudgil
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 India
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Berlanga DJ, Molina A, Torres MÁ. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 controls broad spectrum disease resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana through diverse mechanisms of immune activation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1374194. [PMID: 38576784 PMCID: PMC10993396 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1374194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana Mitogen-activated protein Kinase Phosphatase 1 (MKP1) negatively balances production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered by Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns (MAMPs) through uncharacterized mechanisms. Accordingly, ROS production is enhanced in mkp1 mutant after MAMP treatment. Moreover, mkp1 plants show a constitutive activation of immune responses and enhanced disease resistance to pathogens with distinct colonization styles, like the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Noco2 and the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM. The molecular basis of this ROS production and broad-spectrum disease resistance controlled by MKP1 have not been determined. Here, we show that the enhanced ROS production in mkp1 is not due to a direct interaction of MKP1 with the NADPH oxidase RBOHD, nor is it the result of the catalytic activity of MKP1 on RBHOD phosphorylation sites targeted by BOTRYTIS INDUCED KINASE 1 (BIK1) protein, a positive regulator of RBOHD-dependent ROS production. The analysis of bik1 mkp1 double mutant phenotypes suggested that MKP1 and BIK1 targets are different. Additionally, we showed that phosphorylation residues stabilizing MKP1 are essential for its functionality in immunity. To further decipher the molecular basis of disease resistance responses controlled by MKP1, we generated combinatory lines of mkp1-1 with plants impaired in defensive pathways required for disease resistance to pathogen: cyp79B2 cyp79B3 double mutant defective in synthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, NahG transgenic plant that does not accumulate salicylic acid, aba1-6 mutant impaired in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, and abi1 abi2 hab1 triple mutant impaired in proteins described as ROS sensors and that is hypersensitive to ABA. The analysis of these lines revealed that the enhanced resistance displayed by mkp1-1 is altered in distinct mutant combinations: mkp1-1 cyp79B2 cyp79B3 fully blocked mkp1-1 resistance to P. cucumerina, whereas mkp1-1 NahG displays partial susceptibility to H. arabidopsidis, and mkp1-1 NahG, mkp1-1 aba1-6 and mkp1-1 cyp79B2 cyp79B3 showed compromised resistance to P. syringae. These results suggest that MKP1 is a component of immune responses that does not directly interact with RBOHD but rather regulates the status of distinct defensive pathways required for disease resistance to pathogens with different lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego José Berlanga
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
- Center of Excellence for Plant Environment Interactions (CEPEI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
- Center of Excellence for Plant Environment Interactions (CEPEI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Torres
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
- Center of Excellence for Plant Environment Interactions (CEPEI), Madrid, Spain
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Thulasi Devendrakumar K, Peng TS, Pierdzig L, Jackson E, Lipka V, Li X. Signal Peptide Peptidase and PI4Kβ1/2 play opposite roles in plant ER stress response and immunity. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:20. [PMID: 38507026 PMCID: PMC10954597 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-024-00155-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis pi4kβ1,2 mutant is mutated in the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4K) β1 and PI4Kβ2 enzymes which are involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), a minor membrane lipid with important signaling roles. pi4kβ1,2 plants display autoimmunity and shorter roots. Though the pi4kβ1,2 mutant has been extensively characterized, the source of its autoimmunity remains largely unknown. In this study, through a genetic suppressor screen, we identified multiple partial loss-of-function alleles of signal peptide peptidase (spp) that can suppress all the defects of pi4kβ1,2. SPP is an intramembrane cleaving aspartic protease. Interestingly, pi4kβ1,2 plants display enhanced ER stress response and mutations in SPP can suppress such phenotype. Furthermore, reduced ER stress responses were observed in the spp single mutants. Overall, our study reveals a previously unknown function of PI4Kβ and SPP in ER stress and plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Thulasi Devendrakumar
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Tony ShengZhe Peng
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Leon Pierdzig
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Georg August Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Edan Jackson
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Volker Lipka
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Georg August Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Xin Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Zhang M, Jian H, Shang L, Wang K, Wen S, Li Z, Liu R, Jia L, Huang Z, Lyu D. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Novel Genes Potentially Involved in Tuberization in Potato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:795. [PMID: 38592791 PMCID: PMC10975680 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The formation and development of tubers, the primary edible and economic organ of potatoes, directly affect their yield and quality. The regulatory network and mechanism of tuberization have been preliminarily revealed in recent years, but plenty of relevant genes remain to be discovered. A few candidate genes were provided due to the simplicity of sampling and result analysis of previous transcriptomes related to tuberization. We sequenced and thoroughly analyzed the transcriptomes of thirteen tissues from potato plants at the tuber proliferation phase to provide more reference information and gene resources. Among them, eight tissues were stolons and tubers at different developmental stages, which we focused on. Five critical periods of tuberization were selected to perform an analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), according to the results of the tissue correlation. Compared with the unswollen stolons (Sto), 2751, 4897, 6635, and 9700 DEGs were detected in the slightly swollen stolons (Sto1), swollen stolons (Sto2), tubers of proliferation stage 1 (Tu1), and tubers of proliferation stage 4 (Tu4). A total of 854 transcription factors and 164 hormone pathway genes were identified in the DEGs. Furthermore, three co-expression networks associated with Sto-Sto1, Sto2-Tu1, and tubers of proliferation stages two to five (Tu2-Tu5) were built using the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Thirty hub genes (HGs) and 30 hub transcription factors (HTFs) were screened and focalized in these networks. We found that five HGs were reported to regulate tuberization, and most of the remaining HGs and HTFs co-expressed with them. The orthologs of these HGs and HTFs were reported to regulate processes (e.g., flowering, cell division, hormone synthesis, metabolism and signal transduction, sucrose transport, and starch synthesis) that were also required for tuberization. Such results further support their potential to control tuberization. Our study provides insights and countless candidate genes of the regulatory network of tuberization, laying the foundation for further elucidating the genetic basis of tuber development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Zhang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hongju Jian
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lina Shang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shiqi Wen
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zihan Li
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lijun Jia
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhenlin Huang
- Chongqing Agricultural Technical Extension Station, Chongqing 401121, China;
| | - Dianqiu Lyu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Xu D, Tang W, Ma Y, Wang X, Yang Y, Wang X, Xie L, Huang S, Qin T, Tang W, Xu Z, Li L, Tang Y, Chen M, Ma Y. Arabidopsis G-protein β subunit AGB1 represses abscisic acid signaling via attenuation of the MPK3-VIP1 phosphorylation cascade. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1615-1632. [PMID: 37988280 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins play key roles in cellular processes. Although phenotypic analyses of Arabidopsis Gβ (AGB1) mutants have implicated G proteins in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, the AGB1-mediated modules involved in ABA responses remain unclear. We found that a partial AGB1 protein was localized to the nucleus where it interacted with ABA-activated VirE2-interacting protein 1 (VIP1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MPK3). AGB1 acts as an upstream negative regulator of VIP1 activity by initiating responses to ABA and drought stress, and VIP1 regulates the ABA signaling pathway in an MPK3-dependent manner in Arabidopsis. AGB1 outcompeted VIP1 for interaction with the C-terminus of MPK3, and prevented phosphorylation of VIP1 by MPK3. Importantly, ABA treatment reduced AGB1 expression in the wild type, but increased in vip1 and mpk3 mutants. VIP1 associates with ABA response elements present in the AGB1 promoter, forming a negative feedback regulatory loop. Thus, our study defines a new mechanism for fine-tuning ABA signaling through the interplay between AGB1 and MPK3-VIP1. Furthermore, it suggests a common G protein mechanism to receive and transduce signals from the external environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbei Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wensi Tang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanan Ma
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lina Xie
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Suo Huang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tengfei Qin
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weilin Tang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhaoshi Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yimiao Tang
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Youzhi Ma
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
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9
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Zait Y, Joseph A, Assmann SM. Stomatal responses to VPD utilize guard cell intracellular signaling components. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1351612. [PMID: 38375078 PMCID: PMC10875092 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1351612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Stomatal pores, vital for CO2 uptake and water loss regulation in plants, are formed by two specialized guard cells. Despite their importance, there is limited understanding of how guard cells sense and respond to changes in vapor pressure difference (VPD). This study leverages a selection of CO2 hyposensitive and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling mutants in Arabidopsis, including heterotrimeric G protein mutants and RLK (receptor-like kinase) mutants, along with a variety of canola cultivars to delve into the intracellular signaling mechanisms prompting stomatal closure in response to high VPD. Stomatal conductance response to step changes in VPD was measured using the LI-6800F gas exchange system. Our findings highlight that stomatal responses to VPD utilize intracellular signaling components. VPD hyposensitivity was particularly evident in mutants of the ht1 (HIGH LEAF TEMPERATURE1) gene, which encodes a protein kinase expressed mainly in guard cells, and in gpa1-3, a null mutant of the sole canonical heterotrimeric Gα subunit, previously implicated in stomatal signaling. Consequently, this research identifies a nexus in the intricate relationships between guard cell signal perception, stomatal conductance, environmental humidity, and CO2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotam Zait
- Biology Department, Penn State University, Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA, United States
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ariel Joseph
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sarah M. Assmann
- Biology Department, Penn State University, Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA, United States
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10
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Karimian P, Trusov Y, Botella JR. Conserved Role of Heterotrimeric G Proteins in Plant Defense and Cell Death Progression. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:115. [PMID: 38255003 PMCID: PMC10815853 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a critical process in plant immunity, enabling the targeted elimination of infected cells to prevent the spread of pathogens. The tight regulation of PCD within plant cells is well-documented; however, specific mechanisms remain elusive or controversial. Heterotrimeric G proteins are multifunctional signaling elements consisting of three distinct subunits, Gα, Gβ, and Gγ. In Arabidopsis, the Gβγ dimer serves as a positive regulator of plant defense. Conversely, in species such as rice, maize, cotton, and tomato, mutants deficient in Gβ exhibit constitutively active defense responses, suggesting a contrasting negative role for Gβ in defense mechanisms within these plants. Using a transient overexpression approach in addition to knockout mutants, we observed that Gβγ enhanced cell death progression and elevated the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in a similar manner across Arabidopsis, tomato, and Nicotiana benthamiana, suggesting a conserved G protein role in PCD regulation among diverse plant species. The enhancement of PCD progression was cooperatively regulated by Gβγ and one Gα, XLG2. We hypothesize that G proteins participate in two distinct mechanisms regulating the initiation and progression of PCD in plants. We speculate that G proteins may act as guardees, the absence of which triggers PCD. However, in Arabidopsis, this G protein guarding mechanism appears to have been lost in the course of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jose Ramon Botella
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (P.K.); (Y.T.)
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11
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Wu D, Tian H, Xu F, Yang J, Feng W, Bell S, Gozdzik J, Gao F, Jetter R, Zhang Y. The prodomain of Arabidopsis metacaspase 2 positively regulates immune signaling mediated by pattern-recognition receptors. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:430-443. [PMID: 37920109 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Metacaspases (MCs) are structural homologs of mammalian caspases found in plants, fungi, and protozoa. Type-I MCs carry an N-terminal prodomain, the function of which is unclear. Through genetic analysis of Arabidopsis mc2-1, a T-DNA insertion mutant of MC2, we demonstrated that the prodomain of metacaspase 2 (MC2) promotes immune signaling mediated by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). In mc2-1, immune responses are constitutively activated. The receptor-like kinases (RLKs) BAK1/BKK1 and SOBIR1 are required for the autoimmune phenotype of mc2-1, suggesting that immune signaling mediated by the receptor-like protein (RLP)-type PRRs is activated in mc2-1. A suppressor screen identified multiple mutations in the first exon of MC2, which suppress the autoimmunity in mc2-1. Further analysis revealed that the T-DNA insertion at the end of exon 1 of MC2 causes elevated expression of the MC2 prodomain, and overexpression of the MC2 prodomain in wild-type (WT) plants results in the activation of immune responses. The MC2 prodomain interacts with BIR1, which inhibits RLP-mediated immune signaling by interacting with BAK1, suggesting that the MC2 prodomain promotes plant defense responses by interfering with the function of BIR1. Our study uncovers an unexpected function of the prodomain of a MC in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Hainan Tian
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jianfei Yang
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wenqi Feng
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sydney Bell
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jedrzej Gozdzik
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Fang Gao
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Reinhard Jetter
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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12
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Roosta HR, Samadi A, Bikdeloo M. Different cultivation systems and foliar application of calcium nanoparticles affect the growth and physiological characteristics of pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.). Sci Rep 2023; 13:20334. [PMID: 37989836 PMCID: PMC10663606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47855-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of different cultivation systems (soil cultivation, hydroponic cultivation in greenhouse conditions, and hydroponic vertical cultivation in plant factory under different LED lights) and foliar spraying of nano calcium carbonate on pennyroyal plants. Nano calcium carbonate was applied to the plants at a 7-day interval, three times, one month after planting. Results showed that the greenhouse cultivation system with calcium carbonate foliar spraying produced the highest amount of shoot and root fresh mass in plants. Additionally, foliar spraying of calcium carbonate increased internode length and leaf area in various cultivation systems. Comparing the effects of different light spectrums revealed that red light increased internode length while decreasing leaf length, leaf area, and plant carotenoids. Blue light, on the other hand, increased the leaf area and root length of the plants. The hydroponic greenhouse cultivation system produced plants with the highest levels of chlorophyll, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds. White light-treated plants had less iron and calcium than those exposed to other light spectrums. In conclusion, pennyroyal plants grown in greenhouses or fields had better growth than those grown in plant factories under different light spectrums. Furthermore, the calcium foliar application improved the physiological and biochemical properties of the plants in all the studied systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Roosta
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
| | - Arman Samadi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - Mahdi Bikdeloo
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran
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13
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Sharma S, Ganotra J, Samantaray J, Sahoo RK, Bhardwaj D, Tuteja N. An emerging role of heterotrimeric G-proteins in nodulation and nitrogen sensing. PLANTA 2023; 258:101. [PMID: 37847414 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION A comprehensive understanding of nitrogen signaling cascades involving heterotrimeric G-proteins and their putative receptors can assist in the production of nitrogen-efficient plants. Plants are immobile in nature, so they must endure abiotic stresses including nutrient stress. Plant development and agricultural productivity are frequently constrained by the restricted availability of nitrogen in the soil. Non-legume plants acquire nitrogen from the soil through root membrane-bound transporters. In depleted soil nitrogen conditions, legumes are naturally conditioned to fix atmospheric nitrogen with the aid of nodulation elicited by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Moreover, apart from the symbiotic nitrogen fixation process, nitrogen uptake from the soil can also be a significant secondary source to satisfy the nitrogen requirements of legumes. Heterotrimeric G-proteins function as molecular switches to help plant cells relay diverse stimuli emanating from external stress conditions. They are comprised of Gα, Gβ and Gγ subunits, which cooperate with several downstream effectors to regulate multiple plant signaling events. In the present review, we concentrate on signaling mechanisms that regulate plant nitrogen nutrition. Our review highlights the potential of heterotrimeric G-proteins, together with their putative receptors, to assist the legume root nodule symbiosis (RNS) cascade, particularly during calcium spiking and nodulation. Additionally, the functions of heterotrimeric G-proteins in nitrogen acquisition by plant roots as well as in improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) have also been discussed. Future research oriented towards heterotrimeric G-proteins through genome editing tools can be a game changer in the enhancement of the nitrogen fixation process. This will foster the precise manipulation and production of plants to ensure global food security in an era of climate change by enhancing crop productivity and minimizing reliance on external inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvriti Sharma
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 181143, India
| | - Jahanvi Ganotra
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 181143, India
| | - Jyotipriya Samantaray
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 181143, India
| | - Ranjan Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Deepak Bhardwaj
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 181143, India.
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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14
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Devendrakumar KT, Copeland C, Adamchek C, Zhong X, Huang X, Gendron JM, Li X. Arabidopsis Tubby domain-containing F-box proteins positively regulate immunity by modulating PI4Kβ protein levels. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:354-371. [PMID: 37571862 PMCID: PMC11114105 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The Tubby domain, named after the TUBBY protein in mice, binds to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Arabidopsis has 11 Tubby domain-containing proteins referred to as Tubby-Like Proteins (TLPs). Of the 11 TLPs, 10 possess the N-terminal F-box domain, which can interact with SKP-like proteins and form SKP1-Cullin-F-box E3 ligase complexes. Although mice TUBBY has been extensively studied, plant TLPs' functions are scarcely detailed. In this study, we show that the Arabidopsis Tubby-like protein 6 (TLP6) and its redundant homologs, TLP1, TLP2, TLP5, and TLP10, positively regulate Arabidopsis immune responses. Furthermore, in an immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry analysis to search for ubiquitination substrates of the TLPs, we identified two redundant phosphoinositide biosynthesis enzymes, phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase β proteins (PI4Kβs), PI4Kβ1 and PI4Kβ2, as TLP interactors. Importantly, TLP6 overexpression lines fully phenocopy the phenotypes of the pi4kβ1,2 mutant, while TLP6 overexpression also leads to increased PI4Kβ2 ubiquitination and reduction in its protein level in a proteasome-dependent manner. Most significantly, TLP6 overexpression does not further enhance the autoimmunity of the pi4kβ1,2 double mutant, supporting the hypothesis that TLP6 targets the PI4Kβs for ubiquitination and degradation. Thus, our study reveals a novel mechanism where TLPs promote plant immune responses by modulating the PI4Kβs protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Thulasi Devendrakumar
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Charles Copeland
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Christopher Adamchek
- Yale Science Building, Yale University, 260 Whitney Ave, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Xionghui Zhong
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xingchuan Huang
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Joshua M. Gendron
- Yale Science Building, Yale University, 260 Whitney Ave, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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15
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Yu Q, Zou W, Liu K, Sun J, Chao Y, Sun M, Zhang Q, Wang X, Wang X, Ge L. Lipid transport protein ORP2A promotes glucose signaling by facilitating RGS1 degradation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:3170-3188. [PMID: 37073508 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) are a group of regulators essential for signal transmission into cells. Regulator of G protein signaling 1 (AtRGS1) possesses intrinsic GTPase-accelerating protein (GAP) activity and could suppress G protein and glucose signal transduction in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, how AtRGS1 activity is regulated is poorly understood. Here, we identified a knockout mutant of oxysterol binding protein-related protein 2A, orp2a-1, which exhibits similar phenotypes to the arabidopsis g-protein beta 1-2 (agb1-2) mutant. Transgenic lines overexpressing ORP2A displayed short hypocotyls, a hypersensitive response to sugar, and lower intracellular AtRGS1 levels than the control. Consistently, ORP2A interacted with AtRGS1 in vitro and in vivo. Tissue-specific expression of 2 ORP2A alternative splicing isoforms implied functions in controlling organ size and shape. Bioinformatic data and phenotypes of orp2a-1, agb1-2, and the orp2a-1 agb1-2 double mutant revealed the genetic interactions between ORP2A and Gβ in the regulation of G protein signaling and sugar response. Both alternative protein isoforms of ORP2A localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), plasma membrane (PM), and ER-PM contact sites and interacted with vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein 27-1 (VAP27-1) in vivo and in vitro through their two phenylalanines in an acidic track-like motif. ORP2A also displayed differential phosphatidyl phosphoinositide binding activity mediated by the pleckstrin homology domain in vitro. Taken together, the Arabidopsis membrane protein ORP2A interacts with AtRGS1 and VAP27-1 to positively regulate G protein and sugar signaling by facilitating AtRGS1 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Wenjiao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Kui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Jialu Sun
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yanru Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Mengyao Sun
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Lei Ge
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
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16
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Yang S, Jung S, Lee H. Heterotrimeric G Protein-Mediated Signaling Is Involved in Stress-Mediated Growth Inhibition in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11027. [PMID: 37446209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G protein-mediated signaling plays a vital role in physiological and developmental processes in eukaryotes. On the other hand, because of the absence of a G protein-coupled receptor and self-activating mechanism of the Gα subunit, plants appear to have different regulatory mechanisms, which remain to be elucidated, compared to canonical G protein signaling established in animals. Here we report that Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G protein subunits, such as Gα (GPA1) and Gβ (AGB1), regulate plant growth under stress conditions through the analysis of heterotrimeric G protein mutants. Flg22-mediated growth inhibition in wild-type roots was found to be caused by a defect in the elongation zone, which was partially blocked in agb1-2 but not gpa1-4. These results suggest that AGB1 may negatively regulate plant growth under biotic stress conditions. In addition, GPA1 and AGB1 exhibited genetically opposite effects on FCA-mediated growth inhibition under heat stress conditions. Therefore, these results suggest that plant G protein signaling is probably related to stress-mediated growth regulation for developmental plasticity in response to biotic and abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeun Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 03169, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohee Jung
- Department of Biotechnology, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 03169, Republic of Korea
| | - Horim Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 03169, Republic of Korea
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17
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Ao K, Rohmann PFW, Huang S, Li L, Lipka V, Chen S, Wiermer M, Li X. Puncta-localized TRAF domain protein TC1b contributes to the autoimmunity of snc1. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:591-612. [PMID: 36799433 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Immune receptors play important roles in the perception of pathogens and initiation of immune responses in both plants and animals. Intracellular nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR)-type receptors constitute a major class of receptors in vascular plants. In the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant suppressor of npr1-1, constitutive 1 (snc1), a gain-of-function mutation in the NLR gene SNC1 leads to SNC1 overaccumulation and constitutive activation of defense responses. From a CRISPR/Cas9-based reverse genetics screen in the snc1 autoimmune background, we identified that mutations in TRAF CANDIDATE 1b (TC1b), a gene encoding a protein with four tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) domains, can suppress snc1 phenotypes. TC1b does not appear to be a general immune regulator as it is not required for defense mediated by other tested immune receptors. TC1b also does not physically associate with SNC1, affect SNC1 accumulation, or affect signaling of the downstream helper NLRs represented by ACTIVATED DISEASE RESISTANCE PROTEIN 1-L2 (ADR1-L2), suggesting that TC1b impacts snc1 autoimmunity in a unique way. TC1b can form oligomers and localizes to punctate structures of unknown function. The puncta localization of TC1b strictly requires its coiled-coil (CC) domain, whereas the functionality of TC1b requires the four TRAF domains in addition to the CC. Overall, we uncovered the TRAF domain protein TC1b as a novel positive contributor to plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ao
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Philipp F W Rohmann
- Molecular Biology of Plant-Microbe Interactions Research Group, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
- Biochemistry of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shuai Huang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Lin Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Volker Lipka
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
- Central Microscopy Facility of the Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Goettingen, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - She Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Marcel Wiermer
- Molecular Biology of Plant-Microbe Interactions Research Group, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
- Biochemistry of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xin Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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18
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Xiong XX, Liu Y, Zhang LL, Li XJ, Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Yang QH, Yang Y, Min DH, Zhang XH. G-Protein β-Subunit Gene TaGB1-B Enhances Drought and Salt Resistance in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087337. [PMID: 37108500 PMCID: PMC10138664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the hexaploid wheat genome, there are three Gα genes, three Gβ and twelve Gγ genes, but the function of Gβ in wheat has not been explored. In this study, we obtained the overexpression of TaGB1 Arabidopsis plants through inflorescence infection, and the overexpression of wheat lines was obtained by gene bombardment. The results showed that under drought and NaCl treatment, the survival rate of Arabidopsis seedlings' overexpression of TaGB1-B was higher than that of the wild type, while the survival rate of the related mutant agb1-2 was lower than that of the wild type. The survival rate of wheat seedlings with TaGB1-B overexpression was higher than that of the control. In addition, under drought and salt stress, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and proline (Pro) in the wheat overexpression of TaGB1-B were higher than that of the control, and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was lower than that of the control. This indicates that TaGB1-B could improve the drought resistance and salt tolerance of Arabidopsis and wheat by scavenging active oxygen. Overall, this work provides a theoretical basis for wheat G-protein β-subunits in a further study, and new genetic resources for the cultivation of drought-tolerant and salt-tolerant wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qian-Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Dong-Hong Min
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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19
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Hernández PM, Arango CA, Kim SK, Jaramillo-Botero A, Goddard WA. Predicted Three-Dimensional Structure of the GCR1 Putative GPCR in Arabidopsis thaliana and Its Binding to Abscisic Acid and Gibberellin A1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:5770-5782. [PMID: 36977192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
GCR1 has been proposed as a plant analogue to animal G-protein-coupled receptors that can promote or regulate several physiological processes by binding different phytohormones. For instance, abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin A1 (GA1) have been shown to promote or regulate germination and flowering, root elongation, dormancy, and biotic and abiotic stresses, among others. They may act through binding to GCR1, which would put GCR1 at the heart of key signaling processes of agronomic importance. Unfortunately, this GPCR function has yet to be fully validated due to the lack of an X-ray or cryo-EM 3D atomistic structure for GCR1. Here, we used the primary sequence data from Arabidopsis thaliana and the GEnSeMBLE complete sampling method to examine 13 trillion possible packings of the 7 transmembrane helical domains corresponding to GCR1 to downselect an ensemble of 25 configurations likely to be accessible to the binding of ABA or GA1. We then predicted the best binding sites and energies for both phytohormones to the best GCR1 configurations. To provide the basis for the experimental validation of our predicted ligand-GCR1 structures, we identify several mutations that should improve or weaken the interactions. Such validations could help establish the physiological role of GCR1 in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos A Arango
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Valle del Cauca 760031 Colombia
| | - Soo-Kyung Kim
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MC-139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Andres Jaramillo-Botero
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MC-139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MC-139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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20
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Chen C, Yang Y, Pan L, Xia W, Xu L, Hua B, Zhang Z, Miao M. Genome-Wide Identification of WD40 Proteins in Cucurbita maxima Reveals Its Potential Functions in Fruit Development. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14010220. [PMID: 36672961 PMCID: PMC9859561 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
WD40 proteins, a super gene family in eukaryotes, are involved in multiple biological processes. Members of this family have been identified in several plants and shown to play key roles in various development processes, including acting as scaffolding molecules with other proteins. However, WD40 proteins have not yet been systematically analyzed and identified in Cucurbita maxima. In this study, 231 WD40 proteins (CmWD40s) were identified in C. maxima and classified into five clusters. Eleven subfamilies were identified based on different conserved motifs and gene structures. The CmWD40 genes were distributed in 20 chromosomes; 5 and 33 pairs of CmWD40s were distinguished as tandem and segmental duplications, respectively. Overall, 58 pairs of orthologous WD40 genes in C. maxima and Arabidopsis thaliana, and 56 pairs of orthologous WD40 genes in C. maxima and Cucumis sativus were matched. Numerous CmWD40s had diverse expression patterns in fruits, leaf, stem, and root. Several genes were involved in responses to NaCl. The expression pattern of CmWD40s suggested their key role in fruit development and abiotic stress response. Finally, we identified 14 genes which might be involved in fruit development. Our results provide valuable basis for further functional verification of CmWD40s in C. maxima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yating Yang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Liu Pan
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wenhao Xia
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lanruoyan Xu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Bing Hua
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Minmin Miao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence:
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21
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Afrin T, Costello CN, Monella AN, Kørner CJ, Pajerowska-Mukhtar KM. The interplay of GTP-binding protein AGB1 with ER stress sensors IRE1a and IRE1b modulates Arabidopsis unfolded protein response and bacterial immunity. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2018857. [PMID: 34968413 PMCID: PMC8920210 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.2018857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) results in ER stress that induces a cascade of reactions called the unfolded protein response (UPR). In Arabidopsis, the most conserved UPR sensor, Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), responds to both abiotic- and biotic-induced ER stress. Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) constitute another universal and conserved family of signal transducers that have been extensively investigated due to their ubiquitous presence and diverse nature of action. Arabidopsis GTP-binding protein β1 (AGB1) is the only G-protein β-subunit encoded by the Arabidopsis genome that is involved in numerous signaling pathways. Mounting evidence suggests the existence of a crosstalk between IRE1 and G protein signaling during ER stress. AGB1 has previously been shown to control a distinct UPR pathway independently of IRE1 when treated with an ER stress inducer tunicamycin. Our results obtained with combinatorial knockout mutants support the hypothesis that both IRE1 and AGB1 synergistically contribute to ER stress responses chemically induced by dithiothreitol (DTT) as well as to the immune responses against a phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000. Our study highlights the crosstalk between the plant UPR transducers under abiotic and biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiaba Afrin
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Caitlin N. Costello
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amber N. Monella
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Camilla J. Kørner
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, USA
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22
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Bhagat PK, Sharma D, Verma D, Singh K, Sinha AK. Arabidopsis MPK3 and MPK6 regulates D-glucose signaling and interacts with G-protein, RGS1. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 325:111484. [PMID: 36195119 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sugar as a signaling molecule has attracted lots of attention. Even though several kinases have been shown to play a crucial role in the sugar signaling and response to exogenous D-glucose (Glc), the information on the involvement of MAP kinase cascade in sugar signaling has remain largely unexplored. In this report we demonstrate that MAP kinase signaling is essential for sensitivity to higher concentrations of D-Glc in Arabidopsis. We found that D-Glc activates MAP kinases, MPK3 and MPK6 in a concentration and time-dependent manner. The mutants of mpk3 and mpk6 display hyposensitivity to 6% D-Glc during seed germination, cotyledon greening and root growth. Interestingly, the altered sensitivity to increased D-Glc is severely enhanced by addition of 1% Sucrose in the media. Our study also deciphered the role of one of the Glc sensor proteins, RGS1 that interacts and gets phosphorylated at its C-terminal domain by MPK3 and MPK6. Overall our study provides a new insight on the involvement of MAP kinases in association with G-proteins that might regulate sugar signaling and sugar responsive growth and development in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepika Sharma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
| | - Deepanjali Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
| | - Kirti Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
| | - Alok Krishna Sinha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India.
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23
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Brunetti SC, Arseneault MKM, Gulick PJ. The caleosin CLO7 and its role in the heterotrimeric G-protein signalling network. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 279:153841. [PMID: 36334585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of the caleosin CLO7 in relation to heterotrimeric G-protein signalling in Arabidopsis showed that the gene plays a role in seed germination and embryo viability. The caleosin CLO7 belongs to a multi-gene family of calcium-binding proteins which are characterized by single EF-hand motifs. Other members of the caleosin gene family have been shown to affect transpiration and seed germination as well as play a role in both abiotic and biotic stress responses. The proteins are associated with lipid droplets/oil bodies and some members of the gene family have been shown to have peroxygenase activity. Members of the gene family have also been shown to interact with the α subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein complex. In this study, we further expand on the diversity of physiological responses in which members of this gene family play regulatory roles. Utilizing BiFC and Y2H protein-protein interaction assays, CLO7 is identified as an interactor of the heterotrimeric G protein α subunit, GPA1. The full-length CLO7 is shown to interact with both the wild-type GPA1 and its constitutively active form, GPA1QL, at the plasma membrane. Point mutations to critical amino acids for calcium binding in the EF-hand of CLO7 indicate that the interaction with GPA1 is calcium-dependent and that the interaction with GPA1QL is enhanced by calcium. Protein-protein interaction assays also show that CLO7 interacts with Pirin1, a member of the cupin gene superfamily and a known downstream effector of GPA1, and this interaction is calcium-dependent. The N-terminal portion of CLO7 is responsible for these interactions. GFP-tagged CLO7 protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and to lipid bodies. Characterization of the clo7 mutant line has shown that CLO7 is implicated in the abscisic acid (ABA) and mannitol-mediated inhibition of seed germination, with the clo7 mutant displaying higher germination rates in response to osmotic stress and ABA hormone treatment. These results provide insight into the role of CLO7 in seed germination in response to abiotic stress as well as its interaction with GPA1 and Pirin1. CLO7 also plays a role in embryo viability with the clo7gpa1 double mutant displaying embryo lethality, and therefore the double mutant cannot be recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina C Brunetti
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W. Montreal (Quebec) H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Michelle K M Arseneault
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W. Montreal (Quebec) H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Patrick J Gulick
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W. Montreal (Quebec) H4B 1R6, Canada.
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24
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Li X, Deng D, Cataltepe G, Román Á, Buckley CR, Cassano Monte‐Bello C, Skirycz A, Caldana C, Haydon MJ. A reactive oxygen species Ca 2+ signalling pathway identified from a chemical screen for modifiers of sugar-activated circadian gene expression. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1027-1041. [PMID: 35842791 PMCID: PMC9804775 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sugars are essential metabolites for energy and anabolism that can also act as signals to regulate plant physiology and development. Experimental tools to disrupt major sugar signalling pathways are limited. We performed a chemical screen for modifiers of activation of circadian gene expression by sugars to discover pharmacological tools to investigate and manipulate plant sugar signalling. Using a library of commercially available bioactive compounds, we identified 75 confident hits that modified the response of a circadian luciferase reporter to sucrose in dark-adapted Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. We validated the transcriptional effect on a subset of the hits and measured their effects on a range of sugar-dependent phenotypes for 13 of these chemicals. Chemicals were identified that appear to influence known and unknown sugar signalling pathways. Pentamidine isethionate was identified as a modifier of a sugar-activated Ca2+ signal that acts as a calmodulin inhibitor downstream of superoxide in a metabolic signalling pathway affecting circadian rhythms, primary metabolism and plant growth. Our data provide a resource of new experimental tools to manipulate plant sugar signalling and identify novel components of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVic.3010Australia
| | - Dongjing Deng
- School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVic.3010Australia
| | - Gizem Cataltepe
- School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVic.3010Australia
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology14476PotsdamGermany
| | - Ángela Román
- School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVic.3010Australia
| | | | | | | | - Camila Caldana
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology14476PotsdamGermany
| | - Michael J. Haydon
- School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVic.3010Australia
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25
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Smythers AL, Bhatnagar N, Ha C, Majumdar P, McConnell EW, Mohanasundaram B, Hicks LM, Pandey S. Abscisic acid-controlled redox proteome of Arabidopsis and its regulation by heterotrimeric Gβ protein. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:447-463. [PMID: 35766993 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays crucial roles in regulation of stress responses and growth modulation. Heterotrimeric G-proteins are key mediators of ABA responses. Both ABA and G-proteins have also been implicated in intracellular redox regulation; however, the extent to which reversible protein oxidation manipulates ABA and/or G-protein signaling remains uncharacterized. To probe the role of reversible protein oxidation in plant stress response and its dependence on G-proteins, we determined the ABA-dependent reversible redoxome of wild-type and Gβ-protein null mutant agb1 of Arabidopsis. We quantified 6891 uniquely oxidized cysteine-containing peptides, 923 of which show significant changes in oxidation following ABA treatment. The majority of these changes required the presence of G-proteins. Divergent pathways including primary metabolism, reactive oxygen species response, translation and photosynthesis exhibited both ABA- and G-protein-dependent redox changes, many of which occurred on proteins not previously linked to them. We report the most comprehensive ABA-dependent plant redoxome and uncover a complex network of reversible oxidations that allow ABA and G-proteins to rapidly adjust cellular signaling to adapt to changing environments. Physiological validation of a subset of these observations suggests that functional G-proteins are required to maintain intracellular redox homeostasis and fully execute plant stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Smythers
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | | - Chien Ha
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | | | - Evan W McConnell
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | | - Leslie M Hicks
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Sona Pandey
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
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26
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Boonyaves K, Wu TY, Dong Y, Urano D. Interplay between ARABIDOPSIS Gβ and WRKY transcription factors differentiates environmental stress responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:813-827. [PMID: 35748759 PMCID: PMC9434291 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Different environmental stresses often evoke similar physiological disorders such as growth retardation; however, specific consequences reported among individual stresses indicate potential mechanisms to distinguish different stress types in plants. Here, we examined mechanisms to differentiate between stress types in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Gene expression patterns recapitulating several abiotic stress responses suggested abscisic acid (ABA) as a mediator of the common stress response, while stress type-specific responses were related to metabolic adaptations. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses identified Arabidopsis Gβ (AGB1) mediating the common stress-responsive genes and primary metabolisms under nitrogen excess. AGB1 regulated the expressions of multiple WRKY transcription factors. Gene Ontology and mutant analyses revealed different roles among WRKYs: WRKY40 is involved in ABA and common stress responses, while WRKY75 regulates metabolic processes. The AGB1-WRKY signaling module controlled developmental plasticity in roots under nitrogen excess. Signal transmission from AGB1 to a selective set of WRKYs would be essential to evoke unique responses to different types of stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting-Ying Wu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Yating Dong
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Singapore
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27
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Petutschnig E, Anders J, Stolze M, Meusel C, Hacke R, Much L, Schwier M, Gippert AL, Kroll S, Fasshauer P, Wiermer M, Lipka V. EXTRA LARGE G-PROTEIN2 mediates cell death and hyperimmunity in the chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1-4 mutant. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:2413-2431. [PMID: 35522044 PMCID: PMC9342992 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G-proteins are signal transduction complexes that comprised three subunits, Gα, Gβ, and Gγ, and are involved in many aspects of plant life. The noncanonical Gα subunit EXTRA LARGE G-PROTEIN2 (XLG2) mediates pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and immunity downstream of pattern recognition receptors. A mutant of the chitin receptor component CHITIN ELICITOR RECEPTOR KINASE1 (CERK1), cerk1-4, maintains normal chitin signaling capacity but shows excessive cell death upon infection with powdery mildew fungi. We identified XLG2 mutants as suppressors of the cerk1-4 phenotype. Mutations in XLG2 complex partners ARABIDOPSIS Gβ1 (AGB1) and Gγ1 (AGG1) have a partial cerk1-4 suppressor effect. Contrary to its role in PAMP-induced immunity, XLG2-mediated control of ROS production by RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOGUE D (RBOHD) is not critical for cerk1-4-associated cell death and hyperimmunity. The cerk1-4 phenotype is also independent of the co-receptor/adapter kinases BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (BAK1) and SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1 1 (SOBIR1), but requires the E3 ubiquitin ligase PLANT U-BOX 2 (PUB2). XLG2 localizes to both the cell periphery and nucleus, and the cerk1-4 cell death phenotype is mediated by the cell periphery pool of XLG2. Integrity of the XLG2 N-terminal domain, but not its phosphorylation, is essential for correct XLG2 localization and formation of the cerk1-4 phenotype. Our results support a model in which XLG2 acts downstream of an unknown cell surface receptor that activates an NADPH oxidase-independent cell death pathway in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Anders
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Marnie Stolze
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Christopher Meusel
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Ronja Hacke
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Laura Much
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Melina Schwier
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Gippert
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Samuel Kroll
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Patrick Fasshauer
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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28
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Chen Y, Wang S, Du W, Wang Y, Wu Y, Li W, Ding Y, Wang Y. G-protein couples MAPK cascade through maize heterotrimeric Gβ subunit. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1763-1774. [PMID: 35737098 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02891-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
G protein couples MAPK cascade through maize heterotrimeric Gβ subunit MGB1. Heterotrimeric G protein Gβ interacts with Gγ subunit to generate Gβγ dimer in modulation of various biological processes. The modulatory events at transcriptome scale of plant Gβ subunit remain largely unknown. To reveal the regulatory basis of Gβ subunit at transcriptome level, we first identified a canonical maize Gβ subunit MGB1 that physically interacted with Type C Gγ protein MGG4. For transcriptome analysis, two independent CRISPR/Cas9-edited MGB1 lines were generated, which all exhibited growth arrest, suggestive of MGB1 essential for maize seedling establishment. Transcriptomic outcomes showed that MGB1 knockout resulted in elevated transcriptional abundance of plant immune response marker PR and immune receptor RPM1. Integrated GO, KEGG, and GSEA analyses pinpointed the enrichment of differentially expressed genes in defense response pathway. Functional association network construction revealed MAPK cascade components and PR protein as hub regulators of MGB1-mediated immune signaling. MGB1 and scaffold protein ZmRACK1 together with MAPK cascade components coordinately modulated maize immune responses. We built a modulatory hierarchy of Gβ subunit at transcriptome and interacting scales, which is informative for our understanding of the regulatory basis of G protein signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wenhui Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yinting Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yuhang Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Molecular Identification of the G-Protein Genes and Their Expression Profiles in Response to Nitrogen Deprivation in Brassica napus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158151. [PMID: 35897727 PMCID: PMC9330883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein) consisting of Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits is one of the key signal transducers in plants. Recent studies indicated that G-protein has been proposed as an important mediator of nitrogen responses in rice, wheat, and Arabidopsis. However, little is known about these G-proteins in Brassica napus (B. napus), except for three identified G-proteins, BnGA1, BnGB1, and BnGG2. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to characterize the members of the G-protein gene family in allotetraploid B. napus and to analyze their expression profiles in response to nitrogen deprivation. In total, 21 G-protein family members were identified in B. napus, encoding two Gα, six Gβ, and 13 Gγ. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that although genome-wide triploid events increased the number of genes encoding Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits, the gene structure and protein properties of the genes encoding each G-protein subunit were extremely conserved. Collinearity analysis showed that most G-protein genes in B. napus had syntenic relationships with G-protein members of Arabidopsis, Brassica rape (B. rapa), and Brassica oleracea (B. oleracea). Expression profile analysis indicated that Gα and C-type Gγ genes (except BnGG10 and BnGG12 were highly expressed in flower and ovule) were barely expressed in most organs, whereas most Gβ and A-type Gγ genes tended to be highly expressed in most organs. G-protein genes also showed various expression patterns in response to nitrogen-deficient conditions. Under nitrogen deficiency, Gα and five C-type Gγ genes were upregulated initially in roots, while in leaves, Gα was downregulated initially and five C-type Gγ genes were highly expressed in different times. These results provide a complex genetic dissection of G-protein genes in B. napus, and insight into the biological functions of G-protein genes in response to nitrogen deficiency.
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Gawande ND, Hamiditabar Z, Brunetti SC, Gulick PJ. Characterization of the heterotrimeric G protein gene families in Triticum aestivum and related species. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:99. [PMID: 35463045 PMCID: PMC8938547 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterizes the heterotrimeric G protein gene families in Triticum aestivum, their tissue-specific expression patterns during development and in response to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. There are three Gα genes, three Gβ and 12 Gγ genes, totaling 18 genes encoding heterotrimeric G proteins in the hexaploid wheat genome. Each haploid genome of the hexaploid T. aestivum has a single gene encoding the α subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein complex, GA1, a single Gβ and four Gγ genes. Each gene has three homeologous copies in the A, B and D genomes. The physical interaction between the Gβ (Gpb) and two Gγ subunits, Gpg1 and Gpg2, was shown through bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). The gene expression in response to biotic and abiotic stresses showed both up-regulation and down-regulation of members of the gene families. Gγ2-B and Gγ2-D are significantly upregulated during heat stress, GA1-D is upregulated by cold stress and Gγ1-A and Gγ1-D were upregulated by Fusarium graminearum inoculation in a F. graminearum resistant cultivar. This suggests that these members may play roles in biotic and abiotic signaling pathways and the roles of these genes within these pathways need further investigation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03156-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh D. Gawande
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, Montreal, QB H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Zeynab Hamiditabar
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, Montreal, QB H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Sabrina C. Brunetti
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, Montreal, QB H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Patrick J. Gulick
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, Montreal, QB H4B 1R6 Canada
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31
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Ghusinga KR, Elston TC, Jones AM. Towards resolution of a paradox in plant G-protein signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:807-815. [PMID: 34791482 PMCID: PMC8825252 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
G-proteins are molecular on-off switches that are involved in transmitting a variety of extracellular signals to their intracellular targets. In animal and yeast systems, the switch property is encoded through nucleotides: a GDP-bound state is the "off-state" and the GTP-bound state is the "on-state". The G-protein cycle consists of the switch turning on through nucleotide exchange facilitated by a G-protein coupled receptor and the switch turning off through hydrolysis of GTP back to GDP, facilitated by a protein designated REGULATOR OF G SIGNALING 1 (RGS). In plants, G-protein signaling dramatically differs from that in animals and yeast. Despite stringent conservation of the nucleotide binding and catalytic structures over the 1.6 billion years that separate the evolution of plants and animals, genetic and biochemical data indicate that nucleotide exchange is less critical for this switch to operate in plants. Also, the loss of the single RGS protein in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) confers unexpectedly weaker phenotypes consistent with a diminished role for the G cycle, at least under static conditions. However, under dynamic conditions, genetic ablation of RGS in Arabidopsis results in a strong phenotype. We explore explanations to this conundrum by formulating a mathematical model that takes into account the accruing evidence for the indispensable role of phosphorylation in G-protein signaling in plants and that the G-protein cycle is needed to process dynamic signal inputs. We speculate that the plant G-protein cycle and its attendant components evolved to process dynamic signals through signaling modulation rather than through on-off, switch-like regulation of signaling. This so-called change detection may impart greater fitness for plants due to their sessility in a dynamic light, temperature, and pest environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khem Raj Ghusinga
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Timothy C Elston
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alan M Jones
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Bovin AD, Pavlova OA, Dolgikh AV, Leppyanen IV, Dolgikh EA. The Role of Heterotrimeric G-Protein Beta Subunits During Nodulation in Medicago truncatula Gaertn and Pisum sativum L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:808573. [PMID: 35095980 PMCID: PMC8790031 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.808573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G-proteins regulate plant growth and development as master regulators of signaling pathways. In legumes with indeterminate nodules (e.g., Medicago truncatula and Pisum sativum), the role of heterotrimeric G-proteins in symbiosis development has not been investigated extensively. Here, the involvement of heterotrimeric G-proteins in M. truncatula and P. sativum nodulation was evaluated. A genome-based search for G-protein subunit-coding genes revealed that M. truncatula and P. sativum harbored only one gene each for encoding the canonical heterotrimeric G-protein beta subunits, MtG beta 1 and PsG beta 1, respectively. RNAi-based suppression of MtGbeta1 and PsGbeta1 significantly decreased the number of nodules formed, suggesting the involvement of G-protein beta subunits in symbiosis in both legumes. Analysis of composite M. truncatula plants carrying the pMtGbeta1:GUS construct showed β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining in developing nodule primordia and young nodules, consistent with data on the role of G-proteins in controlling organ development and cell proliferation. In mature nodules, GUS staining was the most intense in the meristem and invasion zone (II), while it was less prominent in the apical part of the nitrogen-fixing zone (III). Thus, MtG beta 1 may be involved in the maintenance of meristem development and regulation of the infection process during symbiosis. Protein-protein interaction studies using co-immunoprecipitation revealed the possible composition of G-protein complexes and interaction of G-protein subunits with phospholipase C (PLC), suggesting a cross-talk between G-protein- and PLC-mediated signaling pathways in these legumes. Our findings provide direct evidence regarding the role of MtG beta 1 and PsG beta 1 in symbiosis development regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey D. Bovin
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga A. Pavlova
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandra V. Dolgikh
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina V. Leppyanen
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena A. Dolgikh
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Escudero V, Ferreira Sánchez D, Abreu I, Sopeña-Torres S, Makarovsky-Saavedra N, Bernal M, Krämer U, Grolimund D, González-Guerrero M, Jordá L. Arabidopsis thaliana Zn2+-efflux ATPases HMA2 and HMA4 are required for resistance to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:339-350. [PMID: 34463334 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential nutrient at low concentrations, but toxic at slightly higher ones. It has been proposed that hyperaccumulator plants may use the excess zinc to fend off pathogens and herbivores. However, there is little evidence of a similar response in other plants. Here we show that Arabidopsis thaliana leaves inoculated with the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM) accumulate zinc and manganese at the infection site. Zinc accumulation did not occur in a double mutant in the zinc transporters HEAVY METAL ATPASE2 and HEAVY METAL ATPASE4 (HMA2 and HMA4), which has reduced zinc translocation from roots to shoots. Consistent with a role in plant immunity, expression of HMA2 and HMA4 was up-regulated upon PcBMM inoculation, and hma2hma4 mutants were more susceptible to PcBMM infection. This phenotype was rescued upon zinc supplementation. The increased susceptibility to PcBMM infection was not due to the diminished expression of genes involved in the salicylic acid, ethylene, or jasmonate pathways since they were constitutively up-regulated in hma2hma4 plants. Our data indicate a role of zinc in resistance to PcBMM in plants containing ordinary levels of zinc. This layer of immunity runs in parallel to the already characterized defence pathways, and its removal has a direct effect on resistance to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Escudero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28223. Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Darío Ferreira Sánchez
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Swiss Light Source, microXAS Beamline Project, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Isidro Abreu
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28223. Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Sara Sopeña-Torres
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28223. Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Natalia Makarovsky-Saavedra
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28223. Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - María Bernal
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants. Ruhr University Bochum. Universitätstrasse, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ute Krämer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants. Ruhr University Bochum. Universitätstrasse, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Grolimund
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Swiss Light Source, microXAS Beamline Project, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Manuel González-Guerrero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28223. Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Jordá
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28223. Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Mishra BS, Sharma M, Laxmi A. Role of sugar and auxin crosstalk in plant growth and development. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13546. [PMID: 34480799 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Under the natural environment, nutrient signals interact with phytohormones to coordinate and reprogram plant growth and survival. Sugars are important molecules that control almost all morphological and physiological processes in plants, ranging from seed germination to senescence. In addition to their functions as energy resources, osmoregulation, storage molecules, and structural components, sugars function as signaling molecules and interact with various plant signaling pathways, such as hormones, stress, and light to modulate growth and development according to fluctuating environmental conditions. Auxin, being an important phytohormone, is associated with almost all stages of the plant's life cycle and also plays a vital role in response to the dynamic environment for better growth and survival. In the previous years, substantial progress has been made that showed a range of common responses mediated by sugars and auxin signaling. This review discusses how sugar signaling affects auxin at various levels from its biosynthesis to perception and downstream gene activation. On the same note, the review also highlights the role of auxin signaling in fine-tuning sugar metabolism and carbon partitioning. Furthermore, we discussed the crosstalk between the two signaling machineries in the regulation of various biological processes, such as gene expression, cell cycle, development, root system architecture, and shoot growth. In conclusion, the review emphasized the role of sugar and auxin crosstalk in the regulation of several agriculturally important traits. Thus, engineering of sugar and auxin signaling pathways could potentially provide new avenues to manipulate for agricultural purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuwaneshwar Sharan Mishra
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
- Bhuwaneshwar Sharan Mishra, Ram Gulam Rai P. G. College Banktashiv, Affiliated to Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University Gorakhpur, Deoria, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohan Sharma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashverya Laxmi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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Ramasamy M, Damaj MB, Vargas-Bautista C, Mora V, Liu J, Padilla CS, Irigoyen S, Saini T, Sahoo N, DaSilva JA, Mandadi KK. A Sugarcane G-Protein-Coupled Receptor, ShGPCR1, Confers Tolerance to Multiple Abiotic Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:745891. [PMID: 35295863 PMCID: PMC8919185 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.745891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a prominent source of sugar and serves as bioenergy/biomass feedstock globally. Multiple biotic and abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, and cold, adversely affect sugarcane yield. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are components of G-protein-mediated signaling affecting plant growth, development, and stress responses. Here, we identified a GPCR-like protein (ShGPCR1) from sugarcane and energy cane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) and characterized its function in conferring tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. ShGPCR1 protein sequence contained nine predicted transmembrane (TM) domains connected by four extracellular and four intracellular loops, which could interact with various ligands and heterotrimeric G proteins in the cells. ShGPCR1 sequence displayed other signature features of a GPCR, such as a putative guanidine triphosphate (GTP)-binding domain, as well as multiple myristoylation and protein phosphorylation sites, presumably important for its biochemical function. Expression of ShGPCR1 was upregulated by drought, salinity, and cold stresses. Subcellular imaging and calcium (Ca2+) measurements revealed that ShGPCR1 predominantly localized to the plasma membrane and enhanced intracellular Ca2+ levels in response to GTP, respectively. Furthermore, constitutive overexpression of ShGPCR1 in sugarcane conferred tolerance to the three stressors. The stress-tolerance phenotype of the transgenic lines corresponded with activation of multiple drought-, salinity-, and cold-stress marker genes, such as Saccharum spp. LATE EMBRYOGENESIS ABUNDANT, DEHYDRIN, DROUGHT RESPONSIVE 4, GALACTINOL SYNTHASE, ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR 3, SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE 1, VACUOLAR Na+/H+ ANTIPORTER 1, NAM/ATAF1/2/CUC2, COLD RESPONSIVE FACTOR 2, and ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE 3. We suggest that ShGPCR1 plays a key role in conferring tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses, and the engineered lines may be useful to enhance sugarcane production in marginal environments with fewer resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Ramasamy
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Mona B. Damaj
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | | | - Victoria Mora
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Carmen S. Padilla
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Sonia Irigoyen
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Tripti Saini
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States
| | - Nirakar Sahoo
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States
| | - Jorge A. DaSilva
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Kranthi K. Mandadi
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Ninh TT, Gao W, Trusov Y, Zhao J, Long L, Song C, Botella JR. Tomato and cotton G protein beta subunit mutants display constitutive autoimmune responses. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e359. [PMID: 34765865 PMCID: PMC8573408 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G protein Gβ-deficient mutants in rice and maize display constitutive immune responses, whereas Arabidopsis Gβ mutants show impaired defense, suggesting the existence of functional differences between monocots and dicots. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we produced one hemizygous tomato line with a mutated SlGB1 Gβ gene. Homozygous slgb1 knockout mutants exhibit all the hallmarks of autoimmune mutants, including development of necrotic lesions, constitutive expression of defense-related genes, and high endogenous levels of salicylic acid (SA) and reactive oxygen species, resulting in early seedling lethality. Virus-induced silencing of Gβ in cotton reproduced the symptoms observed in tomato mutants, confirming that the autoimmune phenotype is not limited to monocot species but is also shared by dicots. Even though multiple genes involved in SA and ethylene signaling are highly induced by Gβ silencing in tomato and cotton, co-silencing of SA or ethylene signaling components in cotton failed to suppress the lethal phenotype, whereas co-silencing of the oxidative burst oxidase RbohD can repress lethality. Despite the autoimmune response observed in slgb1 mutants, we show that SlGB1 is a positive regulator of the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) response in tomato. We speculate that the phenotypic differences observed between Arabidopsis and tomato/cotton/rice/maize Gβ knockouts do not necessarily reflect divergences in G protein-mediated defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thao Ninh
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of BiotechnologyVietnam National University of AgricultureHanoiVietnam
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life ScienceHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Yuri Trusov
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Jing‐Ruo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life ScienceHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Lu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life ScienceHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Chun‐Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life ScienceHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Jose Ramon Botella
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
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Maruta N, Trusov Y, Jones AM, Botella JR. Heterotrimeric G Proteins in Plants: Canonical and Atypical Gα Subunits. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11841. [PMID: 34769272 PMCID: PMC8584482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins), consisting of Gα, Gβ and Gγ subunits, transduce signals from a diverse range of extracellular stimuli, resulting in the regulation of numerous cellular and physiological functions in Eukaryotes. According to the classic G protein paradigm established in animal models, the bound guanine nucleotide on a Gα subunit, either guanosine diphosphate (GDP) or guanosine triphosphate (GTP) determines the inactive or active mode, respectively. In plants, there are two types of Gα subunits: canonical Gα subunits structurally similar to their animal counterparts and unconventional extra-large Gα subunits (XLGs) containing a C-terminal domain homologous to the canonical Gα along with an extended N-terminal domain. Both Gα and XLG subunits interact with Gβγ dimers and regulator of G protein signalling (RGS) protein. Plant G proteins are implicated directly or indirectly in developmental processes, stress responses, and innate immunity. It is established that despite the substantial overall similarity between plant and animal Gα subunits, they convey signalling differently including the mechanism by which they are activated. This review emphasizes the unique characteristics of plant Gα subunits and speculates on their unique signalling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Maruta
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; (N.M.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yuri Trusov
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; (N.M.); (Y.T.)
| | - Alan M. Jones
- Departments of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jose R. Botella
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; (N.M.); (Y.T.)
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Genome‑wide characterization of the Gα subunit gene family in Rosaceae and expression analysis of PbrGPAs under heat stress. Gene 2021; 810:146056. [PMID: 34732368 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Gα subunit is an important component of the heterotrimeric G-protein complex and an integral component of several signal transduction pathways. It plays crucial roles in the diverse processes of plant growth and development, including the response to abiotic stress, regulation of root development, involvement in stomatal movement, and participation in hormone responses, which have been well investigated in many species. However, no comprehensive analysis has identified and explored the evolution, expression pattern characteristics and heat stress response of the Gα subunit genes in Rosaceae. In this study, 52 Gα subunit genes were identified in eight Rosaceae species; these genes were divided into three subfamilies (I, II, and III) based on their phylogenetic, conserved motif, and structural characteristics. Whole genome and dispersed duplication events were found to have contributed significantly to the expansion of the Gα subunit gene family, and purifying selection to have played a key role in the evolution of Gα subunit genes. An expression analysis identified some PbrGPA genes that were highly expressed in leaf, root, and fruit, and exhibited diverse spatiotemporal expression models in pear. Under abiotic stress conditions, the mRNA transcript levels of PbrGPA genes were up-regulated in response to high temperature treatment in leaves. Furthermore, three Gα subunit genes were shown to be located in the plasma membrane and nucleus in pear. In conclusion, the study of the Gα subunit gene family will help us to better understand its evolutionary history and expression patterns, while facilitating further investigations into the function of the Gα subunit gene in response to heat stress.
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Brunetti SC, Arseneault MKM, Wright JA, Wang Z, Ehdaeivand MR, Lowden MJ, Rivoal J, Khalil HB, Garg G, Gulick PJ. The stress induced caleosin, RD20/CLO3, acts as a negative regulator of GPA1 in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:159-175. [PMID: 34599731 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A stress induced calcium-binding protein, RD20/CLO3 interacts with the alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein complex in Arabidopsis and affects etiolation and leaf morphology. Heterotrimeric G proteins and calcium signaling have both been shown to play a role in the response to environmental abiotic stress in plants; however, the interaction between calcium-binding proteins and G-protein signaling molecules remains elusive. We investigated the interaction between the alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein complex, GPA1, of Arabidopsis thaliana with the calcium-binding protein, the caleosin RD20/CLO3, a gene strongly induced by drought, salt and abscisic acid. The proteins were found to interact in vivo by bimolecular fluorescent complementation (BiFC); the interaction was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and to oil bodies within the cell. The constitutively GTP-bound GPA1 (GPA1QL) also interacts with RD20/CLO3 as well as its EF-hand mutant variations and these interactions are localized to the plasma membrane. The N-terminal portion of RD20/CLO3 was found to be responsible for the interaction with GPA1 and GPA1QL using both BiFC and yeast two-hybrid assays. RD20/CLO3 contains a single calcium-binding EF-hand in the N-terminal portion of the protein; disruption of the calcium-binding capacity of the protein obliterates interaction with GPA1 in in vivo assays and decreases the interaction between the caleosin and the constitutively active GPA1QL. Analysis of rd20/clo3 mutants shows that RD20/CLO3 plays a key role in the signaling pathway controlling hypocotyl length in dark grown seedlings and in leaf morphology. Our findings indicate a novel role for RD20/CLO3 as a negative regulator of GPA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina C Brunetti
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W., Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Michelle K M Arseneault
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W., Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Justin A Wright
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W., Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Zhejun Wang
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W., Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | | | - Michael J Lowden
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W., Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Jean Rivoal
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Hala B Khalil
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W., Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain-Shams University, Shoubra El-khema, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gajra Garg
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W., Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
- Department of Biotechnology & Microbiology, Mahatma Jyoti Rao Phoole University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Patrick J Gulick
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W., Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.
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Wang K, Xu F, Yuan W, Zhang D, Liu J, Sun L, Cui L, Zhang J, Xu W. Rice G protein γ subunit qPE9-1 modulates root elongation for phosphorus uptake by involving 14-3-3 protein OsGF14b and plasma membrane H + -ATPase. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1603-1615. [PMID: 34216063 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G protein is involved in plant growth and development, while the role of rice (Oryza sativa) G protein γ subunit qPE9-1 in response to low-phosphorus (LP) conditions remains unclear. The gene expression of qPE9-1 was significantly induced in rice roots under LP conditions. Rice varieties carrying the qPE9-1 allele showed a stronger primary root response to LP than the varieties carrying the qpe9-1 allele (mutant of the qPE9-1 allele). Transgenic rice plants with the qPE9-1 allele had longer primary roots and higher P concentrations than those with the qpe9-1 allele under LP conditions. The plasma membrane (PM) H+ -ATPase was important for the qPE9-1-mediated response to LP. Furthermore, OsGF14b, a 14-3-3 protein that acts as a key component in activating PM H+ -ATPase for root elongation, is also involved in the qPE9-1 mediation. Moreover, the overexpression of OsGF14b in WYJ8 (carrying the qpe9-1 allele) partially increased primary root length under LP conditions. Experiments using R18 peptide (a 14-3-3 protein inhibitor) showed that qPE9-1 is important for primary root elongation and H+ efflux under LP conditions by involving the 14-3-3 protein. In addition, rhizosheath weight, total P content, and the rhizosheath soil Olsen-P concentration of qPE9-1 lines were higher than those of qpe9-1 lines under soil drying and LP conditions. These results suggest that the G protein γ subunit qPE9-1 in rice plants modulates root elongation for phosphorus uptake by involving the 14-3-3 protein OsGF14b and PM H+ -ATPase, which is required for rice P use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops and College of Life Sciences, Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Feiyun Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops and College of Life Sciences, Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops and College of Life Sciences, Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Dongping Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops and College of Life Sciences, Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Leyun Sun
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops and College of Life Sciences, Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Liyou Cui
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops and College of Life Sciences, Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops and College of Life Sciences, Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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Hu F, Cheng J, Dong J, Zhong J, Zhou Z, Hu K. Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of the up locus determining fruit orientation in pepper (Capsicum spp.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:2901-2911. [PMID: 34076730 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03867-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The up locus determining fruit orientation was fine-mapped into a region with a physical length of ~169.51 kb on chromosome P12 in pepper. Capana12g000958, encoding a developmentally regulated G protein 2, was proposed as the strongest candidate via sequence comparison and expression analysis. Fruit orientation is an important horticultural and domesticated trait, which is controlled by a single semi-dominant gene (up) in pepper. However, the gene underlying up locus has not yet been identified. In this study, the previously detected major QTL UP12.1 was firstly verified using a backcross population (n = 225) stem from the cross of BB3 (C. annuum) and its wild relative Chiltepin (C. annuum var. glabriusculum) using BB3 as the recurrent parent. Then, a large BC1F2 population (n = 1827) was used for recombinant screening to delimit the up locus into an interval with ~ 169.51 kb in length. Sequence comparison and expression analysis suggested that Capana12g000958, encoding a developmentally regulated G protein 2, was the most likely candidate gene for the up locus. There is no difference within the coding sequences of Capana12g000958 between BB3 and Chiltepin, while a SNP in the upstream of Capana12g000958 showed a complete correlation with the fruit orientation among a panel of 40 diverse pepper inbred lines. These findings will form a basis for gene isolation and reveal of genetic mechanism underlying the fruit orientation domestication in pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiaowen Cheng
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jichi Dong
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jian Zhong
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ziyan Zhou
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Kailin Hu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Gupta N, Kanojia A, Katiyar A, Mudgil Y. Molecular Characterization of NDL1-AGB1 Mediated Salt Stress Signaling: Further Exploration of the Role of NDL1 Interacting Partners. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092261. [PMID: 34571915 PMCID: PMC8472134 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is considered to be the most severe abiotic stress. High soil salinity leads to osmotic and ionic toxicity, resulting in reduced plant growth and crop production. The role of G-proteins during salt stresses is well established. AGB1, a G-protein subunit, not only plays an important role during regulation of Na+ fluxes in roots, but is also involved in the translocation of Na+ from roots to shoots. N-Myc Downregulated like 1 (NDL1) is an interacting partner of G protein βγ subunits and C-4 domain of RGS1 in Arabidopsis. Our recent in-planta expression analysis of NDL1 reported changes in patterns during salt stress. Based on these expression profiles, we have carried out functional characterization of the AGB1-NDL1 module during salinity stress. Using various available mutant and overexpression lines of NDL1 and AGB1, we found that NDL1 acts as a negative regulator during salt stress response at the seedling stage, an opposite response to that of AGB1. On the other hand, during the germination phase of the plant, this role is reversed, indicating developmental and tissue specific regulation. To elucidate the mechanism of the AGB1-NDL1 module, we investigated the possible role of the three NDL1 stress specific interactors, namely ANNAT1, SLT1, and IDH-V, using yeast as a model. The present study revealed that NDL1 acts as a modulator of salt stress response, wherein it can have both positive as well as negative functions during salinity stress. Our findings suggest that the NDL1 mediated stress response depends on its developmental stage-specific expression patterns as well as the differential presence and interaction of the stress-specific interactors.
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Research Advances in Heterotrimeric G-Protein α Subunits and Uncanonical G-Protein Coupled Receptors in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168678. [PMID: 34445383 PMCID: PMC8395518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As crucial signal transducers, G-proteins and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have attracted increasing attention in the field of signal transduction. Research on G-proteins and GPCRs has mainly focused on animals, while research on plants is relatively rare. The mode of action of G-proteins is quite different from that in animals. The G-protein α (Gα) subunit is the most essential member of the G-protein signal cycle in animals and plants. The G-protein is activated when Gα releases GDP and binds to GTP, and the relationships with the GPCR and the downstream signal are also achieved by Gα coupling. It is important to study the role of Gα in the signaling pathway to explore the regulatory mechanism of G-proteins. The existence of a self-activated Gα in plants makes it unnecessary for the canonical GPCR to activate the G-protein by exchanging GDP with GTP. However, putative GPCRs have been found and proven to play important roles in G-protein signal transduction. The unique mode of action of G-proteins and the function of putative GPCRs in plants suggest that the same definition used in animal research cannot be used to study uncanonical GPCRs in plants. This review focuses on the different functions of the Gα and the mode of action between plants and animals as well as the functions of the uncanonical GPCR. This review employs a new perspective to define uncanonical GPCRs in plants and emphasizes the role of uncanonical GPCRs and Gα subunits in plant stress resistance and agricultural production.
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Watkins JM, Ross-Elliott TJ, Shan X, Lou F, Dreyer B, Tunc-Ozdemir M, Jia H, Yang J, Oliveira CC, Wu L, Trusov Y, Schwochert TD, Krysan P, Jones AM. Differential regulation of G protein signaling in Arabidopsis through two distinct pathways that internalize AtRGS1. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/695/eabe4090. [PMID: 34376571 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abe4090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In animals, endocytosis of a seven-transmembrane GPCR is mediated by arrestins to propagate or arrest cytoplasmic G protein-mediated signaling, depending on the bias of the receptor or ligand, which determines how much one transduction pathway is used compared to another. In Arabidopsis thaliana, GPCRs are not required for G protein-coupled signaling because the heterotrimeric G protein complex spontaneously exchanges nucleotide. Instead, the seven-transmembrane protein AtRGS1 modulates G protein signaling through ligand-dependent endocytosis, which initiates derepression of signaling without the involvement of canonical arrestins. Here, we found that endocytosis of AtRGS1 initiated from two separate pools of plasma membrane: sterol-dependent domains and a clathrin-accessible neighborhood, each with a select set of discriminators, activators, and candidate arrestin-like adaptors. Ligand identity (either the pathogen-associated molecular pattern flg22 or the sugar glucose) determined the origin of AtRGS1 endocytosis. Different trafficking origins and trajectories led to different cellular outcomes. Thus, in this system, compartmentation with its associated signalosome architecture drives biased signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Watkins
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Timothy J Ross-Elliott
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Shan
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Fei Lou
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bernd Dreyer
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Meral Tunc-Ozdemir
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Haiyan Jia
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Celio Cabral Oliveira
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Luguang Wu
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland Q4072, Australia
| | - Yuri Trusov
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland Q4072, Australia
| | - Timothy D Schwochert
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Patrick Krysan
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alan M Jones
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Arabidopsis G-Protein β Subunit AGB1 Negatively Regulates DNA Binding of MYB62, a Suppressor in the Gibberellin Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158270. [PMID: 34361039 PMCID: PMC8347620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant G proteins are versatile components of transmembrane signaling transduction pathways. The deficient mutant of heterotrimeric G protein leads to defects in plant growth and development, suggesting that it regulates the GA pathway in Arabidopsis. However, the molecular mechanism of G protein regulation of the GA pathway is not understood in plants. In this study, two G protein β subunit (AGB1) mutants, agb1-2 and N692967, were dwarfed after exogenous application of GA3. AGB1 interacts with the DNA-binding domain MYB62, a GA pathway suppressor. Transgenic plants were obtained through overexpression of MYB62 in two backgrounds including the wild-type (MYB62/WT Col-0) and agb1 mutants (MYB62/agb1) in Arabidopsis. Genetic analysis showed that under GA3 treatment, the height of the transgenic plants MYB62/WT and MYB62/agb1 was lower than that of WT. The height of MYB62/agb1 plants was closer to MYB62/WT plants and higher than that of mutants agb1-2 and N692967, suggesting that MYB62 is downstream of AGB1 in the GA pathway. qRT-PCR and competitive DNA binding assays indicated that MYB62 can bind MYB elements in the promoter of GA2ox7, a GA degradation gene, to activate GA2ox7 transcription. AGB1 affected binding of MYB62 on the promoter of GA2ox7, thereby negatively regulating th eactivity of MYB62.
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Wang K, Xu F, Yuan W, Sun L, Wang S, Aslam MM, Zhang J, Xu W. G protein γ subunit qPE9-1 is involved in rice adaptation under elevated CO 2 concentration by regulating leaf photosynthesis. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:67. [PMID: 34264430 PMCID: PMC8282829 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00507-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
G protein γ subunit qPE9-1 plays multiple roles in rice growth and development. However, the role of qPE9-1 in rice exposed to elevated carbon dioxide concentration (eCO2) is unknown. Here, we investigated its role in the regulation of rice growth under eCO2 conditions using qPE9-1 overexpression (OE) lines, RNAi lines and corresponding WT rice. Compared to atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (aCO2), relative expression of qPE9-1 in rice leaf was approximately tenfold higher under eCO2. Under eCO2, the growth of WT and qPE9-1-overexpressing rice was significantly higher than under aCO2. Moreover, there was no significant effect of eCO2 on the growth of qPE9-1 RNAi lines. Furthermore, WT and qPE9-1-overexpressing rice showed higher net photosynthetic rate and carbohydrate content under eCO2 than under aCO2. Moreover, the relative expression of some photosynthesis related genes in WT, but not in RNAi3 line, showed significant difference under eCO2 in RNA-seq analysis. Compared to WT and RNAi lines, the rbcL gene expression and Rubisco content of rice leaves in qPE9-1-overexpressors were higher under eCO2. Overall, these results suggest that qPE9-1 is involved in rice adaptation under elevated CO2 concentration by regulating leaf photosynthesis via moderating rice photosynthetic light reaction and Rubisco content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feiyun Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Leyun Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaoxian Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mehtab Muhammad Aslam
- College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China.
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47
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Zhou X, Shafique K, Sajid M, Ali Q, Khalili E, Javed MA, Haider MS, Zhou G, Zhu G. Era-like GTP protein gene expression in rice. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e250700. [PMID: 34259718 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.250700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutations are genetic changes in the genome sequences and have a significant role in biotechnology, genetics, and molecular biology even to find out the genome sequences of a cell DNA along with the viral RNA sequencing. The mutations are the alterations in DNA that may be natural or spontaneous and induced due to biochemical reactions or radiations which damage cell DNA. There is another cause of mutations which is known as transposons or jumping genes which can change their position in the genome during meiosis or DNA replication. The transposable elements can induce by self in the genome due to cellular and molecular mechanisms including hypermutation which caused the localization of transposable elements to move within the genome. The use of induced mutations for studying the mutagenesis in crop plants is very common as well as a promising method for screening crop plants with new and enhanced traits for the improvement of yield and production. The utilization of insertional mutations through transposons or jumping genes usually generates stable mutant alleles which are mostly tagged for the presence or absence of jumping genes or transposable elements. The transposable elements may be used for the identification of mutated genes in crop plants and even for the stable insertion of transposable elements in mutated crop plants. The guanine nucleotide-binding (GTP) proteins have an important role in inducing tolerance in rice plants to combat abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhou
- Linyi University, College of Life Science, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - K Shafique
- Government Sadiq College Women University, Department of Botany, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - M Sajid
- University of Okara, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Q Ali
- University of Lahore, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - E Khalili
- Tarbiat Modarres University, Faculty of Science, Department of Plant Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - M A Javed
- University of the Punjab Lahore, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M S Haider
- University of the Punjab Lahore, Department of Plant Pathology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - G Zhou
- Yangzhou University, The Ministry of Education of China, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - G Zhu
- Yangzhou University, The Ministry of Education of China, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Solomon AM, Kim TG, Han K, Lee HY, Patil A, Siddique MI, Ahn J, Kang BC. Fine Mapping and Candidate Gene Identification for the CapUp Locus Controlling Fruit Orientation in Pepper ( Capsicum spp.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:675474. [PMID: 34262581 PMCID: PMC8273576 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.675474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The orientation of fruits is a distinguishing morphological feature of pepper (Capsicum spp.) varieties. The pendent (downward curved) growth of the fruit stalks, known as pedicels, is highly correlated with fruit weight and pedicel length. A previous genetic analysis revealed that the pendent fruit orientation is governed by a dominant gene, and incomplete inheritance is also observed in some Capsicum accessions. To identify and localize this gene, a single quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was performed on one F2 and two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations, and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using a core collection. Common QTL regions associated with fruit orientation were detected on chromosome 12. A total of 187,966 SNPs were identified in a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) for GWAS analysis of 196 Capsicum annuum, 25 Capsicum baccatum, 21 Capsicum chinense, and 14 Capsicum frutescens accessions, representing the germplasm collection of South Korea. The results of these analyses enabled us to narrow down the CapUp region of interest to 200-250 Mbp on chromosome 12. Seven candidate genes were found to be located between two markers that were completely cosegregated with the fruit orientation phenotype. The findings and markers developed in this study will be helpful for additional understanding of pepper fruit development and breeding for fruit orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abate Mekonnen Solomon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Gun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Koeun Han
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hea-Young Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Abhinandan Patil
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Irfan Siddique
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Byoung-Cheorl Kang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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49
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Maruta N, Trusov Y, Urano D, Chakravorty D, Assmann SM, Jones AM, Botella JR. GTP binding by Arabidopsis extra-large G protein 2 is not essential for its functions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1240-1253. [PMID: 33729516 PMCID: PMC8195506 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The extra-large guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein 2, XLG2, is an unconventional Gα subunit of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein complex with a major role in plant defense. In vitro biochemical analyses and molecular dynamic simulations show that affinity of XLG2 for GTP is two orders of magnitude lower than that of the conventional Gα, AtGPA1. Here we tested the physiological relevance of GTP binding by XLG2. We generated an XLG2(T476N) variant with abolished GTP binding, as confirmed by in vitro GTPγS binding assay. Yeast three-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and split firefly-luciferase complementation assays revealed that the nucleotide-depleted XLG2(T476N) retained wild-type XLG2-like interactions with the Gβγ dimer and defense-related receptor-like kinases. Both wild-type and nucleotide-depleted XLG2(T476N) restored the defense responses against Fusarium oxysporum and Pseudomonas syringae compromised in the xlg2 xlg3 double mutant. Additionally, XLG2(T476N) was fully functional restoring stomatal density, root growth, and sensitivity to NaCl, but failed to complement impaired germination and vernalization-induced flowering. We conclude that XLG2 is able to function in a GTP-independent manner and discuss its possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Maruta
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yuri Trusov
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Daisuke Urano
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - David Chakravorty
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Sarah M Assmann
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Alan M Jones
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Jose R Botella
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Author for communication:
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50
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van der Woude L, Piotrowski M, Klaasse G, Paulus JK, Krahn D, Ninck S, Kaschani F, Kaiser M, Novák O, Ljung K, Bulder S, van Verk M, Snoek BL, Fiers M, Martin NI, van der Hoorn RAL, Robert S, Smeekens S, van Zanten M. The chemical compound 'Heatin' stimulates hypocotyl elongation and interferes with the Arabidopsis NIT1-subfamily of nitrilases. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:1523-1540. [PMID: 33768644 PMCID: PMC8360157 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Temperature passively affects biological processes involved in plant growth. Therefore, it is challenging to study the dedicated temperature signalling pathways that orchestrate thermomorphogenesis, a suite of elongation growth-based adaptations that enhance leaf-cooling capacity. We screened a chemical library for compounds that restored hypocotyl elongation in the pif4-2-deficient mutant background at warm temperature conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana to identify modulators of thermomorphogenesis. The small aromatic compound 'Heatin', containing 1-iminomethyl-2-naphthol as a pharmacophore, was selected as an enhancer of elongation growth. We show that ARABIDOPSIS ALDEHYDE OXIDASES redundantly contribute to Heatin-mediated hypocotyl elongation. Following a chemical proteomics approach, the members of the NITRILASE1-subfamily of auxin biosynthesis enzymes were identified among the molecular targets of Heatin. Our data reveal that nitrilases are involved in promotion of hypocotyl elongation in response to high temperature and Heatin-mediated hypocotyl elongation requires the NITRILASE1-subfamily members, NIT1 and NIT2. Heatin inhibits NIT1-subfamily enzymatic activity in vitro and the application of Heatin accordingly results in the accumulation of NIT1-subfamily substrate indole-3-acetonitrile in vivo. However, levels of the NIT1-subfamily product, bioactive auxin (indole-3-acetic acid), were also significantly increased. It is likely that the stimulation of hypocotyl elongation by Heatin might be independent of its observed interaction with NITRILASE1-subfamily members. However, nitrilases may contribute to the Heatin response by stimulating indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in an indirect way. Heatin and its functional analogues present novel chemical entities for studying auxin biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennard van der Woude
- Molecular Plant PhysiologyInstitute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 8Utrecht3584 CHthe Netherlands
| | - Markus Piotrowski
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Physiology of PlantsFaculty of Biology and BiotechnologyUniversitätsstraße 150Bochum44801Germany
| | - Gruson Klaasse
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug DiscoveryUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity UtrechtUniversiteitsweg 99Utrecht3584 CGthe Netherlands
| | - Judith K. Paulus
- Plant Chemetics LaboratoryDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3RBUK
| | - Daniel Krahn
- Plant Chemetics LaboratoryDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3RBUK
| | - Sabrina Ninck
- Chemische BiologieZentrum für Medizinische BiotechnologieFakultät für BiologieUniversität Duisburg‐EssenUniversitätsstr. 2Essen45117Germany
| | - Farnusch Kaschani
- Chemische BiologieZentrum für Medizinische BiotechnologieFakultät für BiologieUniversität Duisburg‐EssenUniversitätsstr. 2Essen45117Germany
| | - Markus Kaiser
- Chemische BiologieZentrum für Medizinische BiotechnologieFakultät für BiologieUniversität Duisburg‐EssenUniversitätsstr. 2Essen45117Germany
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Umeå Plant Science CentreDepartment of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeaSE‐901 83Sweden
- Laboratory of Growth RegulatorsThe Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of ScienceInstitute of Experimental BotanyPalacký UniversityŠlechtitelů 27Olomouc78371Czech Republic
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science CentreDepartment of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeaSE‐901 83Sweden
| | - Suzanne Bulder
- Bejo Zaden B.V.Trambaan 1Warmenhuizen1749 CZthe Netherlands
| | - Marcel van Verk
- Plant‐Microbe InteractionsInstitute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 8Utrecht3584 CHthe Netherlands
- KeygeneAgro Business Park 90Wageningen6708 PWthe Netherlands
- Theoretical Biology and BioinformaticsInstitute of Biodynamics and BiocomplexityUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 8Utrecht3584 CHthe Netherlands
| | - Basten L. Snoek
- Theoretical Biology and BioinformaticsInstitute of Biodynamics and BiocomplexityUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 8Utrecht3584 CHthe Netherlands
| | - Martijn Fiers
- BioscienceWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6708 PBthe Netherlands
| | - Nathaniel I. Martin
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug DiscoveryUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity UtrechtUniversiteitsweg 99Utrecht3584 CGthe Netherlands
- Biological Chemistry GroupSylvius LaboratoriesInstitute of Biology LeidenLeiden UniversitySylviusweg 72Leiden2333 BEthe Netherlands
| | - Renier A. L. van der Hoorn
- Plant Chemetics LaboratoryDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3RBUK
| | - Stéphanie Robert
- Umeå Plant Science CentreDepartment of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeaSE‐901 83Sweden
| | - Sjef Smeekens
- Molecular Plant PhysiologyInstitute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 8Utrecht3584 CHthe Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Zanten
- Molecular Plant PhysiologyInstitute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 8Utrecht3584 CHthe Netherlands
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