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Song J, Wang A, Zhu W, Yang L, Xie Z, Han X, Wang B, Tian B, Zhang L, Chen W, Wei F, Shi G. A cotton endoreduplication gene, GaTOP6B, regulates trichome branching development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108888. [PMID: 38954944 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Trichomes are specialized epidermal structures that protect plants from biotic and abiotic stresses by synthesizing, storing, and secreting defensive compounds. This study investigates the role of the Gossypium arboreum DNA topoisomerase VI subunit B gene (GaTOP6B) in trichome development and branching. Sequence alignment revealed a high similarity between GaTOP6B and AtTOP6B, suggesting a conserved function in trichome regulation. Although AtTOP6B acts as a positive regulator of trichome development, functional analyses showed contrasting effects: Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of GaTOP6B in cotton increased trichome density, while its overexpression in Arabidopsis decreased trichome density but enhanced branching. This demonstrates that GaTOP6B negatively regulates trichome number, indicating species-specific roles in trichome initiation and branching between cotton and Arabidopsis. Overexpression of the GaTOP6B promotes jasmonic acid synthesis, which in turn inhibits the G1/S or G2/M transitions, stalling the cell cycle. On the other hand, it suppresses brassinolide synthesis and signaling while promoting cytokinin degradation, further inhibiting mitosis. These hormonal interactions facilitate the transition of cells from the mitotic cycle to the endoreduplication cycle. As the level of endoreduplication increases, trichomes develop an increased number of branches. These findings highlight GaTOP6B's critical role as a regulator of trichome development, providing new genetic targets for improving cotton varieties in terms of enhanced adaptability and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Song
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Ao Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Lanlan Yang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zhengqing Xie
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xingzhou Han
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Boyang Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Baoming Tian
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Luyue Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Gongyao Shi
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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Sahu G, Mishra S, Majumder S, Sharma N, Shaw BP. Overexpression of Orysa;KRP4 drastically reduces grain filling in rice. PLANTA 2024; 260:78. [PMID: 39172243 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Excess of KRP4 in the developing kernels in rice causes poor filling of the grains possibly through inhibition of CDKA;2 and CDKB;1 activity mediated by its interaction with CDKF;3. The potential yield of the rice varieties producing compact and heavy panicles bearing numerous spikelets is compromised because a high percentage of spikelets remain poorly filled, reportedly because of a high expression of KRPs that causes suppression of endosperm cell proliferation. To test the stated negative relationship between KRP expression and grain filling, Orysa;KRP4 was overexpressed under the control of seed-specific glutelin promoter in IR-64 rice variety that shows good grain filling. The transgenic lines showed more than 15-fold increase in expression of KRP4 in the spikelets concomitant with nearly 50% reduction in grain filling compared with the wild type without producing any significant changes on the other yield-related parameters like panicle length and the spikelets numbers that were respectively 30.23 ± 0.89 cm and 229.25 ± 33.72 per panicle in the wild type, suggesting a highly organ-targeted effect of the genetic transformation. Yeast two-hybrid test revealed CDKF;3 as the interacting partner of KRP4, and CDKF;3 was found to interact with CDKA;2, CDKB;1 and CDKD;1. Significant decrease in grain filling in the transgenic lines compared with the wild type due to overexpression of KRP4 could be because of suppression of the activity of CDKB;1 and CDKA;2 by inhibition of their phosphorylation directly by CDKF;3, or mediated through inhibition of phosphorylation of CDKD;1 by CDKF;3. The study thus indicated that suppression of expression of KRP(s) by genetic manipulation of their promoters could be an important way of improving the yield of the rice varieties bearing compact and heavy panicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyanasri Sahu
- Abiotic Stress and Agri-Biotechnology Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Sagarika Mishra
- Abiotic Stress and Agri-Biotechnology Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Shuvobrata Majumder
- Abiotic Stress and Agri-Biotechnology Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Namisha Sharma
- Abiotic Stress and Agri-Biotechnology Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Birendra P Shaw
- Abiotic Stress and Agri-Biotechnology Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India.
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Braat J, Havaux M. The SIAMESE family of cell-cycle inhibitors in the response of plants to environmental stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1362460. [PMID: 38434440 PMCID: PMC10904545 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1362460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Environmental abiotic constraints are known to reduce plant growth. This effect is largely due to the inhibition of cell division in the leaf and root meristems caused by perturbations of the cell cycle machinery. Progression of the cell cycle is regulated by CDK kinases whose phosphorylation activities are dependent on cyclin proteins. Recent results have emphasized the role of inhibitors of the cyclin-CDK complexes in the impairment of the cell cycle and the resulting growth inhibition under environmental constraints. Those cyclin-CDK inhibitors (CKIs) include the KRP and SIAMESE families of proteins. This review presents the current knowledge on how CKIs respond to environmental changes and on the role played by one subclass of CKIs, the SIAMESE RELATED proteins (SMRs), in the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses. The SMRs could play a central role in adjusting the balance between growth and stress defenses in plants exposed to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michel Havaux
- Aix Marseille University, CEA, CNRS UMR7265, Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix Marseille, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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Tabusam J, Liu M, Luo L, Zulfiqar S, Shen S, Ma W, Zhao J. Physiological Control and Genetic Basis of Leaf Curvature and Heading in Brassica rapa L. J Adv Res 2023; 53:49-59. [PMID: 36581197 PMCID: PMC10658314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heading is an important agronomic feature for Chinese cabbage, cabbage, and lettuce. The heading leaves function as nutrition storage organs, which contribute to the high quality and economic worth of leafy heads. Leaf development is crucial during the heading stage, most genes previously predicted to be involved in the heading process are based on Arabidopsis leaf development studies. AIM OF REVIEW Till date, there is no published review article that demonstrated a complete layout of all the identified regulators of leaf curvature and heading. In this review, we have summarized all the identified physiological and genetic regulators that are directly or indirectly involved in leaf curvature and heading in Brassica crops. By integrating all identified regulators that provide a coherent logic of leaf incurvature and heading, we proposed a molecular mechanism in Brassica crops with graphical illustrations. This review adds value to future breeding of distinct heading kinds of cabbage and Chinese cabbage by providing unique insights into leaf development. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Leaf curvature and heading are established by synergistic interactions among genes, transcription factors, microRNAs, phytohormones, and environmental stimuli that regulate primary and secondary morphogenesis. Various genes have been identified using transformation and genome editing that are responsible for the formation of leaf curvature and heading in Brassica crops. A range of leaf morphologies have been observed in Brassica, which are established because of the mutated determinants that are responsible for cell division and leaf polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaria Tabusam
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China.
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China.
| | - Lei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Sumer Zulfiqar
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Shuxing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China.
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China.
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Liu L, Niu L, Ji K, Wang Y, Zhang C, Pan M, Wang W, Schiefelbein J, Yu F, An L. AXR1 modulates trichome morphogenesis through mediating ROP2 stability in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:756-772. [PMID: 37516999 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell differentiation and morphogenesis are crucial for the establishment of diverse cell types and organs in multicellular organisms. Trichome cells offer an excellent paradigm for dissecting the regulatory mechanisms of plant cell differentiation and morphogenesis due to their unique growth characteristics. Here, we report the isolation of an Arabidopsis mutant, aberrantly branched trichome 3-1 (abt3-1), with a reduced trichome branching phenotype. Positional cloning and molecular complementation experiments confirmed that abt3-1 is a new mutant allele of Auxin resistant 1 (AXR1), which encodes the N-terminal half of ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 and functions in auxin signaling pathway. Meanwhile, we found that transgenic plants expressing constitutively active version of ROP2 (CA-ROP2) caused a reduction of trichome branches, resembling that of abt3-1. ROP2 is a member of Rho GTPase of plants (ROP) family, serving as versatile signaling switches involved in a range of cellular and developmental processes. Our genetic and biochemical analyses showed AXR1 genetically interacted with ROP2 and mediated ROP2 protein stability. The loss of AXR1 aggravated the trichome defects of CA-ROP2 and induced the accumulation of steady-state ROP2. Consistently, elevated AXR1 expression levels suppressed ROP2 expression and partially rescued trichome branching defects in CA-ROP2 plants. Together, our results presented a new mutant allele of AXR1, uncovered the effects of AXR1 and ROP2 during trichome development, and revealed a pathway of ROP2-mediated regulation of plant cell morphogenesis in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Linyu Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ke Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - John Schiefelbein
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lijun An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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6
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Xue B, Zhang C, Wang Y, Liu L, Wang W, Schiefelbein J, Yu F, An L. HECT-type ubiquitin ligase KAKTUS mediates the proteasome-dependent degradation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor KRP2 during trichome morphogenesis in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:871-886. [PMID: 37565606 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARYTrichome development is a fascinating model to elaborate the plant cell differentiation and growth processes. A wealth of information has pointed to the contributions of the components associated with cell cycle control and ubiquitin/26S proteasome system (UPS) to trichome morphogenesis, but how these two pathways are connected remains obscure. Here, we report that HECT‐type ubiquitin ligase KAKTUS (KAK) targets the cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor KRP2 (for kip‐related protein 2) for proteasome‐dependent degradation during trichome branching in Arabidopsis. We show that over‐expression of KRP2 promotes trichome branching and endoreduplication which is similar to kak loss of function mutants. KAK directly interacts with KRP2 and mediates KRP2 degradation. Mutation of KAK results in the accumulation of steady‐state KRP2. Consistently, in kak pKRP2:KRP2‐GFP plants, the trichome branching is further induced compared with the single mutant. Taken together, our studies bridge the cell cycle control and UPS pathways during trichome development and underscore the importance of post‐translational control in epidermal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Area and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Area and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Area and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Area and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - John Schiefelbein
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Area and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lijun An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Area and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Tourdot E, Mauxion JP, Gonzalez N, Chevalier C. Endoreduplication in plant organogenesis: a means to boost fruit growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6269-6284. [PMID: 37343125 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Endoreduplication is the major source of somatic endopolyploidy in higher plants, and leads to variation in cell ploidy levels due to iterative rounds of DNA synthesis in the absence of mitosis. Despite its ubiquitous occurrence in many plant organs, tissues, and cells, the physiological meaning of endoreduplication is not fully understood, although several roles during plant development have been proposed, mostly related to cell growth, differentiation, and specialization via transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming. Here, we review recent advances in our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms and cellular characteristics of endoreduplicated cells, and provide an overview of the multi-scale effects of endoreduplication on supporting growth in plant development. In addition, the effects of endoreduplication in fruit development are discussed, since it is highly prominent during fruit organogenesis where it acts as a morphogenetic factor supporting rapid fruit growth, as illustrated by case of the model fleshy fruit, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Tourdot
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Mauxion
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Christian Chevalier
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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8
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Ren Z, Liu Y, Li L, Wang X, Zhou Y, Zhang M, Li Z, Yi F, Duan L. Deciphering transcriptional mechanisms of maize internodal elongation by regulatory network analysis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4503-4519. [PMID: 37170764 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The lengths of the basal internodes is an important factor for lodging resistance of maize (Zea mays). In this study, foliar application of coronatine (COR) to 10 cultivars at the V8 growth stage had different suppression effects on the length of the eighth internode, with three being categorized as strong-inhibition cultivars (SC), five as moderate (MC), and two as weak (WC). RNA-sequencing of the eighth internode of the cultivars revealed a total of 7895 internode elongation-regulating genes, including 777 transcription factors (TFs). Genes related to the hormones cytokinin, gibberellin, auxin, and ethylene in the SC group were significantly down-regulated compared to WC, and more cell-cycle regulatory factors and cell wall-related genes showed significant changes, which severely inhibited internode elongation. In addition, we used EMSAs to explore the direct regulatory relationship between two important TFs, ZmABI7 and ZmMYB117, which regulate the cell cycle and cell wall modification by directly binding to the promoters of their target genes ZmCYC1, ZmCYC3, ZmCYC7, and ZmCPP1. The transcriptome reported in this study will provide a useful resource for studying maize internode development, with potential use for targeted genetic control of internode length to improve the lodging resistance of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingru Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation & College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingcai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaohu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fei Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liusheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
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9
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Bhosale R, Vissenberg K. Endoreplication controls cell size via mechanochemical signaling. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:611-613. [PMID: 36997439 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
During hypocotyl development, an asymmetric auxin gradient causes differential cell elongation, leading to tissue bending and apical hook formation. Recently, Ma et al. identified a molecular pathway that links auxin with endoreplication and cell size through cell wall integrity sensing, cell wall remodeling, and regulation of cell wall stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhosale
- Plant & Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Kris Vissenberg
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Biology Department, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; Plant Biochemistry & Biotechnology Lab, Department of Agriculture, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Stavromenos PC 71410, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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Guo B, Chen L, Dong L, Yang C, Zhang J, Geng X, Zhou L, Song L. Characterization of the soybean KRP gene family reveals a key role for GmKRP2a in root development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1096467. [PMID: 36778678 PMCID: PMC9911667 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1096467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Kip-related proteins (KRPs), as inhibitory proteins of cyclin-dependent kinases, are involved in the growth and development of plants by regulating the activity of the CYC-CDK complex to control cell cycle progression. The KRP gene family has been identified in several plants, and several KRP proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana have been functionally characterized. However, there is little research on KRP genes in soybean, which is an economically important crop. In this study, we identified nine GmKRP genes in the Glycine max genome using HMM modeling and BLASTP searches. Protein subcellular localization and conserved motif analysis showed soybean KRP proteins located in the nucleus, and the C-terminal protein sequence was highly conserved. By investigating the expression patterns in various tissues, we found that all GmKRPs exhibited transcript abundance, while several showed tissue-specific expression patterns. By analyzing the promoter region, we found that light, low temperature, an anaerobic environment, and hormones-related cis-elements were abundant. In addition, we performed a co-expression analysis of the GmKRP gene family, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) set enrichment analysis. The co-expressing genes were mainly involved in RNA synthesis and modification and energy metabolism. Furthermore, the GmKRP2a gene, a member of the soybean KRP family, was cloned for further functional analysis. GmKRP2a is located in the nucleus and participates in root development by regulating cell cycle progression. RNA-seq results indicated that GmKRP2a is involved in cell cycle regulation through ribosome regulation, cell expansion, hormone response, stress response, and plant pathogen response pathways. To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify and characterize the KRP gene family in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhui Guo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Basic Experimental Teaching Center of Life Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lu Dong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Geng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- College of Forestry, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Song
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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11
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Han G, Li Y, Yang Z, Wang C, Zhang Y, Wang B. Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Trichome Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:910228. [PMID: 35720574 PMCID: PMC9198495 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.910228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant trichomes, protrusions formed from specialized aboveground epidermal cells, provide protection against various biotic and abiotic stresses. Trichomes can be unicellular, bicellular or multicellular, with multiple branches or no branches at all. Unicellular trichomes are generally not secretory, whereas multicellular trichomes include both secretory and non-secretory hairs. The secretory trichomes release secondary metabolites such as artemisinin, which is valuable as an antimalarial agent. Cotton trichomes, also known as cotton fibers, are an important natural product for the textile industry. In recent years, much progress has been made in unraveling the molecular mechanisms of trichome formation in Arabidopsis thaliana, Gossypium hirsutum, Oryza sativa, Cucumis sativus, Solanum lycopersicum, Nicotiana tabacum, and Artemisia annua. Here, we review current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying fate determination and initiation, elongation, and maturation of unicellular, bicellular and multicellular trichomes in several representative plants. We emphasize the regulatory roles of plant hormones, transcription factors, the cell cycle and epigenetic modifications in different stages of trichome development. Finally, we identify the obstacles and key points for future research on plant trichome development, and speculated the development relationship between the salt glands of halophytes and the trichomes of non-halophytes, which provides a reference for future studying the development of plant epidermal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying, China
| | - Yuxia Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Zongran Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengfeng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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12
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Chen Z, Wang Y, Huang R, Zhang Z, Huang J, Yu F, Lin Y, Guo Y, Liang K, Zhou Y, Chen F. Integration of transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveals several levels of metabolic regulation in the excess starch and early senescent leaf mutant lses1 in rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:137. [PMID: 35321646 PMCID: PMC8941791 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The normal metabolism of transitory starch in leaves plays an important role in ensuring photosynthesis, delaying senescence and maintaining high yield in crops. OsCKI1 (casein kinase I1) plays crucial regulatory roles in multiple important physiological processes, including root development, hormonal signaling and low temperature-treatment adaptive growth in rice; however, its potential role in regulating temporary starch metabolism or premature leaf senescence remains unclear. To reveal the molecular regulatory mechanism of OsCKI1 in rice leaves, physiological, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of leaves of osckI1 allele mutant lses1 (leaf starch excess and senescence 1) and its wild-type varieties (WT) were performed. RESULTS Phenotypic identification and physiological measurements showed that the lses1 mutant exhibited starch excess in the leaves and an obvious leaf tip withering phenotype as well as high ROS and MDA contents, low chlorophyll content and protective enzyme activities compared to WT. The correlation analyses between protein and mRNA abundance are weak or limited. However, the changes of several important genes related to carbohydrate metabolism and apoptosis at the mRNA and protein levels were consistent. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network might play accessory roles in promoting premature senescence of lses1 leaves. Comprehensive transcriptomic and proteomic analysis indicated that multiple key genes/proteins related to starch and sugar metabolism, apoptosis and ABA signaling exhibited significant differential expression. Abnormal increase in temporary starch was highly correlated with the expression of starch biosynthesis-related genes, which might be the main factor that causes premature leaf senescence and changes in multiple metabolic levels in leaves of lses1. In addition, four proteins associated with ABA accumulation and signaling, and three CKI potential target proteins related to starch biosynthesis were up-regulated in the lses1 mutant, suggesting that LSES1 may affect temporary starch accumulation and premature leaf senescence through phosphorylation crosstalk ABA signaling and starch anabolic pathways. CONCLUSION The current study established the high correlation between the changes in physiological characteristics and mRNA and protein expression profiles in lses1 leaves, and emphasized the positive effect of excessive starch on accelerating premature leaf senescence. The expression patterns of genes/proteins related to starch biosynthesis and ABA signaling were analyzed via transcriptomes and proteomes, which provided a novel direction and research basis for the subsequent exploration of the regulation mechanism of temporary starch and apoptosis via LSES1/OsCKI1 in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization of Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Postdoctoral Station of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Rongyu Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Zesen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Jinpeng Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization of Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yaohai Lin
- College of Computer and Information Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yuchun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization of Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Kangjing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization of Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yuanchang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization of Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
| | - Fangyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization of Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
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13
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Gentric N, Genschik P, Noir S. Connections between the Cell Cycle and the DNA Damage Response in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179558. [PMID: 34502465 PMCID: PMC8431409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their sessile lifestyle, plants are especially exposed to various stresses, including genotoxic stress, which results in altered genome integrity. Upon the detection of DNA damage, distinct cellular responses lead to cell cycle arrest and the induction of DNA repair mechanisms. Interestingly, it has been shown that some cell cycle regulators are not only required for meristem activity and plant development but are also key to cope with the occurrence of DNA lesions. In this review, we first summarize some important regulatory steps of the plant cell cycle and present a brief overview of the DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms. Then, the role played by some cell cycle regulators at the interface between the cell cycle and DNA damage responses is discussed more specifically.
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14
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Plant CDKs-Driving the Cell Cycle through Climate Change. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091804. [PMID: 34579337 PMCID: PMC8468384 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In a growing population, producing enough food has become a challenge in the face of the dramatic increase in climate change. Plants, during their evolution as sessile organisms, developed countless mechanisms to better adapt to the environment and its fluctuations. One important way is through the plasticity of their body and their forms, which are modulated during plant growth by accurate control of cell divisions. A family of serine/threonine kinases called cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) is a key regulator of cell divisions by controlling cell cycle progression. In this review, we compile information on the primary response of plants in the regulation of the cell cycle in response to environmental stresses and show how the cell cycle proteins (mainly the cyclin-dependent kinases) involved in this regulation can act as components of environmental response signaling cascades, triggering adaptive responses to drive the cycle through climate fluctuations. Understanding the roles of CDKs and their regulators in the face of adversity may be crucial to meeting the challenge of increasing agricultural productivity in a new climate.
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15
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Groppi A, Liu S, Cornille A, Decroocq S, Bui QT, Tricon D, Cruaud C, Arribat S, Belser C, Marande W, Salse J, Huneau C, Rodde N, Rhalloussi W, Cauet S, Istace B, Denis E, Carrère S, Audergon JM, Roch G, Lambert P, Zhebentyayeva T, Liu WS, Bouchez O, Lopez-Roques C, Serre RF, Debuchy R, Tran J, Wincker P, Chen X, Pétriacq P, Barre A, Nikolski M, Aury JM, Abbott AG, Giraud T, Decroocq V. Population genomics of apricots unravels domestication history and adaptive events. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3956. [PMID: 34172741 PMCID: PMC8233370 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Among crop fruit trees, the apricot (Prunus armeniaca) provides an excellent model to study divergence and adaptation processes. Here, we obtain nearly 600 Armeniaca apricot genomes and four high-quality assemblies anchored on genetic maps. Chinese and European apricots form two differentiated gene pools with high genetic diversity, resulting from independent domestication events from distinct wild Central Asian populations, and with subsequent gene flow. A relatively low proportion of the genome is affected by selection. Different genomic regions show footprints of selection in European and Chinese cultivated apricots, despite convergent phenotypic traits, with predicted functions in both groups involved in the perennial life cycle, fruit quality and disease resistance. Selection footprints appear more abundant in European apricots, with a hotspot on chromosome 4, while admixture is more pervasive in Chinese cultivated apricots. Our study provides clues to the biology of selected traits and targets for fruit tree research and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Groppi
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Bioinformatique de Bordeaux (CBiB), Bordeaux, 33076, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, Bordeaux, 33077, France
| | - Shuo Liu
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 71 Av. E. Bourlaux, Villenave d'Ornon, 33140, France
- Liaoning Institute of Pomology, Tiedong Street, Xiongyue, Bayuquan District, Yingkou City, 115009, Liaoning, China
| | - Amandine Cornille
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, UMR GQE-Le Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Stéphane Decroocq
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 71 Av. E. Bourlaux, Villenave d'Ornon, 33140, France
| | - Quynh Trang Bui
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 71 Av. E. Bourlaux, Villenave d'Ornon, 33140, France
| | - David Tricon
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 71 Av. E. Bourlaux, Villenave d'Ornon, 33140, France
| | - Corinne Cruaud
- Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry, 91057, France
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Sandrine Arribat
- French Plant Genomic Resource Center, INRAE-CNRGV, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Caroline Belser
- Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry, 91057, France
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry, 91057, France
| | - William Marande
- French Plant Genomic Resource Center, INRAE-CNRGV, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Jérôme Salse
- INRAE/UBP UMR 1095 GDEC Genetique, Diversite et Ecophysiologie des Cereales, Laboratory PaleoEVO Paleogenomics & Evolution, 5 Chemin de Beaulieu, Clermont Ferrand, 63100, France
| | - Cécile Huneau
- INRAE/UBP UMR 1095 GDEC Genetique, Diversite et Ecophysiologie des Cereales, Laboratory PaleoEVO Paleogenomics & Evolution, 5 Chemin de Beaulieu, Clermont Ferrand, 63100, France
| | - Nathalie Rodde
- French Plant Genomic Resource Center, INRAE-CNRGV, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Wassim Rhalloussi
- French Plant Genomic Resource Center, INRAE-CNRGV, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Stéphane Cauet
- French Plant Genomic Resource Center, INRAE-CNRGV, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Benjamin Istace
- Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry, 91057, France
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Erwan Denis
- Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry, 91057, France
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Sébastien Carrère
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jean-Marc Audergon
- INRAE UR1052 GAFL, Domaine Saint Maurice, CS60094, Montfavet, 84143, France
| | - Guillaume Roch
- INRAE UR1052 GAFL, Domaine Saint Maurice, CS60094, Montfavet, 84143, France
- CEP INNOVATION, 23 Rue Jean Baldassini, Lyon, 69364, Cedex 07, France
| | - Patrick Lambert
- INRAE UR1052 GAFL, Domaine Saint Maurice, CS60094, Montfavet, 84143, France
| | - Tetyana Zhebentyayeva
- The Schatz Center for Tree Molecular Genetics, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA
| | - Wei-Sheng Liu
- Liaoning Institute of Pomology, Tiedong Street, Xiongyue, Bayuquan District, Yingkou City, 115009, Liaoning, China
| | - Olivier Bouchez
- INRAE, US 1426, GeT-PlaGe, Genotoul, Castanet-Tolosan, 31326, France
| | | | - Rémy-Félix Serre
- INRAE, US 1426, GeT-PlaGe, Genotoul, Castanet-Tolosan, 31326, France
| | - Robert Debuchy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Joseph Tran
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
| | - Patrick Wincker
- Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry, 91057, France
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Xilong Chen
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, UMR GQE-Le Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Pierre Pétriacq
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 71 Av. E. Bourlaux, Villenave d'Ornon, 33140, France
| | - Aurélien Barre
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Bioinformatique de Bordeaux (CBiB), Bordeaux, 33076, France
| | - Macha Nikolski
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Bioinformatique de Bordeaux (CBiB), Bordeaux, 33076, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, Bordeaux, 33077, France
| | - Jean-Marc Aury
- Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry, 91057, France
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Albert Glenn Abbott
- Forest Health Research and Education Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Tatiana Giraud
- Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay AgroParisTech, Orsay, 91400, France.
| | - Véronique Decroocq
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 71 Av. E. Bourlaux, Villenave d'Ornon, 33140, France.
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16
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Ren Z, Wang X, Tao Q, Guo Q, Zhou Y, Yi F, Huang G, Li Y, Zhang M, Li Z, Duan L. Transcriptome dynamic landscape underlying the improvement of maize lodging resistance under coronatine treatment. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:202. [PMID: 33906598 PMCID: PMC8077928 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02962-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lodging is one of the important factors causing maize yield. Plant height is an important factor in determining plant architecture in maize (Zea mays L.), which is closely related to lodging resistance under high planting density. Coronatine (COR), which is a phytotoxin and produced by the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, is a functional and structural analogue of jasmonic acid (JA). RESULTS In this study, we found COR, as a new plant growth regulator, could effectively reduce plant height and ear height of both hybrids (ZD958 and XY335) and inbred (B73) maize by inhibiting internode growth during elongation, thus improve maize lodging resistance. To study gene expression changes in internode after COR treatment, we collected spatio-temporal transcriptome of inbred B73 internode under normal condition and COR treatment, including the three different regions of internode (fixed, meristem and elongation regions) at three different developmental stages. The gene expression levels of the three regions at normal condition were described and then compared with that upon COR treatment. In total, 8605 COR-responsive genes (COR-RGs) were found, consist of 802 genes specifically expressed in internode. For these COR-RGs, 614, 870, 2123 of which showed expression changes in only fixed, meristem and elongation region, respectively. Both the number and function were significantly changed for COR-RGs identified in different regions, indicating genes with different functions were regulated at the three regions. Besides, we found more than 80% genes of gibberellin and jasmonic acid were changed under COR treatment. CONCLUSIONS These data provide a gene expression profiling in different regions of internode development and molecular mechanism of COR affecting internode elongation. A putative schematic of the internode response to COR treatment is proposed which shows the basic process of COR affecting internode elongation. This research provides a useful resource for studying maize internode development and improves our understanding of the COR regulation mechanism based on plant height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qun Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fei Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Guanmin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingcai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaohu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liusheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China.
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No.7 Beinong Road, Changping, Beijing, 102206, China.
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17
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Wang X, Shen C, Meng P, Tan G, Lv L. Analysis and review of trichomes in plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:70. [PMID: 33526015 PMCID: PMC7852143 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichomes play a key role in the development of plants and exist in a wide variety of species. RESULTS In this paper, it was reviewed that the structure and morphology characteristics of trichomes, alongside the biological functions and classical regulatory mechanisms of trichome development in plants. The environment factors, hormones, transcription factor, non-coding RNA, etc., play important roles in regulating the initialization, branching, growth, and development of trichomes. In addition, it was further investigated the atypical regulation mechanism in a non-model plant, found that regulating the growth and development of tea (Camellia sinensis) trichome is mainly affected by hormones and the novel regulation factors. CONCLUSIONS This review further displayed the complex and differential regulatory networks in trichome initiation and development, provided a reference for basic and applied research on trichomes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Shen
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinghong Meng
- Institute of Horticulture, Guizhou Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofei Tan
- Institute of Horticulture, Guizhou Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Litang Lv
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Li J, Wang X, Jiang R, Dong B, Fang S, Li Q, Lv Z, Chen W. Phytohormone-Based Regulation of Trichome Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:734776. [PMID: 34659303 PMCID: PMC8514689 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.734776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones affect plant growth and development. Many phytohormones are involved in the initiation of trichome development, which can help prevent damage from UV radiation and insect bites and produce fragrance, flavors, and compounds used as pharmaceuticals. Phytohormones promote the participation of transcription factors in the initiation of trichome development; for example, the transcription factors HDZIP, bHLH and MYB interact and form transcriptional complexes to regulate trichome development. Jasmonic acid (JA) mediates the progression of the endoreduplication cycle to increase the number of multicellular trichomes or trichome size. Moreover, there is crosstalk between phytohormones, and some phytohormones interact with each other to affect trichome development. Several new techniques, such as the CRISPR-Cas9 system and single-cell transcriptomics, are available for investigating gene function, determining the trajectory of individual trichome cells and elucidating the regulatory network underlying trichome cell lineages. This review discusses recent advances in the modulation of trichome development by phytohormones, emphasizes the differences and similarities between phytohormones initially present in trichomes and provides suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Li
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Boran Dong
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyuan Fang
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongyou Lv
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zongyou Lv,
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Wansheng Chen,
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19
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Westermann J, Koebke E, Lentz R, Hülskamp M, Boisson-Dernier A. A Comprehensive Toolkit for Quick and Easy Visualization of Marker Proteins, Protein-Protein Interactions and Cell Morphology in Marchantia polymorpha. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:569194. [PMID: 33178238 PMCID: PMC7593560 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.569194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Even though stable genomic transformation of sporelings and thalli of Marchantia polymorpha is straightforward and efficient, numerous problems can arise during critical phases of the process such as efficient spore production, poor selection capacity of antibiotics or low transformation efficiency. It is therefore also desirable to establish quick methods not relying on stable transgenics to analyze the localization, interactions and functions of proteins of interest. The introduction of foreign DNA into living cells via biolistic mechanisms has been first reported roughly 30 years ago and has been commonly exploited in established plant model species such as Arabidopsis thaliana or Nicotiana benthamiana. Here, we report the fast and reliable transient biolistic transformation of Marchantia thallus epidermal cells using fluorescent protein fusions. We present a catalog of fluorescent markers which can be readily used for tagging of a variety of subcellular compartments. Moreover, we report the functionality of the bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) in M. polymorpha with the example of the p-body markers MpDCP1/2. Finally, we provide standard staining procedures for live cell imaging in M. polymorpha, applicable to visualize cell boundaries or cellular structures, to complement or support protein localizations and to understand how results gained by transient transformations can be embedded in cell architecture and dynamics. Taken together, we offer a set of easy and quick tools for experiments that aim at understanding subcellular localization, protein-protein interactions and thus functions of proteins of interest in the emerging early diverging land plant model M. polymorpha.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aurélien Boisson-Dernier
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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20
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Gene TaICK1 acts as a Potential Contributor to Wheat Male Sterility induced by a Chemical Hybridizing Agent. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072468. [PMID: 32252420 PMCID: PMC7177297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterosis has been widely accepted as an effective strategy to increase yields in plant breeding. Notably, the chemical hybridization agent SQ-1 induces male sterility in wheat, representing a critical potential tool in hybrid seed production. However, the mechanisms underlying the male sterility induced by SQ-1 still remain poorly understood. In this study, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor gene, TaICK1, which encodes a 229 amino acid protein, was identified as a potential contributor to male sterility in common wheat. The expression of TaICK1 was upregulated during the development of anthers in Xinong1376 wheat treated with SQ-1. Meanwhile, the seed setting rate was found to be significantly decreased in TaICK1 transgenic rice. Furthermore, we identified two cyclin proteins, TaCYCD2;1 and TaCYCD6;1, as interactors through yeast two-hybrid screening using TaICK1 as the bait, which were validated using bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Subcellular localization revealed that the proteins encoded by TaICK1, TaCYCD2;1, and TaCYCD6;1 were localized in the cell nucleus. The expression levels of TaCYCD2;1 and TaCYCD6;1 were lower in Xinong1376 treated with SQ-1. A further analysis demonstrated that the expression levels of OsCYCD2;1 and OsCYCD6;1 were lower in transgenic TaICK1 rice lines as well. Taken together, these results suggest that the upregulation of TaICK1, induced by SQ-1, may subsequently suppress the expression of TaCYCD2;1 and TaCYCD6;1 in anthers, resulting in male sterility. This study provides new insights into the understanding of SQ-1-induced wheat male sterility, as well as the developmental mechanisms of anthers.
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21
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Lang L, Schnittger A. Endoreplication - a means to an end in cell growth and stress response. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 54:85-92. [PMID: 32217456 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Endoreplication, also called endoreduplication or endopolyploidization, is a cell cycle variant in which the genome is re-replicated in the absence of mitosis causing cellular polyploidization. Despite the common occurrence of endoreplication in plants and the tremendous extent in specific tissues and cell types such as the endosperm, the underlying molecular regulation and the physiological consequences have only now started to be understood. Endoreplication is often associated with cell differentiation and withdrawal from mitotic cycles. Recent studies have underlined the importance of endoreplication as a stress response and we summarize here this progress with particular focus on future perspectives offered by the recent advances in genomics and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Lang
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Department of Developmental Biology, Ohnhorststr. 18, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arp Schnittger
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Department of Developmental Biology, Ohnhorststr. 18, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany.
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22
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Peng S, Sun K, Guo Y, Liu Y, Wang S. Arabidopsis nucleoporin CPR5 controls trichome cell death through the core cell cycle regulator CKI. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:337-345. [PMID: 31692196 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis trichome is a polyploid epidermal cell resulting from multiple rounds of endocycles. The CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR (CKI) family proteins are core cell cycle regulators that promote the endocycle. CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSION OF PR GENES 5 (CPR5) is a plant-specific nucleoporin. It has been found that two Arabidopsis CKI, SIAMESE (SIM) and SIAMESE-RELATED 1 (SMR1), function downstream of CPR5 to activate plant effector-triggered cell death. The sim smr1 double mutants form multicellular and clustered trichomes, while the cpr5 mutants produce dead and branchless trichomes. This study explored roles of the CPR5-CKI signalling pathway in trichome cell cycle transition. To examine the underlying mechanism of how cell cycle transition is regulated in plant trichomes, Trypan blue staining, flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nuclear DNA measurement were conducted. The native promoter-driven CKI and GUS fusion reporter showed that both SIM and SMR1 proteins were preferentially expressed in trichomes. The cpr5-induced dead and branchless trichomes were fully suppressed by the sim smr1 double mutant, suggesting that SIM and SMR1 function downstream of CPR5 in trichome development. Flow cytometry analysis showed that as compared to the number of 2C (C = DNA content in a haploid nucleus) cells, the number of 4C cells significantly increased, whereas that of polyploidy cells (8C and 16C) dramatically decreased in the cpr5 mutant. The elevated 4C/2C ratio in the cpr5 mutant is consistent with de-repression of pro-endocycle regulators SIM and SMR1. The polyploidy cells (8C and 16C) may be selectively targeted to cell death, which is therefore attributed to the branchless trichomes in the cpr5 mutant. Nuclear DNA content analysis demonstrated that the nuclear DNA content of trichomes in the cpr5 sim mutant was significantly higher than in the sim mutant, indicating that CPR5 is a negative endocycle regulator in trichomes. This study reveals that the CPR5-CKI signalling pathway controls trichome cell cycle transition and excessive endocycles are required for cell death in plant trichomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - K Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Novikova GV, Stepanchenko NS, Zorina AA, Nosov AV, Rakitin VY, Moshkov IE, Los DA. Coupling of Cell Division and Differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana Cultured Cells with Interaction of Ethylene and ABA Signaling Pathways. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E15. [PMID: 32050697 PMCID: PMC7175341 DOI: 10.3390/life10020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate direct links between molecular cell cycle and cell differentiation machineries. Ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) are known to affect cell division and differentiation, but the mechanisms of such effects are poorly understood. As ethylene and ABA signaling routes may interact, we examined their involvement in cell division and differentiation in cell tissue cultures derived from several Arabidopsis thaliana plants: wild type (Col-0), and ethylene-insensitive mutants etr1-1, ctr1-1, and ein2-1. We designed an experimental setup to analyze the growth-related parameters and molecular mechanisms in proliferating cells upon short exposure to ABA. Here, we provide evidence for the ethylene-ABA signaling pathways' interaction in the regulation of cell division and differentiation as follows: (1) when the ethylene signal transduction pathway is functionally active (Col-0), the cells actively proliferate, and exogenous ABA performs its function as an inhibitor of DNA synthesis and division; (2) if the ethylene signal is not perceived (etr1-1), then, in addition to cell differentiation (tracheary elements formation), cell death can occur. The addition of exogenous ABA can rescue the cells via increasing proliferation; (3) if the ethylene signal is perceived, but not transduced (ein2-1), then cell differentiation takes place-the latter is enhanced by exogenous ABA while cell proliferation is reduced; (4) when the signal transduction pathway is constitutively active, the cells begin to exit the cell cycle and proceed to endo-reduplication (ctr1-1). In this case, the addition of exogenous ABA promotes reactivation of cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina V. Novikova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russian
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dmitry A. Los
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russian
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24
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Ajadi AA, Tong X, Wang H, Zhao J, Tang L, Li Z, Liu X, Shu Y, Li S, Wang S, Liu W, Tajo SM, Zhang J, Wang Y. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors KRP1 and KRP2 Are Involved in Grain Filling and Seed Germination in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010245. [PMID: 31905829 PMCID: PMC6981537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors known as KRPs (kip-related proteins) control the progression of plant cell cycles and modulate various plant developmental processes. However, the function of KRPs in rice remains largely unknown. In this study, two rice KRPs members, KRP1 and KRP2, were found to be predominantly expressed in developing seeds and were significantly induced by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and Brassinosteroid (BR) applications. Sub-cellular localization experiments showed that KRP1 was mainly localized in the nucleus of rice protoplasts. KRP1 overexpression transgenic lines (OxKRP1), krp2 single mutant (crkrp2), and krp1/krp2 double mutant (crkrp1/krp2) all exhibited significantly smaller seed width, seed length, and reduced grain weight, with impaired seed germination and retarded early seedling growth, suggesting that disturbing the normal steady state of KRP1 or KRP2 blocks seed development partly through inhibiting cell proliferation and enlargement during grain filling and seed germination. Furthermore, two cyclin-dependent protein kinases, CDKC;2 and CDKF;3, could interact with KRP1 in a yeast-two-hybrid system, indicating that KRP1 might regulate the mitosis cell cycle and endoreduplication through the two targets. In a word, this study shed novel insights into the regulatory roles of KRPs in rice seed maturation and germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolore Adijat Ajadi
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (A.A.A.); (X.T.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.M.T.)
- Biotechnology Unit, National Cereals Research Institute, Badeggi, Bida 912101, Nigeria
| | - Xiaohong Tong
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (A.A.A.); (X.T.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.M.T.)
| | - Huimei Wang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (A.A.A.); (X.T.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.M.T.)
| | - Juan Zhao
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (A.A.A.); (X.T.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.M.T.)
| | - Liqun Tang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (A.A.A.); (X.T.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.M.T.)
| | - Zhiyong Li
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (A.A.A.); (X.T.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.M.T.)
| | - Xixi Liu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (A.A.A.); (X.T.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.M.T.)
| | - Yazhou Shu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (A.A.A.); (X.T.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.M.T.)
| | - Shufan Li
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (A.A.A.); (X.T.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.M.T.)
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (A.A.A.); (X.T.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.M.T.)
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Wanning Liu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (A.A.A.); (X.T.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.M.T.)
| | - Sani Muhammad Tajo
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (A.A.A.); (X.T.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.M.T.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (A.A.A.); (X.T.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.M.T.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (Y.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-571-6337-0277 (J.Z.); +86-571-6337-0206 (Y.W.)
| | - Yifeng Wang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (A.A.A.); (X.T.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (L.T.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.M.T.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (Y.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-571-6337-0277 (J.Z.); +86-571-6337-0206 (Y.W.)
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25
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Campbell BW, Hoyle JW, Bucciarelli B, Stec AO, Samac DA, Parrott WA, Stupar RM. Functional analysis and development of a CRISPR/Cas9 allelic series for a CPR5 ortholog necessary for proper growth of soybean trichomes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14757. [PMID: 31611562 PMCID: PMC6791840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Developments in genomic and genome editing technologies have facilitated the mapping, cloning, and validation of genetic variants underlying trait variation. This study combined bulked-segregant analysis, array comparative genomic hybridization, and CRISPR/Cas9 methodologies to identify a CPR5 ortholog essential for proper trichome growth in soybean (Glycine max). A fast neutron mutant line exhibited short trichomes with smaller trichome nuclei compared to its parent line. A fast neutron-induced deletion was identified within an interval on chromosome 6 that co-segregated with the trichome phenotype. The deletion encompassed six gene models including an ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana CPR5. CRISPR/Cas9 was used to mutate the CPR5 ortholog, resulting in five plants harboring a total of four different putative knockout alleles and two in-frame alleles. Phenotypic analysis of the mutants validated the candidate gene, and included intermediate phenotypes that co-segregated with the in-frame alleles. These findings demonstrate that the CPR5 ortholog is essential for proper growth and development of soybean trichomes, similar to observations in A. thaliana. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the value of using CRISPR/Cas9 to generate an allelic series and intermediate phenotypes for functional analysis of candidate genes and/or the development of novel traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Campbell
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
| | - Jacob W Hoyle
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Bruna Bucciarelli
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- USDA-ARS-Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Adrian O Stec
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Deborah A Samac
- USDA-ARS-Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Wayne A Parrott
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Robert M Stupar
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
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26
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Bhosale R, Maere S, De Veylder L. Endoreplication as a potential driver of cell wall modifications. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 51:58-65. [PMID: 31071565 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Endoreplication represents a variant of the mitotic cell cycle during which cells replicate their DNA without mitosis and/or cytokinesis, resulting in an increase in the cells' ploidy level. This process is especially prominent in higher plants, where it has been correlated with cell differentiation, metabolic output and rapid cell growth. However, different reports argue against a ploidy-dependent contribution to cell growth. Here, we review accumulating data suggesting that endocycle onset might exert an effect on cell growth through transcriptional control of cell wall-modifying genes to drive cell wall changes required to accommodate turgor-driven rapid cell expansion, consistent with the idea that vacuolar expansion rather than a ploidy-driven increase in cellular volume represents the major force driving cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhosale
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom; Center for Plant Integrative Biology (CPIB), University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Maere
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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27
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Fambrini M, Pugliesi C. The Dynamic Genetic-Hormonal Regulatory Network Controlling the Trichome Development in Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E253. [PMID: 31357744 PMCID: PMC6724107 DOI: 10.3390/plants8080253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant trichomes are outgrowths developed from an epidermal pavement cells of leaves and other organs. Trichomes (also called 'hairs') play well-recognized roles in defense against insect herbivores, forming a physical barrier that obstructs insect movement and mediating chemical defenses. In addition, trichomes can act as a mechanosensory switch, transducing mechanical stimuli (e.g., insect movement) into physiological signals, helping the plant to respond to insect attacks. Hairs can also modulate plant responses to abiotic stresses, such as water loss, an excess of light and temperature, and reflect light to protect plants against UV radiation. The structure of trichomes is species-specific and this trait is generally related to their function. These outgrowths are easily analyzed and their origin represents an outstanding subject to study epidermal cell fate and patterning in plant organs. In leaves, the developmental control of the trichomatous complement has highlighted a regulatory network based on four fundamental elements: (i) genes that activate and/or modify the normal cell cycle of epidermal pavement cells (i.e., endoreduplication cycles); (ii) transcription factors that create an activator/repressor complex with a central role in determining cell fate, initiation, and differentiation of an epidermal cell in trichomes; (iii) evidence that underlines the interplay of the aforesaid complex with different classes of phytohormones; (iv) epigenetic mechanisms involved in trichome development. Here, we reviewed the role of genes in the development of trichomes, as well as the interaction between genes and hormones. Furthermore, we reported basic studies about the regulation of the cell cycle and the complexity of trichomes. Finally, this review focused on the epigenetic factors involved in the initiation and development of hairs, mainly on leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fambrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Pugliesi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80-56124 Pisa, Italy.
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28
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Li S, Liu L, Li T, Lan T, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Liu J, Xu S, Zhang X, Zhu J, Xue J, Guo D. The distribution pattern of endopolyploidy in maize. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:1487-1503. [PMID: 30734115 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03294-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We discovered that endopolyploidization is common in various organs and tissues of maize at different development stages. Endopolyploidy is not specific in maize germplasm populations. Endopolyploidy is caused by DNA endoreplication, a special type of mitosis with normal DNA synthesis and a lack of cell division; it is a common phenomenon and plays an important role in plant development. To systematically study the distribution pattern of endopolyploidy in maize, flow cytometry was used to determine the ploidy by measuring the cycle (C) value in various organs at different developmental stages, in embryos and endosperm during grain development, in roots under stress conditions, and in the roots of 119 inbred lines from two heterotic groups, Shaan A and Shaan B. Endopolyploidy was observed in most organs at various developmental stages except in expanded leaves and filaments. The endosperm showed the highest C value among all organs. During tissue development, the ploidy increased in all organs except the leaves. In addition, the endopolyploidization of the roots was significantly affected by drought stress. Multiple comparisons of the C values of seven subgroups revealed that the distribution of endopolyploidization was not correlated with the population structure. A correlation analysis at the seedling stage showed a positive relationship between the C value and both the length of the whole plant and the length of main root. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified a total of 9 significant SNPs associated with endopolyploidy (C value) in maize, and 8 candidate genes that participate in cell cycle regulation and DNA replication were uncovered in 119 maize inbred lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linsan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianru Lan
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengquan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianchao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shutu Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinghua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianchu Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiquan Xue
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongwei Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Jiang X, He J, Cheng P, Xiang Z, Zhou H, Wang R, Shen W. Methane Control of Adventitious Rooting Requires γ-Glutamyl Cysteine Synthetase-Mediated Glutathione Homeostasis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:802-815. [PMID: 30590760 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Although the key role of methane (CH4) in the induction of cucumber adventitious rooting has been observed previously, the target molecules downstream of the CH4 action are yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we reported that exogenous glutathione (GSH) induced cucumber adventitious root formation; while l-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) treatment inhibited it. BSO is a known inhibitor of γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γ-ECS), an enzyme involved in GSH biosynthesis. Further investigations showed that endogenous GSH content was rapidly increased by CH4 application, which was correlated with the increased CsGSH1 transcript and γ-ECS activity. Mimicking the responses of GSH, CH4 could upregulate cell cycle regulatory genes (CsCDC6, CsCDPK1, CsCDPK5 and CsDNAJ-1) and auxin-response genes (CsAux22D-like and CsAux22B-like). Meanwhile, adventitious rooting-related CsmiR160 and CsmiR167 were increased or decreased, respectively, and contrasting tendencies were observed in the changes of their target genes, that included CsARF17 and CsARF8. The responses above were impaired by the removal of endogenous GSH with BSO, indicating that CH4-triggered adventitious rooting was GSH-dependent. Genetic evidence revealed that in the presence of CH4, Arabidopsis mutants cad2 (a γ-ECS-defective mutant) exhibited, not only the decreased GSH content in vivo, but also the defects in adventitious root formation, both of which were rescued by GSH administration other than CH4. Together, it can be concluded that γ-ECS-dependent GSH homeostasis might be required for CH4-induced adventitious root formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xumin Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie He
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixin Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ren Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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30
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Sizani BL, Kalve S, Markakis MN, Domagalska MA, Stelmaszewska J, AbdElgawad H, Zhao X, De Veylder L, De Vos D, Broeckhove J, Schnittger A, Beemster GTS. Multiple mechanisms explain how reduced KRP expression increases leaf size of Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:1345-1358. [PMID: 30267580 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Although cell number generally correlates with organ size, the role of cell cycle control in growth regulation is still largely unsolved. We studied kip related protein (krp) 4, 6 and 7 single, double and triple mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana to understand the role of cell cycle inhibitory proteins in leaf development. We performed leaf growth and seed size analysis, kinematic analysis, flow cytometery, transcriptome analysis and mathematical modeling of G1/S and G2/M checkpoint progression of the mitotic and endoreplication cycle. Double and triple mutants progressively increased mature leaf size, because of elevated expression of cell cycle and DNA replication genes stimulating progression through the division and endoreplication cycle. However, cell number was also already increased before leaf emergence, as a result of an increased cell number in the embryo. We show that increased embryo and seed size in krp4/6/7 results from seed abortion, presumably reducing resource competition, and that seed size differences contribute to the phenotype of several large-leaf mutants. Our results provide a new mechanistic understanding of the role of cell cycle regulation in leaf development and highlight the contribution of the embryo to the development of leaves after germination in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulelani L Sizani
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
| | - Shweta Kalve
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
| | - Marios N Markakis
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
| | - Malgorzata A Domagalska
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
| | - Joanna Stelmaszewska
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology Medical, University of Bialystok, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Xin'ai Zhao
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 22609, Germany
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, 6052, Belgium
| | - Dirk De Vos
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
| | - Jan Broeckhove
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 22609, Germany
| | - Gerrit T S Beemster
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
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Mei Y, Zhao Y, Jin X, Wang R, Xu N, Hu J, Huang L, Guan R, Shen W. L-Cysteine desulfhydrase-dependent hydrogen sulfide is required for methane-induced lateral root formation. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:283-298. [PMID: 30623274 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-00817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Methane-triggered lateral root formation is not only a universal event, but also dependent on L-cysteine desulfhydrase-dependent hydrogen sulfide signaling. Whether or how methane (CH4) triggers lateral root (LR) formation has not been elucidated. In this report, CH4 induction of lateral rooting and the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were dissected in tomato and Arabidopsis by using physiological, anatomical, molecular, and genetic approaches. First, we discovered that CH4 induction of lateral rooting is a universal event. Exogenously applied CH4 not only triggered tomato lateral rooting, but also increased activities of L-cysteine desulfhydrase (DES; a major synthetic enzyme of H2S) and induced endogenous H2S production, and contrasting responses were observed in the presence of hypotaurine (HT; a scavenger of H2S) or DL-propargylglycine (PAG; an inhibitor of DES) alone. CH4-triggered lateral rooting were sensitive to the inhibition of endogenous H2S with HT or PAG. The changes in the transcripts of representative cell cycle regulatory genes, miRNA and its target genes were matched with above phenotypes. In the presence of CH4, Arabidopsis mutant Atdes1 exhibited defects in lateral rooting, compared with the wild-type. Molecular evidence showed that the transcriptional profiles of representative target genes modulated by CH4 in wild-type plants were impaired in Atdes1 mutant. Overall, our data demonstrate the main branch of the DES-dependent H2S signaling cascade in CH4-triggered LR formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Mei
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xinxin Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ren Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Na Xu
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiawen Hu
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Liqin Huang
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Rongzhan Guan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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32
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Bhosale R, Boudolf V, Cuevas F, Lu R, Eekhout T, Hu Z, Van Isterdael G, Lambert GM, Xu F, Nowack MK, Smith RS, Vercauteren I, De Rycke R, Storme V, Beeckman T, Larkin JC, Kremer A, Höfte H, Galbraith DW, Kumpf RP, Maere S, De Veylder L. A Spatiotemporal DNA Endoploidy Map of the Arabidopsis Root Reveals Roles for the Endocycle in Root Development and Stress Adaptation. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:2330-2351. [PMID: 30115738 PMCID: PMC6241279 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Somatic polyploidy caused by endoreplication is observed in arthropods, molluscs, and vertebrates but is especially prominent in higher plants, where it has been postulated to be essential for cell growth and fate maintenance. However, a comprehensive understanding of the physiological significance of plant endopolyploidy has remained elusive. Here, we modeled and experimentally verified a high-resolution DNA endoploidy map of the developing Arabidopsis thaliana root, revealing a remarkable spatiotemporal control of DNA endoploidy levels across tissues. Fitting of a simplified model to publicly available data sets profiling root gene expression under various environmental stress conditions suggested that this root endoploidy patterning may be stress-responsive. Furthermore, cellular and transcriptomic analyses revealed that inhibition of endoreplication onset alters the nuclear-to-cellular volume ratio and the expression of cell wall-modifying genes, in correlation with the appearance of cell structural changes. Our data indicate that endopolyploidy might serve to coordinate cell expansion with structural stability and that spatiotemporal endoreplication pattern changes may buffer for stress conditions, which may explain the widespread occurrence of the endocycle in plant species growing in extreme or variable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhosale
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Veronique Boudolf
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fabiola Cuevas
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ran Lu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Eekhout
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zhubing Hu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, 475004 Kaifeng, China
| | - Gert Van Isterdael
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Flow Core, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Fan Xu
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Moritz K Nowack
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard S Smith
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ilse Vercauteren
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Bio Imaging Core, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veronique Storme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - John C Larkin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Anna Kremer
- Center for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
- VIB Bio Imaging Core, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Herman Höfte
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - David W Galbraith
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Robert P Kumpf
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Maere
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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33
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Kumar N, Dale R, Kemboi D, Zeringue EA, Kato N, Larkin JC. Functional Analysis of Short Linear Motifs in the Plant Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor SIAMESE. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:1569-1579. [PMID: 29903833 PMCID: PMC6084652 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Endoreplication, a modified cell cycle in which DNA is replicated without subsequent cell division, plays an important but poorly understood role in plant growth and in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SIAMESE (SIM) gene encodes the first identified member of the SIAMESE-RELATED (SMR) family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. SIM controls endoreplication during trichome development, and sim mutant trichomes divide several times instead of endoreplicating their DNA. The SMR family is defined by several short linear amino acid sequence motifs of largely unknown function, and family members have little sequence similarity to any known protein functional domains. Here, we investigated the roles of the conserved motifs in SIM site-directed Arabidopsis mutants using several functional assays. We identified a potential cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-binding site, which bears no resemblance to other known CDK interaction motifs. We also identified a potential site of phosphorylation and two redundant nuclear localization sequences. Surprisingly, the only motif with similarity to the other family of plant CDK inhibitors, the INHIBITOR/INTERACTOR OF CDC2 KINASE/KIP-RELATED PROTEIN proteins, is not required for SIM function in vivo. Because even highly divergent members of the SMR family are able to replace SIM function in Arabidopsis trichomes, it is likely that the results obtained here for SIM will apply to other members of this plant-specific family of CDK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narender Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Renee Dale
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Daniel Kemboi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Elizabeth A Zeringue
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Naohiro Kato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - John C Larkin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
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Dubois M, Selden K, Bediée A, Rolland G, Baumberger N, Noir S, Bach L, Lamy G, Granier C, Genschik P. SIAMESE-RELATED1 Is Regulated Posttranslationally and Participates in Repression of Leaf Growth under Moderate Drought. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:2834-2850. [PMID: 29472278 PMCID: PMC5884595 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell cycle is tightly regulated by factors that integrate endogenous cues and environmental signals to adapt plant growth to changing conditions. Under drought, cell division in young leaves is blocked by an active mechanism, reducing the evaporative surface and conserving energy resources. The molecular function of cyclin-dependent kinase-inhibitory proteins (CKIs) in regulating the cell cycle has already been well studied, but little is known about their involvement in cell cycle regulation under adverse growth conditions. In this study, we show that the transcript of the CKI gene SIAMESE-RELATED1 (SMR1) is quickly induced under moderate drought in young Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves. Functional characterization further revealed that SMR1 inhibits cell division and affects meristem activity, thereby restricting the growth of leaves and roots. Moreover, we demonstrate that SMR1 is a short-lived protein that is degraded by the 26S proteasome after being ubiquitinated by a Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase. Consequently, overexpression of a more stable variant of the SMR1 protein leads to a much stronger phenotype than overexpression of the native SMR1. Under moderate drought, both the SMR1 transcript and SMR1 protein accumulate. Despite this induction, smr1 mutants do not show overall tolerance to drought stress but do show less growth inhibition of young leaves under drought. Surprisingly, the growth-repressive hormone ethylene promotes SMR1 induction, but the classical drought hormone abscisic acid does not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Dubois
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Katia Selden
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Alexis Bediée
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Gaëlle Rolland
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Baumberger
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sandra Noir
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Lien Bach
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Geneviève Lamy
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Granier
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Genschik
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier, France
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Cao L, Wang S, Venglat P, Zhao L, Cheng Y, Ye S, Qin Y, Datla R, Zhou Y, Wang H. Arabidopsis ICK/KRP cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors function to ensure the formation of one megaspore mother cell and one functional megaspore per ovule. PLoS Genet 2018. [PMID: 29513662 PMCID: PMC5858843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In most plants, the female germline starts with the differentiation of one megaspore mother cell (MMC) in each ovule that produces four megaspores through meiosis, one of which survives to become the functional megaspore (FM). The FM further develops into an embryo sac. Little is known regarding the control of MMC formation to one per ovule and the selective survival of the FM. The ICK/KRPs (interactor/inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)/Kip-related proteins) are plant CDK inhibitors and cell cycle regulators. Here we report that in the ovules of Arabidopsis mutant with all seven ICK/KRP genes inactivated, supernumerary MMCs, FMs and embryo sacs were formed and the two embryo sacs could be fertilized to form two embryos with separate endosperm compartments. Twin seedlings were observed in about 2% seeds. Further, in the mutant ovules the number and position of surviving megaspores from one MMC were variable, indicating that the positional signal for determining the survival of megaspore was affected. Strikingly, ICK4 fusion protein with yellow fluorescence protein was strongly present in the degenerative megaspores but absent in the FM, suggesting an important role of ICKs in the degeneration of non-functional megaspores. The absence of or much weaker phenotypes in lower orders of mutants and complementation of the septuple mutant by ICK4 or ICK7 indicate that multiple ICK/KRPs function redundantly in restricting the formation of more than one MMC and in the selective survival of FM, which are critical to ensure the development of one embryo sac and one embryo per ovule. In most plants, the female germline starts with the differentiation of one megaspore mother cell (MMC) in each ovule that produces multiple megaspores through meiosis. One of the megaspores in a fixed position survives to become the functional megaspore (FM) while the other megaspores undergo degeneration. The FM further develops into an embryo sac. We have been working on the functions and regulation of a family of plant cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors called ICKs or KRPs. We observed that in the ovules of Arabidopsis mutant with all seven ICK/KRP genes inactivated, multiple MMCs, FMs and embryo sacs were formed, and the embryo sacs could be fertilized to produce two embryos with separate endosperm compartments. Further, in mutant ovules the number and position of surviving megaspores from one MMC were variable and ICK4-YFP (yellow fluorescence protein) fusion protein was strongly expressed in the degenerative megaspores but absent in the FM. Those findings together with other results in our study indicate that multiple ICK/KRPs function redundantly in controlling the formation of one MMC per ovule and also in the degeneration of non-functional megaspores, which are critical for the subsequent development of one embryo sac per ovule and one embryo per seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sheng Wang
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Lihua Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Shengjian Ye
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Yuan Qin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Raju Datla
- National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Yongming Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (HW); (YZ)
| | - Hong Wang
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- * E-mail: (HW); (YZ)
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Tian N, Liu F, Wang P, Zhang X, Li X, Wu G. The molecular basis of glandular trichome development and secondary metabolism in plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Gorelova V, De Lepeleire J, Van Daele J, Pluim D, Meï C, Cuypers A, Leroux O, Rébeillé F, Schellens JHM, Blancquaert D, Stove CP, Van Der Straeten D. Dihydrofolate Reductase/Thymidylate Synthase Fine-Tunes the Folate Status and Controls Redox Homeostasis in Plants. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:2831-2853. [PMID: 28939595 PMCID: PMC5728131 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Folates (B9 vitamins) are essential cofactors in one-carbon metabolism. Since C1 transfer reactions are involved in synthesis of nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other biomolecules, as well as in epigenetic control, folates are vital for all living organisms. This work presents a complete study of a plant DHFR-TS (dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase) gene family that implements the penultimate step in folate biosynthesis. We demonstrate that one of the DHFR-TS isoforms (DHFR-TS3) operates as an inhibitor of its two homologs, thus regulating DHFR and TS activities and, as a consequence, folate abundance. In addition, a novel function of folate metabolism in plants is proposed, i.e., maintenance of the redox balance by contributing to NADPH production through the reaction catalyzed by methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, thus allowing plants to cope with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Gorelova
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jolien De Lepeleire
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Dick Pluim
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Coline Meï
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Vegetale, UMR168 CNRS-CEA-INRA-Universite Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, Bioscience and Biotechnologies Institute of Grenoble, CEA-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Olivier Leroux
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Rébeillé
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Vegetale, UMR168 CNRS-CEA-INRA-Universite Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, Bioscience and Biotechnologies Institute of Grenoble, CEA-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Jan H M Schellens
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dieter Blancquaert
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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Wildermuth MC, Steinwand MA, McRae AG, Jaenisch J, Chandran D. Adapted Biotroph Manipulation of Plant Cell Ploidy. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 55:537-564. [PMID: 28617655 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Diverse plant biotrophs that establish a sustained site of nutrient acquisition induce localized host endoreduplication. Endoreduplication is a process by which cells successively replicate their genomes without mitosis, resulting in an increase in nuclear DNA ploidy. Elevated ploidy is associated with enhanced cell size, metabolic capacity, and the capacity to differentiate. Localized host endoreduplication induced by adapted plant biotrophs promotes biotroph colonization, development, and/or proliferation. When induced host endoreduplication is limited, biotroph growth and/or development are compromised. Herein, we examine a diverse set of plant-biotroph interactions to identify (a) common host components manipulated to promote induced host endoreduplication and (b) biotroph effectors that facilitate this induced host process. Shared mechanisms to promote host endoreduplication and development of nutrient exchange/feeding sites include manipulation centered on endocycle entry at the G2-M transition as well as yet undefined roles for differentiation regulators (e.g., CLE peptides) and pectin/cell wall modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Wildermuth
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
| | - Michael A Steinwand
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
| | - Amanda G McRae
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
| | - Johan Jaenisch
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
| | - Divya Chandran
- Regional Center for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India 121001
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Li K, Yang F, Miao Y, Song CP. Abscisic acid signaling is involved in regulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade module, AIK1-MKK5-MPK6. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1321188. [PMID: 28494202 PMCID: PMC5501243 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1321188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays roles in plant growth and development and in stress responses. Recently, we found that ABA regulates ABA-insensitive protein kinase 1 (AIK1), a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase. Compared with wild-type, aik1-1 showed downregulation of ABA-responsive genes (RD29A, MYC2, ABI3 and ABI4). Under ABA treatment, the transcript level of KRP1 (Kip-related protein, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) was lower in aik1-1 than in wild-type. The activity of ABA-activated MPK6 was decreased in abi1 abi2, and abi1 abi2 hab1, and increased in snrk2.2 snrk2.3 and pyr1 pyl1 pyl2 pyl4 mutants. These results indicated that AIK1-MKK5-MPK6 functions in ABA responses and requires ABA-responsive gene expression to regulate ABA-inhibited root growth and cell division. The ABA signaling pathway regulates this MAPK cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, P.R. China
| | - Fengbo Yang
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, P.R. China
- CONTACT Chun-Peng Song .Department of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Minglun Street, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475001, China
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Godínez-Palma SK, Rosas-Bringas FR, Rosas-Bringas OG, García-Ramírez E, Zamora-Zaragoza J, Vázquez-Ramos JM. Two maize Kip-related proteins differentially interact with, inhibit and are phosphorylated by cyclin D-cyclin-dependent kinase complexes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1585-1597. [PMID: 28369656 PMCID: PMC5444471 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The family of maize Kip-related proteins (KRPs) has been studied and a nomenclature based on the relationship to rice KRP genes is proposed. Expression studies of KRP genes indicate that all are expressed at 24 h of seed germination but expression is differential in the different tissues of maize plantlets. Recombinant KRP1;1 and KRP4;2 proteins, members of different KRP classes, were used to study association to and inhibitory activity on different maize cyclin D (CycD)-cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes. Kinase activity in CycD2;2-CDK, CycD4;2-CDK, and CycD5;3-CDK complexes was inhibited by both KRPs; however, only KRP1;1 inhibited activity in the CycD6;1-CDK complex, not KRP4;2. Whereas KRP1;1 associated with either CycD2;2 or CycD6;1, and to cyclin-dependent kinase A (CDKA) recombinant proteins, forming ternary complexes, KRP4;2 bound CDKA and CycD2;2 but did not bind CycD6;1, establishing a differential association capacity. All CycD-CDK complexes included here phosphorylated both the retinoblastoma-related (RBR) protein and the two KRPs; interestingly, while KRP4;2 phosphorylated by the CycD2;2-CDK complex increased its inhibitory capacity, when phosphorylated by the CycD6;1-CDK complex the inhibitory capacity was reduced or eliminated. Evidence suggests that the phosphorylated residues in KRP4;2 may be different for every kinase, and this would influence its performance as a cyclin-CDK inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia K Godínez-Palma
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, UNAM, Avenida Universidad y Copilco, México DF 04510, México
| | - Fernando R Rosas-Bringas
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, UNAM, Avenida Universidad y Copilco, México DF 04510, México
- I. Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Obere Zahlbacherstr. 63 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Omar G Rosas-Bringas
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, UNAM, Avenida Universidad y Copilco, México DF 04510, México
| | - Elpidio García-Ramírez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, UNAM, Avenida Universidad y Copilco, México DF 04510, México
| | - Jorge Zamora-Zaragoza
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, UNAM, Avenida Universidad y Copilco, México DF 04510, México
- Department of Plant Sciences, Plant Developmental Biology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge M Vázquez-Ramos
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, UNAM, Avenida Universidad y Copilco, México DF 04510, México
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Li K, Yang F, Zhang G, Song S, Li Y, Ren D, Miao Y, Song CP. AIK1, A Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, Modulates Abscisic Acid Responses through the MKK5-MPK6 Kinase Cascade. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:1391-1408. [PMID: 27913741 PMCID: PMC5291029 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is an evolutionarily conserved signal transduction module involved in transducing extracellular signals to the nucleus for appropriate cellular adjustment. This cascade essentially consists of three components: a MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK), a MAPK kinase, and a MAPK, connected to each other by the event of phosphorylation. Here, we report the characterization of a MAPKKK, ABA-INSENSITIVE PROTEIN KINASE1 (AIK1), which regulates abscisic acid (ABA) responses in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). T-DNA insertion mutants of AIK1 showed insensitivity to ABA in terms of both root growth and stomatal response. AIK1 functions in ABA responses via regulation of root cell division and elongation, as well as stomatal responses. The activity of AIK1 is induced by ABA in Arabidopsis and tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana), and the Arabidopsis protein phosphatase type 2C, ABI1, a negative regulator of ABA signaling, restricts AIK1 activity by dephosphorylation. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis showed that MPK3, MPK6, and AIK1 interact with MKK5. The single mutant seedlings of mpk6 and mkk5 have similar phenotypes to aik1, but mkk4 does not. AIK1 was localized in the cytoplasm and shown to activate MKK5 by protein phosphorylation, which was an ABA-activated process. Constitutively active MKK5 in aik1 mutant seedlings complements the ABA-insensitive root growth phenotype of aik1 The activity of MPK6 was increased by ABA in wild-type seedlings, but its activation by ABA was impaired in aik1 and aik1 mkk5 mutants. These findings clearly suggest that the AIK1-MKK5-MPK6 cascade functions in the ABA regulation of primary root growth and stomatal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China (K.L., F.Y., G.Z., S.S., Y.M., C.-P.S.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Y.L., D.R.)
| | - Fengbo Yang
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China (K.L., F.Y., G.Z., S.S., Y.M., C.-P.S.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Y.L., D.R.)
| | - Guozeng Zhang
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China (K.L., F.Y., G.Z., S.S., Y.M., C.-P.S.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Y.L., D.R.)
| | - Shufei Song
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China (K.L., F.Y., G.Z., S.S., Y.M., C.-P.S.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Y.L., D.R.)
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China (K.L., F.Y., G.Z., S.S., Y.M., C.-P.S.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Y.L., D.R.)
| | - Dongtao Ren
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China (K.L., F.Y., G.Z., S.S., Y.M., C.-P.S.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Y.L., D.R.)
| | - Yuchen Miao
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China (K.L., F.Y., G.Z., S.S., Y.M., C.-P.S.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Y.L., D.R.)
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China (K.L., F.Y., G.Z., S.S., Y.M., C.-P.S.); and
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Y.L., D.R.)
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Poitout A, Martinière A, Kucharczyk B, Queruel N, Silva-Andia J, Mashkoor S, Gamet L, Varoquaux F, Paris N, Sentenac H, Touraine B, Desbrosses G. Local signalling pathways regulate the Arabidopsis root developmental response to Mesorhizobium loti inoculation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1199-1211. [PMID: 28199673 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Numerous reports have shown that various rhizobia can interact with non-host plant species, improving mineral nutrition and promoting plant growth. To further investigate the effects of such non-host interactions on root development and functions, we inoculated Arabidopsis thaliana with the model nitrogen fixing rhizobacterium Mesorhizobium loti (strain MAFF303099). In vitro, we show that root colonization by M. loti remains epiphytic and that M. loti cells preferentially grow at sites where primary and secondary roots intersect. Besides resulting in an increase in shoot biomass production, colonization leads to transient inhibition of primary root growth, strong promotion of root hair elongation and increased apoplasmic acidification in periphery cells of a sizeable part of the root system. Using auxin mutants, axr1-3 and aux1-100, we show that a plant auxin pathway plays a major role in inhibiting root growth but not in promoting root hair elongation, indicating that root developmental responses involve several distinct pathways. Finally, using a split root device, we demonstrate that root colonization by M. loti, as well as by the bona fide plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas, affect root development via local transduction pathways restricted to the colonised regions of the root system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Poitout
- LSTM, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - A Martinière
- BPMP, Univ. Montpellier, INRA, CNRS, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - B Kucharczyk
- LSTM, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - N Queruel
- LSTM, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - J Silva-Andia
- LSTM, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - S Mashkoor
- BPMP, Univ. Montpellier, INRA, CNRS, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - L Gamet
- LSTM, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - F Varoquaux
- LSTM, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - N Paris
- BPMP, Univ. Montpellier, INRA, CNRS, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - H Sentenac
- BPMP, Univ. Montpellier, INRA, CNRS, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - B Touraine
- LSTM, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - G Desbrosses
- LSTM, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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Kumar N, Larkin JC. Why do plants need so many cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors? PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1282021. [PMID: 28165885 PMCID: PMC5351735 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1282021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell cycle regulation is fundamental to growth and development, and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors (CKIs) are major negative regulators of the cell cycle. Plant genomes encode substantially more CKIs than metazoan or fungal genomes. Plant CKIs fall into 2 distinct families, KIP-RELATED PROTEINS (KRPs) and SIAMESE-RELATED proteins (SMRs). SMRs can inhibit both S-phase and M-phase CDK complexes in vitro and are transcribed throughout the cell cycle, yet SMRs do not inhibit DNA replication in vivo. This suggests that SMRs must be activated post transcriptionally after the start of S-phase, but the mechanism of this hypothesized activation is unknown. Recent work indicates that even distantly related SMRs have the same biochemical function, and that differential transcriptional regulation likely maintains their distinct roles in integrating various environmental and developmental signals with the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narender Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - John C. Larkin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- CONTACT John C. Larkin Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Chen L, Peng Y, Tian J, Wang X, Kong Z, Mao T, Yuan M, Li Y. TCS1, a Microtubule-Binding Protein, Interacts with KCBP/ZWICHEL to Regulate Trichome Cell Shape in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006266. [PMID: 27768706 PMCID: PMC5074588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
How cell shape is controlled is a fundamental question in developmental biology, but the genetic and molecular mechanisms that determine cell shape are largely unknown. Arabidopsis trichomes have been used as a good model system to investigate cell shape at the single-cell level. Here we describe the trichome cell shape 1 (tcs1) mutants with the reduced trichome branch number in Arabidopsis. TCS1 encodes a coiled-coil domain-containing protein. Pharmacological analyses and observations of microtubule dynamics show that TCS1 influences the stability of microtubules. Biochemical analyses and live-cell imaging indicate that TCS1 binds to microtubules and promotes the assembly of microtubules. Further results reveal that TCS1 physically associates with KCBP/ZWICHEL, a microtubule motor involved in the regulation of trichome branch number. Genetic analyses indicate that kcbp/zwi is epistatic to tcs1 with respect to trichome branch number. Thus, our findings define a novel genetic and molecular mechanism by which TCS1 interacts with KCBP to regulate trichome cell shape by influencing the stability of microtubules. The particular shape of plant cells is not only crucial for their biological functions but also affects the overall shape of organs. How cell shape is controlled is a fundamental question in developmental biology, and the study of plant cell shape regulation is an interesting part of plant biology. Arabidopsis trichomes have been used as a good model system to investigate cell shape at the single-cell level. In this study, we use Arabidopsis trichomes as a model to identify the trichome cell shape 1 (tcs1) mutants with the reduced trichome branch number. TCS1 encodes a microtubule binding protein, which is required for the stability of microtubules. We further find that TCS1 physically interacts with a microtubule motor involved in the regulation of trichome branch number. TCS1 acts genetically with this microtubule motor to control trichome branch number. Thus, our findings provide important insights into how the microtubule cytoskeleton determines cell shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Yuancheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, China
| | - Juan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, China
| | - Zhaosheng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Tonglin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, China
| | - Yunhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- * E-mail:
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Li Q, Shi X, Ye S, Wang S, Chan R, Harkness T, Wang H. A short motif in Arabidopsis CDK inhibitor ICK1 decreases the protein level, probably through a ubiquitin-independent mechanism. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 87:617-628. [PMID: 27233081 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The ICK/KRP family of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors modulates the activity of plant CDKs through protein binding. Previous work has shown that changing the levels of ICK/KRP proteins by overexpression or downregulation affects cell proliferation and plant growth, and also that the ubiquitin proteasome system is involved in degradation of ICK/KRPs. We show in this study that the region encompassing amino acids 21 to 40 is critical for ICK1 levels in both Arabidopsis and yeast. To determine how degradation of ICK1 is controlled, we analyzed the accumulation of hemagglutinin (HA) epitope-tagged ICK1 proteins in yeast mutants defective for two ubiquitin E3 ligases. The highest level of HA-ICK1 protein was observed when both the N-terminal 1-40 sequence was removed and the SCF (SKP1-Cullin1-F-box complex) function disrupted, suggesting the involvement of both SCF-dependent and SCF-independent mechanisms in the degradation of ICK1 in yeast. A short motif consisting of residues 21-30 is sufficient to render green fluorescent protein (GFP) unstable in plants and had a similar effect in plants regardless of whether it was fused to the N-terminus or C-terminus of GFP. Furthermore, results from a yeast ubiquitin receptor mutant rpn10Δ indicate that protein ubiquitination is not critical in the degradation of GFP-ICK1(1-40) in yeast. These results thus identify a protein-destabilizing sequence motif that does not contain a typical ubiquitination residue, suggesting that it probably functions through an SCF-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Xianzong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Shengjian Ye
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Ron Chan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Troy Harkness
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
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Ahn CS, Cho HK, Lee DH, Sim HJ, Kim SG, Pai HS. Functional characterization of the ribosome biogenesis factors PES, BOP1, and WDR12 (PeBoW), and mechanisms of defective cell growth and proliferation caused by PeBoW deficiency in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:5217-32. [PMID: 27440937 PMCID: PMC5014167 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The nucleolar protein pescadillo (PES) controls biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit through functional interactions with Block of Proliferation 1 (BOP1) and WD Repeat Domain 12 (WDR12) in plants. In this study, we determined protein characteristics and in planta functions of BOP1 and WDR12, and characterized defects in plant cell growth and proliferation caused by a deficiency of PeBoW (PES-BOP1-WDR12) proteins. Dexamethasone-inducible RNAi of BOP1 and WDR12 caused developmental arrest and premature senescence in Arabidopsis, similar to the phenotype of PES RNAi. Both the N-terminal domain and WD40 repeats of BOP1 and WDR12 were critical for specific associations with 60S/80S ribosomes. In response to nucleolar stress or DNA damage, PeBoW proteins moved from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm. Kinematic analyses of leaf growth revealed that depletion of PeBoW proteins led to dramatically suppressed cell proliferation, cell expansion, and epidermal pavement cell differentiation. A deficiency in PeBoW proteins resulted in reduced cyclin-dependent kinase Type A activity, causing reduced phosphorylation of histone H1 and retinoblastoma-related (RBR) protein. PeBoW silencing caused rapid transcriptional modulation of cell-cycle genes, including reduction of E2Fa and Cyclin D family genes, and induction of several KRP genes, accompanied by down-regulation of auxin-related genes and up-regulation of jasmonic acid-related genes. Taken together, these results suggest that the PeBoW proteins involved in ribosome biogenesis play a critical role in plant cell growth and survival, and their depletion leads to inhibition of cell-cycle progression, possibly modulated by phytohormone signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Sook Ahn
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Hui Kyung Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Du-Hwa Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Sim
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Sang-Gyu Kim
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Pai
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Xu P, Chen H, Ying L, Cai W. AtDOF5.4/OBP4, a DOF Transcription Factor Gene that Negatively Regulates Cell Cycle Progression and Cell Expansion in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27705. [PMID: 27297966 PMCID: PMC4906354 DOI: 10.1038/srep27705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to animals, plant development involves continuous organ formation, which requires strict regulation of cell proliferation. The core cell cycle machinery is conserved across plants and animals, but plants have developed new mechanisms that precisely regulate cell proliferation in response to internal and external stimuli. Here, we report that the DOF transcription factor OBP4 negatively regulates cell proliferation and expansion. OBP4 is a nuclear protein. Constitutive and inducible overexpression of OBP4 reduced the cell size and number, resulting in dwarf plants. Inducible overexpression of OBP4 in Arabidopsis also promoted early endocycle onset and inhibited cell expansion, while inducible overexpression of OBP4 fused to the VP16 activation domain in Arabidopsis delayed endocycle onset and promoted plant growth. Furthermore, gene expression analysis showed that cell cycle regulators and cell wall expansion factors were largely down-regulated in the OBP4 overexpression lines. Short-term inducible analysis coupled with in vivo ChIP assays indicated that OBP4 targets the CyclinB1;1, CDKB1;1 and XTH genes. These results strongly suggest that OBP4 is a negative regulator of cell cycle progression and cell growth. These findings increase our understanding of the transcriptional regulation of the cell cycle in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Xu
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haiying Chen
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lu Ying
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weiming Cai
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
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Xiong J, Cui X, Yuan X, Yu X, Sun J, Gong Q. The Hippo/STE20 homolog SIK1 interacts with MOB1 to regulate cell proliferation and cell expansion in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:1461-75. [PMID: 26685188 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms co-ordinate cell proliferation and cell expansion to maintain organ growth. In animals, the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway is a master regulator of organ size. Central to this pathway is a kinase cascade composed of Hippo and Warts, and their activating partners Salvador and Mob1/Mats. In plants, the Mob1/Mats homolog MOB1A has been characterized as a regulator of cell proliferation and sporogenesis. Nonetheless, no Hippo homologs have been identified. Here we show that the Arabidopsis serine/threonine kinase 1 (SIK1) is a Hippo homolog, and that it interacts with MOB1A to control organ size. SIK1 complements the function of yeast Ste20 in bud site selection and mitotic exit. The sik1 null mutant is dwarf with reduced cell numbers, endoreduplication, and cell expansion. A yeast two-hybrid screen identified Mob1/Mats homologs MOB1A and MOB1B as SIK1-interacting partners. The interaction between SIK1 and MOB1 was found to be mediated by an N-terminal domain of SIK1 and was further confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Interestingly, sik1 mob1a is arrested at the seedling stage, and overexpression of neither SIK1 in mob1a nor MOB1A in sik1 can rescue the dwarf phenotypes, suggesting that SIK1 and MOB1 may be components of a larger protein complex. Our results pave the way for constructing a complete Hippo pathway that controls organ growth in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xuefei Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiangrong Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiulian Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jialei Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qingqiu Gong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Chandran D, Wildermuth M. Modulation of Host Endocycle During Plant–Biotroph Interactions. DEVELOPMENTAL SIGNALING IN PLANTS 2016; 40:65-103. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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50
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Bush MS, Crowe N, Zheng T, Doonan JH. The RNA helicase, eIF4A-1, is required for ovule development and cell size homeostasis in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 84:989-1004. [PMID: 26493293 PMCID: PMC4737287 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
eIF4A is a highly conserved RNA-stimulated ATPase and helicase involved in the initiation of mRNA translation. The Arabidopsis genome encodes two isoforms, one of which (eIF4A-1) is required for the coordination between cell cycle progression and cell size. A T-DNA mutant eif4a1 line, with reduced eIF4A protein levels, displays slow growth, reduced lateral root formation, delayed flowering and abnormal ovule development. Loss of eIF4A-1 reduces the proportion of mitotic cells in the root meristem and perturbs the relationship between cell size and cell cycle progression. Several cell cycle reporter proteins, particularly those expressed at G2/M, have reduced expression in eif4a1 mutant meristems. Single eif4a1 mutants are semisterile and show aberrant ovule growth, whereas double eif4a1 eif4a2 homozygous mutants could not be recovered, indicating that eIF4A function is essential for plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell S Bush
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Natalie Crowe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Tao Zheng
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - John H Doonan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan Campus, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK
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