1
|
Chen X, Hu J, Zhong H, Wu Q, Fang Z, Cai Y, Huang P, Abubakar YS, Zhou J, Naqvi NI, Wang Z, Zheng W. Vacuolar recruitment of retromer by a SNARE complex enables infection-related trafficking in rice blast. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39180241 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
The retromer complex is a conserved sorting machinery that maintains cellular protein homeostasis by transporting vesicles containing cargo proteins to defined destinations. It is known to sort proteins at the vacuole membranes for retrograde trafficking, preventing their degradation in the vacuole. However, the detailed mechanism of retromer recruitment to the vacuole membrane has not yet been elucidated. Here, we show that the vacuolar SNARE complex MoPep12-MoVti1-MoVam7-MoYkt6 regulates retromer-mediated vesicle trafficking by recruiting the retromer to the vacuole membrane, which promotes host invasion in Magnaporthe oryzae. Such recruitment is also essential for the retrieval of the autophagy regulator MoAtg8 and enables appressorium-mediated host penetration. Furthermore, the vacuolar SNARE subunits are involved in suppressing the host defense response by regulating the deployment of retromer-MoSnc1-mediated effector secretion. Altogether, our results provide insights into the mechanism of vacuolar SNAREs-dependent retromer recruitment which is necessary for pathogenicity-related membrane trafficking events in the rice blast fungus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Jiexiong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Haoming Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Qiuqiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Zhenyu Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Yan Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Panpan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Yakubu Saddeeq Abubakar
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 810281, Nigeria
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Naweed I Naqvi
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu D, Ye Y, Tang R, Gong Y, Chen S, Zhang C, Mei P, Chen J, Chen L, Ma C. High-density genetic map construction and QTL mapping of a zigzag-shaped stem trait in tea plant (Camellia sinensis). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:382. [PMID: 38724900 PMCID: PMC11080114 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The highly unique zigzag-shaped stem phenotype in tea plants boasts significant ornamental value and is exceptionally rare. To investigate the genetic mechanism behind this trait, we developed BC1 artificial hybrid populations. Our genetic analysis revealed the zigzag-shaped trait as a qualitative trait. Utilizing whole-genome resequencing, we constructed a high-density genetic map from the BC1 population, incorporating 5,250 SNP markers across 15 linkage groups, covering 3,328.51 cM with an average marker interval distance of 0.68 cM. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) for the zigzag-shaped trait was identified on chromosome 4, within a 61.2 to 97.2 Mb range, accounting for a phenotypic variation explained (PVE) value of 13.62%. Within this QTL, six candidate genes were pinpointed. To better understand their roles, we analyzed gene expression in various tissues and individuals with erect and zigzag-shaped stems. The results implicated CsXTH (CSS0035625) and CsCIPK14 (CSS0044366) as potential key contributors to the zigzag-shaped stem formation. These discoveries lay a robust foundation for future functional genetic mapping and tea plant genetic enhancement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dingding Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Rongjin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Yang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Si Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Piao Mei
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Jiedan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
| | - Chunlei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Min WK, Kwon DH, Song JT, Seo HS. Arabidopsis retromer subunit AtVPS29 is involved in SLY1-mediated gibberellin signaling. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:53. [PMID: 38315261 PMCID: PMC10844355 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Retromer protein AtVPS29 upregulates the SLY1 protein and downregulates the RGA protein, positively stimulating the development of the root meristematic zone, which indicates an important role of AtVPS29 in gibberellin signaling. In plants, the large retromer complex is known to play roles in multiple development processes, including cell polarity, programmed cell death, and root hair growth in Arabidopsis. However, many of its roles in plant development remain unknown. Here, we show that Arabidopsis trimeric retromer protein AtVPS29 (vacuolar protein sorting 29) modulates gibberellin signaling. The SLEEPY1 (SLY1) protein, known as a positive regulator of gibberellic acid (GA) signaling, exhibited lower abundance in vps29-3 mutants compared to wild-type (WT) plants. Conversely, the DELLA repressor protein, targeted by the E3 ubiquitin ligase SCF (Skp, Cullin, F-box) complex and acting as a negative regulator of GA signaling, showed increased abundance in vps29-3 mutants compared to WT. The vps29-3 mutants exhibited decreased sensitivity to exogenous GA supply in contrast to WT, despite an upregulation in the expression of GA receptor genes within the vps29-3 mutants. In addition, the expression of the GA synthesis genes was downregulated in vps29-3 mutants, implying that the loss of AtVPS29 causes the downregulation of GA synthesis and signaling. Furthermore, vps29-3 mutants exhibited a reduced meristematic zone accompanied by a decreased cell number. Together, these data indicate that AtVPS29 positively regulates SLY1-mediated GA signaling and plant growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Ki Min
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanakro 200, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Dae Hwan Kwon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanakro 200, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jong Tae Song
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Hak Soo Seo
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanakro 200, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jha SG, Larson ER. Diversity of retromer-mediated vesicular trafficking pathways in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1184047. [PMID: 37409293 PMCID: PMC10319002 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1184047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The plant endomembrane system is organized and regulated by large gene families that encode proteins responsible for the spatiotemporal delivery and retrieval of cargo throughout the cell and to and from the plasma membrane. Many of these regulatory molecules form functional complexes like the SNAREs, exocyst, and retromer, which are required for the delivery, recycling, and degradation pathways of cellular components. The functions of these complexes are well conserved in eukaryotes, but the extreme expansion of the protein subunit families in plants suggests that plant cells require more regulatory specialization when compared with other eukaryotes. The retromer is associated with retrograde sorting and trafficking of protein cargo back towards the TGN and vacuole in plants, while in animals, there is new evidence that the VPS26C ortholog is associated with recycling or 'retrieving' proteins back to the PM from the endosomes. The human VPS26C was shown to rescue vps26c mutant phenotypes in Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting that the retriever function could be conserved in plants. This switch from retromer to retriever function may be associated with core complexes that include the VPS26C subunit in plants, similar to what has been suggested in other eukaryotic systems. We review what is known about retromer function in light of recent findings on functional diversity and specialization of the retromer complex in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suryatapa Ghosh Jha
- William Myron Keck Science Department - Biology, Claremont McKenna, Pitzer, and Scripps Colleges, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Emily R. Larson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zouhar J, Cao W, Shen J, Rojo E. Retrograde transport in plants: Circular economy in the endomembrane system. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151309. [PMID: 36933283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of endomembrane trafficking is crucial for understanding how cells and whole organisms function. Moreover, there is a special interest in investigating endomembrane trafficking in plants, given its role in transport and accumulation of seed storage proteins and in secretion of cell wall material, arguably the two most essential commodities obtained from crops. The mechanisms of anterograde transport in the biosynthetic and endocytic pathways of plants have been thoroughly discussed in recent reviews, but, comparatively, retrograde trafficking pathways have received less attention. Retrograde trafficking is essential to recover membranes, retrieve proteins that have escaped from their intended localization, maintain homeostasis in maturing compartments, and recycle trafficking machinery for its reuse in anterograde transport reactions. Here, we review the current understanding on retrograde trafficking pathways in the endomembrane system of plants, discussing their integration with anterograde transport routes, describing conserved and plant-specific retrieval mechanisms at play, highlighting contentious issues and identifying open questions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Zouhar
- Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Wenhan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300 Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Enrique Rojo
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lewis CD, Preston JC, Tierney ML. CCDC22 and CCDC93, two potential retriever-interacting proteins, are required for root and root hair growth in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1051503. [PMID: 36618652 PMCID: PMC9815543 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1051503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Endomembrane trafficking is essential for plant growth and often depends on a balance between secretory and endocytic pathways. VPS26C is a component of the retriever complex which has been shown to function in the recycling of integral plasma membrane proteins in human cell culture and is part of a core retriever complex in Arabidopsis that is required for root hair growth. In this work, we report a characterization of the Arabidopsis homologues of CCDC22 and CCDC93, two additional proteins required for retriever function in humans. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that CCDC22 (AT1G55830) and CCDC93 (AT4G32560) are single copy genes in plants that are present across the angiosperms, but like VPS26C, are absent from the grasses. Both CCDC22 and CCDC93 are required for root and root hair growth in Arabidopsis and localize primarily to the cytoplasm in root epidermal cells. Previous work has demonstrated a genetic interaction between VPS26C function and a VTI13-dependent trafficking pathway to the vacuole. To further test this model, we characterized the vti13 ccdc93 double mutant and show that like vps26c, ccdc93 is a suppressor of the vti13 root hair phenotype. Together this work identifies two new proteins essential for root and root hair growth in plants and demonstrate that the endosomal pathway(s) in which CCDC93 functions is genetically linked to a VTI13-dependent trafficking pathway to the vacuole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mary L. Tierney
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang X, Li H, Lu H, Hwang I. The trafficking machinery of lytic and protein storage vacuoles: how much is shared and how much is distinct? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3504-3512. [PMID: 33587748 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells contain two types of vacuoles, the lytic vacuole (LV) and protein storage vacuole (PSV). LVs are present in vegetative cells, whereas PSVs are found in seed cells. The physiological functions of the two types of vacuole differ. Newly synthesized proteins must be transported to these vacuoles via protein trafficking through the endomembrane system for them to function. Recently, significant advances have been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of protein trafficking to these organelles. Despite these advances, the relationship between the trafficking mechanisms to the LV and PSV remains unclear. Some aspects of the trafficking mechanisms are common to both types of vacuole, but certain aspects are specific to trafficking to either the LV or PSV. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the components involved in protein trafficking to both the LV and PSV and compare them to examine the extent of overlap in the trafficking mechanisms. In addition, we discuss the interconnection between the LV and PSV provided by the protein trafficking machinery and the implications for the identity of these organelles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hai Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 37673 Pohang, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cao H, Wang F, Lin H, Ye Y, Zheng Y, Li J, Hao Z, Ye N, Yue C. Transcriptome and metabolite analyses provide insights into zigzag-shaped stem formation in tea plants (Camellia sinensis). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:98. [PMID: 32131737 PMCID: PMC7057490 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shoot orientation is important for plant architecture formation, and zigzag-shaped shoots are a special trait found in many plants. Zigzag-shaped shoots have been selected and thoroughly studied in Arabidopsis; however, the regulatory mechanism underlying zigzag-shaped shoot development in other plants, especially woody plants, is largely unknown. RESULTS In this study, tea plants with zigzag-shaped shoots, namely, Qiqu (QQ) and Lianyuanqiqu (LYQQ), were investigated and compared with the erect-shoot tea plant Meizhan (MZ) in an attempt to reveal the regulation of zigzag-shaped shoot formation. Tissue section observation showed that the cell arrangement and shape of zigzag-shaped stems were aberrant compared with those of normal shoots. Moreover, a total of 2175 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from the zigzag-shaped shoots of the tea plants QQ and LYQQ compared to the shoots of MZ using transcriptome sequencing, and the DEGs involved in the "Plant-pathogen interaction", "Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis", "Flavonoid biosynthesis" and "Linoleic acid metabolism" pathways were significantly enriched. Additionally, the DEGs associated with cell expansion, vesicular trafficking, phytohormones, and transcription factors were identified and analysed. Metabolomic analysis showed that 13 metabolites overlapped and were significantly changed in the shoots of QQ and LYQQ compared to MZ. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that zigzag-shaped shoot formation might be associated with the gravitropism response and polar auxin transport in tea plants. This study provides a valuable foundation for further understanding the regulation of plant architecture formation and for the cultivation and application of horticultural plants in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Cao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Feiquan Wang
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, 354300, China
| | - Hongzheng Lin
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yijun Ye
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yucheng Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jiamin Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhilong Hao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Naixing Ye
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chuan Yue
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rodriguez-Furlan C, Domozych D, Qian W, Enquist PA, Li X, Zhang C, Schenk R, Winbigler HS, Jackson W, Raikhel NV, Hicks GR. Interaction between VPS35 and RABG3f is necessary as a checkpoint to control fusion of late compartments with the vacuole. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:21291-21301. [PMID: 31570580 PMCID: PMC6800349 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1905321116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vacuoles are essential organelles in plants, playing crucial roles, such as cellular material degradation, ion and metabolite storage, and turgor maintenance. Vacuoles receive material via the endocytic, secretory, and autophagic pathways. Membrane fusion is the last step during which prevacuolar compartments (PVCs) and autophagosomes fuse with the vacuole membrane (tonoplast) to deliver cargoes. Protein components of the canonical intracellular fusion machinery that are conserved across organisms, including Arabidopsis thaliana, include complexes, such as soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs), that catalyze membrane fusion, and homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS), that serve as adaptors which tether cargo vesicles to target membranes for fusion under the regulation of RAB-GTPases. The mechanisms regulating the recruitment and assembly of tethering complexes are not well-understood, especially the role of RABs in this dynamic regulation. Here, we report the identification of the small synthetic molecule Endosidin17 (ES17), which interferes with synthetic, endocytic, and autophagic traffic by impairing the fusion of late endosome compartments with the tonoplast. Multiple independent target identification techniques revealed that ES17 targets the VPS35 subunit of the retromer tethering complex, preventing its normal interaction with the Arabidopsis RAB7 homolog RABG3f. ES17 interference with VPS35-RABG3f interaction prevents the retromer complex to endosome anchoring, resulting in retention of RABG3f. Using multiple approaches, we show that VPS35-RABG3f-GTP interaction is necessary to trigger downstream events like HOPS complex assembly and fusion of late compartments with the tonoplast. Overall, our results support a role for the interaction of RABG3f-VPS35 as a checkpoint in the control of traffic toward the vacuole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Rodriguez-Furlan
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92506
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92506
| | - David Domozych
- Biology Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866
| | - Weixing Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Umea University, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Enquist
- Department of Chemistry, Umea University, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906
| | - Rolf Schenk
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92506
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92506
| | - Holly Saulsbery Winbigler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 20201
| | - William Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 20201
| | - Natasha V Raikhel
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92506
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92506
| | - Glenn R Hicks
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92506;
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92506
- Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nakamura M, Nishimura T, Morita MT. Gravity sensing and signal conversion in plant gravitropism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3495-3506. [PMID: 30976802 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant organs control their growth orientation in response to gravity. Within gravity-sensing cells, the input (gravity sensing) and signal conversion (gravity signalling) progress sequentially. The cells contain a number of high-density, starch-accumulating amyloplasts, which sense gravity when they reposition themselves by sedimentation to the bottom of the cell when the plant organ is re-orientated. This triggers the next step of gravity signalling, when the physical signal generated by the sedimentation of the amyloplasts is converted into a biochemical signal, which redirects auxin transport towards the lower flank of the plant organ. This review focuses on recent advances in our knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms that underlie amyloplast sedimentation and the system by which this is perceived, and on recent progress in characterising the factors that play significant roles in gravity signalling by which the sedimentation is linked to the regulation of directional auxin transport. Finally, we discuss the contribution of gravity signalling factors to the mechanisms that control the gravitropic set-point angle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritaka Nakamura
- Division of Plant Environmental Responses, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishimura
- Division of Plant Environmental Responses, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Miyo Terao Morita
- Division of Plant Environmental Responses, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jha SG, Larson ER, Humble J, Domozych DS, Barrington DS, Tierney ML. Vacuolar Protein Sorting 26C encodes an evolutionarily conserved large retromer subunit in eukaryotes that is important for root hair growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:595-611. [PMID: 29495075 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The large retromer complex participates in diverse endosomal trafficking pathways and is essential for plant developmental programs, including cell polarity, programmed cell death and shoot gravitropism in Arabidopsis. Here we demonstrate that an evolutionarily conserved VPS26 protein (VPS26C; At1G48550) functions in a complex with VPS35A and VPS29 necessary for root hair growth in Arabidopsis. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation showed that VPS26C forms a complex with VPS35A in the presence of VPS29, and this is supported by genetic studies showing that vps29 and vps35a mutants exhibit altered root hair growth. Genetic analysis also demonstrated an interaction between a VPS26C trafficking pathway and one involving the SNARE VTI13. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that VPS26C, with the notable exception of grasses, has been maintained in the genomes of most major plant clades since its evolution at the base of eukaryotes. To test the model that VPS26C orthologs in animal and plant species share a conserved function, we generated transgenic lines expressing GFP fused with the VPS26C human ortholog (HsDSCR3) in a vps26c background. These studies illustrate that GFP-HsDSCR3 is able to complement the vps26c root hair phenotype in Arabidopsis, indicating a deep conservation of cellular function for this large retromer subunit across plant and animal kingdoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suryatapa Ghosh Jha
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, 05405, USA
| | - Emily R Larson
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, 05405, USA
| | - Jordan Humble
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, 05405, USA
| | | | - David S Barrington
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, 05405, USA
| | - Mary L Tierney
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, 05405, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim K, Jeong J, Kim J, Lee N, Kim ME, Lee S, Chang Kim S, Choi G. PIF1 Regulates Plastid Development by Repressing Photosynthetic Genes in the Endodermis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:1415-1427. [PMID: 27591813 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in Phytochrome Interacting Factors (PIFs) induce a conversion of the endodermal amyloplasts necessary for gravity sensing to plastids with developed thylakoids accompanied by abnormal activation of photosynthetic genes in the dark. In this study, we investigated how PIFs regulate endodermal plastid development by performing comparative transcriptome analysis. We show that both endodermal expression of PIF1 and global expression of the PIF quartet induce transcriptional changes in genes enriched for nuclear-encoded photosynthetic genes such as LHCA and LHCB. Among the 94 shared differentially expressed genes identified from the comparative transcriptome analysis, only 14 genes are demonstrated to be direct targets of PIF1, and most photosynthetic genes are not. Using a co-expression analysis, we identified a direct target of PIF, whose expression pattern shows a strong negative correlation with many photosynthetic genes. We have named this gene REPRESSOR OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC GENES1 (RPGE1). Endodermal expression of RPGE1 rescued the elevated expression of photosynthetic genes found in the pif quadruple (pifQ) mutant and partly restored amyloplast development and hypocotyl negative gravitropism. Taken together, our results indicate that RPGE1 acts downstream of PIF1 in the endodermis to repress photosynthetic genes and regulate plastid development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keunhwa Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkil Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongheon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Eon Kim
- Center for Gas Analysis, Division of Metrology for Quality of Life, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 305-340, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangil Lee
- Center for Gas Analysis, Division of Metrology for Quality of Life, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 305-340, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Chang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Giltsu Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Klinger CM, Ramirez-Macias I, Herman EK, Turkewitz AP, Field MC, Dacks JB. Resolving the homology-function relationship through comparative genomics of membrane-trafficking machinery and parasite cell biology. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2016; 209:88-103. [PMID: 27444378 PMCID: PMC5140719 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
With advances in DNA sequencing technology, it is increasingly common and tractable to informatically look for genes of interest in the genomic databases of parasitic organisms and infer cellular states. Assignment of a putative gene function based on homology to functionally characterized genes in other organisms, though powerful, relies on the implicit assumption of functional homology, i.e. that orthology indicates conserved function. Eukaryotes reveal a dazzling array of cellular features and structural organization, suggesting a concomitant diversity in their underlying molecular machinery. Significantly, examples of novel functions for pre-existing or new paralogues are not uncommon. Do these examples undermine the basic assumption of functional homology, especially in parasitic protists, which are often highly derived? Here we examine the extent to which functional homology exists between organisms spanning the eukaryotic lineage. By comparing membrane trafficking proteins between parasitic protists and traditional model organisms, where direct functional evidence is available, we find that function is indeed largely conserved between orthologues, albeit with significant adaptation arising from the unique biological features within each lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christen M Klinger
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Emily K Herman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aaron P Turkewitz
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark C Field
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Joel B Dacks
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chanoca A, Kovinich N, Burkel B, Stecha S, Bohorquez-Restrepo A, Ueda T, Eliceiri KW, Grotewold E, Otegui MS. Anthocyanin Vacuolar Inclusions Form by a Microautophagy Mechanism. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:2545-59. [PMID: 26342015 PMCID: PMC4815043 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are flavonoid pigments synthesized in the cytoplasm and stored inside vacuoles. Many plant species accumulate densely packed, 3- to 10-μm diameter anthocyanin deposits called anthocyanin vacuolar inclusions (AVIs). Despite their conspicuousness and importance in organ coloration, the origin and nature of AVIs have remained controversial for decades. We analyzed AVI formation in cotyledons of different Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes grown under anthocyanin inductive conditions and in purple petals of lisianthus (Eustoma grandiorum). We found that cytoplasmic anthocyanin aggregates in close contact with the vacuolar surface are directly engulfed by the vacuolar membrane in a process reminiscent of microautophagy. The engulfed anthocyanin aggregates are surrounded by a single membrane derived from the tonoplast and eventually become free in the vacuolar lumen like an autophagic body. Neither endosomal/prevacuolar trafficking nor the autophagy ATG5 protein is involved in the formation of AVIs. In Arabidopsis, formation of AVIs is promoted by both an increase in cyanidin 3-O-glucoside derivatives and by depletion of the glutathione S-transferase TT19. We hypothesize that this novel microautophagy mechanism also mediates the transport of other flavonoid aggregates into the vacuole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Chanoca
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Nik Kovinich
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, Department of Molecular Genetics and Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Brian Burkel
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Samantha Stecha
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Andres Bohorquez-Restrepo
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, Department of Molecular Genetics and Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Erich Grotewold
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, Department of Molecular Genetics and Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Munch D, Teh OK, Malinovsky FG, Liu Q, Vetukuri RR, El Kasmi F, Brodersen P, Hara-Nishimura I, Dangl JL, Petersen M, Mundy J, Hofius D. Retromer contributes to immunity-associated cell death in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:463-79. [PMID: 25681156 PMCID: PMC4456924 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.132043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Membrane trafficking is required during plant immune responses, but its contribution to the hypersensitive response (HR), a form of programmed cell death (PCD) associated with effector-triggered immunity, is not well understood. HR is induced by nucleotide binding-leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) immune receptors and can involve vacuole-mediated processes, including autophagy. We previously isolated lazarus (laz) suppressors of autoimmunity-triggered PCD in the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant accelerated cell death11 (acd11) and demonstrated that the cell death phenotype is due to ectopic activation of the LAZ5 NB-LRR. We report here that laz4 is mutated in one of three VACUOLAR PROTEIN SORTING35 (VPS35) genes. We verify that LAZ4/VPS35B is part of the retromer complex, which functions in endosomal protein sorting and vacuolar trafficking. We show that VPS35B acts in an endosomal trafficking pathway and plays a role in LAZ5-dependent acd11 cell death. Furthermore, we find that VPS35 homologs contribute to certain forms of NB-LRR protein-mediated autoimmunity as well as pathogen-triggered HR. Finally, we demonstrate that retromer deficiency causes defects in late endocytic/lytic compartments and impairs autophagy-associated vacuolar processes. Our findings indicate important roles of retromer-mediated trafficking during the HR; these may include endosomal sorting of immune components and targeting of vacuolar cargo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Munch
- Department of Biology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Ooi-Kock Teh
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center of Plant Biology, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Qinsong Liu
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center of Plant Biology, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ramesh R Vetukuri
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center of Plant Biology, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Farid El Kasmi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, and Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280
| | - Peter Brodersen
- Department of Biology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Ikuko Hara-Nishimura
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jeffery L Dangl
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, and Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280
| | - Morten Petersen
- Department of Biology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - John Mundy
- Department of Biology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Daniel Hofius
- Department of Biology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center of Plant Biology, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Uemura T, Ueda T. Plant vacuolar trafficking driven by RAB and SNARE proteins. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 22:116-121. [PMID: 25460076 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-bounded organelles are connected to each other by membrane trafficking, which is accomplished by membrane fusion between transport vesicles and target organelles mediated by RAB GTPases and SNARE proteins. Of those trafficking pathways networking plant organelles, the vacuolar trafficking pathway has recently been shown to be uniquely diversified from non-plant systems, most likely reflecting unique functions of plant vacuoles such as the storage of proteins and other organic compounds, generation of turgor pressure, and space-filling to enlarge plant bodies. Plant-unique trafficking machineries in addition to evolutionarily conserved molecular components are allocated to this trafficking pathway in distinctive ways. In this review, we summarize recent findings on SNARE proteins and RAB GTPases mediating vacuolar transport in plants, especially focusing on the functions and regulation of two distinct trans-SNARE complexes and RAB5 and RAB7 in multiple vacuolar trafficking pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Uemura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Paul P, Simm S, Mirus O, Scharf KD, Fragkostefanakis S, Schleiff E. The complexity of vesicle transport factors in plants examined by orthology search. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97745. [PMID: 24844592 PMCID: PMC4028247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicle transport is a central process to ensure protein and lipid distribution in eukaryotic cells. The current knowledge on the molecular components and mechanisms of this process is majorly based on studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana, which revealed 240 different proteinaceous factors either experimentally proven or predicted to be involved in vesicle transport. In here, we performed an orthologue search using two different algorithms to identify the components of the secretory pathway in yeast and 14 plant genomes by using the 'core-set' of 240 factors as bait. We identified 4021 orthologues and (co-)orthologues in the discussed plant species accounting for components of COP-II, COP-I, Clathrin Coated Vesicles, Retromers and ESCRTs, Rab GTPases, Tethering factors and SNAREs. In plants, we observed a significantly higher number of (co-)orthologues than yeast, while only 8 tethering factors from yeast seem to be absent in the analyzed plant genomes. To link the identified (co-)orthologues to vesicle transport, the domain architecture of the proteins from yeast, genetic model plant A. thaliana and agriculturally relevant crop Solanum lycopersicum has been inspected. For the orthologous groups containing (co-)orthologues from yeast, A. thaliana and S. lycopersicum, we observed the same domain architecture for 79% (416/527) of the (co-)orthologues, which documents a very high conservation of this process. Further, publically available tissue-specific expression profiles for a subset of (co-)orthologues found in A. thaliana and S. lycopersicum suggest that some (co-)orthologues are involved in tissue-specific functions. Inspection of localization of the (co-)orthologues based on available proteome data or localization predictions lead to the assignment of plastid- as well as mitochondrial localized (co-)orthologues of vesicle transport factors and the relevance of this is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Paul
- Department of Biosciences Molecular Cell Biology of Plants
| | - Stefan Simm
- Department of Biosciences Molecular Cell Biology of Plants
| | - Oliver Mirus
- Department of Biosciences Molecular Cell Biology of Plants
| | | | | | - Enrico Schleiff
- Department of Biosciences Molecular Cell Biology of Plants
- Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt
- Center of Membrane Proteomics; Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hashiguchi Y, Yano D, Nagafusa K, Kato T, Saito C, Uemura T, Ueda T, Nakano A, Tasaka M, Terao Morita M. A unique HEAT repeat-containing protein SHOOT GRAVITROPISM6 is involved in vacuolar membrane dynamics in gravity-sensing cells of Arabidopsis inflorescence stem. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 55:811-22. [PMID: 24486761 PMCID: PMC3982123 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant vacuoles play critical roles in development, growth and stress responses. In mature cells, vacuolar membranes (VMs) display several types of structures, which are formed by invagination and folding of VMs into the lumenal side and can gradually move and change shape. Although such VM structures are observed in a broad range of tissue types and plant species, the molecular mechanism underlying their formation and maintenance remains unclear. Here, we report that a novel HEAT-repeat protein, SHOOT GRAVITROPISM6 (SGR6), of Arabidopsis is involved in the control of morphological changes and dynamics of VM structures in endodermal cells, which are the gravity-sensing cells in shoots. SGR6 is a membrane-associated protein that is mainly localized to the VM in stem endodermal cells. The sgr6 mutant stem exhibits a reduced gravitropic response. Higher plants utilize amyloplast sedimentation as a means to sense gravity direction. Amyloplasts are surrounded by VMs in Arabidopsis endodermal cells, and the flexible and dynamic structure of VMs is important for amyloplast sedimentation. We demonstrated that such dynamic features of VMs are gradually lost in sgr6 endodermal cells during a 30 min observation period. Histological analysis revealed that amyloplast sedimentation was impaired in sgr6. Detailed live-cell imaging analyses revealed that the VM structures in sgr6 had severe defects in morphological changes and dynamics. Our results suggest that SGR6 is a novel protein involved in the formation and/or maintenance of invaginated VM structures in gravity-sensing cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Hashiguchi
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Daisuke Yano
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Kiyoshi Nagafusa
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Takehide Kato
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Chieko Saito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Uemura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
- Live Cell Molecular Imaging Research Team, Extreme Photonics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Masao Tasaka
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Miyo Terao Morita
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
- *Corresponding author: E-mail,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nodzynski T, Feraru MI, Hirsch S, De Rycke R, Niculaes C, Boerjan W, Van Leene J, De Jaeger G, Vanneste S, Friml J. Retromer subunits VPS35A and VPS29 mediate prevacuolar compartment (PVC) function in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2013; 6:1849-62. [PMID: 23770835 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular protein routing is mediated by vesicular transport which is tightly regulated in eukaryotes. The protein and lipid homeostasis depends on coordinated delivery of de novo synthesized or recycled cargoes to the plasma membrane by exocytosis and their subsequent removal by rerouting them for recycling or degradation. Here, we report the characterization of protein affected trafficking 3 (pat3) mutant that we identified by an epifluorescence-based forward genetic screen for mutants defective in subcellular distribution of Arabidopsis auxin transporter PIN1-GFP. While pat3 displays largely normal plant morphology and development in nutrient-rich conditions, it shows strong ectopic intracellular accumulations of different plasma membrane cargoes in structures that resemble prevacuolar compartments (PVC) with an aberrant morphology. Genetic mapping revealed that pat3 is defective in vacuolar protein sorting 35A (VPS35A), a putative subunit of the retromer complex that mediates retrograde trafficking between the PVC and trans-Golgi network. Similarly, a mutant defective in another retromer subunit, vps29, shows comparable subcellular defects in PVC morphology and protein accumulation. Thus, our data provide evidence that the retromer components VPS35A and VPS29 are essential for normal PVC morphology and normal trafficking of plasma membrane proteins in plants. In addition, we show that, out of the three VPS35 retromer subunits present in Arabidopsis thaliana genome, the VPS35 homolog A plays a prevailing role in trafficking to the lytic vacuole, presenting another level of complexity in the retromer-dependent vacuolar sorting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Nodzynski
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University (MU), Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zelazny E, Santambrogio M, Pourcher M, Chambrier P, Berne-Dedieu A, Fobis-Loisy I, Miège C, Jaillais Y, Gaude T. Mechanisms governing the endosomal membrane recruitment of the core retromer in Arabidopsis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:8815-25. [PMID: 23362252 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.440503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The retromer complex localizes to endosomal membranes and is involved in protein trafficking. In mammals, it is composed of a dimer of sorting nexins and of the core retromer consisting of vacuolar protein sorting (VPS)26, VPS29, and VPS35. Although homologs of these proteins have been identified in plants, how the plant retromer functions remains elusive. To better understand the role of VPS components in the assembly and function of the core retromer, we characterize here Arabidopsis vps26-null mutants. We show that impaired VPS26 function has a dramatic effect on VPS35 levels and causes severe phenotypic defects similar to those observed in vps29-null mutants. This implies that functions of plant VPS26, VPS29, and VPS35 are tightly linked. Then, by combining live-cell imaging with immunochemical and genetic approaches, we report that VPS35 alone is able to bind to endosomal membranes and plays an essential role in VPS26 and VPS29 membrane recruitment. We also show that the Arabidopsis Rab7 homolog RABG3f participates in the recruitment of the core retromer to the endosomal membrane by interacting with VPS35. Altogether our data provide original information on the molecular interactions that mediate assembly of the core retromer in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enric Zelazny
- CNRS, F-69342 Lyon, France, the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lee Y, Jang M, Song K, Kang H, Lee MH, Lee DW, Zouhar J, Rojo E, Sohn EJ, Hwang I. Functional identification of sorting receptors involved in trafficking of soluble lytic vacuolar proteins in vegetative cells of Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:121-33. [PMID: 23175753 PMCID: PMC3532246 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.210914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, protein trafficking plays an essential role in biogenesis of proteins that belong to the endomembrane compartments. In this process, an important step is the sorting of organellar proteins depending on their final destinations. For vacuolar proteins, vacuolar sorting receptors (VSRs) and receptor homology-transmembrane-RING H2 domain proteins (RMRs) are thought to be responsible. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) contains seven VSRs. Among them, VSR1, VSR3, and VSR4 are involved in sorting storage proteins targeted to the protein storage vacuole (PSV) in seeds. However, the identity of VSRs for soluble proteins of the lytic vacuole in vegetative cells remains controversial. Here, we provide evidence that VSR1, VSR3, and VSR4 are involved in sorting soluble lytic vacuolar and PSV proteins in vegetative cells. In protoplasts from leaf tissues of vsr1vsr3 and vsr1vsr4 but not vsr5vsr6, and rmr1rmr2 and rmr3rmr4 double mutants, soluble lytic vacuolar (Arabidopsis aleurain-like protein:green fluorescent protein [GFP] and carboxypeptidase Y:GFP and PSV (phaseolin) proteins, but not the vacuolar membrane protein Arabidopsis βFructosidase4:GFP, exhibited defects in their trafficking; they accumulated to the endoplasmic reticulum with an increased secretion into medium. The trafficking defects in vsr1vsr4 protoplasts were rescued by VSR1 or VSR4 but not VSR5 or AtRMR1. Furthermore, of the luminal domain swapping mutants between VSR1 and VSR5, the mutant with the luminal domain of VSR1, but not that of VSR5, rescued the trafficking defects of Arabidopsis aleurain-like protein:GFP and phaseolin in vsr1vsr4 protoplasts. Based on these results, we propose that VSR1, VSR3, and VSR4, but not other VSRs, are involved in sorting soluble lytic vacuolar and PSV proteins for their trafficking to the vacuoles in vegetative cells.
Collapse
|
22
|
Hashiguchi Y, Tasaka M, Morita MT. Mechanism of higher plant gravity sensing. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2013; 100:91-100. [PMID: 23115136 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1200315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Higher plants have developed statocytes, specialized tissues or cells for gravity sensing, and subsequent signal formation. Root and shoot statocytes commonly harbor a number of amyloplasts, and amyloplast sedimentation in the direction of gravity is a critical process in gravity sensing. However, the molecular mechanism underlying amyloplast-dependent gravity sensing is largely unknown. In this review, we mainly describe the molecular basis for the gravity sensing mechanism, i.e., the molecules and their functions involved in amyloplast sedimentation. Several analyses of statocyte images in living plant organs have implied differences in the regulation of amyloplast movements between root and shoot statocytes. Amyloplasts in shoot statocytes display not only sedimentable but upward, saltatory movements, but the latter are rarely observed in root statocytes. A series of genetic studies on shoot gravitropism mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana has revealed that two intracellular components, the vacuolar membrane (VM) and actin microfilaments (AFs), within the shoot statocyte play important roles in amyloplast dynamics. Flexible VM structures surrounding the amyloplasts seem to allow them to freely sediment toward the bottom of cells. In contrast, long actin cables mediate the saltatory movements of amyloplasts. Thus, amyloplasts in shoot statocytes undergo a dynamic equilibrium of movement, and a proper intracellular environment for statocytes is essential for normal shoot gravitropism. Further analyses to identify the molecular regulators of amyloplast dynamics, including sedimentation, may contribute to an understanding of the gravity sensing mechanism in higher plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Hashiguchi
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Reyes FC, Buono R, Otegui MS. Plant endosomal trafficking pathways. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 14:666-73. [PMID: 21821464 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Endosomes regulate both the recycling and degradation of plasma membrane (PM) proteins, thereby modulating many cellular responses triggered at the cell surface. Endosomes also play a role in the biosynthetic pathway by taking proteins to the vacuole and recycling vacuolar cargo receptors. In plants, the trans-Golgi network (TGN) acts as an early/recycling endosome whereas prevacuolar compartments/multivesicular bodies (MVBs) take PM proteins to the vacuole for degradation. Recent studies have demonstrated that some of the molecular complexes that mediate endosomal trafficking, such as the retromer, the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) machinery, and the Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRTs) have both conserved and specialized functions in plants. Whereas there is disagreement on the subcellular localization of the plant retromer, its function in recycling vacuolar sorting receptors (VSRs) and modulating the trafficking of PM proteins has been well established. Studies on Arabidopsis ESCRT components highlight the essential role of this complex in cytokinesis, plant development, and vacuolar organization. In addition, post-translational modifications of plant PM proteins, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination, have been demonstrated to act as sorting signals for endosomal trafficking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisca C Reyes
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lee HY, Bowen CH, Popescu GV, Kang HG, Kato N, Ma S, Dinesh-Kumar S, Snyder M, Popescu SC. Arabidopsis RTNLB1 and RTNLB2 Reticulon-like proteins regulate intracellular trafficking and activity of the FLS2 immune receptor. THE PLANT CELL 2011; 23:3374-91. [PMID: 21949153 PMCID: PMC3203430 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.089656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Receptors localized at the plasma membrane are critical for the recognition of pathogens. The molecular determinants that regulate receptor transport to the plasma membrane are poorly understood. In a screen for proteins that interact with the FLAGELIN-SENSITIVE2 (FLS2) receptor using Arabidopsis thaliana protein microarrays, we identified the reticulon-like protein RTNLB1. We showed that FLS2 interacts in vivo with both RTNLB1 and its homolog RTNLB2 and that a Ser-rich region in the N-terminal tail of RTNLB1 is critical for the interaction with FLS2. Transgenic plants that lack RTNLB1 and RTNLB2 (rtnlb1 rtnlb2) or overexpress RTNLB1 (RTNLB1ox) exhibit reduced activation of FLS2-dependent signaling and increased susceptibility to pathogens. In both rtnlb1 rtnlb2 and RTNLB1ox, FLS2 accumulation at the plasma membrane was significantly affected compared with the wild type. Transient overexpression of RTNLB1 led to FLS2 retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and affected FLS2 glycosylation but not FLS2 stability. Removal of the critical N-terminal Ser-rich region or either of the two Tyr-dependent sorting motifs from RTNLB1 causes partial reversion of the negative effects of excess RTNLB1 on FLS2 transport out of the ER and accumulation at the membrane. The results are consistent with a model whereby RTNLB1 and RTNLB2 regulate the transport of newly synthesized FLS2 to the plasma membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Yool Lee
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | | | - George Viorel Popescu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma, and Radiation Physics, Magurele 077125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Hong-Gu Kang
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Naohiro Kato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Shisong Ma
- College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | | | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Sorina Claudia Popescu
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853
- Address correspondence to
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nimchuk ZL, Tarr PT, Ohno C, Qu X, Meyerowitz EM. Plant stem cell signaling involves ligand-dependent trafficking of the CLAVATA1 receptor kinase. Curr Biol 2011; 21:345-52. [PMID: 21333538 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2011.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell numbers in above-ground meristems of plants are thought to be maintained by a feedback loop driven by perception of the glycopeptide ligand CLAVATA3 (CLV3) by the CLAVATA1 (CLV1) receptor kinase and the CLV2/CORYNE (CRN) receptor-like complex. CLV3 produced in the stem cells at the meristem apex limits the expression level of the stem cell-promoting homeodomain protein WUSCHEL (WUS) in the cells beneath, where CLV1 and WUS RNA are localized. WUS downregulation nonautonomously reduces stem cell proliferation. Overexpression of CLV3 eliminates the stem cells, causing meristem termination, and loss of CLV3 function allows meristem overproliferation. There are many questions regarding the CLV3/CLV1 interaction, including where in the meristem it occurs, how it is regulated, and how it is that a large range of CLV3 concentrations gives no meristem size phenotype. RESULTS Here we use genetics and live imaging to examine the cell biology of CLV1 in Arabidopsis meristematic tissue. We demonstrate that plasma membrane-localized CLV1 is reduced in concentration by CLV3, which causes trafficking of CLV1 to lytic vacuoles. We find that changes in CLV2 activity have no detectable effects on CLV1 levels. We also find that CLV3 appears to diffuse broadly in meristems, contrary to a recent sequestration model. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a new model for CLV1 function in plant stem cell maintenance and suggests that downregulation of plasma membrane-localized CLV1 by its CLV3 ligand can account for the buffering of CLV3 signaling in the maintenance of stem cell pools in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary L Nimchuk
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pourcher M, Santambrogio M, Thazar N, Thierry AM, Fobis-Loisy I, Miège C, Jaillais Y, Gaude T. Analyses of sorting nexins reveal distinct retromer-subcomplex functions in development and protein sorting in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT CELL 2010; 22:3980-91. [PMID: 21156856 PMCID: PMC3027177 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.078451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sorting nexins (SNXs) are conserved eukaryotic proteins that associate with three types of vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) proteins to form the retromer complex. How SNXs act in this complex and whether they might work independently of the retromer remains elusive. Here, we show by genetic and cell imaging approaches that the Arabidopsis thaliana SNX1 protein recruits SNX2 at the endosomal membrane, a process required for SNX1-SNX2 dimer activity. We report that, in contrast with the mammalian retromer, SNXs are dispensable for membrane binding and function of the retromer complex. We also show that VPS retromer components can work with or independently of SNXs in the trafficking of seed storage proteins, which reveals distinct functions for subcomplexes of the plant retromer. Finally, we provide compelling evidence that the combined loss of function of SNXs and VPS29 leads to embryo or seedling lethality, underlining the essential role of these proteins in development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Pourcher
- Université de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5667, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 128, F-69342 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-69364 Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Martina Santambrogio
- Université de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5667, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 128, F-69342 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-69364 Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nelcy Thazar
- Université de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5667, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 128, F-69342 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-69364 Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne-Marie Thierry
- Université de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5667, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 128, F-69342 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-69364 Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Isabelle Fobis-Loisy
- Université de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5667, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 128, F-69342 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-69364 Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christine Miège
- Université de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5667, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 128, F-69342 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-69364 Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Université de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5667, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 128, F-69342 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-69364 Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Thierry Gaude
- Université de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5667, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 128, F-69342 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-69364 Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Address correspondence to
| |
Collapse
|