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Coffey AH, Slack J, Cornell E, Yang LL, Anderson K, Wang K, Dou L, Zhu C. In situ spin coater for multimodal grazing incidence x-ray scattering studies. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:093906. [PMID: 37756552 DOI: 10.1063/5.0159297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
We present herein a custom-made, in situ, multimodal spin coater system with an integrated heating stage that can be programmed with spinning and heating recipes and that is coupled with synchrotron-based, grazing-incidence wide- and small-angle x-ray scattering. The spin coating system features an adaptable experimental chamber, with the ability to house multiple ancillary probes such as photoluminescence and visible optical cameras, to allow for true multimodal characterization and correlated data analysis. This system enables monitoring of structural evolutions such as perovskite crystallization and polymer self-assembly across a broad length scale (2 Å-150 nm) with millisecond temporal resolution throughout a complete thin film fabrication process. The use of this spin coating system allows scientists to gain a deeper understanding of temporal processes of a material system, to develop ideal conditions for thin film manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan H Coffey
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Jonathan Slack
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Earl Cornell
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Lee L Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Kevan Anderson
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Kang Wang
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Letian Dou
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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2
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Kneschaurek E, Hinderhofer A, Hofferberth B, Scheffczyk N, Pithan L, Zimmermann P, Merten L, Bertram F, Schreiber F. Compact sample environment for in situ X-ray scattering during spin-coating. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:063901. [PMID: 37862478 DOI: 10.1063/5.0149613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a compact sample environment for the in situ study of crystallization kinetics of thin films on synchrotron beamlines, featuring atmospheric control, automated deposition, spin-coating, and annealing stages. The setup is suitable for studying thin film growth in real time using grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction techniques. Humidity and oxygen levels are being detected by sensors. The spinning stage exhibits low vertical oscillation amplitude (∼3μm at speeds up to 10 000 rpm) and can optionally be employed for antisolvent application or gas quenching to investigate the impact of these techniques, which are often used to assist thin film growth. Differential reflectance spectroscopy is implemented in the spin-coater environment for inspecting thin film thickness and optical properties. The infrared radiation-based annealing system consists of a halogen lamp and a holder with an adjustable lamp-to-sample distance, while the sample surface temperature is monitored by a pyrometer. All features of the sample environment can be controlled remotely by the control software at synchrotron beamlines. In order to test and demonstrate the performance, the crystallization pathway of the antisolvent-assisted MAPbI3 (MA = methylammonium) perovskite thin film during the spinning and annealing stages is monitored and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bernd Hofferberth
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Niels Scheffczyk
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Linus Pithan
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul Zimmermann
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lena Merten
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Bertram
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Ogawa H, Takenaka M, Miyazaki T. Molecular Weight Effect on the Transition Processes of a Symmetric PS- b-P2VP during Spin-Coating. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ogawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Riken SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Mikihito Takenaka
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Riken SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Miyazaki
- Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
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Ogawa H, Takenaka M, Miyazaki T, Kabe T, Kanaya T. Order–Order Transition Processes of Thin-Film Symmetric and Asymmetric PS-b-P2VP during Spin Coating. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ogawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-001, Japan
- Riken SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Mikihito Takenaka
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Riken SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Miyazaki
- Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Taizo Kabe
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Toshiji Kanaya
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
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Shimokita K, Saito I, Yamamoto K, Takenaka M, Yamada NL, Miyazaki T. Effect of Preferential Orientation of Lamellae in the Interfacial Region between a Block Copolymer-based Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive and a Solid Substrate on the Peel Strength. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:2856-2864. [PMID: 29377703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the relationship between the peel strength of a block copolymer-based pressure-sensitive adhesive comprising of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PnBA) components from the substrate and the microdomain orientations in the interfacial region between the adhesive and the substrate. For the PMMA substrate, the PMMA component in the adhesive with a strong affinity for the substrate is attached to the surface of the substrate during an aging process of the sample at 140 °C. Next, the PMMA layer adjacent to the substrate surface is overlaid with a PnBA layer, which gets covalently connected, resulting in the horizontal alignment of the lamellae in the interfacial region. The peel strength of the adhesive substantially increases during aging at 140 °C, which takes the same time as the completion of the horizontally oriented lamellar structure. However, in the case of the polystyrene (PS) substrate, both the components in the adhesive repel the substrate, leading to the formation of the vertically oriented lamellar structure. As a result, the peel strength of the adhesive with respect to its PS substrate does not entirely increase on aging. It is suggested that the peel strength of the adhesive is highly correlated with the interfacial energy between the adhesive and substrate, which can be estimated from the microdomain orientation in the interfacial region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Shimokita
- Functional Base Products Sector, Nitto Denko Corporation , 18 Hirayama, Nakahara, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-3194, Japan
| | | | | | - Mikihito Takenaka
- Institute for Chemistry Research, Kyoto University , Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Neutron Science Division, Institute for Materials Structure Science, High Energy Acceleration Research Organization , 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Miyazaki
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society , 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
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Ishige R, Ohta N, Ogawa H, Tokita M, Takahara A. Fully Liquid-Crystalline ABA Triblock Copolymer of Fluorinated Side-Chain Liquid-Crystalline A Block and Main-Chain Liquid-Crystalline B Block: Higher Order Structure in Bulk and Thin Film States. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Noboru Ohta
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research
Institute (JASRI/SPring-8), Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ogawa
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research
Institute (JASRI/SPring-8), Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Tokita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering,
School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama,
Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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Ogawa H, Takenaka M, Miyazaki T, Fujiwara A, Lee B, Shimokita K, Nishibori E, Takata M. Direct Observation on Spin-Coating Process of PS-b-P2VP Thin Films. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ogawa
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron
Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Mikihito Takenaka
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Miyazaki
- Nitto Denko Corporation, 1-1-2, Shimohozumi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-8680, Japan
| | - Akihiko Fujiwara
- Japan Synchrotron
Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Argonne National
Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Keisuke Shimokita
- Nitto Denko Corporation, 1-1-2, Shimohozumi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-8680, Japan
| | - Eiji Nishibori
- Center for Integrated Research in Fundamental
Science and Engineering, Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary
Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Masaki Takata
- Japan Synchrotron
Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
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Zheng N, Yi Z, Li Z, Chen R, Lai Y, Men Y. Achieving grazing-incidence ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering in a laboratory setup. J Appl Crystallogr 2015. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576715001752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A grazing-incidence sample stage was designed for realizing grazing-incidence scattering measurements, especially in the ultra-small-angle regime, in a modified Xenocs Xeuss system in the laboratory. The designed sample stage, which is composed of four separate motorized positioning stages, allows the sample to be moved along four different directions to locate it in the proper position for scattering measurement. In an effort to realize grazing-incidence ultra-small-angle scattering (GIUSAXS) measurements, both the separation of the collimation slit systems and the sample-to-detector distance have been lengthened. At a separation of the collimation slit systems of 2400 mm and a sample-to-detector distance of 6558 mm, the effective smallest scattering vector magnitudeqminreaches 0.01 nm−1. A colloidal crystalline thin film obtained from drying a polystyrene latex dispersion on silicon substrate was measured in the setup in GIUSAXS mode at different beam sizes. The resultant GIUSAXS patterns at smaller beam sizes reveal fine crystalline structures in the film.
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Takahara A, Takeda T, Kanaya T, Kido N, Sakurai K, Masunaga H, Ogawa H, Takata M. Advanced Soft Material Beamline Consortium at SPring-8 (FSBL). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2014.908759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Takenaka M, Yoshida H, Ogawa H. Analyses of Morphologies in Block Copolymer Thin Films by Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2014. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.27.751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikihito Takenaka
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering,Kyoto University
| | | | - Hiroki Ogawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University
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