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Novelli G, Kamenev KV, Maynard-Casely HE, Parsons S, McIntyre GJ. Use of a miniature diamond-anvil cell in a joint X-ray and neutron high-pressure study on copper sulfate pentahydrate. IUCRJ 2022; 9:73-85. [PMID: 35059212 PMCID: PMC8733890 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252521010708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Single-crystal X-ray and neutron diffraction data are usually collected using separate samples. This is a disadvantage when the sample is studied at high pressure because it is very difficult to achieve exactly the same pressure in two separate experiments, especially if the neutron data are collected using Laue methods where precise absolute values of the unit-cell dimensions cannot be measured to check how close the pressures are. In this study, diffraction data have been collected under the same conditions on the same sample of copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, using a conventional laboratory diffractometer and source for the X-ray measurements and the Koala single-crystal Laue diffractometer at the ANSTO facility for the neutron measurements. The sample, of dimensions 0.40 × 0.22 × 0.20 mm3 and held at a pressure of 0.71 GPa, was contained in a miniature Merrill-Bassett diamond-anvil cell. The highly penetrating diffracted neutron beams passing through the metal body of the miniature cell as well as through the diamonds yielded data suitable for structure refinement, and compensated for the low completeness of the X-ray measurements, which was only 24% on account of the triclinic symmetry of the sample and the shading of reciprocal space by the cell. The two data-sets were combined in a single 'XN' structure refinement in which all atoms, including H atoms, were refined with anisotropic displacement parameters. The precision of the structural parameters was improved by a factor of up to 50% in the XN refinement compared with refinements using the X-ray or neutron data separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Novelli
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantin V. Kamenev
- School of Engineering and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, Erskine Williamson Building, King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E. Maynard-Casely
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Simon Parsons
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Garry J. McIntyre
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights NSW 2234, Australia
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Persson I, Lundberg D, Bajnóczi ÉG, Klementiev K, Just J, Sigfridsson Clauss KGV. EXAFS Study on the Coordination Chemistry of the Solvated Copper(II) Ion in a Series of Oxygen Donor Solvents. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:9538-9550. [PMID: 32614569 PMCID: PMC7467664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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The
structures of the solvated copper(II) ion in water and nine organic
oxygen donor solvents with similar electron-pair donor ability, but
with different space-demanding properties at coordination, have been
studied by EXAFS. N,N′-Dimethylpropyleneurea
and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylurea are sufficiently
space demanding at coordination to make the axial positions not accessible,
resulting in square-planar copper(II) solvate complexes with an intense
green color. The mean Cu–O bond distances in these two solvate
complexes are 1.939(3) and 1.935(3) Å, respectively. The best
fits of the remaining solvates, which are light blue in different
hues, are obtained with a Jahn–Teller distorted-octahedral
model consisting of four strongly bound solvent molecules in the equatorial
positions at 1.96(2) Å and two in the axial positions but with
different Cu–Oax bond distances: ca. 2.15 and 2.32
Å. This is in agreement with observations in solid-state structures
of compounds containing hexaaquacopper(II) complexes crystallizing
in noncentrosymmetric space groups and all reported crystal structures
containing a [Cu(H2O)5(O-ligand)] complex with
Jahn–Teller distortion. Such a structure is in agreement with
previous EPR and EXAFS studies proving the hydrated copper(II) ion
to be a noncentrosymmetric complex in aqueous solution. The refinements
of the EXAFS data of the solids [Cu(H2O)6](ClO4)2, [Cu(H2O)6](BrO3)2, [Cu(H2O)6]SiF6, Cu(NO3)2·2.5H2O, and CuSO4·5H2O gave Cu–O bond distances significantly
different from those reported in the crystallographic studies but
similar to the configuration and bond distances in the hydrated copper(II)
ion in aqueous solution. This may depend on whether the orientation
of the axial positions is random in one or three dimensions, giving
a mean structure of the solid with symmetry higher than that of the
individual complexes. This study presents the very first experimental
data from the new X-ray absorption spectroscopy beamline Balder at
the MAX IV synchrotron radiation facility in Lund, Sweden, as well
as the utilized properties of the beamline. The coordination chemistry of the solvated copper(II) ion
has been studied in 10 solvents, including water. The copper(II) ion
has a noncentrosymmetric Jahn−Teller distorted-octahedral geometry
with the axial Cu−O bond distances differing by ca. 0.2 Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Persson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Lundberg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Éva G Bajnóczi
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Justus Just
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Lacroix MR, Bukovsky EV, Lozinšek M, Folsom TC, Newell BS, Liu Y, Peryshkov DV, Strauss SH. Manifestations of Weak O-H···F Hydrogen Bonding in M(H 2O) n(B 12F 12) Salt Hydrates: Unusually Sharp Fourier Transform Infrared ν(OH) Bands and Latent Porosity (M = Mg-Ba, Co, Ni, Zn). Inorg Chem 2018; 57:14983-15000. [PMID: 30444604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Eight M(H2O) n(Z) salt hydrates were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (Z2- = B12F122-): M = Ca, Sr, n = 7; M = Mg, Co, Ni, Zn, n = 6; M = Ba, n = 4, 5. Weak O-H···F hydrogen bonding between the M(H2O) n2+ cations and Z2- resulted in room-temperature Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra having sharp ν(OH) bands, with full widths at half max of 10-30 cm-1, which are much more narrow than ν(OH) bands in room temperature FTIR spectra of most salt hydrates. Clearly resolved νasym(OH/OD) and νsym(OH/OD) bands with Δν(OH) as small as 17 cm-1 and Δν(OD) as small as 11 cm-1 were observed (Δν(OX) = νasym(OX) - νsym(OX)). The isomorphic hexahydrates ( R3̅) have two fac-(H2O)3 sets of H2O ligands and nearly octahedral coordination spheres. They exhibited four resolvable ν(OH) bands, one νasym(OH)/νsym(OH) pair for H2O ligands with longer O(H)···F distances and one νasym(OH)/νsym(OH) pair for H2O ligands with shorter O(H)···F distances. The ν(OH) bands for the three H2O molecules with shorter, slightly stronger O(H)···F hydrogen bonds were broader, more intense, and red-shifted by ca. 25 cm-1 relative to the bands for the three other H2O molecules, the first time that such small differences in relatively weak O(H)···F hydrogen bonds in the same crystalline hexahydrate have resulted in observable IR spectroscopic differences at room temperature. For the first time room temperature ν(OH) values for salt hexahydrates showed the monotonic progression Mg2+ > Co2+ > Ni2+ > Zn2+, essentially the same progression as the p Ka values for these metal ions in aqueous solution. A further manifestation of the weak O-H···F hydrogen bonding in these hydrates is the latent porosity exhibited by Ba(H2O)5,8(Z), Sr(H2O) n,m(Z), and Ca(H2O)4,6(Z). Finally, the H2O/D2O exchange reaction Co(D2O)6(Z) → Co(H2O)6(Z) was ca. 50% complete in 1 h at 50 °C in N2/17 Torr H2O( g).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Lacroix
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Eric V Bukovsky
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Matic Lozinšek
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology , Jožef Stefan Institute , 1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Travis C Folsom
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Brian S Newell
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Colorado at Denver , Denver , Colorado 80000 , United States
| | - Dmitry V Peryshkov
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
| | - Steven H Strauss
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
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Lavrenyuk H, Hamerton I, Mykhalichko B. Tuning the properties for the self-extinguishing epoxy-amine composites containing copper-coordinated curing agent: Flame tests and physical–mechanical measurements. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lavrenyuk H, Mykhalichko O, Zarychta B, Olijnyk V, Mykhalichko B. A new copper(II) chelate complex with tridentate ligand: Synthesis, crystal and molecular electronic structure of aqua-(diethylenetriamine-N, N′, N′′)-copper(II) sulfate monohydrate and its fire retardant properties. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Manomenova VL, Stepnova MN, Grebenev VV, Rudneva EB, Voloshin AE. Growth of CuSO4 · 5H2O single crystals and study of some of their properties. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774513030152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Attia S, Hevroni L, Danon A, Meyerstein D, Koresh JE, Finkelstein Y. The role of the cation in the oxygen isotopic exchange in crystalline sulfate salt hydrates. ADSORPTION 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-013-9525-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ambati J, Saiyed H, Rankin SE. DFT investigation of NH3 physisorption on CuSO4 impregnated SiO2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:6617-27. [PMID: 22456452 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp22539e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this quantum chemical investigation, NH(3) physisorption onto a model of copper sulfate impregnated silica is compared with pure silica and copper sulfate adsorbents. The physisorption process is modeled as direct binding of the NH(3) molecule to the adsorption site of the dry adsorbents and as displacement of a H(2)O molecule by NH(3) in the hydrated complexes. The surface of silica is represented by a hydroxyl group attached to a silsesquioxane cage, H(7)Si(8)O(12)(OH) and silica impregnated with CuSO(4) by the most stable configuration of the cluster containing a CuSO(4) ion pair placed adjacent to the silica cage. H(2)O is systematically added to the dehydrated adsorbents to investigate the role of water in NH(3) adsorption. Modeling hydrated environments of each type of adsorbent is focused on H(2)O molecules that directly coordinate with the active sites. The results indicate that the binding energy of adsorbing NH(3) onto the mixed adsorbent is greater than in pure silica. This enhanced binding in the mixed adsorbent is consistent with improved Brønsted acidity of the silanol in the presence of CuSO(4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothirmai Ambati
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046, USA
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Giester G, Wildner M. Crystal structures of the new isotypic compounds Rb4(M2+)(Fe3+)8[SeO3]14[SeO2(OH)]2 · 2 H2O (M = Mg, Cu) with a short review on iron(III) selenites. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.2006.221.11.722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Single crystals of the new compounds Rb4(M2+)(Fe3+)8[SeO3]14[SeO2(OH)]2 · 2 H2O (M = Mg, Cu) have been synthesized in Teflon-lined steel vessels at 495 K. Their structures were determined from X-ray single crystal diffraction data and found to be isotypic: space group P-1, Z = 1, a = 7.716(2)/7.726(2), b = 10.325(3)/10.327(3), c = 15.764(4)/15.724(4) Å, α = 77.57(1)/77.87(1), β = 89.23(1)/89.47(1), γ = 86.09(1)/86.57(1)°, V = 1223.6(6)/1224.3(6) Å3, R1 = 0.028/0.037 for the Mg/Cu compound, respectively.
The structure type is characterized by a complex polyhedral framework: the [(Fe3+)O6] octahedra are linked via all corners with typical pyramidal [SeO3]2– groups — with exception of a H2O molecule which is a ligand of one of the Fe atoms. The [(M2+)O6] polyhedron shares two corners and two edges with selenite pyramids. Further sharing corners with [FeO6] octahedra, centrosymmetric units of the type [MFe4Se4O28] may be emphasized. Voids within the framework are occupied by Rb+ cations and by the lone-pair electrons of the Se4+ cations. Three different hydrogen bonds with O···O distances in the range 2.69–2.85 Å occur.
At present 28 selenites of ferric iron are known, most of them synthesized at low-hydrothermal conditions. Commonly, framework structures are formed with ferric iron in octahedral coordination. Further building units are trigonal pyramidal [SeO3]2– and [SeO2(OH)]– groups or [Se2O5]2– dimer anions, featuring a large variety of structure arrangements. Iron(III) selenites are classified based on the presence of extra cations, on the respective anionic groups and by the type of interpolyhedral linkage. In the literature, few isotypic selenites (with Fe3+ substituted by another trivalent cation) have been reported yet.
Among 51 [FeOn] polyhedra studied all but one show ferric iron (Fe3+) in sixfold coordination with mean Fe—O bond lengths for 41 pure [FeO6] octahedra ranging from 1.989 to 2.044 Å with an overall mean value of 2.013(11) Å. Remarkably, only 14% of all [FeO6] poly hedra are centrosymmetric.
In the oxoanions investigated (61 [SeO3]2–, 9 [SeO2(OH)]– and 6 [Se2O5]2– groups) tetravalent selenium typically forms a flattened trigonal pyramid with O—Se—O bond angles of about 100° and Se—O bond lengths of 1.70 Å, completed by the lone-pair electrons E at the selenium cation to a formal [ESeO3]2–
ψ
1 tetrahedron. In hydrogenselenites and diselenites elongated Se—O distances occur for the protonated and the bridging oxygen atoms, respectively. With some rare exceptions all selenium atoms have the site symmetry 1.
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Farrugia LJ, Middlemiss DS, Sillanpää R, Seppälä P. A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Charge Density Study of the Chemical Bonding and Magnetism in 3-Amino-propanolato Cu(II) Complexes Containing Weakly Coordinated Anions. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:9050-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jp804865j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis J. Farrugia
- WestCHEM, Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ Scotland U.K., and Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Derek S. Middlemiss
- WestCHEM, Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ Scotland U.K., and Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Reijo Sillanpää
- WestCHEM, Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ Scotland U.K., and Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Petri Seppälä
- WestCHEM, Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ Scotland U.K., and Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Belokoneva EL. Electron density and traditional structural chemistry of silicates. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1999v068n04abeh000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Danon A, Saig A, Finkelstein Y, Koresh JE. A new route of oxygen isotope exchange in the solid phase: demonstration in CuSO4.5H2O. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:21197-201. [PMID: 16853746 DOI: 10.1021/jp051000u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Temperature-programmed desorption mass spectrometry (TPD-MS) measurements on [(18)O]water-enriched copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO(4).5H(2)(18)O) reveal an unambiguous occurrence of efficient oxygen isotope exchange between the water of crystallization and the sulfate in its CuSO(4) solid phase. To the best of our knowledge, the occurrence of such an exchange was never observed in a solid phase. The exchange process was observed during the stepwise dehydration (50-300 degrees C) of the compound. Specifically, the exchange promptly occurs somewhere between 160 and 250 degrees C; however, the exact temperature could not be resolved conclusively. It is shown that only the fifth, sulfate-associated, anionic H(2)O molecule participates in the exchange process and that the exchange seems to occur in a preferable fashion with, at the most, one oxygen atom in SO(4). Such an exchange, occurring below 250 degrees C, questions the common conviction of unfeasible oxygen exchange under geothermic conditions. This new oxygen exchange phenomenon is not exclusive to copper sulfate but is unambiguously observed also in other sulfate- and nitrate-containing minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Danon
- Chemistry Division, Nuclear Research Center of the Negev (NRCN), Beer-Sheva 84190, Israel
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Szilagyi RK, Frank P, DeBeer George S, Hedman B, Hodgson KO. High Covalence in CuSO4 and the Radicalization of Sulfate: An X-ray Absorption and Density Functional Study. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:8318-29. [PMID: 15606178 DOI: 10.1021/ic030311l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of anhydrous CuSO(4) reveals a well-resolved preedge transition feature at 2478.8 eV that has no counterpart in the XAS spectra of anhydrous ZnSO(4) or copper sulfate pentahydrate. Similar but weaker preedge features occur in the sulfur K-edge XAS spectra of [Cu(itao)SO(4)] (2478.4 eV) and [Cu[(CH(3))(6)tren]SO(4)] (2477.7 eV). Preedge features in the XAS spectra of transition metal ligands are generally attributed to covalent delocalization of a metal d-orbital hole into a ligand-based orbital. Copper L-edge XAS of CuSO(4) revealed that 56% of the Cu(II) 3d hole is delocalized onto the sulfate ligand. Hybrid density functional calculations on the two most realistic models of the covalent delocalization pathways in CuSO(4) indicate about 50% electron delocalization onto the sulfate oxygen-based 2p orbitals; however, at most 14% of that can be found on sulfate sulfur. Both experimental and computational results indicated that the high covalence of anhydrous CuSO(4) has made sulfate more like the radical monoanion, inducing an extensive mixing and redistribution of sulfur 3p-based unoccupied orbitals to lower energy in comparison to sulfate in ZnSO(4). It is this redistribution, rather than a direct covalent interaction between Cu(II) and sulfur, that is the origin of the observed sulfur XAS preedge feature. From pseudo-Voigt fits to the CuSO(4) sulfur K-edge XAS spectrum, a ground-state 3p character of 6% was quantified for the orbital contributing to the preedge transition, in reasonable agreement with the DFT calculation. Similar XAS fits indicated 2% sulfur 3p character for the preedge transition orbitals in [Cu(itao)SO(4)] and [Cu[(CH(3))(6)tren]SO(4)]. The covalent radicalization of ligands similar to sulfate, with consequent energy redistribution of the virtual orbitals, represents a new mechanism for the induction of ligand preedge XAS features. The high covalence of the Cu sites in CuSO(4) was found to be similar to that of Cu sites in oxidized cupredoxins, including its anistropic nature, and can serve as the simplest inorganic examples of intramolecular electron-transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Szilagyi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
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Henschel D, Linoh K, Nagel KH, Blaschette A, Jones PG. Polysulfonylamine. LXXIII [1]. Metall(II)-dimesylamid-Tetrahydrate: Das Dimesylamid-Anion als einz�hniger O-Ligand und tetrafunktioneller Wasserstoffbr�cken-Akzeptor in den isotypen Komplexen [M(H2O)4 {(CH3SO2)2N}2] mit M = Magnesium, Nickel, Kupfer und Zink. Z Anorg Allg Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19966220622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dahmen T, Glaum R, Schmidt G, Gruehn R. Zur Darstellung und Kristallstruktur von CrSO4 � 3 H2O. Z Anorg Allg Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19905860119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ito H, Ito Y, Kanamaru F, Koto K, Matsubayashi N, Watanabe I, Ikeda S. The crystal structure of chromium sulphate pentahydrate and the relation between the Jahn-Teller effect and cell dimensions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.1987.181.1-4.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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