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Singh S, Harmalkar DS, Choi Y, Lee K. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase Inhibitors: A Review of Recent (2000- 2017) Advances and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5542-5563. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180831133734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
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Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes, is the 8th leading cause of
death worldwide. As of 2015, approximately 415 million people were estimated to be diabetic
worldwide, type 2 diabetes being the most common accounting for approximately 90-95% of
all diagnosed cases with increasing prevalence. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase is one of the important
therapeutic targets recently discovered to treat this chronic disease. In this focused
review, we have highlighted recent advances and structure-activity relationship studies in the
discovery and development of different fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase inhibitors reported since
the year 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbjit Singh
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Korea
| | | | - Yongseok Choi
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Korea
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Adeva M, González-Lucán M, Seco M, Donapetry C. Enzymes involved in l-lactate metabolism in humans. Mitochondrion 2013; 13:615-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Shi R, Chen ZY, Zhu DW, Li C, Shan Y, Xu G, Lin SX. Crystal structures of human muscle fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase: novel quaternary states, enhanced AMP affinity, and allosteric signal transmission pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71242. [PMID: 24086250 PMCID: PMC3785478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, a key enzyme in gluconeogenesis, is subject to metabolic regulation. The human muscle isozyme is significantly more sensitive towards the allosteric inhibitor, AMP, than the liver isoform. Here we report crystal structures and kinetic studies for wild-type human muscle Fru-1,6-Pase, the AMP-bound (1.6 Å), and product-bound complexes of the Q32R mutant, which was firstly introduced by an error in the cloning. Our high-resolution structure reveals for the first time that the higher sensitivity of the muscle isozyme towards AMP originates from an additional water-mediated, H-bonded network established between AMP and the binding pocket. Also present in our structures are a metaphosphate molecule, alternate conformations of Glu97 coordinating Mg2+, and possible metal migration during catalysis. Although the individual subunit is similar to previously reported Fru-1,6-Pase structures, the tetrameric assembly of all these structures deviates from the canonical R- or T-states, representing novel tetrameric assemblies. Intriguingly, the concentration of AMP required for 50% inhibition of the Q32R mutant is increased 19-fold, and the cooperativity of both AMP and Mg2+ is abolished or decreased. These structures demonstrate the Q32R mutation affects the conformations of both N-terminal residues and the dynamic loop 52–72. Also importantly, structural comparison indicates that this mutation in helix α2 is detrimental to the R-to-T conversion as evidenced by the absence of quaternary structural changes upon AMP binding, providing direct evidence for the critical role of helix α2 in the allosteric signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Université de Québec Research Center (CHUQ-CHUL), Department of Molecular Medicine and PROTEO, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, IBIS et PROTEO, Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène Marchand, Québec City, Canada
| | - Ze-Yong Chen
- The Laboratory of Structural Biology for Visiting Scientists at Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dao-Wei Zhu
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, IBIS et PROTEO, Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène Marchand, Québec City, Canada
| | - Chunmin Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Université de Québec Research Center (CHUQ-CHUL), Department of Molecular Medicine and PROTEO, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Yufei Shan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Genjun Xu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Xiang Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Université de Québec Research Center (CHUQ-CHUL), Department of Molecular Medicine and PROTEO, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
- The Laboratory of Structural Biology for Visiting Scientists at Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Dziewulska-Szwajkowska D, Dzugaj A. Kinetic properties of Pelophylax esculentus muscle FBPase. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 157:294-300. [PMID: 20656052 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
D-Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase FBPase; [EC 3.1.3.11] was isolated from Pelophylax esculentus muscle in an electrophoretically homogeneous form with ca 30% yield. Its subunit molecular mass is ca 37 kDa. In this study, we determined the basic kinetic properties of the frog muscle enzyme. FBPase exhibited a maximum activity at pH 7.5. Like other FBPases the frog enzyme requires magnesium ions for its activity (K(a)=263 microM) and is activated by potassium ions (K(a)=63.6 microM). I(0.5) for calcium ion (91 microM) is 100 times higher than the corresponding value of mammalian muscle FBPase. K(s) for the substrate was 1.68 microM. Substrate excess inhibited the enzyme (K(si)=55 microM). AMP and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6P(2)) are potent inhibitors of frog muscle FBPase with I(0.5) of 0.2 microM and K(i) of 114 nM, respectively. Both inhibitors act synergistically on the frog muscle FBPase. In the presence of 0.05-0.5 microM of AMP, K(i) for Fru-2,6P(2) is 92 and 28 nM. I(0.5) for AMP for P. esculentus muscle FBPase is 55 times lower than the corresponding value for P. esculentus liver isozyme.
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Zarzycki M, Maciaszczyk E, Dzugaj A. Glu 69 is essential for the high sensitivity of muscle fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase inhibition by calcium ions. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:1347-50. [PMID: 17350621 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Revised: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 02/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Muscle fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) is highly sensitive toward inhibition by AMP and calcium ions. In allosteric inhibition by AMP, a loop 52-72 plays a decisive role. This loop is a highly conservative region in muscle and liver FBPases. It is feasible that the same region is involved in the inhibition by calcium ions. To test this hypothesis, chemical modification, limited proteolysis and site directed mutagenesis Glu(69)/Gln were employed. The chemical modification of Lys(71-72) and the proteolytic cleavage of the loop resulted in the significant decrease of the muscle FBPase sensitivity toward inhibition by calcium ions. The mutation of Glu(69)-->Gln resulted in a 500-fold increase of muscle isozyme I(0.5) vs. calcium ions. These results demonstrate the key role that the 52-72 amino acid loop plays in determining the sensitivity of FBPase to inhibition by AMP and calcium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Zarzycki
- Department of Animal Physiology, Zoological Institute, University of Wroclaw, Cybulskiego 30, 50-205 Wroclaw, Poland
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von Geldern TW, Lai C, Gum RJ, Daly M, Sun C, Fry EH, Abad-Zapatero C. Benzoxazole benzenesulfonamides are novel allosteric inhibitors of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase with a distinct binding mode. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:1811-5. [PMID: 16442285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2005] [Revised: 01/04/2006] [Accepted: 01/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have identified benzoxazole benzenesulfonamide 1 as a novel allosteric inhibitor of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase-1). X-ray crystallographic and biological studies of 1 indicate a distinct binding mode that recapitulates features of several previously reported FBPase-1 inhibitor classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W von Geldern
- Metabolic Disease Research, GPRD, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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Dzugaj A. Localization and regulation of muscle fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, the key enzyme of glyconeogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 46:51-71. [PMID: 16857246 DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2006.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Dzugaj
- Department of Animal Physiology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Rakus D, Tillmann H, Wysocki R, Ulaszewski S, Eschrich K, Dzugaj A. Different sensitivities of mutants and chimeric forms of human muscle and liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatases towards AMP. Biol Chem 2003; 384:51-8. [PMID: 12674499 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2003.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AMP is an allosteric inhibitor of human muscle and liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase). Despite strong similarity of the nucleotide binding domains, the muscle enzyme is inhibited by AMP approximately 35 times stronger than liver FBPase: I0.5 for muscle and for liver FBPase are 0.14 microM and 4.8 microM, respectively. Chimeric human muscle (L50M288) and chimeric human liver enzymes (M50L288), in which the N-terminal residues (1-50) were derived from the human liver and human muscle FBPases, respectively, were inhibited by AMP 2-3 times stronger than the wild-type liver enzyme. An amino acid exchange within the N-terminal region of the muscle enzyme towards liver FBPase (Lys20-->Glu) resulted in 13-fold increased I0.5 values compared to the wild-type muscle enzyme. However, the opposite exchanges in the liver enzyme (Glu20-->Lys and double mutation Glu19-->Asp/Glu20-->Lys) did not change the sensitivity for AMP inhibition of the liver mutant (I0.5 value of 4.9 microM). The decrease of sensitivity for AMP of the muscle mutant Lys20-->Glu, as well as the lack of changes in the inhibition by AMP of liver mutants Glu20-->Lys and Glu19-->Asp/Glu20-->Lys, suggest a different mechanism of AMP binding to the muscle and liver enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Animal Physiology, Zoological Institute, Wroclaw University, Cybulskiego 30, 50-205 Wroclaw, Poland
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