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Li J, Chen S, Ratner D, Blu T, Pianetta P, Liu Y. Nanoscale chemical imaging with structured X-ray illumination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2314542120. [PMID: 38015849 PMCID: PMC10710092 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314542120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
High-resolution imaging with compositional and chemical sensitivity is crucial for a wide range of scientific and engineering disciplines. Although synchrotron X-ray imaging through spectromicroscopy has been tremendously successful and broadly applied, it encounters challenges in achieving enhanced detection sensitivity, satisfactory spatial resolution, and high experimental throughput simultaneously. In this work, based on structured illumination, we develop a single-pixel X-ray imaging approach coupled with a generative image reconstruction model for mapping the compositional heterogeneity with nanoscale resolvability. This method integrates a full-field transmission X-ray microscope with an X-ray fluorescence detector and eliminates the need for nanoscale X-ray focusing and raster scanning. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by imaging a battery sample composed of mixed cathode materials and successfully retrieving the compositional variations of the imaged cathode particles. Bridging the gap between structural and chemical characterizations using X-rays, this technique opens up vast opportunities in the fields of biology, environmental, and materials science, especially for radiation-sensitive samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhou Li
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA94025
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Si Chen
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Daniel Ratner
- Machine Learning Initiative, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA94025
| | - Thierry Blu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Piero Pianetta
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA94025
| | - Yijin Liu
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78705
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2
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Vermeulen M, Webb SM, Russick S, McGeachy AC, Muratore K, Walton MS. Identification, transformations and mobility of hazardous arsenic-based pigments on 19th century bookbindings in accessible library collections. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131453. [PMID: 37116330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the non-destructive characterization of potentially hazardous Victorian-era books found in the Northwestern University Libraries. XRF, Raman and FTIR were used to identify and isolate hazardous books containing As-based pigments. These techniques also permitted, on selected books, to characterize the pigment as being Emerald green. However, none allowed for the identification of equally hazardous degradation products or potential transfer to adjacent books. These analytical gaps create limits in thoroughly identifying the level of risks associated with these books for library users and hampered the application of effective risk mitigation measures. Such limitations were overcome with synchrotron radiation (SR) techniques. Through SR-XRF, Cu/As distributions were mapped across covers and spines of green and neighboring books, whereas SR-X-ray absorption near edge structure (SR-XANES) was used to characterize the As oxidation state, leading to the identification of arsenates as degradation products. Besides successfully identifying hazardous books, this study demonstrated that hazards extend beyond As-containing green books to innocuous, long-standing neighboring books and non-colored pages due to migration and transfer of pigment and degradation products. Aside from helping to implement workplace health and safety measures, this study also informs how other libraries can identify and characterize potentially hazardous items in their collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Vermeulen
- Northwestern University / Art Institute of Chicago Center for Scientific Studies in the Arts (NU-ACCESS), 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Samuel M Webb
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Susan Russick
- Northwestern University Libraries, 1970 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Alicia C McGeachy
- Northwestern University / Art Institute of Chicago Center for Scientific Studies in the Arts (NU-ACCESS), 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Karissa Muratore
- Northwestern University Libraries, 1970 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Marc S Walton
- Northwestern University / Art Institute of Chicago Center for Scientific Studies in the Arts (NU-ACCESS), 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Anné J, Canoville A, Edwards NP, Schweitzer MH, Zanno LE. Independent Evidence for the Preservation of Endogenous Bone Biochemistry in a Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020264. [PMID: 36829540 PMCID: PMC9953530 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecules preserved in deep time have potential to shed light on major evolutionary questions, driving the search for new and more rigorous methods to detect them. Despite the increasing body of evidence from a wide variety of new, high resolution/high sensitivity analytical techniques, this research is commonly met with skepticism, as the long standing dogma persists that such preservation in very deep time (>1 Ma) is unlikely. The Late Cretaceous dinosaur Tyrannosaurus rex (MOR 1125) has been shown, through multiple biochemical studies, to preserve original bone chemistry. Here, we provide additional, independent support that deep time bimolecular preservation is possible. We use synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging (XRF) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to investigate a section from the femur of this dinosaur, and demonstrate preservation of elements (S, Ca, and Zn) associated with bone remodeling and redeposition. We then compare these data to the bone of an extant dinosaur (bird), as well as a second non-avian dinosaur, Tenontosaurus tilletti (OMNH 34784) that did not preserve any sign of original biochemistry. Our data indicate that MOR 1125 bone cortices have similar bone elemental distributions to that of an extant bird, which supports preservation of original endogenous chemistry in this specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Anné
- The Children’s Museum of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Nicholas P. Edwards
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Mary H. Schweitzer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Campus Box 7617, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Paleontology, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, 11 W. Jones St., Raleigh, NC 27601, USA
- Department of Geology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lindsay E. Zanno
- Department of Biological Sciences, Campus Box 7617, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Paleontology, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, 11 W. Jones St., Raleigh, NC 27601, USA
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Edwards NP, Bargar JR, van Campen D, van Veelen A, Sokaras D, Bergmann U, Webb SM. A new μ-high energy resolution fluorescence detection microprobe imaging spectrometer at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource beamline 6-2. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:083101. [PMID: 36050052 PMCID: PMC9392580 DOI: 10.1063/5.0095229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe a new synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) imaging instrument with an integrated High Energy Fluorescence Detection X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (HERFD-XAS) spectrometer at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource at beamline 6-2. The X-ray beam size on the sample can be defined via a range of pinhole apertures or focusing optics. XRF imaging is performed using a continuous rapid scan system with sample stages covering a travel range of 250 × 200 mm2, allowing for multiple samples and/or large samples to be mounted. The HERFD spectrometer is a Johann-type with seven spherically bent 100 mm diameter crystals arranged on intersecting Rowland circles of 1 m diameter with a total solid angle of about 0.44% of 4π sr. A wide range of emission lines can be studied with the available Bragg angle range of ∼64.5°-82.6°. With this instrument, elements in a sample can be rapidly mapped via XRF and then selected features targeted for HERFD-XAS analysis. Furthermore, utilizing the higher spectral resolution of HERFD for XRF imaging provides better separation of interfering emission lines, and it can be used to select a much narrower emission bandwidth, resulting in increased image contrast for imaging specific element species, i.e., sparse excitation energy XAS imaging. This combination of features and characteristics provides a highly adaptable and valuable tool in the study of a wide range of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P. Edwards
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - John R. Bargar
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Douglas van Campen
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Arjen van Veelen
- Material Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- Physics Department, University of Wisonsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - Samuel M. Webb
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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Boseley RE, Howard DL, Hackett MJ, Lewis SW. The transfer and persistence of metals in latent fingermarks. Analyst 2022; 147:387-397. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an01951a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Transfer and persistence of metals in latent fingermarks derived from objects of forensic interest explored using synchrotron sourced X-ray fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon E. Boseley
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Australia
| | - Daryl L. Howard
- ANSTO, Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark J. Hackett
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Australia
| | - Simon W. Lewis
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Australia
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DePalma RA, Oleinik AA, Gurche LP, Burnham DA, Klingler JJ, McKinney CJ, Cichocki FP, Larson PL, Egerton VM, Wogelius RA, Edwards NP, Bergmann U, Manning PL. Seasonal calibration of the end-cretaceous Chicxulub impact event. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23704. [PMID: 34880389 PMCID: PMC8655067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03232-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The end-Cretaceous Chicxulub impact triggered Earth's last mass-extinction, extinguishing ~ 75% of species diversity and facilitating a global ecological shift to mammal-dominated biomes. Temporal details of the impact event on a fine scale (hour-to-day), important to understanding the early trajectory of mass-extinction, have largely eluded previous studies. This study employs histological and histo-isotopic analyses of fossil fish that were coeval with a unique impact-triggered mass-death assemblage from the Cretaceous-Paleogene (KPg) boundary in North Dakota (USA). Patterns of growth history, including periodicity of ẟ18O and ẟ13C and growth band morphology, plus corroborating data from fish ontogeny and seasonal insect behavior, reveal that the impact occurred during boreal Spring/Summer, shortly after the spawning season for fish and most continental taxa. The severity and taxonomic symmetry of response to global natural hazards are influenced by the season during which they occur, suggesting that post-impact perturbations could have exerted a selective force that was exacerbated by seasonal timing. Data from this study can also provide vital hindsight into patterns of extant biotic response to global-scale hazards that are relevant to both current and future biomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A DePalma
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Department of Geosciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
| | - Anton A Oleinik
- Department of Geosciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Loren P Gurche
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - David A Burnham
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Jeremy J Klingler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, 73096, USA
| | | | | | - Peter L Larson
- Black Hills Institute of Geological Research, Hill City, SD, 57745, USA
| | - Victoria M Egerton
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Roy A Wogelius
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Nicholas P Edwards
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin- Madison, 2320 Chamberlin Hall, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Phillip L Manning
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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Pidchenko I, Bauters S, Sinenko I, Hempel S, Amidani L, Detollenaere D, Vinze L, Banerjee D, van Silfhout R, Kalmykov SN, Göttlicher J, Baker RJ, Kvashnina KO. A multi-technique study of altered granitic rock from the Krunkelbach Valley uranium deposit, Southern Germany. RSC Adv 2020; 10:25529-25539. [PMID: 35518608 PMCID: PMC9055283 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03375h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a multi-technique study was performed to reveal the elemental speciation and microphase composition in altered granitic rock collected from the Krunkelbach Valley uranium (U) deposit area near an abandoned U mine, Black Forest, Southern Germany. The former Krunkelbach U mine with 1–2 km surrounding area represents a unique natural analogue site with the rich accumulation of secondary U minerals suitable for radionuclide migration studies from a spent nuclear fuel (SNF) repository. Based on a micro-technique analysis using several synchrotron-based techniques such as X-ray fluorescence analysis, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and laboratory-based scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, the complex mineral assemblage was identified. While on the surface of granite, heavily altered metazeunerite–metatorbernite (Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2−x(PO4)x·8H2O) microcrystals were found together with diluted coatings similar to cuprosklodowskite (Cu(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2·6H2O), in the cavities of the rock predominantly well-preserved microcrystals close to metatorbernite (Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2·8H2O) were identified. The Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2−x(PO4)x·8H2O species exhibit uneven morphology and varies in its elemental composition, depending on the microcrystal part ranging from well-preserved to heavily altered on a scale of ∼200 μm. The microcrystal phase alteration could be presumably attributed to the microcrystal morphology, variations in chemical composition, and geochemical conditions at the site. The occurrence of uranyl-arsenate-phosphate and uranyl-silicate mineralisation on the surface of the same rock indicates the signatures of different geochemical conditions that took place after the oxidative weathering of the primary U- and arsenic (As)-bearing ores. The relevance of uranyl minerals to SNF storage and the potential role of uranyl-arsenate mineral species in the mobilization of U and As into the environment is discussed. A multi-technique elemental and microphase analysis of altered granitic rock from the Krunkelbach Valley uranium deposit, Black Forest, Southern Germany.![]()
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