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Lin IH, Liu TT, Teng YT, Wu HL, Liu YM, Wu KM, Chang CH, Hsu MT. Sequencing and comparative genome analysis of two pathogenic Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies: genome plasticity, adaptation and virulence. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20519. [PMID: 21633709 PMCID: PMC3102119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus infections in humans are often associated with bacteremia, infective endocarditis and colon cancers. The disease manifestations are different depending on the subspecies of S. gallolyticus causing the infection. Here, we present the complete genomes of S. gallolyticus ATCC 43143 (biotype I) and S. pasteurianus ATCC 43144 (biotype II.2). The genomic differences between the two biotypes were characterized with comparative genomic analyses. The chromosome of ATCC 43143 and ATCC 43144 are 2,36 and 2,10 Mb in length and encode 2246 and 1869 CDS respectively. The organization and genomic contents of both genomes were most similar to the recently published S. gallolyticus UCN34, where 2073 (92%) and 1607 (86%) of the ATCC 43143 and ATCC 43144 CDS were conserved in UCN34 respectively. There are around 600 CDS conserved in all Streptococcus genomes, indicating the Streptococcus genus has a small core-genome (constitute around 30% of total CDS) and substantial evolutionary plasticity. We identified eight and five regions of genome plasticity in ATCC 43143 and ATCC 43144 respectively. Within these regions, several proteins were recognized to contribute to the fitness and virulence of each of the two subspecies. We have also predicted putative cell-surface associated proteins that could play a role in adherence to host tissues, leading to persistent infections causing sub-acute and chronic diseases in humans. This study showed evidence that the S. gallolyticus still possesses genes making it suitable in a rumen environment, whereas the ability for S. pasteurianus to live in rumen is reduced. The genome heterogeneity and genetic diversity among the two biotypes, especially membrane and lipoproteins, most likely contribute to the differences in the pathogenesis of the two S. gallolyticus biotypes and the type of disease an infected patient eventually develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hsuan Lin
- Institute of BioMedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Tze Liu
- VGH Yang-Ming Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Teng
- VGH Yang-Ming Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Lun Wu
- VGH Yang-Ming Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ming Liu
- VGH Yang-Ming Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Keh-Ming Wu
- VGH Yang-Ming Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Hsiung Chang
- Institute of BioMedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ta Hsu
- VGH Yang-Ming Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Crystal Structure of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 78 α-L-Rhamnosidase from Bacillus sp. GL1. J Mol Biol 2007; 374:384-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Revised: 08/31/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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