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Buracco S, Döring H, Engelbart S, Singh SP, Paschke P, Whitelaw J, Thomason PA, Paul NR, Tweedy L, Lilla S, McGarry L, Corbyn R, Claydon S, Mietkowska M, Machesky LM, Rottner K, Insall RH. Scar/WAVE drives actin protrusions independently of its VCA domain using proline-rich domains. Curr Biol 2024:S0960-9822(24)01125-4. [PMID: 39332399 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
Cell migration requires the constant modification of cellular shape by reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Fine-tuning of this process is critical to ensure new actin filaments are formed only at specific times and in defined regions of the cell. The Scar/WAVE complex is the main catalyst of pseudopod and lamellipodium formation during cell migration. It is a pentameric complex highly conserved through eukaryotic evolution and composed of Scar/WAVE, Abi, Nap1/NCKAP1, Pir121/CYFIP, and HSPC300/Brk1. Its function is usually attributed to activation of the Arp2/3 complex through Scar/WAVE's VCA domain, while other parts of the complex are expected to mediate spatial-temporal regulation and have no direct role in actin polymerization. Here, we show in both B16-F1 mouse melanoma and Dictyostelium discoideum cells that Scar/WAVE without its VCA domain still induces the formation of morphologically normal, actin-rich protrusions, extending at comparable speeds despite a drastic reduction of Arp2/3 recruitment. However, the proline-rich regions in Scar/WAVE and Abi subunits are essential, though either is sufficient for the generation of actin protrusions in B16-F1 cells. We further demonstrate that N-WASP can compensate for the absence of Scar/WAVE's VCA domain and induce lamellipodia formation, but it still requires an intact WAVE complex, even if without its VCA domain. We conclude that the Scar/WAVE complex does more than directly activating Arp2/3, with proline-rich domains playing a central role in promoting actin protrusions. This implies a broader function for the Scar/WAVE complex, concentrating and simultaneously activating many actin-regulating proteins as a lamellipodium-producing core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Buracco
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
| | - Hermann Döring
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Engelbart
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Peggy Paschke
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jamie Whitelaw
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Peter A Thomason
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Nikki R Paul
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Luke Tweedy
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Sergio Lilla
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Lynn McGarry
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Ryan Corbyn
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Sophie Claydon
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Magdalena Mietkowska
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Laura M Machesky
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert H Insall
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
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2
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Chen A, Wu E, Huang R, Shen B, Han R, Wen J, Zhang Z, Li Q. Development of Lung Cancer Risk Prediction Machine Learning Models for Equitable Learning Health System: Retrospective Study. JMIR AI 2024; 3:e56590. [PMID: 39259582 PMCID: PMC11425024 DOI: 10.2196/56590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant proportion of young at-risk patients and nonsmokers are excluded by the current guidelines for lung cancer (LC) screening, resulting in low-screening adoption. The vision of the US National Academy of Medicine to transform health systems into learning health systems (LHS) holds promise for bringing necessary structural changes to health care, thereby addressing the exclusivity and adoption issues of LC screening. OBJECTIVE This study aims to realize the LHS vision by designing an equitable, machine learning (ML)-enabled LHS unit for LC screening. It focuses on developing an inclusive and practical LC risk prediction model, suitable for initializing the ML-enabled LHS (ML-LHS) unit. This model aims to empower primary physicians in a clinical research network, linking central hospitals and rural clinics, to routinely deliver risk-based screening for enhancing LC early detection in broader populations. METHODS We created a standardized data set of health factors from 1397 patients with LC and 1448 control patients, all aged 30 years and older, including both smokers and nonsmokers, from a hospital's electronic medical record system. Initially, a data-centric ML approach was used to create inclusive ML models for risk prediction from all available health factors. Subsequently, a quantitative distribution of LC health factors was used in feature engineering to refine the models into a more practical model with fewer variables. RESULTS The initial inclusive 250-variable XGBoost model for LC risk prediction achieved performance metrics of 0.86 recall, 0.90 precision, and 0.89 accuracy. Post feature refinement, a practical 29-variable XGBoost model was developed, displaying performance metrics of 0.80 recall, 0.82 precision, and 0.82 accuracy. This model met the criteria for initializing the ML-LHS unit for risk-based, inclusive LC screening within clinical research networks. CONCLUSIONS This study designed an innovative ML-LHS unit for a clinical research network, aiming to sustainably provide inclusive LC screening to all at-risk populations. It developed an inclusive and practical XGBoost model from hospital electronic medical record data, capable of initializing such an ML-LHS unit for community and rural clinics. The anticipated deployment of this ML-LHS unit is expected to significantly improve LC-screening rates and early detection among broader populations, including those typically overlooked by existing screening guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjun Chen
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Erman Wu
- West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | | | - Jian Wen
- Department of Neurology, Guilin Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Department of Neurology, Guilin Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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Iori G, Alzu’bi M, Abbadi A, Al Momani Y, Hasoneh AR, Van Vaerenbergh P, Cudin I, Marcos J, Ahmad A, Mohammad A, Matalgah S, Foudeh I, Al Najdawi M, Amro A, Ur Rehman A, Abugharbiyeh M, Khrais R, Aljadaa A, Nour M, Al Mohammad H, Al Omari F, Salama M, García Fusté MJ, Reyes-Herrera J, Morawe C, Attal M, Kasaei S, Chrysostomou C, Kołodziej T, Boruchowski M, Nowak P, Wiechecki J, Fatima A, Ghigo A, Wawrzyniak AI, Lorentz K, Paolucci G, Lehner F, Krisch M, Stampanoni M, Rack A, Kaprolat A, Lausi A. BEATS: BEAmline for synchrotron X-ray microTomography at SESAME. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:1358-1372. [PMID: 39007825 PMCID: PMC11371053 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577524005277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The ID10 beamline of the SESAME (Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East) synchrotron light source in Jordan was inaugurated in June 2023 and is now open to scientific users. The beamline, which was designed and installed within the European Horizon 2020 project BEAmline for Tomography at SESAME (BEATS), provides full-field X-ray radiography and microtomography imaging with monochromatic or polychromatic X-rays up to photon energies of 100 keV. The photon source generated by a 2.9 T wavelength shifter with variable gap, and a double-multilayer monochromator system allow versatile application for experiments requiring either an X-ray beam with high intensity and flux, and/or a partially spatial coherent beam for phase-contrast applications. Sample manipulation and X-ray detection systems are designed to allow scanning samples with different size, weight and material, providing image voxel sizes from 13 µm down to 0.33 µm. A state-of-the-art computing infrastructure for data collection, three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction and data analysis allows the visualization and exploration of results online within a few seconds from the completion of a scan. Insights from 3D X-ray imaging are key to the investigation of specimens from archaeology and cultural heritage, biology and health sciences, materials science and engineering, earth, environmental sciences and more. Microtomography scans and preliminary results obtained at the beamline demonstrate that the new beamline ID10-BEATS expands significantly the range of scientific applications that can be targeted at SESAME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Iori
- SESAME – Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East, Allan, Jordan
| | - Mustafa Alzu’bi
- SESAME – Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East, Allan, Jordan
| | - Anas Abbadi
- SESAME – Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East, Allan, Jordan
| | - Yazeed Al Momani
- SESAME – Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East, Allan, Jordan
| | - Abdel Rahman Hasoneh
- SESAME – Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East, Allan, Jordan
| | | | - Ivan Cudin
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Abdalla Ahmad
- SESAME – Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East, Allan, Jordan
| | - Anas Mohammad
- SESAME – Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East, Allan, Jordan
| | - Salman Matalgah
- SESAME – Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East, Allan, Jordan
| | - Ibrahim Foudeh
- SESAME – Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East, Allan, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Al Najdawi
- SESAME – Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East, Allan, Jordan
| | - Adel Amro
- SESAME – Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East, Allan, Jordan
| | - Abid Ur Rehman
- SESAME – Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East, Allan, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Abugharbiyeh
- SESAME – Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East, Allan, Jordan
| | - Rami Khrais
- SESAME – Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East, Allan, Jordan
| | - Amro Aljadaa
- SESAME – Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East, Allan, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Nour
- SESAME – Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East, Allan, Jordan
| | - Hussam Al Mohammad
- SESAME – Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East, Allan, Jordan
| | - Farouq Al Omari
- SESAME – Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East, Allan, Jordan
| | - Majeda Salama
- SESAME – Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East, Allan, Jordan
| | | | | | | | - Maher Attal
- SESAME – Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East, Allan, Jordan
| | - Samira Kasaei
- SESAME – Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East, Allan, Jordan
| | | | - Tomasz Kołodziej
- Solaris National Synchrotron Radiation CentreJagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
| | - Mateusz Boruchowski
- Solaris National Synchrotron Radiation CentreJagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
| | - Paweł Nowak
- Solaris National Synchrotron Radiation CentreJagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
| | - Jarosław Wiechecki
- Solaris National Synchrotron Radiation CentreJagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
| | | | - Andrea Ghigo
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell’INFNINFNFrascatiRomeItaly
| | | | | | | | - Frank Lehner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYHamburgGermany
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Lausi
- SESAME – Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East, Allan, Jordan
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Robertson H, Gresham IJ, Nelson ARJ, Prescott SW, Webber GB, Wanless EJ. Illuminating the nanostructure of diffuse interfaces: Recent advances and future directions in reflectometry techniques. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 331:103238. [PMID: 38917595 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Diffuse soft matter interfaces take many forms, from end-tethered polymer brushes or adsorbed surfactants to self-assembled layers of lipids. These interfaces play crucial roles across a multitude of fields, including materials science, biophysics, and nanotechnology. Understanding the nanostructure and properties of these interfaces is fundamental for optimising their performance and designing novel functional materials. In recent years, reflectometry techniques, in particular neutron reflectometry, have emerged as powerful tools for elucidating the intricate nanostructure of soft matter interfaces with remarkable precision and depth. This review provides an overview of selected recent developments in reflectometry and their applications for illuminating the nanostructure of diffuse interfaces. We explore various principles and methods of neutron and X-ray reflectometry, as well as ellipsometry, and discuss advances in their experimental setups and data analysis approaches. Improvements to experimental neutron reflectometry methods have enabled greater time resolution in kinetic measurements and elucidation of diffuse structure under shear or confinement, while innovation in analysis protocols has significantly reduced data processing times, facilitated co-refinement of reflectometry data from multiple instruments and provided greater-than-ever confidence in proposed structural models. Furthermore, we highlight some significant research findings enabled by these techniques, revealing the organisation, dynamics, and interfacial phenomena at the nanoscale. We also discuss future directions and potential advancements in reflectometry techniques. By shedding light on the nanostructure of diffuse interfaces, reflectometry techniques enable the rational design and tailoring of interfaces with enhanced properties and functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Robertson
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Soft Matter at Interfaces, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt D-64289, Germany
| | - Isaac J Gresham
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andrew R J Nelson
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Stuart W Prescott
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Grant B Webber
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Erica J Wanless
- College of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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5
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Mindel V, Brodsky S, Yung H, Manadre W, Barkai N. Revisiting the model for coactivator recruitment: Med15 can select its target sites independent of promoter-bound transcription factors. Nucleic Acids Res 2024:gkae718. [PMID: 39187372 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Activation domains (ADs) within transcription factors (TFs) induce gene expression by recruiting coactivators such as the Mediator complex. Coactivators lack DNA binding domains (DBDs) and are assumed to passively follow their recruiting TFs. This is supported by direct AD-coactivator interactions seen in vitro but has not yet been tested in living cells. To examine that, we targeted two Med15-recruiting ADs to a range of budding yeast promoters through fusion with different DBDs. The DBD-AD fusions localized to hundreds of genomic sites but recruited Med15 and induced transcription in only a subset of bound promoters, characterized by a fuzzy-nucleosome architecture. Direct DBD-Med15 fusions shifted DBD localization towards fuzzy-nucleosome promoters, including promoters devoid of the endogenous Mediator. We propose that Med15, and perhaps other coactivators, possess inherent promoter preference and thus actively contribute to the selection of TF-induced genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Mindel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sagie Brodsky
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Hadas Yung
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Wajd Manadre
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Naama Barkai
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Thomason PA, Corbyn R, Lilla S, Sumpton D, Gilbey T, Insall RH. Biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-2 is an evolutionarily ancient proto-coatomer complex. Curr Biol 2024; 34:3564-3581.e6. [PMID: 39059394 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is an inherited disorder of intracellular vesicle trafficking affecting the function of lysosome-related organelles (LROs). At least 11 genes underlie the disease, encoding four protein complexes, of which biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-2 (BLOC-2) is the last whose molecular action is unknown. We find that the unicellular eukaryote Dictyostelium unexpectedly contains a complete BLOC-2, comprising orthologs of the mammalian subunits HPS3, -5, and -6, and a fourth subunit, an ortholog of the Drosophila LRO-biogenesis gene, Claret. Lysosomes from Dictyostelium BLOC-2 mutants fail to mature, similar to LROs from HPS patients, but for all endolysosomes rather than a specialized subset. They also strongly resemble lysosomes from WASH mutants. Dictyostelium BLOC-2 localizes to the same compartments as WASH, and in BLOC-2 mutants, WASH is inefficiently recruited, accounting for their impaired lysosomal maturation. BLOC-2 is recruited to endolysosomes via its HPS3 subunit. Structural modeling suggests that all four subunits are proto-coatomer proteins, with important implications for BLOC-2's molecular function. The discovery of Dictyostelium BLOC-2 permits identification of orthologs throughout eukaryotes. BLOC-2 and lysosome-related organelles, therefore, pre-date the evolution of Metazoa and have broader and more conserved functions than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Thomason
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
| | - Ryan Corbyn
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Sergio Lilla
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - David Sumpton
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Thomas Gilbey
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Robert H Insall
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; Division of Cell & Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Sipos G, La Rocca G, Antonio F, Elia D, Nassisi P, Fiore S, Bardaji R, Rodero I. Scientific Data Spaces - Experiences from the EGI-ACE project. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2024; 4:136. [PMID: 39219788 PMCID: PMC11364964 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.17418.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents the approach adopted by the EGI-ACE project for the setup and delivery of Data Spaces for various scientific domains. The work was implemented by members of the EGI e-infrastructure and of several European Research Infrastructures in the context of the European Open Science Cloud programme. Our results are several Data Space services that enable the reuse and exploitation of open, scientific big data for compute intensive use cases. The paper illustrates the EGI-ACE approach through two examples: (1) EMSO ERIC Data Portal for seafloor and water column research and (2) ENES Data Space for climate research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Sipos
- The EGI Foundation, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands
| | | | - Fabrizio Antonio
- CMCC Foundation - Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, Lecce, Italy
| | - Donatello Elia
- CMCC Foundation - Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, Lecce, Italy
| | - Paola Nassisi
- CMCC Foundation - Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Raul Bardaji
- European Multidisciplinary Observatory of the Seabed and Water Column, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Ivan Rodero
- European Multidisciplinary Observatory of the Seabed and Water Column, Rome, Lazio, Italy
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Dixon JC, Frick CL, Leveille CL, Garrison P, Lee PA, Mogre SS, Morris B, Nivedita N, Vasan R, Chen J, Fraser CL, Gamlin CR, Harris LK, Hendershott MC, Johnson GT, Klein KN, Oluoch SA, Thirstrup DJ, Sluzewski MF, Wilhelm L, Yang R, Toloudis DM, Viana MP, Theriot JA, Rafelski SM. Colony context and size-dependent compensation mechanisms give rise to variations in nuclear growth trajectories. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.28.601071. [PMID: 38979140 PMCID: PMC11230432 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.28.601071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the fundamental question of how cellular variations arise across spatiotemporal scales in a population of identical healthy cells, we focused on nuclear growth in hiPS cell colonies as a model system. We generated a 3D timelapse dataset of thousands of nuclei over multiple days, and developed open-source tools for image and data analysis and an interactive timelapse viewer for exploring quantitative features of nuclear size and shape. We performed a data-driven analysis of nuclear growth variations across timescales. We found that individual nuclear volume growth trajectories arise from short timescale variations attributable to their spatiotemporal context within the colony. We identified a strikingly time-invariant volume compensation relationship between nuclear growth duration and starting volume across the population. Notably, we discovered that inheritance plays a crucial role in determining these two key nuclear growth features while other growth features are determined by their spatiotemporal context and are not inherited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C. Dixon
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Christopher L. Frick
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Chantelle L. Leveille
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Philip Garrison
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Peyton A. Lee
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Saurabh S. Mogre
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Benjamin Morris
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Nivedita Nivedita
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ritvik Vasan
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jianxu Chen
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Present address: Leibniz-Institut fur Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V., Dortmund, 44139, Germany
| | - Cameron L. Fraser
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Clare R. Gamlin
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Leigh K. Harris
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | | | - Graham T. Johnson
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Kyle N. Klein
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Sandra A. Oluoch
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Derek J. Thirstrup
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - M. Filip Sluzewski
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Lyndsay Wilhelm
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Ruian Yang
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Daniel M. Toloudis
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Matheus P. Viana
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Julie A. Theriot
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Susanne M. Rafelski
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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9
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Katoh TA, Fukai YT, Ishibashi T. Optical microscopic imaging, manipulation, and analysis methods for morphogenesis research. Microscopy (Oxf) 2024; 73:226-242. [PMID: 38102756 PMCID: PMC11154147 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphogenesis is a developmental process of organisms being shaped through complex and cooperative cellular movements. To understand the interplay between genetic programs and the resulting multicellular morphogenesis, it is essential to characterize the morphologies and dynamics at the single-cell level and to understand how physical forces serve as both signaling components and driving forces of tissue deformations. In recent years, advances in microscopy techniques have led to improvements in imaging speed, resolution and depth. Concurrently, the development of various software packages has supported large-scale, analyses of challenging images at the single-cell resolution. While these tools have enhanced our ability to examine dynamics of cells and mechanical processes during morphogenesis, their effective integration requires specialized expertise. With this background, this review provides a practical overview of those techniques. First, we introduce microscopic techniques for multicellular imaging and image analysis software tools with a focus on cell segmentation and tracking. Second, we provide an overview of cutting-edge techniques for mechanical manipulation of cells and tissues. Finally, we introduce recent findings on morphogenetic mechanisms and mechanosensations that have been achieved by effectively combining microscopy, image analysis tools and mechanical manipulation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu A Katoh
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yohsuke T Fukai
- Nonequilibrium Physics of Living Matter RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ishibashi
- Laboratory for Physical Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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10
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Irby I, Broddrick JT. Microbial adaptation to spaceflight is correlated with bacteriophage-encoded functions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3474. [PMID: 38750067 PMCID: PMC11096397 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42104-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence from the International Space Station suggests microbial populations are rapidly adapting to the spacecraft environment; however, the mechanism of this adaptation is not understood. Bacteriophages are prolific mediators of bacterial adaptation on Earth. Here we survey 245 genomes sequenced from bacterial strains isolated on the International Space Station for dormant (lysogenic) bacteriophages. Our analysis indicates phage-associated genes are significantly different between spaceflight strains and their terrestrial counterparts. In addition, we identify 283 complete prophages, those that could initiate bacterial lysis and infect additional hosts, of which 21% are novel. These prophage regions encode functions that correlate with increased persistence in extreme environments, such as spaceflight, to include antimicrobial resistance and virulence, DNA damage repair, and dormancy. Our results correlate microbial adaptation in spaceflight to bacteriophage-encoded functions that may impact human health in spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Irby
- Space Biosciences Research Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jared T Broddrick
- Space Biosciences Research Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.
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11
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Jorner K, Pollice R, Lavigne C, Aspuru-Guzik A. Ultrafast Computational Screening of Molecules with Inverted Singlet-Triplet Energy Gaps Using the Pariser-Parr-Pople Semiempirical Quantum Chemistry Method. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:2445-2456. [PMID: 38485448 PMCID: PMC10983003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Molecules with an inverted energy gap between their first singlet and triplet excited states have promising applications in the next generation of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) materials. Unfortunately, such molecules are rare, and only a handful of examples are currently known. High-throughput virtual screening could assist in finding novel classes of these molecules, but current efforts are hampered by the high computational cost of the required quantum chemical methods. We present a method based on the semiempirical Pariser-Parr-Pople theory augmented by perturbation theory and show that it reproduces inverted gaps at a fraction of the cost of currently employed excited-state calculations. Our study paves the way for ultrahigh-throughput virtual screening and inverse design to accelerate the discovery and development of this new generation of OLED materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjell Jorner
- Institute
of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Kemigården 4, Gothenburg SE-41258, Sweden
- Chemical
Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department
of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 40 St. George Street, Toronto M5S 2E4, Canada
| | - Robert Pollice
- Chemical
Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department
of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 40 St. George Street, Toronto M5S 2E4, Canada
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747, AG, The Netherlands
| | - Cyrille Lavigne
- Chemical
Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department
of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 40 St. George Street, Toronto M5S 2E4, Canada
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Chemical
Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department
of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 40 St. George Street, Toronto M5S 2E4, Canada
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto M5S 3E5, Canada
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Toronto M5S 3E4, Canada
- Vector
Institute for Artificial Intelligence, 661 University Ave. Suite 710, Toronto M5G 1M1, Canada
- Lebovic
Fellow, Canadian Institute for Advanced
Research (CIFAR), 661
University Avenue, Toronto M5G 1M1, Canada
- Acceleration
Consortium, University of Toronto, 700 University Avenue, Toronto M5G 1Z5, Canada
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12
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Gisdon FJ, Zunker M, Wolf JN, Prüfer K, Ackermann J, Welsch C, Koch I. Graph-theoretical prediction of biological modules in quaternary structures of large protein complexes. Bioinformatics 2024; 40:btae112. [PMID: 38449296 PMCID: PMC11212496 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btae112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION The functional complexity of biochemical processes is strongly related to the interplay of proteins and their assembly into protein complexes. In recent years, the discovery and characterization of protein complexes have substantially progressed through advances in cryo-electron microscopy, proteomics, and computational structure prediction. This development results in a strong need for computational approaches to analyse the data of large protein complexes for structural and functional characterization. Here, we aim to provide a suitable approach, which processes the growing number of large protein complexes, to obtain biologically meaningful information on the hierarchical organization of the structures of protein complexes. RESULTS We modelled the quaternary structure of protein complexes as undirected, labelled graphs called complex graphs. In complex graphs, the vertices represent protein chains and the edges spatial chain-chain contacts. We hypothesized that clusters based on the complex graph correspond to functional biological modules. To compute the clusters, we applied the Leiden clustering algorithm. To evaluate our approach, we chose the human respiratory complex I, which has been extensively investigated and exhibits a known biological module structure experimentally validated. Additionally, we characterized a eukaryotic group II chaperonin TRiC/CCT and the head of the bacteriophage Φ29. The analysis of the protein complexes correlated with experimental findings and indicated known functional, biological modules. Using our approach enables not only to predict functional biological modules in large protein complexes with characteristic features but also to investigate the flexibility of specific regions and coformational changes. The predicted modules can aid in the planning and analysis of experiments. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Jupyter notebooks to reproduce the examples are available on our public GitHub repository: https://github.com/MolBIFFM/PTGLtools/tree/main/PTGLmodulePrediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian J Gisdon
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Molecular Bioinformatics, Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mariella Zunker
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Molecular Bioinformatics, Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan Niclas Wolf
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Molecular Bioinformatics, Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kai Prüfer
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Molecular Bioinformatics, Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Ackermann
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Molecular Bioinformatics, Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christoph Welsch
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Medical Clinic 1, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ina Koch
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Molecular Bioinformatics, Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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13
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Wang HT, Meisler SL, Sharmarke H, Clarke N, Gensollen N, Markiewicz CJ, Paugam F, Thirion B, Bellec P. Continuous evaluation of denoising strategies in resting-state fMRI connectivity using fMRIPrep and Nilearn. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011942. [PMID: 38498530 PMCID: PMC10977879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Reducing contributions from non-neuronal sources is a crucial step in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) connectivity analyses. Many viable strategies for denoising fMRI are used in the literature, and practitioners rely on denoising benchmarks for guidance in the selection of an appropriate choice for their study. However, fMRI denoising software is an ever-evolving field, and the benchmarks can quickly become obsolete as the techniques or implementations change. In this work, we present a denoising benchmark featuring a range of denoising strategies, datasets and evaluation metrics for connectivity analyses, based on the popular fMRIprep software. The benchmark prototypes an implementation of a reproducible framework, where the provided Jupyter Book enables readers to reproduce or modify the figures on the Neurolibre reproducible preprint server (https://neurolibre.org/). We demonstrate how such a reproducible benchmark can be used for continuous evaluation of research software, by comparing two versions of the fMRIprep. Most of the benchmark results were consistent with prior literature. Scrubbing, a technique which excludes time points with excessive motion, combined with global signal regression, is generally effective at noise removal. Scrubbing was generally effective, but is incompatible with statistical analyses requiring the continuous sampling of brain signal, for which a simpler strategy, using motion parameters, average activity in select brain compartments, and global signal regression, is preferred. Importantly, we found that certain denoising strategies behave inconsistently across datasets and/or versions of fMRIPrep, or had a different behavior than in previously published benchmarks. This work will hopefully provide useful guidelines for the fMRIprep users community, and highlight the importance of continuous evaluation of research methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ting Wang
- Centre de recherche de l’institut Universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Steven L. Meisler
- Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard University, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hanad Sharmarke
- Centre de recherche de l’institut Universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Natasha Clarke
- Centre de recherche de l’institut Universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - François Paugam
- Centre de recherche de l’institut Universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Computer Science and Operations Research Department, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Mila—Institut Québécois d’Intelligence Artificielle, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Pierre Bellec
- Centre de recherche de l’institut Universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Psychology Department, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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14
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Flamholz ZN, Biller SJ, Kelly L. Large language models improve annotation of prokaryotic viral proteins. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:537-549. [PMID: 38287147 PMCID: PMC11311208 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Viral genomes are poorly annotated in metagenomic samples, representing an obstacle to understanding viral diversity and function. Current annotation approaches rely on alignment-based sequence homology methods, which are limited by the paucity of characterized viral proteins and divergence among viral sequences. Here we show that protein language models can capture prokaryotic viral protein function, enabling new portions of viral sequence space to be assigned biologically meaningful labels. When applied to global ocean virome data, our classifier expanded the annotated fraction of viral protein families by 29%. Among previously unannotated sequences, we highlight the identification of an integrase defining a mobile element in marine picocyanobacteria and a capsid protein that anchors globally widespread viral elements. Furthermore, improved high-level functional annotation provides a means to characterize similarities in genomic organization among diverse viral sequences. Protein language models thus enhance remote homology detection of viral proteins, serving as a useful complement to existing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary N Flamholz
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Steven J Biller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA
| | - Libusha Kelly
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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15
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Jan M, Spangaro A, Lenartowicz M, Mattiazzi Usaj M. From pixels to insights: Machine learning and deep learning for bioimage analysis. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300114. [PMID: 38058114 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioimage analysis plays a critical role in extracting information from biological images, enabling deeper insights into cellular structures and processes. The integration of machine learning and deep learning techniques has revolutionized the field, enabling the automated, reproducible, and accurate analysis of biological images. Here, we provide an overview of the history and principles of machine learning and deep learning in the context of bioimage analysis. We discuss the essential steps of the bioimage analysis workflow, emphasizing how machine learning and deep learning have improved preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, object tracking, and classification. We provide examples that showcase the application of machine learning and deep learning in bioimage analysis. We examine user-friendly software and tools that enable biologists to leverage these techniques without extensive computational expertise. This review is a resource for researchers seeking to incorporate machine learning and deep learning in their bioimage analysis workflows and enhance their research in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahta Jan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Allie Spangaro
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michelle Lenartowicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mojca Mattiazzi Usaj
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
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16
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Dolzhenko E, English A, Dashnow H, De Sena Brandine G, Mokveld T, Rowell WJ, Karniski C, Kronenberg Z, Danzi MC, Cheung WA, Bi C, Farrow E, Wenger A, Chua KP, Martínez-Cerdeño V, Bartley TD, Jin P, Nelson DL, Zuchner S, Pastinen T, Quinlan AR, Sedlazeck FJ, Eberle MA. Characterization and visualization of tandem repeats at genome scale. Nat Biotechnol 2024:10.1038/s41587-023-02057-3. [PMID: 38168995 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-02057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Tandem repeat (TR) variation is associated with gene expression changes and numerous rare monogenic diseases. Although long-read sequencing provides accurate full-length sequences and methylation of TRs, there is still a need for computational methods to profile TRs across the genome. Here we introduce the Tandem Repeat Genotyping Tool (TRGT) and an accompanying TR database. TRGT determines the consensus sequences and methylation levels of specified TRs from PacBio HiFi sequencing data. It also reports reads that support each repeat allele. These reads can be subsequently visualized with a companion TR visualization tool. Assessing 937,122 TRs, TRGT showed a Mendelian concordance of 98.38%, allowing a single repeat unit difference. In six samples with known repeat expansions, TRGT detected all expansions while also identifying methylation signals and mosaicism and providing finer repeat length resolution than existing methods. Additionally, we released a database with allele sequences and methylation levels for 937,122 TRs across 100 genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam English
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Harriet Dashnow
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Tom Mokveld
- Pacific Biosciences of California, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Matt C Danzi
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Warren A Cheung
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Chengpeng Bi
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Emily Farrow
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Aaron Wenger
- Pacific Biosciences of California, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Khi Pin Chua
- Pacific Biosciences of California, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Verónica Martínez-Cerdeño
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriner's Hospital for Children and UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- MIND Institute, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Trevor D Bartley
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriner's Hospital for Children and UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David L Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephan Zuchner
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Aaron R Quinlan
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Fritz J Sedlazeck
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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17
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Samuel S, Mietchen D. Computational reproducibility of Jupyter notebooks from biomedical publications. Gigascience 2024; 13:giad113. [PMID: 38206590 PMCID: PMC10783158 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giad113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jupyter notebooks facilitate the bundling of executable code with its documentation and output in one interactive environment, and they represent a popular mechanism to document and share computational workflows, including for research publications. The reproducibility of computational aspects of research is a key component of scientific reproducibility but has not yet been assessed at scale for Jupyter notebooks associated with biomedical publications. APPROACH We address computational reproducibility at 2 levels: (i) using fully automated workflows, we analyzed the computational reproducibility of Jupyter notebooks associated with publications indexed in the biomedical literature repository PubMed Central. We identified such notebooks by mining the article's full text, trying to locate them on GitHub, and attempting to rerun them in an environment as close to the original as possible. We documented reproduction success and exceptions and explored relationships between notebook reproducibility and variables related to the notebooks or publications. (ii) This study represents a reproducibility attempt in and of itself, using essentially the same methodology twice on PubMed Central over the course of 2 years, during which the corpus of Jupyter notebooks from articles indexed in PubMed Central has grown in a highly dynamic fashion. RESULTS Out of 27,271 Jupyter notebooks from 2,660 GitHub repositories associated with 3,467 publications, 22,578 notebooks were written in Python, including 15,817 that had their dependencies declared in standard requirement files and that we attempted to rerun automatically. For 10,388 of these, all declared dependencies could be installed successfully, and we reran them to assess reproducibility. Of these, 1,203 notebooks ran through without any errors, including 879 that produced results identical to those reported in the original notebook and 324 for which our results differed from the originally reported ones. Running the other notebooks resulted in exceptions. CONCLUSIONS We zoom in on common problems and practices, highlight trends, and discuss potential improvements to Jupyter-related workflows associated with biomedical publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeba Samuel
- Heinz-Nixdorf Chair for Distributed Information Systems, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
- Michael Stifel Center Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Daniel Mietchen
- Ronin Institute, Montclair 07043-2314, NJ, United States
- Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE)
- FIZ Karlsruhe—Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure, Berlin 76344, Germany
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18
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Lang M, Pathak SA, Holt SJR, Beg M, Fangohr H. Controlling stable Bloch points with electric currents. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18934. [PMID: 37919352 PMCID: PMC10622520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bloch point is a point singularity in the magnetisation configuration, where the magnetisation vanishes. It can exist as an equilibrium configuration and plays an important role in many magnetisation reversal processes. In the present work, we focus on manipulating Bloch points in a system that can host stable Bloch points-a two-layer FeGe nanostrip with opposite chirality of the two layers. We drive Bloch points using spin-transfer torques and find that Bloch points can move collectively without any Hall effect and report that Bloch points are repelled from the sample boundaries and each other. We study pinning of Bloch points at wedge-shaped constrictions (notches) in the nanostrip and demonstrate that arrays of Bloch points can be moved past a series of notches in a controlled manner by applying consecutive current pulses of different strength. Finally, we simulate a T-shaped geometry and demonstrate that a Bloch point can be moved along different paths by applying current between suitable strip ends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lang
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Swapneel Amit Pathak
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel J R Holt
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marijan Beg
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hans Fangohr
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
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19
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Yehudi Y, Hughes-Noehrer L, Goble C, Jay C. Subjective data models in bioinformatics and how wet lab and computational biologists conceptualise data. Sci Data 2023; 10:756. [PMID: 37919302 PMCID: PMC10622411 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological science produces "big data" in varied formats, which necessitates using computational tools to process, integrate, and analyse data. Researchers using computational biology tools range from those using computers for communication, to those writing analysis code. We examine differences in how researchers conceptualise the same data, which we call "subjective data models". We interviewed 22 people with biological experience and varied levels of computational experience, and found that many had fluid subjective data models that changed depending on circumstance. Surprisingly, results did not cluster around participants' computational experience levels. People did not consistently map entities from abstract data models to the real-world entities in files, and certain data identifier formats were easier to infer meaning from than others. Real-world implications: 1) software engineers should design interfaces for task performance, emulating popular user interfaces, rather than targeting professional backgrounds; 2) when insufficient context is provided, people may guess what data means, whether or not they are correct, emphasising the importance of contextual metadata to remove the need for erroneous guesswork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Yehudi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- OLS, Wimblington, PE15 0QE, UK.
| | - Lukas Hughes-Noehrer
- Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Carole Goble
- Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Caroline Jay
- Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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20
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Hardianto A, Mardetia SS, Destiarani W, Budiman YP, Kurnia D, Mayanti T. Unveiling the Anti-Cancer Potential of Onoceranoid Triterpenes from Lansium domesticum Corr. cv. kokosan: An In Silico Study against Estrogen Receptor Alpha. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15033. [PMID: 37834479 PMCID: PMC10573215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a significant global concern, with tamoxifen, the standard treatment, raising long-term safety issues due to side effects. In this study, we evaluated the potential of five onoceranoid triterpenes from Lansium domesticum Corr. cv. kokosan against estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) using in silico techniques. Utilizing molecular docking, Lipinski's rule of five, in silico ADMET, and molecular dynamics simulations, we assessed the potency of five onoceranoid triterpenes against ERα. Molecular docking indicated competitive binding energies for these triterpenes relative to the active form of tamoxifen (4OHT) and estradiol, an ERα native ligand. Three triterpenes met drug-likeness criteria with favorable ADMET profiles. Notably, 2 demonstrated superior binding affinity in molecular dynamics simulations, outperforming estradiol, closely followed by 3 and 4. Hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC) and the spatial distribution of contact surface area (CSA) analyses suggest that these triterpenes, especially 2, may act as antagonist ligands akin to 4OHT. These findings highlight the potential of onoceranoid triterpenes in treating ERα-related breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Hardianto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Sarah Syifa Mardetia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Wanda Destiarani
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Yudha Prawira Budiman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Dikdik Kurnia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Tri Mayanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, West Java, Indonesia
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21
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Ziemann M, Poulain P, Bora A. The five pillars of computational reproducibility: bioinformatics and beyond. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:bbad375. [PMID: 37870287 PMCID: PMC10591307 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational reproducibility is a simple premise in theory, but is difficult to achieve in practice. Building upon past efforts and proposals to maximize reproducibility and rigor in bioinformatics, we present a framework called the five pillars of reproducible computational research. These include (1) literate programming, (2) code version control and sharing, (3) compute environment control, (4) persistent data sharing and (5) documentation. These practices will ensure that computational research work can be reproduced quickly and easily, long into the future. This guide is designed for bioinformatics data analysts and bioinformaticians in training, but should be relevant to other domains of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ziemann
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geelong, Australia
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pierre Poulain
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Anusuiya Bora
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geelong, Australia
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22
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Moore J, Basurto-Lozada D, Besson S, Bogovic J, Bragantini J, Brown EM, Burel JM, Casas Moreno X, de Medeiros G, Diel EE, Gault D, Ghosh SS, Gold I, Halchenko YO, Hartley M, Horsfall D, Keller MS, Kittisopikul M, Kovacs G, Küpcü Yoldaş A, Kyoda K, le Tournoulx de la Villegeorges A, Li T, Liberali P, Lindner D, Linkert M, Lüthi J, Maitin-Shepard J, Manz T, Marconato L, McCormick M, Lange M, Mohamed K, Moore W, Norlin N, Ouyang W, Özdemir B, Palla G, Pape C, Pelkmans L, Pietzsch T, Preibisch S, Prete M, Rzepka N, Samee S, Schaub N, Sidky H, Solak AC, Stirling DR, Striebel J, Tischer C, Toloudis D, Virshup I, Walczysko P, Watson AM, Weisbart E, Wong F, Yamauchi KA, Bayraktar O, Cimini BA, Gehlenborg N, Haniffa M, Hotaling N, Onami S, Royer LA, Saalfeld S, Stegle O, Theis FJ, Swedlow JR. OME-Zarr: a cloud-optimized bioimaging file format with international community support. Histochem Cell Biol 2023; 160:223-251. [PMID: 37428210 PMCID: PMC10492740 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
A growing community is constructing a next-generation file format (NGFF) for bioimaging to overcome problems of scalability and heterogeneity. Organized by the Open Microscopy Environment (OME), individuals and institutes across diverse modalities facing these problems have designed a format specification process (OME-NGFF) to address these needs. This paper brings together a wide range of those community members to describe the cloud-optimized format itself-OME-Zarr-along with tools and data resources available today to increase FAIR access and remove barriers in the scientific process. The current momentum offers an opportunity to unify a key component of the bioimaging domain-the file format that underlies so many personal, institutional, and global data management and analysis tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Moore
- German BioImaging-Gesellschaft für Mikroskopie und Bildanalyse e.V., Constance, Germany.
| | | | - Sébastien Besson
- Divisions of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, and Computational Biology, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - John Bogovic
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | | | - Eva M Brown
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jean-Marie Burel
- Divisions of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, and Computational Biology, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Xavier Casas Moreno
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - David Gault
- Divisions of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, and Computational Biology, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Ilan Gold
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Matthew Hartley
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, EMBL-EBI, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dave Horsfall
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Mark Kittisopikul
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Gabor Kovacs
- Allen Institute for Neural Dynamics, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aybüke Küpcü Yoldaş
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, EMBL-EBI, Cambridge, UK
| | - Koji Kyoda
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Tong Li
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Prisca Liberali
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Lindner
- Divisions of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, and Computational Biology, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Joel Lüthi
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Luca Marconato
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Khaled Mohamed
- Divisions of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, and Computational Biology, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - William Moore
- Divisions of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, and Computational Biology, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Nils Norlin
- Department of Experimental Medical Science & Lund Bioimaging Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Wei Ouyang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Giovanni Palla
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Tobias Pietzsch
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Stephan Preibisch
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nicholas Schaub
- Information Technology Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Isaac Virshup
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Petr Walczysko
- Divisions of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, and Computational Biology, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Erin Weisbart
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Frances Wong
- Divisions of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, and Computational Biology, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Kevin A Yamauchi
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Beth A Cimini
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Nathan Hotaling
- Information Technology Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Shuichi Onami
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Stephan Saalfeld
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Oliver Stegle
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jason R Swedlow
- Divisions of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, and Computational Biology, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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23
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Jain Y, Godwin LL, Joshi S, Mandarapu S, Le T, Lindskog C, Lundberg E, Börner K. Segmenting functional tissue units across human organs using community-driven development of generalizable machine learning algorithms. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4656. [PMID: 37537179 PMCID: PMC10400613 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a reference atlas of the healthy human body requires automated image segmentation of major anatomical structures across multiple organs based on spatial bioimages generated from various sources with differences in sample preparation. We present the setup and results of the Hacking the Human Body machine learning algorithm development competition hosted by the Human Biomolecular Atlas (HuBMAP) and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) teams on the Kaggle platform. We create a dataset containing 880 histology images with 12,901 segmented structures, engaging 1175 teams from 78 countries in community-driven, open-science development of machine learning models. Tissue variations in the dataset pose a major challenge to the teams which they overcome by using color normalization techniques and combining vision transformers with convolutional models. The best model will be productized in the HuBMAP portal to process tissue image datasets at scale in support of Human Reference Atlas construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashvardhan Jain
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA.
| | - Leah L Godwin
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA
| | - Sripad Joshi
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA
| | - Shriya Mandarapu
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA
| | - Trang Le
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Cecilia Lindskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Division of Cancer Precision Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Lundberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Katy Börner
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA.
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24
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Wang HT, Meisler SL, Sharmarke H, Clarke N, Gensollen N, Markiewicz CJ, Paugam F, Thirion B, Bellec P. Continuous Evaluation of Denoising Strategies in Resting-State fMRI Connectivity Using fMRIPrep and Nilearn. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.18.537240. [PMID: 37131781 PMCID: PMC10153168 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.18.537240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Reducing contributions from non-neuronal sources is a crucial step in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) connectivity analyses. Many viable strategies for denoising fMRI are used in the literature, and practitioners rely on denoising benchmarks for guidance in the selection of an appropriate choice for their study. However, fMRI denoising software is an ever-evolving field, and the benchmarks can quickly become obsolete as the techniques or implementations change. In this work, we present a denoising benchmark featuring a range of denoising strategies, datasets and evaluation metrics for connectivity analyses, based on the popular fMRIprep software. The benchmark is implemented in a fully reproducible framework, where the provided research objects enable readers to reproduce or modify core computations, as well as the figures of the article using the Jupyter Book project and the Neurolibre reproducible preprint server (https://neurolibre.org/). We demonstrate how such a reproducible benchmark can be used for continuous evaluation of research software, by comparing two versions of the fMRIprep software package. The majority of benchmark results were consistent with prior literature. Scrubbing, a technique which excludes time points with excessive motion, combined with global signal regression, is generally effective at noise removal. Scrubbing however disrupts the continuous sampling of brain images and is incompatible with some statistical analyses, e.g. auto-regressive modeling. In this case, a simple strategy using motion parameters, average activity in select brain compartments, and global signal regression should be preferred. Importantly, we found that certain denoising strategies behave inconsistently across datasets and/or versions of fMRIPrep, or had a different behavior than in previously published benchmarks. This work will hopefully provide useful guidelines for the fMRIprep users community, and highlight the importance of continuous evaluation of research methods. Our reproducible benchmark infrastructure will facilitate such continuous evaluation in the future, and may also be applied broadly to different tools or even research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ting Wang
- Centre de recherche de l'institut Universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Steven L Meisler
- Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard University, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA
| | - Hanad Sharmarke
- Centre de recherche de l'institut Universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Natasha Clarke
- Centre de recherche de l'institut Universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Fraçois Paugam
- Centre de recherche de l'institut Universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Computer Science and Operations Research Department, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Mila - Institut Québécois d'Intelligence Artificielle, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Pierre Bellec
- Centre de recherche de l'institut Universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Psychology Department, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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25
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Hardianto A, Muscifa ZS, Widayat W, Yusuf M, Subroto T. The Effect of Ethanol on Lipid Nanoparticle Stabilization from a Molecular Dynamics Simulation Perspective. Molecules 2023; 28:4836. [PMID: 37375391 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as a promising delivery system, particularly for genetic therapies and vaccines. LNP formation requires a specific mixture of nucleic acid in a buffered solution and lipid components in ethanol. Ethanol acts as a lipid solvent, aiding the formation of the nanoparticle's core, but its presence can also affect LNP stability. In this study, we used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the physicochemical effect of ethanol on LNPs and gain a dynamic understanding of its impact on the overall structure and stability of LNPs. Our results demonstrate that ethanol destabilizes LNP structure over time, indicated by increased root mean square deviation (RMSD) values. Changes in the solvent-accessible surface area (SASA), electron density, and radial distribution function (RDF) also suggest that ethanol affects LNP stability. Furthermore, our H-bond profile analysis shows that ethanol penetrates the LNP earlier than water. These findings emphasize the importance of immediate ethanol removal in lipid-based systems during LNP production to ensure stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Hardianto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, West Java, Indonesia
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40133, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Zahra Silmi Muscifa
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40133, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Wahyu Widayat
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40133, West Java, Indonesia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda 75119, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Yusuf
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, West Java, Indonesia
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40133, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Toto Subroto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, West Java, Indonesia
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40133, West Java, Indonesia
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26
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Angeles-Albores D, Aprison EZ, Dzitoyeva S, Ruvinsky I. A Caenorhabditis elegans Male Pheromone Feminizes Germline Gene Expression in Hermaphrodites and Imposes Life-History Costs. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad119. [PMID: 37210586 PMCID: PMC10244002 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex pheromones not only improve the reproductive success of the recipients, but also impose costs, such as a reduced life span. The underlying mechanisms largely remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that even a brief exposure to physiological amounts of the dominant Caenorhabditis elegans male pheromone, ascr#10, alters the expression of thousands of genes in hermaphrodites. The most dramatic effect on the transcriptome is the upregulation of genes expressed during oogenesis and the downregulation of genes associated with male gametogenesis. This result reveals a way in which social signals help to resolve the inherent conflict between spermatogenesis and oogenesis in a simultaneous hermaphrodite, presumably to optimally align reproductive function with the presence of potential mating partners. We also found that exposure to ascr#10 increased the risk of persistent intestinal infections in hermaphrodites due to pathological pharyngeal hypertrophy. Thus, our study reveals ways in which the male pheromone can not only have beneficial effects on the recipients' reproduction, but also cause harmful consequences that reduce life span.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin Z Aprison
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Svetlana Dzitoyeva
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ilya Ruvinsky
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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27
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Lang M, Beg M, Hovorka O, Fangohr H. Bloch points in nanostrips. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6910. [PMID: 37106033 PMCID: PMC10140021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex magnetic materials hosting topologically non-trivial particle-like objects such as skyrmions are under intensive research and could fundamentally change the way we store and process data. One important class of materials are helimagnetic materials with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Recently, it was demonstrated that thin nanodisks consisting of two layers with opposite chirality can host a single stable Bloch point of two different types at the interface between the layers. Using micromagnetic simulations we show that FeGe nanostrips consisting of two layers with opposite chirality can host multiple coexisting Bloch points in an arbitrary combination of the two different types. We show that the number of Bloch points that can simultaneously coexist depends on the strip geometry and the type of the individual Bloch points. Our simulation results allow us to predict strip geometries suitable for an arbitrary number of Bloch points. We show an example of an 80-Bloch-point configuration verifying the prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lang
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Marijan Beg
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ondrej Hovorka
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Hans Fangohr
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
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28
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Angeles-Albores D, Aprison EZ, Dzitoyeva S, Ruvinsky I. A C. elegans male pheromone feminizes germline gene expression in hermaphrodites and imposes life-history costs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.17.528976. [PMID: 36824927 PMCID: PMC9949107 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.17.528976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Sex pheromones improve reproductive success, but also impose costs. Here we show that even brief exposure to physiological amounts of the dominant C. elegans male pheromone, ascr#10, alters the expression of thousands of genes in hermaphrodites. The most dramatic effect on the transcriptome was the upregulation of genes expressed during oogenesis and downregulation of genes associated with male gametogenesis. Among the detrimental effects of ascr#10 on hermaphrodites is the increased risk of persistent infections caused by pathological pharyngeal hypertrophy. Our results reveal a way in which social signals help to resolve the inherent conflict between spermatogenesis and oogenesis in a simultaneous hermaphrodite, presumably to optimally align reproductive function to the presence of potential mating partners. They also show that the beneficial effects of the pheromone are accompanied by harmful consequences that reduce lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Angeles-Albores
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Current address: Altos Labs, Bay Area Institute of Science, Redwood Shores, CA 94065, USA
| | - Erin Z Aprison
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Svetlana Dzitoyeva
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ilya Ruvinsky
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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29
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Jain Y, Godwin LL, Joshi S, Mandarapu S, Le T, Lindskog C, Lundberg E, Börner K. Segmenting functional tissue units across human organs using community-driven development of generalizable machine learning algorithms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.05.522764. [PMID: 36711953 PMCID: PMC9881902 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.05.522764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of a reference atlas of the healthy human body requires automated image segmentation of major anatomical structures across multiple organs based on spatial bioimages generated from various sources with differences in sample preparation. We present the setup and results of the "Hacking the Human Body" machine learning algorithm development competition hosted by the Human Biomolecular Atlas (HuBMAP) and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) teams on the Kaggle platform. We showcase how 1,175 teams from 78 countries engaged in community- driven, open-science code development that resulted in machine learning models which successfully segment anatomical structures across five organs using histology images from two consortia and that will be productized in the HuBMAP data portal to process large datasets at scale in support of Human Reference Atlas construction. We discuss the benchmark data created for the competition, major challenges faced by the participants, and the winning models and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashvardhan Jain
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - Leah L. Godwin
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - Sripad Joshi
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - Shriya Mandarapu
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - Trang Le
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cecilia Lindskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Division of Cancer Precision Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Lundberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katy Börner
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
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Five Guiding Principles to Make Jupyter Notebooks Fit for Earth Observation Data Education. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14143359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing demand to train Earth Observation (EO) data users in how to access and use existing and upcoming data. A promising tool for data-related training is computational notebooks, which are interactive web applications that combine text, code and computational output. Here, we present the Learning Tool for Python (LTPy), which is a training course (based on Jupyter notebooks) on atmospheric composition data. LTPy consists of more than 70 notebooks and has taught over 1000 EO data users so far, whose feedback is overall positive. We adapted five guiding principles from different fields (mainly scientific computing and Jupyter notebook research) to make the Jupyter notebooks more educational and reusable. The Jupyter notebooks developed (i) follow the literate programming paradigm by a text/code ratio of 3, (ii) use instructional design elements to improve navigation and user experience, (iii) modularize functions to follow best practices for scientific computing, (iv) leverage the wider Jupyter ecosystem to make content accessible and (v) aim for being reproducible. We see two areas for future developments: first, to collect feedback and evaluate whether the instructional design elements proposed meet their objective; and second, to develop tools that automatize the implementation of best practices.
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Wuttke J, Cottrell S, Gonzalez MA, Kaestner A, Markvardsen A, Rod TH, Rozyczko P, Vardanyan G. Guidelines for collaborative development of sustainable data treatment software. JOURNAL OF NEUTRON RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/jnr-220002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Software development for data reduction and analysis at large research facilities is increasingly professionalized, and internationally coordinated. To foster software quality and sustainability, and to facilitate collaboration, representatives from software groups of European neutron and muon facilities have agreed on a set of guidelines for development practices, infrastructure, and functional and non-functional product properties. These guidelines have been derived from actual practices in software projects from the EU funded consortium ‘Science and Innovation with Neutrons in Europe in 2020’ (SINE2020), and have been enriched through extensive literature review. Besides guiding the work of the professional software engineers in our computing groups, we hope to influence scientists who are willing to contribute their own data treatment software to our community. Moreover, this work may also provide inspiration to scientific software development beyond the neutron and muon field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Wuttke
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at Heinz Maier Leibnitz-Zentrum, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stephen Cottrell
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel A. Gonzalez
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Anders Kaestner
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Anders Markvardsen
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas H. Rod
- European Spallation Source ERIC, PO BOX 176, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Piotr Rozyczko
- European Spallation Source ERIC, PO BOX 176, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Gagik Vardanyan
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Doose S. LOCAN: a python library for analyzing single-molecule localization microscopy data. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:2670-2672. [PMID: 35298593 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Single-molecule localization microscopy has become an important part of the super-resolution microscopy toolbox in biomedical research. Software platforms for applying analytical methods to the point-based data structures are needed that offer both routine application and flexible customization of analysis procedures. We present a python library called LOCAN that consists of well-defined data structures and analysis methods for analyzing localization data in a script or computable notebook. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The package source code is released open-source under a BSD-3 license at https://github.com/super-resolution/Locan. It can be installed form the Python Package Index at https://pypi.org/project/locan. Documentation is available at https://locan.readthedocs.io. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Doose
- Department of Biotechnology und Biophysics, Julius-Maximilians-University, Am Hubland / Biocentre, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Barba LA. The Python/Jupyter Ecosystem: Today’s Problem-Solving Environment for Computational Science. Comput Sci Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/mcse.2021.3074693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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