1
|
Barrientos L, Borja-Lloret M, Casaña J, Hueso-González F, Ros A, Roser J, Senra C, Solaz C, Viegas R, Llosá G. System characterization and performance studies with MACACO III Compton camera. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2023.110922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
|
2
|
Llosá G, Rafecas M. Hybrid PET/Compton-camera imaging: an imager for the next generation. EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS 2023; 138:214. [PMID: 36911362 PMCID: PMC9990967 DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-023-03805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Compton cameras can offer advantages over gamma cameras for some applications, since they are well suited for multitracer imaging and for imaging high-energy radiotracers, such as those employed in radionuclide therapy. While in conventional clinical settings state-of-the-art Compton cameras cannot compete with well-established methods such as PET and SPECT, there are specific scenarios in which they can constitute an advantageous alternative. The combination of PET and Compton imaging can benefit from the improved resolution and sensitivity of current PET technology and, at the same time, overcome PET limitations in the use of multiple radiotracers. Such a system can provide simultaneous assessment of different radiotracers under identical conditions and reduce errors associated with physical factors that can change between acquisitions. Advances are being made both in instrumentation developments combining PET and Compton cameras for multimodal or three-gamma imaging systems, and in image reconstruction, addressing the challenges imposed by the combination of the two modalities or the new techniques. This review article summarizes the advances made in Compton cameras for medical imaging and their combination with PET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Llosá
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), CSIC-UV, Catedrático Beltrán, 2., 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Magdalena Rafecas
- Institute of Medical Engineering (IMT), Universität zu Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kazemi Kozani M, Magiera A. Machine learning-based event recognition in SiFi Compton camera imaging for proton therapy monitoring. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac71f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective. Online monitoring of dose distribution in proton therapy is currently being investigated with the detection of prompt gamma (PG) radiation emitted from a patient during irradiation. The SiPM and scintillation Fiber based Compton Camera (SiFi-CC) setup is being developed for this aim. Approach. A machine learning approach to recognize Compton events is proposed, reconstructing the PG emission profile during proton therapy. The proposed method was verified on pseudo-data generated by a Geant4 simulation for a single proton beam impinging on a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom. Three different models including the boosted decision tree (BDT), multilayer perception (MLP) neural network, and k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) were trained using 10-fold cross-validation and then their performances were assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROI) curves. Subsequently, after event selection by the most robust model, a software based on the List-Mode Maximum Likelihood Estimation Maximization (LM-MLEM) algorithm was applied for the reconstruction of the PG emission distribution profile. Main results. It was demonstrated that the BDT model excels in signal/background separation compared to the other two. Furthermore, the reconstructed PG vertex distribution after event selection showed a significant improvement in distal falloff position determination. Significance. A highly satisfactory agreement between the reconstructed distal edge position and that of the simulated Compton events was achieved. It was also shown that a position resolution of 3.5 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) in distal edge position determination is feasible with the proposed setup.
Collapse
|
4
|
The SiFi-CC project – Feasibility study of a scintillation-fiber-based Compton camera for proton therapy monitoring. Phys Med 2020; 76:317-325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
5
|
Roser J, Muñoz E, Barrientos L, Barrio J, Bernabéu J, Borja-Lloret M, Etxebeste A, Llosá G, Ros A, Viegas R, Oliver JF. Image reconstruction for a multi-layer Compton telescope: an analytical model for three interaction events. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:145005. [PMID: 32330911 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab8cd4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Compton Cameras are electronically collimated photon imagers suitable for sub-MeV to few MeV gamma-ray detection. Such features are desirable to enable in vivo range verification in hadron therapy, through the detection of secondary Prompt Gammas. A major concern with this technique is the poor image quality obtained when the incoming gamma-ray energy is unknown. Compton Cameras with more than two detector planes (multi-layer Compton Cameras) have been proposed as a solution, given that these devices incorporate more signal sequences of interactions to the conventional two interaction events. In particular, three interaction events convey more spectral information as they allow inferring directly the incident gamma-ray energy. A three-layer Compton Telescope based on continuous Lanthanum (III) Bromide crystals coupled to Silicon Photomultipliers is being developed at the IRIS group of IFIC-Valencia. In a previous work we proposed a spectral reconstruction algorithm for two interaction events based on an analytical model for the formation of the signal. To fully exploit the capabilities of our prototype, we present here an extension of the model for three interaction events. Analytical expressions of the sensitivity and the System Matrix are derived and validated against Monte Carlo simulations. Implemented in a List Mode Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization algorithm, the proposed model allows us to obtain four-dimensional (energy and position) images by using exclusively three interaction events. We are able to recover the correct spectrum and spatial distribution of gamma-ray sources when ideal data are employed. However, the uncertainties associated to experimental measurements result in a degradation when real data from complex structures are employed. Incorrect estimation of the incident gamma-ray interaction positions, and missing deposited energy associated with escaping secondaries, have been identified as the causes of such degradation by means of a detailed Monte Carlo study. As expected, our current experimental resolution and efficiency to three interaction events prevents us from correctly recovering complex structures of radioactive sources. However, given the better spectral information conveyed by three interaction events, we expect an improvement of the image quality of conventional Compton imaging when including such events. In this regard, future development includes the incorporation of the model assessed in this work to the two interaction events model in order to allow using simultaneously two and three interaction events in the image reconstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Roser
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC-CSIC/UVEG), Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Feng Y, Etxebeste A, Sarrut D, Letang JM, Maxim V. 3-D Reconstruction Benchmark of a Compton Camera Against a Parallel-Hole Gamma Camera on Ideal Data. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2019.2955745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
7
|
Shiba S, Parajuli RK, Sakai M, Oike T, Ohno T, Nakano T. Use of a Si/CdTe Compton Camera for In vivo Real-Time Monitoring of Annihilation Gamma Rays Generated by Carbon Ion Beam Irradiation. Front Oncol 2020; 10:635. [PMID: 32509570 PMCID: PMC7248380 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of annihilation gamma-ray monitoring to the adaptive therapy of carbon ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) requires identification of the peak intensity position and confirmation of activated elements with annihilation gamma-rays generated at the C-ion-irradiated site from those transported to unirradiated sites. Real-time monitoring of C-ion-induced annihilation gamma-rays was implemented using a Compton camera in a mouse model. An adult C57BL/6 mouse was anesthetized, and C-ion beams were directed into the abdomen at 1 × 109 particles/s for 20 s. The 511 keV annihilation gamma-rays, generated by the interaction between the irradiated C-ion beam and the target mouse, were detected using a silicon/cadmium telluride (Si/CdTe) Compton camera for 20 min immediately after irradiation. The irradiated site and the peak intensity position of 511 keV gamma emissions due to C-ion beam irradiation on a mouse were observed at the abdomen of the mouse by developing Compton images. Moreover, the positron emitter transport was observed by evaluating the range of gamma-ray emission after the C-ion beam irradiation on the mouse. Our data suggest that by confirming the peak intensity and beam range of C-ion RT with Si/CdTe-based Compton camera, it would be possible to reduce the intra-fractional and inter-fractional dose distribution degradation. Therefore, the results of this study would contribute to the future development of adaptive therapy with C-ion RT for humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Shiba
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.,Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Raj Kumar Parajuli
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, Japan.,Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Inage, Japan
| | - Makoto Sakai
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Oike
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ohno
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.,Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Inage, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kohlhase N, Wegener T, Schaar M, Bolke A, Etxebeste A, Sarrut D, Rafecas M. Capability of MLEM and OE to Detect Range Shifts With a Compton Camera in Particle Therapy. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2019.2937675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
9
|
Fontana M, Ley JL, Dauvergne D, Freud N, Krimmer J, Letang JM, Maxim V, Richard MH, Rinaldi I, Testa E. Monitoring Ion Beam Therapy With a Compton Camera: Simulation Studies of the Clinical Feasibility. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2019.2933985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
10
|
Zhang H, Fan P, Wang S, Xia Y, Xu T, Wei Q, Lu W, Wu Z, Liu Y, Ma T. Design and Performance Evaluation of a BGO + SiPM Detector for High-Energy Prompt Gamma Imaging in Proton Therapy Monitoring. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2020.2972594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
11
|
Panaino CMV, Mackay RI, Kirkby KJ, Taylor MJ. A New Method to Reconstruct in 3D the Emission Position of the Prompt Gamma Rays following Proton Beam Irradiation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18820. [PMID: 31827167 PMCID: PMC6906450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55349-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A new technique for range verification in proton beam therapy has been developed. It is based on the detection of the prompt γ rays that are emitted naturally during the delivery of the treatment. A spectrometer comprising 16 LaBr3(Ce) detectors in a symmetrical configuration is employed to record the prompt γ rays emitted along the proton path. An algorithm has been developed that takes as inputs the LaBr3(Ce) detector signals and reconstructs the maximum γ-ray intensity peak position, in full 3 dimensions. For a spectrometer radius of 8 cm, which could accommodate a paediatric head and neck case, the prompt γ-ray origin can be determined from the width of the detected peak with a σ of 4.17 mm for a 180 MeV proton beam impinging a water phantom. For spectrometer radii of 15 and 25 cm to accommodate larger volumes this value increases to 5.65 and 6.36 mm. For a 8 cm radius, with a 5 and 10 mm undershoot, the σ is 4.31 and 5.47 mm. These uncertainties are comparable to the range uncertainties incorporated in treatment planning. This work represents the first step towards a new accurate, real-time, 3D range verification device for spot-scanning proton beam therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Costanza M V Panaino
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK. .,The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, M20 4BX, Manchester, UK.
| | - Ranald I Mackay
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.,The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, M20 4BX, Manchester, UK
| | - Karen J Kirkby
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.,The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, M20 4BX, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael J Taylor
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.,The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, M20 4BX, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
New Digital Plug and Imaging Sensor for a Proton Therapy Monitoring System Based on Positron Emission Tomography. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18093006. [PMID: 30241279 PMCID: PMC6164641 DOI: 10.3390/s18093006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the most challenging areas of sensor development for nuclear medicine is the design of proton therapy monitoring systems. Sensors are operated in a high detection rate regime in beam-on conditions. We realized a prototype of a monitoring system for proton therapy based on the technique of positron emission tomography. We used the Plug and Imaging (P&I) technology in this application. This sensing system includes LYSO/silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) detection elements, fast digital multi voltage threshold (MVT) readout electronics and dedicated image reconstruction algorithms. In this paper, we show that the P&I sensor system has a uniform response and is controllable in the experimental conditions of the proton therapy room. The prototype of PET monitoring device based on the P&I sensor system has an intrinsic experimental spatial resolution of approximately 3 mm (FWHM), obtained operating the prototype both during the beam irradiation and right after it. The count-rate performance of the P&I sensor approaches 5 Mcps and allows the collection of relevant statistics for the nuclide analysis. The measurement of both the half life and the relative abundance of the positron emitters generated in the target volume through irradiation of 1010 protons in approximately 15 s is performed with 0.5% and 5% accuracy, respectively.
Collapse
|
13
|
Muñoz E, Barrio J, Bernabéu J, Etxebeste A, Lacasta C, Llosá G, Ros A, Roser J, Oliver JF. Study and comparison of different sensitivity models for a two-plane Compton camera. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 63:135004. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aac8cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|