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Zhou R, Wang Q, Zeng S, Liang Y, Wang D. METTL14-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification of Col17a1/Itgα6/Itgβ4 governs epidermal homeostasis. J Dermatol Sci 2023; 112:138-147. [PMID: 37951776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant and reversible modification occurring in eukaryotic mRNAs, however, its functions in mammalian epidermal development are still not fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE To explore the role of METTL14 (Methyltransferase like 14), one of the m6A methyltransferases, in maintaining epidermal homeostasis. METHODS We constructed mice with Mettl14-inactivation in the epidermal basal cells. The phenotype was explored by H&E staining and immunofluorescence staining. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we performed RNA-seq, Ribosome profiling and MeRIP-seq on wild-type and Mettl14-inactivation epidermal keratinocytes. Moreover, HaCaT cells were used for in vitro validation. RESULTS Inactivation of Mettl14 in murine epidermis led to transient thicker epidermis and exhaustion of the epidermal stem cell pool. Interestingly, we found that the mRNA of type XVII collagen (Col17a1), integrin β4 (Itgβ4) and α6 (Itgα6) had m6A modifications, and the proteins expression were decreased in Mettl14-inactivated epidermis. Furthermore, in epidermis-specific Mettl4-inactivated mice, the epidermis was detached from the dermis and presented a phenotype similar to junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB), which may result from hemidesmosomes damage (decrease of COL17A1, ITGB4 and ITGA6). Knockdown of Mettl14 in HaCaT cells impaired the self-renewal and decreased the protein level of COL17A1, ITGB4 and ITGA6 and Itgβ4 knockdown inhibited colony formation. CONCLUSION Our study highlighted the role of METTL14 in the maintenance of epidermal homeostasis and identified its critical role through m6A-mediated translational inhibition of Col17a1, Itgβ4 and Itgα6. Our study suggested that METTL14 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of hemidesmosomes-deficient diseases, such as JEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renpeng Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qirui Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyi Zeng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin Liang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danru Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Kotalevskaya YY, Stepanov VA. Molecular genetic basis of epidermolysis bullosa. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:18-27. [PMID: 36923479 PMCID: PMC10009482 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is an inherited disorder of skin fragility, caused by mutations in a large number of genes associated with skin integrity and dermal-epidermal adhesion. Skin fragility is manifested by a decrease in resistance to external mechanical influences, the clinical signs of which are the formation of blisters, erosions and wounds on the skin and mucous membranes. EB is a multisystemic disease and characterized by a wide phenotypic spectrum with extracutaneous complications in severe types, besides the skin and mucous membranes, with high mortality. More than 30 clinical subtypes have been identified, which are grouped into four main types: simplex EB, junctional EB, dystrophic EB and Kindler syndrome. To date, pathogenic variants in 16 different genes are associated with EB and encode proteins that are part of the skin anchoring structures or are signaling proteins. Genetic mutations cause dysfunction of cellular structures, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis of cells, leading to mechanical instability of the skin. The formation of reduced proteins or decrease in their level leads mainly to functional disorders, forming mild or intermediate severe phenotypes. Absent protein expression is a result of null genetic variants and leads to structural abnormalities, causing a severe clinical phenotype. For most of the genes involved in the pathogenesis of EB, certain relationships have been established between the type and position of genetic variant and the severity of the clinical manifestations of the disease. Establishing an accurate diagnosis depends on the correlation of clinical, genealogical and immunohistological data in combination with molecular genetic testing. In general, the study of clinical, genetic and ultrastructural changes in EB has significantly expanded the understanding of the natural history of the disease and supplemented the data on genotype-phenotype correlations, promotes the search and study of epigenetic and non-genetic disease modifier factors, and also allows developing approaches to radical treatment of the disease. New advances of sequencing technologies have made it possible to describe new phenotypes and study their genetic and molecular mechanisms. This article describes the pathogenetic aspects and genes that cause main and rare syndromic subtypes of EB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yu Kotalevskaya
- Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia Charitable Foundation "BELA. Butterfly Children", Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Stepanov
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
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Kubanov AA, Chikin VV, Karamova AE, Monchakovskaya ES. Junctional epidermolysis bullosa: genotype-phenotype correlations. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2022. [DOI: 10.25208/vdv1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Junctional epidermolysis bullosa most commonly results from mutations in theLAMA3, LAMB3, LAMC2, COL17A1, ITGA6 and ITGB4genes. Junctional epidermolysis bullosa is characterized by clinical heterogeneity. To date, scientific findings allow to evaluate correlations between the severity of clinical manifestations and genetic defects underlying in the development of the disease. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and RSCI, and keywords including junctional epidermolysis bullosa, laminin 332, collagen XVII, 64 integrin. The review includes description of clinical findings of junctional epidermolysis bullosa, mutation location and types, its impact on protein production and functions. To evaluate the impact of gene mutation on protein functions, this review explores the structure and functions of lamina lucida components, including laminin 332, collagen XVII and 64 integrin, which are frequently associated with the development of junctional epidermolysis bullosa. The correlation between severe types of junctional epidermolysis bullosa and mutations resulting in premature stop codon generation and complete absence of protein expression has been described. Although, genotype-phenotype correlations should be analyzed carefully due to mechanisms which enable to improve protein expression.
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Chen K, Yong J, Zauner R, Wally V, Whitelock J, Sajinovic M, Kopecki Z, Liang K, Scott KF, Mellick AS. Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4 as a Marker for Aggressive Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5564. [PMID: 36428658 PMCID: PMC9688099 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) is a cell surface proteoglycan that is currently under investigation as a marker of cancer malignancy, and as a potential target of anticancer drug treatment. CSPG4 acts as a driver of tumourigenesis by regulating turnover of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to promote tumour cell invasion, migration as well as inflammation and angiogenesis. While CSPG4 has been widely studied in certain malignancies, such as melanoma, evidence is emerging from global gene expression studies, which suggests a role for CSPG4 in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). While relatively treatable, lack of widely agreed upon diagnostic markers for SCCs is problematic, especially for clinicians managing certain patients, including those who are aged or infirm, as well as those with underlying conditions such as epidermolysis bullosa (EB), for which a delayed diagnosis is likely lethal. In this review, we have discussed the structure of CSPG4, and quantitatively analysed CSPG4 expression in the tissues and pathologies where it has been identified to determine the usefulness of CSPG4 expression as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in management of malignant SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Chen
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Joel Yong
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Roland Zauner
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology & Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Verena Wally
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology & Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - John Whitelock
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Mila Sajinovic
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Kang Liang
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Kieran Francis Scott
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Albert Sleiman Mellick
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
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Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia: Report of two cases in consecutive siblings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 41:201-207. [PMID: 34214260 PMCID: PMC8372840 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
La atresia pilórica es una malformación digestiva poco frecuente y representa alrededor del 1% de las atresias intestinales. En el 55% de los casos, se asocia con alguna otra alteración genética o anatómica, especialmente la epidermólisis ampollosa, que se presenta en el 20% de ellos, en una asociación que se describe como un síndrome de mal pronóstico. Se presentan dos casos de hermanos consecutivos con esta condición, ambos con un desenlace fatal. Se hizo, además, una revisión de la literatura y se expusieron los puntos más importantes.
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Muensterer OJ, Paul NW. Über die Problematik der klinischen Entscheidungsfindung aufgrund von Fallbeschreibungen – ethische Implikationen am Beispiel eines Falls von Carmi Syndrom. Ethik Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00481-020-00591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungBei extrem seltenen Erkrankungen bilden Fallbeschreibungen oft die einzige Datengrundlage für klinische Entscheidungen. Das Carmi Syndrom ist eine seltene Kombination von Epidermolysis bullosa und Pylorusatresie. Während der Betreuung einer betroffenen Patientin fielen unterschiedliche Wahrnehmungen über die publizierten Mortalitätsraten auf. Daraufhin wurde die Hypothese untersucht, ob sich die kumulativen Mortalitätsraten von Einzelfallbeschreibungen und Mehrfachfallbeschreibungen unterscheiden, um so eine mögliche Verzerrung der Prognose in ihren Auswirkungen auf klinische und ethische Einschätzungen des Falls zu überprüfen.Ein Mädchen wurde in der Schwangerschaftswoche 33 mit Carmi Syndrom geboren. Zusammen mit dem klinischen Ethikkomitee wurden Behandlungsoptionen diskutiert, einschließlich einer palliativen Behandlung oder einer operativen Gastrojejunostomie. Da etwa ein Drittel der in Fallbeschreibungen publizierten Kinder nach einer Operation überlebten, entschieden wir uns auch vor dem Hintergrund unsicherer Prognosen für das chirurgische Vorgehen. Die Patientin starb 4 Wochen später nach multiplen Komplikationen.Die Datenbank PubMed wurde nach Publikationen über Carmi Syndrom durchsucht. Das Outcome von Einzelfallbeschreibungen wurde mit dem von Mehrfachfallbeschreibungen verglichen.Insgesamt wurden 102 Fälle von Carmi Syndrom identifiziert. Die Mortalität bei Einzelfallbeschreibungen belief sich auf 17 von 27 Fällen (63 %), während 62 von 74 Patienten von Mehrfachfallbeschreibungen starben (84 %, p = 0,036).Beim Carmi Syndrom unterscheidet sich die publizierte Mortalität zwischen Einfach- und Mehrfachfallbeschreibungen, möglicherweise aufgrund einer Kombination von Selektions- und Publikationsbias. Die Unterschätzung der tatsächlichen Mortalitätsrate kann zu unangebracht intensiven Therapieansätzen führen. Kliniker und Ethiker sollten daher vorsichtig sein, ihre Entscheidungen bei seltenen oder neuartigen Erkrankungen auf kumulative Erfahrungen von Fallbeschreibungen, insbesondere von Einzelfallbeschreibungen, zu basieren, die positive Verläufe von Behandlungen zu betonen scheinen.
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Mylonas KS, Hayes M, Ko LN, Griggs CL, Kroshinsky D, Masiakos PT. Clinical outcomes and molecular profile of patients with Carmi syndrome: A systematic review and evidence quality assessment. J Pediatr Surg 2019; 54:1351-1358. [PMID: 29935895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Carmi syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) and pyloric atresia (PA). We reviewed the clinicopathologic and molecular features of patients with Carmi syndrome to identify predictors of clinical outcome and guide surgical PA repair. METHODS A PRISMA-compliant systematic literature review of PubMed, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library was performed. RESULTS 63 original studies including a total of 100 patients were included. PA type 1 and 2 were equally prevalent (47.2%, 95% CI: 34.4-60.3). Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty (96%, 95% CI: 78.8-99) and gastroduodenostomy (72%, 95% CI: 52.2-85.9) were the most common type 1 and 2 PA repairs, respectively. Seventy lethal cases were identified (74.5%, 95% CI: 64.8-83.5). Of the 73 patients that received an operation, 49 died (67.1%, 95% CI: 55.7-76.8) and 24 survived (32.9%, 95% CI: 23.2-44.3). Integrin α6β4 expression was absent or markedly reduced in lethal cases. Integrin α6, plectin-1, cephalic integrin β4 (exon 3 to intron 11), and premature termination codon mutations were also associated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Although Carmi syndrome typically has poor prognosis, 1 in 4 patients exhibits nonlethal phenotypes. Immunofluorescence mapping and genetic consultation can guide surgical intervention and provide valuable family planning information. EVIDENCE RATING/CLASSIFICATION Prognosis study, Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos S Mylonas
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Meaghan Hayes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren N Ko
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cornelia L Griggs
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniela Kroshinsky
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter T Masiakos
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Chong SC, Hon KL, Yuen LYP, Choi PCL, Ng WGG, Chiu TW. Neonatal epidermolysis bullosa: lessons to learn about genetic counseling. J DERMATOL TREAT 2018; 32:29-32. [PMID: 30280950 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2018.1527999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB) is a heterogeneous group of congenital blistering diseases that usually presents in the neonatal period. EB is classified into three major categories, each with many subtypes based on the precise location at which separation or blistering occurs, namely epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS), junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) and dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB). METHODS We describe genetics of neonatal EB in Hong Kong. RESULTS Two neonates of consanguineous Pakistani parents had the EB-Pyloric Atresia (EB-PA) variant. One had a 4 kb homozygous deletion of exon 19-25 of the ITGB4 gene, and the other with only a histopathological diagnosis. Both died of sepsis in infancy. Aberrant COL7A1 mutations in the dominant and recessive EB were described. Genetic analysis, together with histopathological classification is important to aid prognosis and counseling. JEB and EB-PA are associated with consanguinity and mortality during infancy. Morbidity and prognosis of the autosomal dominant DEB are optimistic. The autosomal recessive DEB is more severe, with neonatal onset and recurrent blistering. It is also associated with chronicity and malignant changes when the child reaches adulthood. CONCLUSION Exact genetic diagnosis aids in counseling of the family concerning the prognosis in the affected child and the risk of affected children in future pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuk Ching Chong
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong kong.,The Chinese University of Hong Kong - Baylor College of Medicine Joint Center for Medical Genetics, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Kam Lun Hon
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong kong
| | - Liz Y P Yuen
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Paul Cheung Lung Choi
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - W G Gigi Ng
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong kong
| | - Tor W Chiu
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong - Baylor College of Medicine Joint Center for Medical Genetics, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Division of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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