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Becker SL, Boyd C, Handley JM, Raymond B, Reisinger R, Ropert-Coudert Y, Apelgren N, Davies TE, Lea MA, Santos M, Trathan PN, Van de Putte AP, Huckstadt LA, Charrassin JB, Brooks CM. Scaling up ocean conservation through recognition of key biodiversity areas in the Southern Ocean from multispecies tracking data. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024:e14345. [PMID: 39145654 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Biodiversity is critical for maintaining ecosystem function but is threatened by increasing anthropogenic pressures. In the Southern Ocean, a highly biologically productive region containing many endemic species, proactive management is urgently needed to mitigate increasing pressures from fishing, climate change, and tourism. Site-based conservation is one important tool for managing the negative impacts of human activities on ecosystems. The Key Biodiversity Area (KBA) Standard is a standardized framework used to define sites vital for the persistence of global biodiversity based on criteria and quantitative thresholds. We used tracking data from 14 species of Antarctic and subantarctic seabirds and pinnipeds from the publicly available Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking Data (RAATD) data set to define KBAs for a diverse suite of marine predators. We used track2kba, an R package that supports identification of KBAs from telemetry data through identification of highly used habitat areas and estimates of local abundance within sites. We compared abundance estimates at each site with thresholds for KBA criteria A1, B1, and D1 (related to globally threatened species, individual geographically restricted species, and demographic aggregations, respectively). We identified 30 potential KBAs for 13 species distributed throughout the Southern Ocean that were vital for each individual species, population, and life-history stage for which they were determined. These areas were identified as highly used by these populations based on observational data and complement the ongoing habitat modeling and bioregionalization work that has been used to prioritize conservation areas in this region. Although further work is needed to identify potential KBAs based on additional current and future data sets, we highlight the benefits of utilizing KBAs as part of a holistic approach to marine conservation, given their significant value as a global conservation tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Becker
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science (CIRES), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Charlotte Boyd
- Conservation International, Africa Field Division, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Ben Raymond
- Integrated Digital East Antarctica Program, Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ryan Reisinger
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Yan Ropert-Coudert
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé- CNRS, UMR 7372, La Rochelle Université, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Nora Apelgren
- School of Professional Studies, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tammy E Davies
- BirdLife International, The David Attenborough Building, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mary-Anne Lea
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Australian Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Philip N Trathan
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anton P Van de Putte
- Biodiversity and Ecosystems Data and Information Centre, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
- Marine Biology Lab, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luis A Huckstadt
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Jean-Benoit Charrassin
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat: Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), UMR 7159 Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Cassandra M Brooks
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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2
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Zhang W, Sun H, Su R, Wang S. Fat rather than health - Ecotoxic responses of Bufo raddei to environmental heavy metal stress during the non-breeding season. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 244:114040. [PMID: 36055043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The non-breeding season is a critical period for iteroparous animals to repair damage and store energy, which is crucial for future survival and reproductive success. However, it is unknown how animals allocate energy efficiently among reproduction, self-maintenance, and repair of oxidative damage caused by breeding during the non-breeding period, particularly under pollution. In the present study, the self-maintenance response and reproductive strategy of Bufo raddei to long-term environmental heavy metal stress was explored during the non-breeding season. Heavy metal enrichment level, organ coefficients, nutritional status, gonadal developmental level, oxidation level, and the immune status of B. raddei during the non-breeding season were tested, energy allocation preferences and energy consumption costs were analyzed. The results revealed significant heavy metal accumulation through biomagnification in the organs of B. raddei from the polluted area. Under long-term environmental heavy metal pollution, the energy investment by B. raddei for growth and energy storage was higher than that for health-maintenance during the early life cycle stage. The energy inputted for immune and antioxidant functions was significantly lower, and the energy inputted for self-maintenance during the early life stage was significantly higher than that during the late stage. B. raddei from a heavy metal polluted area spent more energy consumption cost on immunity and oxidative stress, but suffered higher oxidative stress and lower immune status. Moreover, the reproductive input of individuals in a heavy metal polluted area was generally low during the non-breeding season, and the energy input for reproduction limited the energy input for self-maintenance in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Hao Sun
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rui Su
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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3
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Important marine areas for endangered African penguins before and after the crucial stage of moulting. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9489. [PMID: 35676286 PMCID: PMC9177839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12969-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The population of the Endangered African penguin Spheniscus demersus has decreased by > 65% in the last 20 years. A major driver of this decrease has been the reduced availability of their principal prey, sardine Sardinops sagax and anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus. To date, conservation efforts to improve prey availability have focused on spatial management strategies to reduce resource competition with purse-seine fisheries during the breeding season. However, penguins also undergo an annual catastrophic moult when they are unable to feed for several weeks. Before moulting they must accumulate sufficient energy stores to survive this critical life-history stage. Using GPS tracking data collected between 2012 and 2019, we identify important foraging areas for pre- and post-moult African penguins at three of their major colonies in South Africa: Dassen Island and Stony Point (Western Cape) and Bird Island (Eastern Cape). The foraging ranges of pre- and post-moult adult African penguins (c. 600 km from colony) was far greater than that previously observed for breeding penguins (c. 50 km from colony) and varied considerably between sites, years and pre- and post-moult stages. Despite their more extensive range during the non-breeding season, waters within 20 and 50 km of their breeding colonies were used intensively and represent important foraging areas to pre- and post-moult penguins. Furthermore, penguins in the Western Cape travelled significantly further than those in the Eastern Cape which is likely a reflection of the poor prey availability along the west coast of South Africa. Our findings identify important marine areas for pre- and post-moult African penguins and support for the expansion of fisheries-related spatio-temporal management strategies to help conserve African penguins outside the breeding season.
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Liu J, Lei W, Mo X, Hassell CJ, Zhang Z, Coulson T. Unravelling processes between phenotypic plasticity and population dynamics in migratory birds. J Anim Ecol 2022; 91:983-995. [PMID: 35274297 PMCID: PMC9314967 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Populations can rapidly respond to environmental change via adaptive phenotypic plasticity, which can also modify interactions between individuals and their environment, affecting population dynamics. Bird migration is a highly plastic resource‐tracking tactic in seasonal environments. However, the link between the population dynamics of migratory birds and migration tactic plasticity is not well‐understood. The quality of staging habitats affects individuals' migration timing and energy budgets in the course of migration and can consequently affect individuals' breeding and overwintering performance, and impact population dynamics. Given staging habitats being lost in many parts of the world, our goal is to investigate responses of individual migration tactics and population dynamics in the face of loss of staging habitat and to identify the key processes connecting them. We started by constructing and analysing a general full‐annual‐cycle individual‐based model with a stylized migratory population to generate hypotheses on how changes in the size of staging habitat might drive changes in individual stopover duration and population dynamics. Next, through the interrogation of survey data, we tested these hypotheses by analysing population trends and stopover duration of migratory waterbirds experiencing the loss of staging habitat. Our modelling exercise led to us posing the following hypotheses: the loss of staging habitat generates plasticity in migration tactics, with individuals remaining on the staging habitat for longer to obtain food due to a reduction in per capita food availability. The subsequent increasing population density on the staging habitat has knock‐on effects on population dynamics in the breeding and overwintering stage. Our empirical results were consistent with the modelling predictions. Our results demonstrate how environmental change that impacts one energetically costly life‐history stage in migratory birds can have population dynamic impacts across the entire annual cycle via phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Weipan Lei
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunqiang Mo
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Zhengwang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Tim Coulson
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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5
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Wood MJ, Canonne C, Besnard A, Lachish S, Fairhurst SM, Liedvogel M, Boyle D, Patrick SC, Josey S, Kirk H, Dean B, Guilford T, McCleery RM, Perrins CM, Horswill C. Demographic profiles and environmental drivers of variation relate to individual breeding state in a long-lived trans-oceanic migratory seabird, the Manx shearwater. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260812. [PMID: 34914747 PMCID: PMC8675709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the points in a species breeding cycle when they are most vulnerable to environmental fluctuations is key to understanding interannual demography and guiding effective conservation and management. Seabirds represent one of the most threatened groups of birds in the world, and climate change and severe weather is a prominent and increasing threat to this group. We used a multi-state capture-recapture model to examine how the demographic rates of a long-lived trans-oceanic migrant seabird, the Manx shearwater Puffinus puffinus, are influenced by environmental conditions experienced at different stages of the annual breeding cycle and whether these relationships vary with an individual's breeding state in the previous year (i.e., successful breeder, failed breeder and non-breeder). Our results imply that populations of Manx shearwaters are comprised of individuals with different demographic profiles, whereby more successful reproduction is associated with higher rates of survival and breeding propensity. However, we found that all birds experienced the same negative relationship between rates of survival and wind force during the breeding season, indicating a cost of reproduction (or central place constraint for non-breeders) during years with severe weather conditions. We also found that environmental effects differentially influence the breeding propensity of individuals in different breeding states. This suggests individual spatio-temporal variation in habitat use during the annual cycle, such that climate change could alter the frequency that individuals with different demographic profiles breed thereby driving a complex and less predictable population response. More broadly, our study highlights the importance of considering individual-level factors when examining population demography and predicting how species may respond to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt J. Wood
- School of Natural & Social Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Coline Canonne
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE-PSL University, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Aurélien Besnard
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE-PSL University, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Shelly Lachish
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stace M. Fairhurst
- School of Natural & Social Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam Liedvogel
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dave Boyle
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha C. Patrick
- School of Natural & Social Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Josey
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Kirk
- Oxford Navigation Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Dean
- Oxford Navigation Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Guilford
- Oxford Navigation Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robin M. McCleery
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chris M. Perrins
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cat Horswill
- ZSL Institute of Zoology, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environmental Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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6
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Patrick SC, Martin JGA, Ummenhofer CC, Corbeau A, Weimerskirch H. Albatrosses respond adaptively to climate variability by changing variance in a foraging trait. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4564-4574. [PMID: 34089551 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability of individuals and populations to adapt to a changing climate is a key determinant of population dynamics. While changes in mean behaviour are well studied, changes in trait variance have been largely ignored, despite being assumed to be crucial for adapting to a changing environment. As the ability to acquire resources is essential to both reproduction and survival, changes in behaviours that maximize resource acquisition should be under selection. Here, using foraging trip duration data collected over 7 years on black-browed albatrosses (Thalassarche melanophris) on the Kerguelen Islands in the southern Indian Ocean, we examined the importance of changes in the mean and variance in foraging behaviour, and the associated effects on fitness, in response to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Using double hierarchical models, we found no evidence that individuals change their mean foraging trip duration in response to a changing environment, but found strong evidence of changes in variance. Younger birds showed greater variability in foraging trip duration in poor conditions as did birds with higher fitness. However, during brooding, birds showed greater variability in foraging behaviour under good conditions, suggesting that optimal conditions allow the alteration between chick provisioning and self-maintenance trips. We found weak correlations between sea surface temperature and the ENSO, but stronger links with sea-level pressure. We suggest that variability in behavioural traits affecting resource acquisition is under selection and offers a mechanism by which individuals can adapt to a changing climate. Studies which look only at effects on mean behaviour may underestimate the effects of climate change and fail to consider variance in traits as a key evolutionary force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C Patrick
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Caroline C Ummenhofer
- Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Alexandre Corbeau
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS - La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Henri Weimerskirch
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS - La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, France
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7
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Sauser C, Delord K, Barbraud C. Demographic sensitivity to environmental forcings: a multi‐trait, multi‐colony approach. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Sauser
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372, CNRS Villiers en Bois France
| | - Karine Delord
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372, CNRS Villiers en Bois France
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8
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Harris SM, Descamps S, Sneddon LU, Cairo M, Bertrand P, Patrick SC. Personality-specific carry-over effects on breeding. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20202381. [PMID: 33290675 PMCID: PMC7739942 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carry-over effects describe the phenomenon whereby an animal's previous conditions influence its subsequent performance. Carry-over effects are unlikely to affect individuals uniformly, but the factors modulating their strength are poorly known. Variation in the strength of carry-over effects may reflect individual differences in pace-of-life: slow-paced, shyly behaved individuals are thought to favour an allocation to self-maintenance over current reproduction, compared to their fast-paced, boldly behaved conspecifics (the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis). Therefore, detectable carry-over effects on breeding should be weaker in bolder individuals, as they should maintain an allocation to reproduction irrespective of previous conditions, while shy individuals should experience stronger carry-over effects. We tested this prediction in black-legged kittiwakes breeding in Svalbard. Using miniature biologging devices, we measured non-breeding activity of kittiwakes and monitored their subsequent breeding performance. We report a number of negative carry-over effects of non-breeding activity on breeding, which were generally stronger in shyer individuals: more active winters were followed by later breeding phenology and poorer breeding performance in shy birds, but these effects were weaker or undetected in bolder individuals. Our study quantifies individual variability in the strength of carry-over effects on breeding and provides a mechanism explaining widespread differences in individual reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Harris
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, USA
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Lynne U. Sneddon
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Milena Cairo
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Philip Bertrand
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Biology and Centre for Northern Studies, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Canada
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9
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Patrick SC, Corbeau A, Réale D, Weimerskirch H. Coordination in parental effort decreases with age in a long‐lived seabird. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C. Patrick
- School of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Liverpool Nicholson Building, Brownlow Street Liverpool L69 3GP UK
| | - Alexandre Corbeau
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS – Univ. La Rochelle Villiers‐en‐Bois France
| | - Denis Réale
- UQAM Dept des Sciences Biologiques, Dept des Sciences Biologiques Montreal QC Canada
| | - Henri Weimerskirch
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS – Univ. La Rochelle Villiers‐en‐Bois France
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10
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Ponchon A, Cornulier T, Hedd A, Granadeiro JP, Catry P. Effect of breeding performance on the distribution and activity budgets of a predominantly resident population of black-browed albatrosses. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:8702-8713. [PMID: 31410273 PMCID: PMC6686306 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelagic seabirds breeding at high latitudes generally split their annual cycle between reproduction, migration, and wintering. During the breeding season, they are constrained in their foraging range due to reproduction while during winter months, and they often undertake long-distance migrations. Black-browed albatrosses (Thalassarche melanophris) nesting in the Falkland archipelago remain within 700 km from their breeding colonies all year-round and can therefore be considered as resident. Accordingly, at-sea activity patterns are expected to be adjusted to the absence of migration. Likewise, breeding performance is expected to affect foraging, flying, and floating activities, as failed individuals are relieved from reproduction earlier than successful ones. Using geolocators coupled with a saltwater immersion sensor, we detailed the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of at-sea activity budgets of successful and failed breeding black-browed albatrosses nesting in New Island, Falklands archipelago, over the breeding and subsequent nonbreeding season. The 90% monthly kernel distribution of failed and successful breeders suggested no spatial segregation. Both groups followed the same dynamics of foraging effort both during daylight and darkness all year, except during chick-rearing, when successful breeders foraged more intensively. Failed and successful breeders started decreasing flying activities during daylight at the same time, 2-3 weeks after hatching period, but failed breeders reached their maximum floating activity during late chick-rearing, 2 months before successful breeders. Moon cycle had a significant effect on activity budgets during darkness, with individuals generally more active during full moon. Our results highlight that successful breeders buffer potential reproductive costs during the nonbreeding season, and this provides a better understanding of how individuals adjust their spatial distribution and activity budgets according to their breeding performance in absence of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Ponchon
- MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences CentreISPA – Insituto UniversitárioLisboaPortugal
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | | | - April Hedd
- Psychology DepartmentMemorial University of NewfoundlandSt. John'sNewfoundland and LabradorCanada
- Environment and Climate Change CanadaMount PearlNewfoundland and LabradorCanada
| | - José Pedro Granadeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de CiênciasCESAM, Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Paulo Catry
- MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences CentreISPA – Insituto UniversitárioLisboaPortugal
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11
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Merkling T, Hatch SA, Leclaire S, Danchin E, Blanchard P. Offspring sex-ratio and environmental conditions in a seabird with sex-specific rearing costs: a long-term experimental approach. Evol Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-019-09983-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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12
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Pirotta E, Booth CG, Costa DP, Fleishman E, Kraus SD, Lusseau D, Moretti D, New LF, Schick RS, Schwarz LK, Simmons SE, Thomas L, Tyack PL, Weise MJ, Wells RS, Harwood J. Understanding the population consequences of disturbance. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:9934-9946. [PMID: 30386587 PMCID: PMC6202709 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Managing the nonlethal effects of disturbance on wildlife populations has been a long-term goal for decision makers, managers, and ecologists, and assessment of these effects is currently required by European Union and United States legislation. However, robust assessment of these effects is challenging. The management of human activities that have nonlethal effects on wildlife is a specific example of a fundamental ecological problem: how to understand the population-level consequences of changes in the behavior or physiology of individual animals that are caused by external stressors. In this study, we review recent applications of a conceptual framework for assessing and predicting these consequences for marine mammal populations. We explore the range of models that can be used to formalize the approach and we identify critical research gaps. We also provide a decision tree that can be used to select the most appropriate model structure given the available data. Synthesis and applications: The implementation of this framework has moved the focus of discussion of the management of nonlethal disturbances on marine mammal populations away from a rhetorical debate about defining negligible impact and toward a quantitative understanding of long-term population-level effects. Here we demonstrate the framework's general applicability to other marine and terrestrial systems and show how it can support integrated modeling of the proximate and ultimate mechanisms that regulate trait-mediated, indirect interactions in ecological communities, that is, the nonconsumptive effects of a predator or stressor on a species' behavior, physiology, or life history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Pirotta
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsWashington State UniversityVancouverWashington
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | | | - Daniel P. Costa
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCalifornia
| | - Erica Fleishman
- Department of Environmental Science and PolicyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColorado
| | - Scott D. Kraus
- Anderson‐Cabot Center for Ocean LifeNew England AquariumBostonMassachusetts
| | - David Lusseau
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | | | - Leslie F. New
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsWashington State UniversityVancouverWashington
| | - Robert S. Schick
- Duke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental ModellingUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK
| | - Lisa K. Schwarz
- Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCalifornia
| | | | - Len Thomas
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental ModellingUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK
| | - Peter L. Tyack
- Sea Mammal Research UnitScottish Oceans InstituteSchool of BiologyUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK
| | - Michael J. Weise
- Office of Naval ResearchMarine Mammal & Biology ProgramArlingtonVirginia
| | - Randall S. Wells
- Chicago Zoological Society's Sarasota Dolphin Research Programc/o Mote Marine LaboratorySarasotaFlorida
| | - John Harwood
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental ModellingUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK
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Jenouvrier S, Desprez M, Fay R, Barbraud C, Weimerskirch H, Delord K, Caswell H. Climate change and functional traits affect population dynamics of a long‐lived seabird. J Anim Ecol 2018; 87:906-920. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Jenouvrier
- Biology Department, MS‐50 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA USA
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372 CNRS University of La Rochelle Villiers en Bois France
| | - Marine Desprez
- Biology Department, MS‐50 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA USA
| | - Remi Fay
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372 CNRS University of La Rochelle Villiers en Bois France
- Swiss Ornithological Institute Sempach Switzerland
| | - Christophe Barbraud
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372 CNRS University of La Rochelle Villiers en Bois France
| | - Henri Weimerskirch
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372 CNRS University of La Rochelle Villiers en Bois France
| | - Karine Delord
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372 CNRS University of La Rochelle Villiers en Bois France
| | - Hal Caswell
- Biology Department, MS‐50 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA USA
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
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Desprez M, Jenouvrier S, Barbraud C, Delord K, Weimerskirch H. Linking oceanographic conditions, migratory schedules and foraging behaviour during the non‐breeding season to reproductive performance in a long‐lived seabird. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Desprez
- Biology Department MS‐50 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole Massachusetts
| | - Stéphanie Jenouvrier
- Biology Department MS‐50 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole Massachusetts
| | - Christophe Barbraud
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372 CNRS/Université La Rochelle Villiers en Bois France
| | - Karine Delord
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372 CNRS/Université La Rochelle Villiers en Bois France
| | - Henri Weimerskirch
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372 CNRS/Université La Rochelle Villiers en Bois France
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