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Lee SY, Wu ST, Du CX, Ku HC. Potential Role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 in Regulating Mitochondria and Oxidative Stress in Cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:1090-1104. [PMID: 38955919 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09884-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress causes mitochondrial damage and bioenergetic dysfunction and inhibits adenosine triphosphate production, contributing to the pathogenesis of cardiac diseases. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is primarily a membrane-bound extracellular peptidase that cleaves Xaa-Pro or Xaa-Ala dipeptides from the N terminus of polypeptides. DPP4 inhibitors have been used in patients with diabetes and heart failure; however, they have led to inconsistent results. Although the enzymatic properties of DPP4 have been well studied, the substrate-independent functions of DPP4 have not. In the present study, we knocked down DPP4 in cultured cardiomyocytes to exclude the effects of differential alteration in the substrates and metabolites of DPP4 then compared the response between the knocked-down and wild-type cardiomyocytes during exposure to oxidative stress. H2O2 exposure induced DPP4 expression in both types of cardiomyocytes. However, knocking down DPP4 substantially reduced the loss of cell viability by preserving mitochondrial bioenergy, reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species production, and reducing apoptosis-associated protein expression. These findings demonstrate that inhibiting DPP4 improves the body's defense against oxidative stress by enhancing Nrf2 and PGC-1α signaling and increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. Our results indicate that DPP4 mediates the body's response to oxidative stress in individuals with heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yi Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Tung Wu
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, No.510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Xuan Du
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, No.510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Ku
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, No.510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan.
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Identification of two novel dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitory peptides from sheep whey protein and inhibition mechanism revealed by molecular docking. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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The anti-diabetic drug alogliptin induces vasorelaxation via activation of Kv channels and SERCA pumps. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 898:173991. [PMID: 33684451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the vasorelaxant effects of alogliptin, an oral antidiabetic drug in the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class, using phenylephrine (Phe)-induced pre-contracted aortic rings. Alogliptin induced vasorelaxation in a dose-dependent manner. Pre-treatment with the voltage-dependent K+ (Kv) channel inhibitor 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) significantly decreased the vasorelaxant effect of alogliptin, whereas pre-treatment with the inwardly rectifying K+ (Kir) channel inhibitor Ba2+, ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel inhibitor glibenclamide, and large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channel inhibitor paxilline did not alter the effects of alogliptin. Although pre-treatment with the Ca2+ channel inhibitor nifedipine did not affect the vasorelaxant effect of alogliptin, pre-treatment with the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pump inhibitors thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid effectively attenuated the vasorelaxant response of alogliptin. Neither cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG)-related signaling pathway inhibitors (guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ and PKG inhibitor KT 5823) nor cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)-related signaling pathway inhibitors (adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ 22536 and PKA inhibitor KT 5720) reduced the vasorelaxant effect of alogliptin. Similarly, the vasorelaxant effect of alogliptin was not changed by endothelium removal or pre-treatment with the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor L-NAME or the small- and intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SKCa and IKCa) channel inhibitors apamin and TRAM-34. Based on these results, we suggest that alogliptin induced vasorelaxation in rabbit aortic smooth muscle by activating Kv channels and the SERCA pump independent of other K+ channels, cGMP/PKG-related or cAMP/PKA-related signaling pathways, and the endothelium.
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Wu M, Li QQ, Zhang H, Zhu XX, Li XJ, Li Y, Sun HG, Ding YH. Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Daily Administration of Fotagliptin Benzoate for 14 Days for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2021; 10:660-668. [PMID: 33440080 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of fotagliptin benzoate (fotagliptin), a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study, 10 and 4 patients with T2DM were randomized and received, respectively, once-daily oral fotagliptin (24 mg) or placebo, for 14 days. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were assessed throughout the study, including monitoring DPP-4, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glycosylated hemoglobin, and fasting blood glucose. Fotagliptin was rapidly absorbed, and the median time to maximum concentration value was ∼1.5 hours. Plasma fotagliptin levels were stable after 14 days of once-daily dosage. The accumulation ratios for the area under the plasma concentration-time curve of fotagliptin, M1, and M2-1, were 1.19 ± 0.10, 1.59 ± 0.27, and 1.39 ± 0.26, respectively. The durations for DPP-4 inhibition >80% in the fotagliptin group on days 1 and 14 were 23.5 and 24.0 hours, respectively. The concentrations of GLP-1 were higher on days 1 and 14 than at the baseline. No serious complications occurred. Fotagliptin showed favorable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and was well tolerated. Treatment with fotagliptin can achieve high DPP-4 inhibition and increase plasma GLP-1. A once-per-day dosing regimen may be recommended as clinically efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qian-Qian Li
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Zhu
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Li
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Shenzhen Salubris Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Gang Sun
- Shenzhen Salubris Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Hua Ding
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Gao J, Gong H, Mao X. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitory Activity and Related Molecular Mechanism of Bovine α-Lactalbumin-Derived Peptides. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25133009. [PMID: 32630113 PMCID: PMC7412263 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Identifying DPP-IV inhibitory peptides from dietary protein has attracted increased attention. In the present study, bovine α-lactalbumin hydrolysates were generated by alcalase for various hydrolysis times, and DPP-IV inhibitory activity of these hydrolysates was determined. The 4 h hydrolysates displayed the most potent DPP-IV inhibitory activity, with DPP-IV inhibition rate of 82.30 ± 1.39% at concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. DPP-IV inhibitory peptides were isolated from the 4 h-hydrolysates with gel filtration chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI MS/MS), two DPP-IV inhibitory peptides were identified, and their amino acid sequences were Glu-Leu-Lys-Asp-Leu-Lys-Gly-Tyr (ELKDLKGY) and Ile-Leu-Asp-Lys-Val-Gly-Ile-Asn-Tyr (ILDKVGINY), respectively. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis showed that peptides ELKDLKGY and ILDKVGINY could form hydrogen bonds, pi-cation interactions, and salt bridges with DPP-IV. These findings indicated that bovine α-lactalbumin may be a potential source of natural DPP-IV inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Han Gong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Xueying Mao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62738684
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Hardwick RN, Betts CJ, Whritenour J, Sura R, Thamsen M, Kaufman EH, Fabre K. Drug-induced skin toxicity: gaps in preclinical testing cascade as opportunities for complex in vitro models and assays. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:199-214. [PMID: 31598618 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00519f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the body and serves as the principle barrier to the environment. Composed of multiple cell types arranged in stratified layers with highly specialized appendages, it serves sensory and immune surveillance roles in addition to its primary mechanical function. Several complex in vitro models of skin (i.e. microphysiological systems (MPS) including but not limited to 3D tissues, organ-on-a-chip, organoids), have been developed and assays validated for regulatory purposes. As such, skin is arguably the most advanced organ with respect to model development and adoption across industries including chemical, cosmetic, and to a somewhat lesser extent, pharmaceutical. Early adoption of complex skin models and associated assays for assessment of irritation and corrosion spurred research into other areas such as sensitization, absorption, phototoxicity, and genotoxicity. Despite such considerable advancements, opportunities remain for immune capabilities, inclusion of appendages such as hair follicles, fluidics, and innervation, among others. Herein, we provide an overview of current complex skin model capabilities and limitations within the drug development scheme, and recommendations for future model development and assay qualification and/or validation with the intent to facilitate wider adoption of use within the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon N Hardwick
- Translational Safety Sciences, Theravance Biopharma, US, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Catherine J Betts
- Pathology Sciences, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jessica Whritenour
- Pfizer, Inc., Drug Safety Research and Development, Eastern Point Rd, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | | | - Maike Thamsen
- Pharmacology, Theravance Biopharma, US, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elad H Kaufman
- Biology, Theravance Biopharma, US, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristin Fabre
- MPS Center of Excellence, Drug Safety & Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, USA
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Surendran S, Sapkal R, Paul D, Nanjappan S. Effect of resveratrol on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors pharmacokinetics: An in vitro and in vivo approach. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 315:108909. [PMID: 31786186 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder with hyperglycemia being its hallmark symptom. The secondary symptom of DM is oxidative stress, which leads to the generation of free radicals. Diabetic nephropathy and neuropathy is the long-term effect of oxidative stress caused in DM, which leads to damage of kidneys and neurons respectively. Resveratrol (RES) is a phytochemical, found to be effective in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy and neuropathy. Due to its antioxidant property, it reduces the oxidative stress caused by DM. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are used for the treatment of type 2 DM. In vitro and in vivo data depicted that the metabolism of alogliptin (ALO), saxagliptin (SAX) and sitagliptin (SIT) were decreased in presence of RES while metabolism of teneligliptin (TEN) was not affected in presence of RES. The results show that the alteration of the pharmacokinetics of ALO, SAX and SIT was due to inhibition of CYP P450 by RES. Thus, there was a significant pharmacokinetic interaction between RES-ALO, RES-SAX and RES-SIT. Hence, a dose reduction is required when RES therapy is taken in combination with ALO, SAX and SIT as there is an increase in drug exposure, which might lead to toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Surendran
- Drug Metabolism and Interactions Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Rekha Sapkal
- Drug Metabolism and Interactions Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - David Paul
- Drug Metabolism and Interactions Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Satheeshkumar Nanjappan
- Drug Metabolism and Interactions Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
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Hu J, Yang C, Wang H, Li J, Tan X, Wang J, Zhang B, Zhao Y. An up-to-date evaluation of alogliptin benzoate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:1679-1687. [PMID: 31335214 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1645124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: A growth in the market for anti-diabetic drugs, along with an ever-increasing population suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), requires a critical re-evaluation of anti-diabetic drugs used for a long time, in order to provide up-to-date practical prescribing information for clinicians. Alogliptin benzoate was firstly approved in 2010 in Japan for T2DM, both as a monotherapy or in combination with other anti-diabetic drugs. Areas covered: This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest data on alogliptin benzoate, including hypoglycemic activity and safety. Expert opinion: The cumulative evidence for alogliptin benzoate is robust with regards to glycemic efficacy and safety. Low hypoglycemia risks and weight changes support its consideration as a first-line medication for T2DM, either as a monotherapy or in combination therapy with other anti-diabetic drugs such as metformin. Ongoing trials will look to better analyze and address its safety and efficacy in pediatric patients and expand our clinical knowledge of this medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Hu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University , Ningbo , China
| | - Chunlin Yang
- Department of pharmacy, Ningbo University affiliated Yangming Hospital , Yuyao , China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of pharmacy, Ningbo University affiliated Yangming Hospital , Yuyao , China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of pharmacy, Ningbo University affiliated Yangming Hospital , Yuyao , China
| | - Xueying Tan
- College of pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College , Ningbo , China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University , Ningbo , China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University , Ningbo , China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University , Ningbo , China
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Rameshrad M, Razavi BM, Ferns GAA, Hosseinzadeh H. Pharmacology of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and its use in the management of metabolic syndrome: a comprehensive review on drug repositioning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 27:341-360. [PMID: 30674032 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-019-00238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite advances in our understanding of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the treatment of each of its components separately, currently there is no single therapy approved to manage it as a single condition. Since multi-drug treatment increases drug interactions, decreases patient compliance and increases health costs, it is important to introduce single therapies that improve all of the MetS components. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We conducted a PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, US FDA, utdo.ir and clinicaltrial.gov search, gathered the most relevant preclinical and clinical studies that have been published since 2010, and discussed the beneficial effects of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors to prevent and treat different constituent of the MetS as a single therapy. Furthermore, the pharmacology of DPP-4 inhibitors, focusing on pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions and their side effects are also reviewed. RESULTS DPP-4 inhibitors or gliptins are a new class of oral anti-diabetic drugs that seem safe drugs with no severe side effects, commonly GI disturbance, infection and inflammatory bowel disease. They increase mass and function of pancreatic β-cells, and insulin sensitivity in liver, muscle and adipose tissue. It has been noted that gliptin therapy decreases dyslipidemia. DPP-4 inhibitors increase fatty oxidation, and cholesterol efflux, and decrease hepatic triglyceride synthase and de novo lipogenesis. They delay gastric emptying time and lead to satiety. Besides, gliptin therapy has anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic impacts, and improves endothelial function and reduces vascular stiffness. CONCLUSION The gathered data prove the efficacy of DPP-4 inhibitors in managing MetS in some levels beyond anti-diabetic effects. This review could be a lead for designing new DPP-4 inhibitors with greatest effects on MetS in future. Introducing drugs with polypharmacologic effects could increase the patient's compliance and decrease the health cost that there is not in multi-drug therapy. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rameshrad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Department of Medical Education, Mayfield House, Falmer, Brighton, West Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Lamie NT, Mahrouse MA. Smart spectrophotometric methods based on normalized spectra for simultaneous determination of alogliptin and metformin in their combined tablets. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 204:743-747. [PMID: 29990880 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Alogliptin (ALO) and metformin (MET) are coformulated for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. ALO is estimated at its λmax 277 nm (0D), while MET was determined accurately by four spectrophotometric methods with minimum manipulation steps based on normalized division spectrum namely; ratio difference, advanced amplitude modulation, first derivative ratio (1DD) and mean centering of the ratio spectra spectrophotometric methods. Linearity was acceptable over the concentration ranges of 5-40 and 2-16 μg/mL for ALO and MET, respectively. Accuracy and precision of the suggested methods were found to be within the acceptable limit. The specificity was inspected by analyzing laboratory prepared mixtures of the above drugs and their pharmaceutical preparation. The results of proposed and reported methods were statistically compared showing no significant difference regarding accuracy and precision. The developed methods could be applied for routine analysis of the cited drugs in quality control laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine T Lamie
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, ET 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Marianne A Mahrouse
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, ET 11562, Cairo, Egypt
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Cicardi M, Zuraw BL. Angioedema Due to Bradykinin Dysregulation. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2018; 6:1132-1141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zaghary WA, Mowaka S, Hassan MA, Ayoub BM. Comparative study between different simple methods manipulating ratio spectra for the analysis of alogliptin and metformin co-formulated with highly different concentrations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 186:23-28. [PMID: 28601548 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Different simple spectrophotometric methods were developed for simultaneous determination of alogliptin and metformin manipulating their ratio spectra with successful application on recently approved combination, Kazano® tablets. Spiking was implemented to detect alogliptin in spite of its low contribution in the pharmaceutical formulation as low quantity in comparison to metformin. Linearity was acceptable over the concentration range of 2.5-25.0μg/mL and 2.5-15.0μg/mL for alogliptin and metformin, respectively using derivative ratio, ratio subtraction coupled with extended ratio subtraction and spectrum subtraction coupled with constant multiplication. The optimized methods were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and proved to be accurate for assay of the investigated drugs in their pharmaceutical dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa A Zaghary
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Shereen Mowaka
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt; Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Bassam M Ayoub
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt.
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Ruscica M, Baldessin L, Boccia D, Racagni G, Mitro N. Non-insulin anti-diabetic drugs: An update on pharmacological interactions. Pharmacol Res 2016; 115:14-24. [PMID: 27838511 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the goal in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains personalized control of glucose. Since less than 50% of patients with T2DM achieve glycemic treatment goal and most of them take medications for comorbidities associated to T2DM, drug interactions, namely pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions, may enhance or reduce the effect of compounds involved in hyperglycemia. Hence, clinicians should be aware of the severe complications in T2DM patients in case of a concomitant use of these medications. It is within this context that this review aims to evaluate the effect of a second drug on the pharmacokinetic of these compounds which may lead, along with several pharmacodynamic interactions, to severe clinical complications, i.e., hypoglycemia. Available drugs already approved in Europe, USA and Japan have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ruscica
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | - G Racagni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - N Mitro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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14
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Fisman EZ, Tenenbaum A. Antidiabetic treatment with gliptins: focus on cardiovascular effects and outcomes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:129. [PMID: 26415691 PMCID: PMC4587723 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional oral pharmacological therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been based on the prescription of metformin, a biguanide, as first line antihyperglycemic agent world over. It has been demonstrated that after 3 years of treatment, approximately 50 % of diabetic patients could achieve acceptable glucose levels with monotherapy; but by 9 years this had declined to only 25 %. Therefore, the implementation of a combined pharmacological therapy acting via different pathways becomes necessary, and its combination with a compound of the sulfonylurea group was along decades the most frequently employed prescription in routine clinical practice. Meglitinides, glitazones and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors were subsequently developed, but the five mentioned groups of oral antihyperglycemic agents are associated with variable degrees of undesirable or even severe cardiovascular events. The gliptins—also called dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors—are an additional group of antidiabetic compounds with increasing clinical use. We review the status of the gliptins with emphasis on their capabilities to positively or negatively affect the cardiovascular system, and their potential involvement in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Alogliptin, anagliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, teneligliptin and vildagliptin are the compounds currently in clinical use. Regardless differences in chemical structure and metabolic pathways, gliptins as a group exert favorable changes in experimental models. These changes, as an almost general rule, include improved endothelial function, reduction of inflammatory markers, oxidative stress ischemia/reperfusion injury and atherogenesis. In addition, increased adiponectin levels and modest decreases in lipidemia and blood pressure were reported. In clinical settings, several trials—notably the longer one, employing sitagliptin, with a mean follow-up period of 3 years—did not show an increased risk for ischemic events. Anyway, it should be emphasized that the encouraging results from basic science were not yet translated into clinical evidence, probably due the multiple and pleiotropic enzymatic effects of DPP4 inhibition. Moreover, when employing saxagliptin, while the drug was not associated with an augmented risk for ischemic events, it should be pinpointed that the rate of hospitalization for heart failure was significantly increased. Gliptins as a group constitute a widely accepted therapy for the management of T2DM, usually as a second-line medication. Nonetheless, for the time being, a definite relationship between gliptins treatment and improved cardiovascular outcomes remains uncertain and needs yet to be proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Z Fisman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Cardiovascular Diabetology Research Foundation, 58484, Holon, Israel.
| | - Alexander Tenenbaum
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Cardiovascular Diabetology Research Foundation, 58484, Holon, Israel. .,Cardiac Rehabilitation Institute, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
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