1
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Tran CS, Kersten J, Yan J, Breinig M, Huth T, Poth T, Colasanti O, Riedl T, Faure-Dupuy S, Diehl S, Verhoye L, Li TF, Lingemann M, Schult P, Ahlén G, Frelin L, Kühnel F, Vondran FWR, Breuhahn K, Meuleman P, Heikenwälder M, Schirmacher P, Bartenschlager R, Laketa V, Roessler S, Tschaharganeh DF, Sällberg M, Lohmann V. Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase III Alpha Governs Cytoskeletal Organization for Invasiveness of Liver Cancer Cells. Gastroenterology 2024; 167:522-537. [PMID: 38636680 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS High expression of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III alpha (PI4KIIIα) correlates with poor survival rates in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections activate PI4KIIIα and contribute to hepatocellular carcinoma progression. We aimed at mechanistically understanding the impact of PI4KIIIα on the progression of liver cancer and the potential contribution of HCV in this process. METHODS Several hepatic cell culture and mouse models were used to study the functional importance of PI4KIIIα on liver pathogenesis. Antibody arrays, gene silencing, and PI4KIIIα-specific inhibitor were applied to identify the involved signaling pathways. The contribution of HCV was examined by using HCV infection or overexpression of its nonstructural protein. RESULTS High PI4KIIIα expression and/or activity induced cytoskeletal rearrangements via increased phosphorylation of paxillin and cofilin. This led to morphologic alterations and higher migratory and invasive properties of liver cancer cells. We further identified the liver-specific lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase C2 domain-containing subunit gamma (PIK3C2γ) working downstream of PI4KIIIα in regulation of the cytoskeleton. PIK3C2γ generates plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate-enriched, invadopodia-like structures that regulate cytoskeletal reorganization by promoting Akt2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS PI4KIIIα regulates cytoskeleton organization via PIK3C2γ/Akt2/paxillin-cofilin to favor migration and invasion of liver cancer cells. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the contribution of PI4KIIIα and HCV to the progression of liver cancer and identify promising targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Si Tran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Section Virus-Host Interactions, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Kersten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Section Virus-Host Interactions, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jingyi Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Marco Breinig
- Helmholtz-University Group "Cell Plasticity and Epigenetic Remodeling", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorben Huth
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Poth
- Center for Model System and Comparative Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ombretta Colasanti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Section Virus-Host Interactions, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Riedl
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Suzanne Faure-Dupuy
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Stefan Diehl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Section Virus-Host Interactions, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lieven Verhoye
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Teng-Feng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Section Virus-Host Interactions, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marit Lingemann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Section Virus-Host Interactions, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Schult
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Section Virus-Host Interactions, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gustaf Ahlén
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lars Frelin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Florian Kühnel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectiology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian W R Vondran
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai Breuhahn
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philip Meuleman
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathias Heikenwälder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; The M3 Research Institute, Medical Faculty Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- DZIF, Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vibor Laketa
- DZIF, Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Roessler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Darjus Felix Tschaharganeh
- Helmholtz-University Group "Cell Plasticity and Epigenetic Remodeling", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matti Sällberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Volker Lohmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Section Virus-Host Interactions, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; DZIF, Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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2
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Tahergorabi Z, Lotfi H, Rezaei M, Aftabi M, Moodi M. Crosstalk between obesity and cancer: a role for adipokines. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:155-168. [PMID: 34644215 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1988110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a complex organ that is increasingly being recognised as the largest endocrine organ in the body. Adipocytes among multiple cell types of adipose tissue can secrete a variety of adipokines, which are involved in signalling pathways and these can be changed by obesity and cancer. There are proposed mechanisms to link obesity/adiposity to cancer development including adipocytokine dysregulation. Among these adipokines, leptin acts through multiple pathways including the STAT3, MAPK, and PI3K pathways involved in cell growth. Adiponectin has the opposite action from leptin in tumour growth partly because of increased apoptotic responses of p53 and Bax. Visfatin increases cancer cell proliferation through ERK1/2, PI3K/AKT, and p38 which are stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines. Omentin through the PI3K/Akt-Nos pathway is involved in cancer-tumour development. Apelin might be involved through angiogenesis in tumour progressions. PAI-1 via its anti-fibrinolytic activity on cell adhesion and uPA/uPAR activity influence cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Tahergorabi
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Department of Physiology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hamed Lotfi
- Khatamolanbia Hospital, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezaei
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Department of Internal Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Aftabi
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mitra Moodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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3
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Adipokines as Regulators of Autophagy in Obesity-Linked Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203230. [PMID: 36291097 PMCID: PMC9600294 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess body weight and obesity have become significant risk factors for cancer development. During obesity, adipose tissue alters its biological function, deregulating the secretion of bioactive factors such as hormones, cytokines, and adipokines that promote an inflammatory microenvironment conducive to carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Adipokines regulate tumor processes such as apoptosis, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and invasion. Additionally, it has been found that they can modulate autophagy, a process implicated in tumor suppression in healthy tissue and cancer progression in established tumors. Since the tumor-promoting role of autophagy has been well described, the process has been suggested as a therapeutic target in cancer. However, the effects of targeting autophagy might depend on the tumor type and microenvironmental conditions, where circulating adipokines could influence the role of autophagy in cancer. Here, we review recent evidence related to the role of adipokines in cancer cell autophagy in an effort to understand the tumor response in the context of obesity under the assumption of an autophagy-targeting treatment.
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4
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Li X, Li F. p21-Activated Kinase: Role in Gastrointestinal Cancer and Beyond. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194736. [PMID: 36230657 PMCID: PMC9563254 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastrointestinal tumors are the most common tumors with a high mortality rate worldwide. Numerous protein kinases have been studied in anticipation of finding viable tumor therapeutic targets, including PAK. PAK is a serine/threonine kinase that plays an important role in the malignant phenotype of tumors. The function of PAK in tumors is highlighted in cell proliferation, survival, motility, tumor cell plasticity and the tumor microenvironment, therefore providing a new possible target for clinical tumor therapy. Based on the current research works of PAK, we summarize and analyze the PAK features and signaling pathways in cells, especially the role of PAK in gastrointestinal tumors, thereby hoping to provide a theoretical basis for both the future studies of PAK and potential tumor therapeutic targets. Abstract Gastrointestinal tumors are the most common tumors, and they are leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, but their mechanisms are still unclear, which need to be clarified to discover therapeutic targets. p21-activating kinase (PAK), a serine/threonine kinase that is downstream of Rho GTPase, plays an important role in cellular signaling networks. According to the structural characteristics and activation mechanisms of them, PAKs are divided into two groups, both of which are involved in the biological processes that are critical to cells, including proliferation, migration, survival, transformation and metabolism. The biological functions of PAKs depend on a large number of interacting proteins and the signaling pathways they participate in. The role of PAKs in tumors is manifested in their abnormality and the consequential changes in the signaling pathways. Once they are overexpressed or overactivated, PAKs lead to tumorigenesis or a malignant phenotype, especially in tumor invasion and metastasis. Recently, the involvement of PAKs in cellular plasticity, stemness and the tumor microenvironment have attracted attention. Here, we summarize the biological characteristics and key signaling pathways of PAKs, and further analyze their mechanisms in gastrointestinal tumors and others, which will reveal new therapeutic targets and a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of gastrointestinal cancer.
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5
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Chen J, Li Z, Zhao Q, Chen L. Roles of apelin/APJ system in cancer: Biomarker, predictor, and emerging therapeutic target. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3734-3751. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of South China Hengyang Hunan China
| | - Zhiyue Li
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan Province China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of South China Hengyang Hunan China
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6
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Yang Y, Chen M, Qiu Y, Li X, Huang Y, Zhang W. The Apelin/APLNR system modulates tumor immune response by reshaping the tumor microenvironment. Gene X 2022; 834:146564. [PMID: 35598689 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous ligand of the Apelin receptor (APLNR), a seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor, which is widely distributed in human tissue. The Apelin/APLNR system is involved in regulating several physiological and pathological processes. The Apelin expression is increased in a variety of cancer and the Apelin/APLNR system could regulate the development of tumors through mediating autophagy, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and other biological processes to regulate tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The Apelin/APLNR system also participates in immune response and immune regulation through PI3K-Akt, ERK-MAPK, and other signal pathways. The latest research points out that there is a negative regulatory relationship between APLNR and immune checkpoint PD-L1. In this review, we outline the significance of the Apelin/APLNR signaling pathway in tumorigenesis and its immune regulation. These endeavors provide new insights into the translational application of Apelin/APLNR in cancer and may contribute to the promotion of more effective treatments for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Meilin Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Yanbing Qiu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Yumei Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Wenling Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China.
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7
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Apelin/APJ signaling activates autophagy to promote human lung adenocarcinoma cell migration. Life Sci 2021; 281:119763. [PMID: 34186050 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Beclin1(BECN1) is known as an autophagy-related protein and the expression is promoted by apelin in lung adenocarcinoma cells, suggesting that apelin activates autophagy in lung adenocarcinoma. However, the functions of apelin-induced autophagy in lung adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis and deterioration are still unknown. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effects of apelin-induced autophagy on lung adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis and deterioration. MAIN METHODS Protein expression of exogenous genes were detected by Western blotting analysis. Lung adenocarcinoma cell migration was assessed with cell migration assays. Autophagy was measured with quantification of GFP-LC3 or RFP-GFP-LC3 puncta using fluorescence microscopy in cells by an observed blinded to experimental condition and by western blot analysis of LC3 and p62 in cell lysates as well as autophagy flux. Immunofluorescence staining was performed in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells with p-cofilin antibody. The proteins expression in cancer specimens were examined with immunohistochemistry. KEY FINDINGS Here, we reveal that apelin induces autophagy activation in lung adenocarcinoma. Apelin/APJ regulates BECN1 transcription via HIF1A. Apelin/APJ-activated autophagy promotes lung adenocarcinoma cell migration. Moreover, treatment with autophagy inhibitors significantly decreases apelin/APJ-induced lung adenocarcinoma cell migration. Evaluation of patient samples of lung adenocarcinoma reveals an association between APJ with BECN1 expression and a poor prognosis. SIGNIFICANCE Our studies demonstrate that apelin-induced autophagy promotes lung adenocarcinoma cell migration which suggests a potential therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma.
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8
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Ran J, Li Y, Liu L, Zhu Y, Ni Y, Huang H, Liu Z, Miao Z, Zhang L. Apelin enhances biological functions in lung cancer A549 cells by downregulating exosomal miR-15a-5p. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:243-253. [PMID: 32808032 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Apelin acts as a tumor promoter in multiple malignant tumors; however, its regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Previous studies have indicated that exosomes are pivotal to mediating tumor progression and metastasis. This study examined whether apelin enhances proliferation and invasion ability of lung cancer cells via exosomal microRNA (miRNA). Lung cancer A549 cells overexpressing apelin and control vector were generated by lentiviral transfection. Exosomes were isolated from the culture supernatant of each cell group and characterized. A-exo and V-exo were, respectively, cocultured with A549 cells, and assays of proliferation, apoptosis, colony formation and invasion were conducted. Exosomal miRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) was performed on A-exo and V-exo to select a candidate miRNA. It was found that A549 cells absorbed more A-exo than V-exo, and A-exo could promote proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of A549 cells more than V-exo. Exosomal miRNA-seq data revealed that miR-15a-5p was markedly lower in A-exo compared with V-exo. Low expression of miR-15a-5p was also found in lung cancer tissues and cell lines, suggesting that miR-15a-5p may have an anti-tumor role. Overexpression of miR-15a-5p in A549 cells was associated with less cell proliferation, migration, invasion and suppressed cell cycle, and lower amounts of CDCA4 (cell division cycle-associated protein 4) indicated that it may be a potential target for miR-15a-5p. This study elucidated a novel regulatory mechanism that apelin may promote proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells by inhibiting miR-15a-5p encapsulated in exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ran
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.,Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Scientific Research Base, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yihan Zhu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yinyun Ni
- Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhiyong Miao
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.,Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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9
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Wang S, Gao G, He Y, Li Q, Li Z, Tong G. Amidation-Modified Apelin-13 Regulates PPAR γ and Perilipin to Inhibit Adipogenic Differentiation and Promote Lipolysis. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2021; 2021:3594630. [PMID: 34054938 PMCID: PMC8123992 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3594630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the adjustment of human diet and lifestyle changes, the prevalence of obesity is increasing year by year. Obesity is closely related to the excessive accumulation of white adipose tissue (WAT), which can synthesize and secrete a variety of adipokines. Apelin is a biologically active peptide in the adipokines family. Past studies have shown that apelin plays an important regulatory role in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of diseases such as the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, digestive system, nervous system, and endocrine system. Apelin is also closely related to diabetes and obesity. Therefore, we anticipate that apelin-13 has an effect on lipometabolism and intend to explore the effect of apelin-13 on lipometabolism at the cellular and animal levels. In in vitro experiments, amidation-modified apelin-13 can significantly reduce the lipid content; TG content; and the expression of PPARγ, perilipin mRNA, and protein in adipocytes. Animal experiments also show that amidation modification apelin-13 can improve the abnormal biochemical indicators of diet-induced obesity (DOI) rats and can reduce the average diameter of adipocytes in adipose tissue, the concentration of glycerol, and the expression of PPARγ and perilipin mRNA and protein. Our results show that apelin-13 can affect the metabolism of adipose tissue, inhibit adipogenic differentiation of adipocytes, promote lipolysis, and thereby improve obesity. The mechanism may be regulating the expression of PPARγ to inhibit adipogenic differentiation and regulating the expression of perilipin to promote lipolysis. This study helps us understand the role of apelin-13 in adipose tissue and provide a basis for the elucidation of the regulation mechanism of lipometabolism and the development of antiobesity drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China
| | - Guoying Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China
| | - Yiwei He
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China
| | - Zhan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China
| | - Guoxiang Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China
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10
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Aikemu B, Shao Y, Yang G, Ma J, Zhang S, Yang X, Hong H, Yesseyeva G, Huang L, Jia H, Wang C, Zang L, Sun J, Zheng M. NDRG1 regulates Filopodia-induced Colorectal Cancer invasiveness via modulating CDC42 activity. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1716-1730. [PMID: 33994856 PMCID: PMC8120473 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.56694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) has been identified as a putative metastasis suppressor gene and proved to be a key player in cancer spreading and proliferation in our previous work. However, the effects of NDRG1 on tumor invasion and the mechanisms behind it are rarely understood. Here we provided in silico evidence that NDRG1 plays a crucial role in actin reorganization in colorectal cancer (CRC). Through in vitro experiments, we next observed filopodia formation was altered in NDRG1-modified cell lines, while cell division cycle-42 (CDC42) displayed excessive activation in NDRG1-silenced cells. Mechanistically, NDRG1 loss disrupts the binding between RhoGDIα and CDC42 and triggers the activation of CDC42 and the downstream cascades PAK1/Cofilin, thereby promotes the formation of filopodia and invasiveness of CRC. The knockdown of NDRG1 led to enhanced dissemination of CRC cells in vivo and correlates with active CDC42 expression. Using clinical sample analysis, we found an elevated level of active CDC42 in patients with advanced T stage, and it was negatively related to NDRG1 expression. In sum, these results uncover a mechanism utilized by NDRG1 to regulate CDC42 activity in coordinating cytoskeleton reorganization, which was crucial in cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batuer Aikemu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfei Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjun Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hiju Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Galiya Yesseyeva
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongtao Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minhua Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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11
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Liu L, Yi X, Lu C, Wang Y, Xiao Q, Zhang L, Pang Y, Guan X. Study Progression of Apelin/APJ Signaling and Apela in Different Types of Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:658253. [PMID: 33912466 PMCID: PMC8075258 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.658253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous ligand that binds to the G protein-coupled receptor angiotensin-like-receptor 1 (APJ). Apelin and APJ are widely distributed in organs and tissues and are involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes including cardiovascular regulation, neuroendocrine stress response, energy metabolism, etc. Additionally, apelin/APJ axis was found to play an important role in cancer development and progression. Apela is a newly identified endogenous ligand for APJ. Several studies have revealed the potential role of Apela in cancers. In this article, we review the current studies focusing on the role of apelin/APJ signaling and Apela in different cancers. Potential mechanisms by which apelin/APJ and Apela mediate the regulation of cancer development and progression were also mentioned. The Apelin/APJ signaling and Apela may serve as potential therapeutic candidates for treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoping Yi
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiao Xiao
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingxian Pang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Guan
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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12
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A network map of apelin-mediated signaling. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 16:137-143. [PMID: 33797707 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00614-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The apelin receptor (APLNR) is a class A (rhodopsin-like) G-protein coupled receptor with a wide distribution throughout the human body. Activation of the apelin/APLNR system regulates AMPK/PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAF/ERK1/2 mediated signaling pathways. APLNR activation orchestrates several downstream signaling cascades, which play diverse roles in physiological effects, including effects upon vasoconstriction, heart muscle contractility, energy metabolism regulation, and fluid homeostasis angiogenesis. We consolidated a network map of the APLNR signaling map owing to its biomedical importance. The curation of literature data pertaining to the APLNR system was performed manually by the NetPath criteria. The described apelin receptor signaling map comprises 35 activation/inhibition events, 38 catalysis events, 4 molecular associations, 62 gene regulation events, 113 protein expression types, and 4 protein translocation events. The APLNR signaling pathway map data is made freely accessible through the WikiPathways Database ( https://www.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP5067 ).
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13
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Abstract
Elabela, also known as Toddler or Apela, is a recently discovered hormonal peptide containing 32 amino acids. Elabela is a ligand of the apelin receptor (APJ). APJ is a G protein-coupled receptor widely expressed throughout body, and together with its cognate ligand, apelin, it plays an important role in various physiological processes including cardiovascular functions, angiogenesis and fluid homeostasis. Elabela also participates in embryonic development and pathophysiological processes in adulthood. Elabela is highly expressed in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells and regulates endoderm differentiation and cardiovascular system development. During differentiation, Elabela is highly expressed in pluripotent stem cells and in adult renal collecting ducts and loops, where it functions to maintain water and sodium homeostasis. Other studies have also shown that Elabela plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. This review addresses the role of Elabela in kidney diseases including renal ischemia/reperfusion injury, hypertensive nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, and cardiorenal syndrome.
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14
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Song P, Song B, Liu J, Wang X, Nan X, Wang J. Blockage of PAK1 alleviates the proliferation and invasion of NSCLC cells via inhibiting ERK and AKT signaling activity. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 23:892-901. [PMID: 32974862 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02486-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE P21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1), a serine/threonine protein kinase which functions downstream of RAC and CDC42 GTPase, is activated by a variety of stimuli, including RAS and other growth signaling factors. The extracellular signal kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (AKT) signal pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancers. Whether PAK1 is sensitive to KRAS mutation signals and plays a role through ERK and AKT signaling pathways in NSCLC needs to be studied. METHODS The expression of PAK1, ERK and AKT was detected in both lung cancer cell lines and clinical samples. PAK1 RNA interference and specific inhibitor of PAK1(IPA-3) were applied to lung cancer cell lines and mouse xenograft tumors. Cell growth was measured by MTT and colony formation assays. Cell migration and invasion were detected by wound healing and transwell assays. RAS mutation was detected by Taqman probe method. Correlation between KRAS, PAK1, ERK and AKT activities was analyzed in lung cancer patients. RESULTS PAK1 was highly expressed not only in RAS mutant but also in RAS wild-type lung cancer cells. Using specific inhibitor of PAK1, IPA-3 and PAK1 RNA interference, cell proliferation, migration and invasion of lung cancer cells were reduced significantly, accompanied by decreased activities of ERK and AKT. Dual inhibition of ERK and AKT suppressed these cellular processes to levels comparable to those achieved by reduction in PAK1 expression. In NSCLC patients, PAK1 was not correlated with KRAS mutation but was significantly positively correlated with pERK and pAKT. CONCLUSION PAK1 played roles in NSCLC proliferation and invasion via ERK and AKT signaling and suggested a therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - B Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, Jjinan, China.
| | - J Liu
- Department of Respiratory Internal, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - X Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, Jjinan, China
| | - X Nan
- Department of Respiratory Internal, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Respiratory Internal, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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15
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Yan J, Wang A, Cao J, Chen L. Apelin/APJ system: an emerging therapeutic target for respiratory diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2919-2930. [PMID: 32128601 PMCID: PMC11105096 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous ligand of G protein-coupled receptor APJ. It is extensively expressed in many tissues such as heart, liver, and kidney, especially in lung tissue. A growing body of evidence suggests that apelin/APJ system is closely related to the development of respiratory diseases. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the role of apelin/APJ system in respiratory diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), pulmonary embolism (PE), acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pulmonary edema, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. In detail, apelin/APJ system attenuates PAH by activating AMPK-KLF2-eNOS-NO signaling and miR424/503-FGF axis. Also, apelin protects against ALI/ARDS by reducing mitochondrial ROS-triggered oxidative damage, mitochondria apoptosis, and inflammatory responses induced by the activation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome. Apelin/APJ system also prevents the occurrence of pulmonary edema via activating AKT-NOS3-NO pathway. Moreover, apelin/APJ system accelerates NSCLC cells' proliferation and migration via triggering ERK1/2-cyclin D1 and PAK1-cofilin signaling, respectively. Additionally, apelin/APJ system may act as a predictor in the development of OSAS and PE. Considering the pleiotropic actions of apelin/APJ system, targeting apelin/APJ system may be a potent therapeutic avenue for respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialong Yan
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangang Cao
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Apelin Controls Angiogenesis-Dependent Glioblastoma Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114179. [PMID: 32545380 PMCID: PMC7312290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) present with an abundant and aberrant tumor neo-vasculature. While rapid growth of solid tumors depends on the initiation of tumor angiogenesis, GBM also progress by infiltrative growth and vascular co-option. The angiogenic factor apelin (APLN) and its receptor (APLNR) are upregulated in GBM patient samples as compared to normal brain tissue. Here, we studied the role of apelin/APLNR signaling in GBM angiogenesis and growth. By functional analysis of apelin in orthotopic GBM mouse models, we found that apelin/APLNR signaling is required for in vivo tumor angiogenesis. Knockdown of tumor cell-derived APLN massively reduced the tumor vasculature. Additional loss of the apelin signal in endothelial tip cells using the APLN-knockout (KO) mouse led to a further reduction of GBM angiogenesis. Direct infusion of the bioactive peptide apelin-13 rescued the vascular loss-of-function phenotype specifically. In addition, APLN depletion massively reduced angiogenesis-dependent tumor growth. Consequently, survival of GBM-bearing mice was significantly increased when APLN expression was missing in the brain tumor microenvironment. Thus, we suggest that targeting vascular apelin may serve as an alternative strategy for anti-angiogenesis in GBM.
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17
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Masoumi J, Jafarzadeh A, Khorramdelazad H, Abbasloui M, Abdolalizadeh J, Jamali N. Role of Apelin/APJ axis in cancer development and progression. Adv Med Sci 2020; 65:202-213. [PMID: 32087570 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous peptide, which is expressed in a vast board of organs such as the brain, placenta, heart, lungs, kidneys, pancreas, testis, prostate and adipose tissues. The apelin receptor, called angiotensin-like-receptor 1 (APJ), is also expressed in the brain, spleen, placenta, heart, liver, intestine, prostate, thymus, testis, ovary, lungs, kidneys, stomach, and adipose tissue. The apelin/APJ axis is involved in a number of physiological and pathological processes. The apelin expression is increased in various kinds of cancer and the apelin/APJ axis plays a key role in the development of tumors through enhancing angiogenesis, metastasis, cell proliferation and also through the development of cancer stem cells and drug resistance. The apelin also stops the apoptosis of cancer cells. The apelin/APJ axis was considered in this review as an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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18
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Acik DY, Bankir M, Baylan FA, Aygun B. Can ELABELA be a novel target in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia? BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1086. [PMID: 31718601 PMCID: PMC6849261 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown that bcl2, bcl-XL and mcl-1 protein levels are high in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, and resultantly, apoptosis does not occur chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Apelin and apela (ELABELA/ELA/Toddler) are two peptide ligands for a class A G-protein coupled receptor called apelin receptor. Studies have shown that ELA inhibits apoptosis by inhibiting apoptotic proteins and activating anti-apoptotic proteins. Proteins and genes involved in apoptosis are valuable for targeted cancer therapy. We hypothesized that serum levels may be increased in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia based on the antiapoptotic effect of ELA. We compared serum ELABELA levels of healthy volunteers and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We aimed to draw attention to a new molecule worthy of research in targeted cancer treatment. METHODS Forty two untreated CLL patients and 41 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Serum ELA levels were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (Dhanghai Sunred Biological Technology co. Ltd), automated ELISA reader (Thermo Scientific, FİNLAND) and computer program (Scanlt for Multiscan F.C.2.5.1) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Statistical analysis was done by Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows 20 (IBM SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) ve MedCalc programs. ELA and variables related to CLL were correlated with Spearman correlation anlysis test. ROC analysis and Youden index method were used to determine a cut off point for ELA. All p-values were 2-sided with statistical significance at 0.05 alpha levels. RESULTS In our study, we found that serum ELA levels were significantly higher in patients with CLL. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights that ELA targeting may be a potential therapeutic option for treating CLL.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Odds Ratio
- Peptide Hormones/antagonists & inhibitors
- Peptide Hormones/metabolism
- Prospective Studies
- ROC Curve
- Risk Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Didar Yanardag Acik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Adana City Education and Research Hospital, Mithat Özsan Bulvarı Kışla Mah. 4522 Sok. No:1, 01260 Yüreğir, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bankir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Mithat Özsan Bulvarı Kışla Mah. 4522 Sok. No:1, 01260 Yüreğir, Adana, Turkey
| | - Filiz Alkan Baylan
- Department of Biochemistry, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Faculty of Medicine, Mithat Özsan Bulvarı Kışla Mah. 4522 Sok. No:1, 01260 Yüreğir, Adana, Turkey
| | - Bilal Aygun
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Adana City Education and Research Hospital, Mithat Özsan Bulvarı Kışla Mah. 4522 Sok. No:1, 01260 Yüreğir, Adana, Turkey
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Lugano R, Ramachandran M, Dimberg A. Tumor angiogenesis: causes, consequences, challenges and opportunities. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 77:1745-1770. [PMID: 31690961 PMCID: PMC7190605 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 901] [Impact Index Per Article: 180.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor vascularization occurs through several distinct biological processes, which not only vary between tumor type and anatomic location, but also occur simultaneously within the same cancer tissue. These processes are orchestrated by a range of secreted factors and signaling pathways and can involve participation of non-endothelial cells, such as progenitors or cancer stem cells. Anti-angiogenic therapies using either antibodies or tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been approved to treat several types of cancer. However, the benefit of treatment has so far been modest, some patients not responding at all and others acquiring resistance. It is becoming increasingly clear that blocking tumors from accessing the circulation is not an easy task to accomplish. Tumor vessel functionality and gene expression often differ vastly when comparing different cancer subtypes, and vessel phenotype can be markedly heterogeneous within a single tumor. Here, we summarize the current understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in tumor angiogenesis and discuss challenges and opportunities associated with vascular targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lugano
- The Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohanraj Ramachandran
- The Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Dimberg
- The Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden.
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20
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Melatonin prevents lung injury by regulating apelin 13 to improve mitochondrial dysfunction. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-12. [PMID: 31273199 PMCID: PMC6802616 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive disease characterized by epithelial cell damage, fibroblast proliferation, excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and lung tissue scarring. Melatonin, a hormone produced by the pineal gland, plays an important role in multiple physiological and pathological responses in organisms. However, the function of melatonin in the development of bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury is poorly understood. In the present study, we found that melatonin significantly decreased mortality and restored the function of the alveolar epithelium in bleomycin-treated mice. However, pulmonary function mainly depends on type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECIIs) and is linked to mitochondrial integrity. We also found that melatonin reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevented apoptosis and senescence in AECIIs. Luzindole, a nonselective melatonin receptor antagonist, blocked the protective action of melatonin. Interestingly, we found that the expression of apelin 13 was significantly downregulated in vitro and in vivo and that this downregulation was reversed by melatonin. Furthermore, ML221, an apelin inhibitor, disrupted the beneficial effects of melatonin on alveolar epithelial cells. Taken together, these results suggest that melatonin alleviates lung injury through regulating apelin 13 to improve mitochondrial dysfunction in the process of bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury. The hormone melatonin could protect lung cells from the damage associated with respiratory diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis. Several studies have linked such damage with abnormal activity of the mitochondria, with these essential metabolic organelles churning out damaging ‘reactive oxygen species’ (ROS), compounds that induce premature cell aging and death. Melatonin can mitigate ROS production, and researchers led by Haihai Liang at China’s Harbin Medical University have demonstrated that it can prevent injury to airway epithelial cells in a mouse model of lung disease. Melatonin treatment countered much of the damage, resulting in significantly longer survival, and the team identified a target molecule in the mitochondria that may be responsible for this effect. This approach could offer hope for a family of diseases with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options.
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21
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Huang Z, Luo X, Liu M, Chen L. Function and regulation of apelin/APJ system in digestive physiology and pathology. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7796-7810. [PMID: 30390294 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous ligand of seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor APJ. Apelin and APJ are distributed in various tissues, including the heart, lung, liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract and even in tumor tissues. Studies show that apelin messenger RNA is widely expressed in gastrointestinal (GI) tissues, including stomach and small intestine, which is closely correlated with GI function. Thus, the apelin/APJ system may exert a broad range of activities in the digestive system. In this paper, we review the role of the apelin/APJ system in the digestive system in physiological conditions, such as gastric acid secretion, control of appetite and food intake, cell proliferation, cholecystokinin secretion and histamine release, gut-brain axis, GI motility, and others. In pathological conditions, the apelin/APJ system plays an important role in the healing process of stress gastric injury, the clinical features and prognosis of patients with gastric cancers, the reduction of inflammatory response to enteritis and pancreatitis, the mediation of liver fibrogenesis, the promotion of liver damage, the inhibition of liver regeneration, the contribution of splanchnic neovascularization in portal hypertension, the treatment of colon cancer, and GI oxidative damage. Overall, the apelin/APJ system plays diversified functions and regulatory roles in digestive physiology and pathology. Further exploration of the relationship between the apelin/APJ system and the digestive system will help to find new and effective drugs for treating and alleviating the pain of digestive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xuling Luo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Meiqing Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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22
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Apelin/APJ system: A novel promising target for anti-aging intervention. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 487:233-240. [PMID: 30296443 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Apelin, an endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ, is widely expressed in various organs. Recent research has indicated that the Apelin/APJ system plays an important role in aging. Apelin and APJ receptor expression are down-regulated with increasing age. In murine models, Apelin and APJ knockouts exhibit accelerated senescence whereas Apelin-restoration results in enhanced vigor and rejuvenated behavioral and circadian phenotypes. Furthermore, aged Apelin knockout mice develop progressive impairment of cardiac contractility associated with systolic dysfunction. Apelin is crucial to maintain cardiac contractility in aging. Moreover, the Apelin/APJ system appears to be involved in regulation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress which promotes aging. Likewise, the Apelin/APJ system regulates autophagy, stem cells and the sirtuin family thus contributing to anti-aging. In this review, we describe the relationship between Apelin/APJ system and aging. We elaborate on the role of the Apelin/APJ system in aging stimulators, aging inhibitors and age-related diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We conclude that Apelin/APJ system might become a novel promising therapeutic target for anti-aging.
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23
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Podgórska M, Pietraszek-Gremplewicz K, Nowak D. Apelin Effects Migration and Invasion Abilities of Colon Cancer Cells. Cells 2018; 7:cells7080113. [PMID: 30127323 PMCID: PMC6115746 DOI: 10.3390/cells7080113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most common cancer types. Its positive correlation with general obesity has led to increasing amounts of research focusing on the role of adipokines in colon cancer development. Apelin is a peptide released by adipose tissue that could affect many cellular processes connected with carcinogenesis. In this study, we examined the role of apelin in the motility regulation of colon cancer cells. We showed that the effect of four different apelin peptides increased the ability of cancer cells to migrate and invade examined cells trough influencing migratory protrusions formation and actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. Additionally, using confocal microscopy, we noticed that apelin stimulated the proteolytic activity of cancer cells, especially increasing the level of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloprotease. Taken together, apelin increased the movement of colon cancer cells through several possible mechanisms. Moreover, better understanding the process through which apelin regulates cancer development is still necessary to the creation of novel anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Podgórska
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | | | - Dorota Nowak
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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24
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Wysocka MB, Pietraszek-Gremplewicz K, Nowak D. The Role of Apelin in Cardiovascular Diseases, Obesity and Cancer. Front Physiol 2018; 9:557. [PMID: 29875677 PMCID: PMC5974534 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous peptide identified as a ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Apelin belongs to the family of adipokines, which are bioactive mediators released by adipose tissue. Extensive tissue distribution of apelin and its receptor suggests, that it could be involved in many physiological processes including regulation of blood pressure, body fluid homeostasis, endocrine stress response, cardiac contractility, angiogenesis, and energy metabolism. Additionally, this peptide participates in pathological processes, such as heart failure, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. In this article, we review current knowledge about the role of apelin in organ and tissue pathologies. We also summarize the mechanisms by which apelin and its receptor mediate the regulation of physiological and pathological processes. Moreover, we put forward an indication of apelin as a biomarker predicting cardiac diseases and various types of cancer. A better understanding of the function of apelin and its receptor in pathologies might lead to the development of new medical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta B Wysocka
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Dorota Nowak
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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25
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Abstract
Apelin and apela (ELABELA/ELA/Toddler) are two peptide ligands for a class A G-protein-coupled receptor named the apelin receptor (AR/APJ/APLNR). Ligand-AR interactions have been implicated in regulation of the adipoinsular axis, cardiovascular system, and central nervous system alongside pathological processes. Each ligand may be processed into a variety of bioactive isoforms endogenously, with apelin ranging from 13 to 55 amino acids and apela from 11 to 32, typically being cleaved C-terminal to dibasic proprotein convertase cleavage sites. The C-terminal region of the respective precursor protein is retained and is responsible for receptor binding and subsequent activation. Interestingly, both apelin and apela exhibit isoform-dependent variability in potency and efficacy under various physiological and pathological conditions, but most studies focus on a single isoform. Biophysical behavior and structural properties of apelin and apela isoforms show strong correlations with functional studies, with key motifs now well determined for apelin. Unlike its ligands, the AR has been relatively difficult to characterize by biophysical techniques, with most characterization to date being focused on effects of mutagenesis. This situation may improve following a recently reported AR crystal structure, but there are still barriers to overcome in terms of comprehensive biophysical study. In this review, we summarize the three components of the apelinergic system in terms of structure-function correlation, with a particular focus on isoform-dependent properties, underlining the potential for regulation of the system through multiple endogenous ligands and isoforms, isoform-dependent pharmacological properties, and biological membrane-mediated receptor interaction. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:407-450, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsoo Shin
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Calem Kenward
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jan K Rainey
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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26
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Yi Y, Tsai SH, Cheng JC, Wang EY, Anglesio MS, Cochrane DR, Fuller M, Gibb EA, Wei W, Huntsman DG, Karsan A, Hoodless PA. APELA promotes tumour growth and cell migration in ovarian cancer in a p53-dependent manner. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 147:663-671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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27
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Huang Z, Wu L, Chen L. Apelin/APJ system: A novel potential therapy target for kidney disease. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3892-3900. [PMID: 28796300 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous ligand of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Apelin and APJ are distributed in various tissues, including the heart, lung, kidney, and even in tumor tissues. Studies show that apelin mRNA is highly expressed in the inner stripe of kidney outer medulla, which plays an important role in process of water and sodium balance. Additionally, more studies also indicate that apelin/APJ system exerts a broad range of activities in kidney. Therefore, we review the role of apelin/APJ system in kidney diseases such as renal fibrosis, renal ischemia/reperfusion injury, diabetic nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease, and hemodialysis (HD). Apelin/APJ system can improve renal interstitial fibrosis by reducing the deposition of extracellular matrix. Apelin/APJ system significantly reduces renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting renal cell death. Apelin/APJ system involves the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Apelin/APJ system also predicts the process of polycystic kidney disease. Besides, apelin/APJ system prevents some dialysis complications in HD patients. And apelin/APJ system alleviates chronic kidney disease (CKD) by inhibiting vascular calcification (VC). Overall, apelin/APJ system plays diversified roles in kidney disease and may be a potential target for the treatment of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, University Of South China, Hengyang, P.R. China
| | - Lele Wu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, P.R. China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, P.R. China
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28
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Liu J, Liu M, Chen L. Novel pathogenesis: regulation of apoptosis by Apelin/APJ system. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:471-478. [PMID: 28407045 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin is the endogenous peptide APJ receptor, while APJ is a member of the G protein-coupled receptors family. Recent evidence strongly suggests that Apelin/APJ system influences apoptosis in various diseases through different signal pathways. In this review, we discuss the possible mechanisms by which the Apelin/APJ system inhibits apoptosis, including the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, ERK1/2, caspase signaling, and autophagy pathway. We also summarize the role of Apelin/APJ system in apoptosis in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, pulmonary artery hypertension, retinal neovascular disease, acute renal injury, skeletal homeostasis, and gastrointestinal diseases. Apelin/APJ system decreases myocardial infarction size and alleviates myocardial I/R injury by inhibiting cardiomyocytes apoptosis. However, Apelin/APJ system improves pulmonary artery hypertension via increasing apoptosis. Apelin/APJ system exerts neuroprotective effect by blocking apoptosis and participates in the recovery of retinal neovascular disease by suppressing apoptosis. Apelin/APJ system also shows anti-apoptotic effect against acute renal injury and plays a role in regulating skeletal homeostasis. In gastrointestinal disease, Apelin/APJ system plays a potential physiological role in gastrointestinal cytoprotection by regulating apoptosis. We hope that a better understanding of the Apelin/APJ system will help to discover new disease pathogenesis and find possible therapeutic targets of the Apelin/APJ system essential for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Meiqing Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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29
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Lv X, Kong J, Chen WD, Wang YD. The Role of the Apelin/APJ System in the Regulation of Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:221. [PMID: 28484393 PMCID: PMC5401884 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous peptide that is a ligand for the APJ receptor (angiotensin II receptor like-1, AT-1). The apelin/APJ system is distributed in diverse periphery organ tissues. It has been shown that the apelin/APJ system plays various roles in physiology and pathophysiology of many organs. It regulates cardiovascular development or cardiac disease, glycometabolism and fat metabolism as well as metabolic disease. The apelin/APJ system participates in various cell activities such as proliferation, migration, apoptosis or inflammation. However, apelin/APJ function in the liver is still under investigation. In the liver, the apelin-APJ system could play an inhibitory role in liver regeneration and promote Fas-induced apoptosis. It may participate in the formation of hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis, and even cancer. In this review, we summarize the role of the apelin/APJ system in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Lv
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan UniversityKaifeng, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan UniversityKaifeng, China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan UniversityKaifeng, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, China
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing, China
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30
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Chen Z, Wu D, Li L, Chen L. Apelin/APJ System: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:766-775. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2016.3391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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31
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Yang Y, Lv SY, Ye W, Zhang L. Apelin/APJ system and cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 457:112-6. [PMID: 27083318 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous ligand of the apelin receptor (APJ), a seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor. Apelin/APJ system has a wide tissue distribution in the brain as well as in peripheral organs including heart, lung, vessels, and adipose tissue. Apelin/APJ was involved in regulating cardiac and vascular function, heart development, and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. In this article, we summarize the role of apelin/APJ system on lung cancer, gastroesophageal and colonic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, brain cancer, and tumor neoangiogenesis. Apelin/APJ may be a potential anticancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Yang
- School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Shuang-Yu Lv
- School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
| | - Wenling Ye
- School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
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