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Tan P, Wei X, Huang H, Wang F, Wang Z, Xie J, Wang L, Liu D, Hu Z. Application of omics technologies in studies on antitumor effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Chin Med 2024; 19:123. [PMID: 39252074 PMCID: PMC11385818 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00995-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is considered to be one of the most comprehensive and influential form of traditional medicine. It plays an important role in clinical treatment and adjuvant therapy for cancer. However, the complex composition of TCM presents challenges to the comprehensive and systematic understanding of its antitumor mechanisms, which hinders further development of TCM with antitumor effects. Omics technologies can immensely help in elucidating the mechanism of action of drugs. They utilize high-throughput sequencing and detection techniques to provide deeper insights into biological systems, revealing the intricate mechanisms through which TCM combats tumors. Multi-omics approaches can be used to elucidate the interrelationships among different omics layers by integrating data from various omics disciplines. By analyzing a large amount of data, these approaches further unravel the complex network of mechanisms underlying the antitumor effects of TCM and explain the mutual regulations across different molecular levels. In this study, we presented a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in single-omics and multi-omics research focused on elucidating the mechanisms underlying the antitumor effects of TCM. We discussed the significance of omics technologies in advancing research on the antitumor properties of TCM and also provided novel research perspectives and methodologies for further advancing this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xuejiao Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Huiming Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhuguo Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jinxin Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Longyan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dongxiao Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhongdong Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Cao X, Xiang J, Zhang Q, Liu J, Zhou D, Xu Y, Xu P, Chen B, Bai H. Multidimensional role of adapalene in regulating cell death in multiple myeloma. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1415224. [PMID: 39175546 PMCID: PMC11338798 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1415224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims Multiple myeloma (MM) remains a challenging condition to cure, with persistent drug resistance negating the benefits of treatment advancements. The unraveling complexities in programmed cell death (PCD), inclusive of apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis, have highlighted novel therapeutic avenues. Our study focuses on deciphering how adapalene (ADA), a small molecule compound, accelerates the demise of MM cells via targeting their compensatory survival mechanisms. Methods To assess the impact of ADA on MM, we employed flow cytometry and trypan blue exclusion assays to determine cell viabilities across MM cell lines and primary patient samples post-treatment. To delineate ADA's therapeutic targets and mechanisms, we conducted RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. We further designed pre-clinical trials emphasizing MM, exploring the efficacy of ADA as a standalone and in combination with bortezomib (BTZ). Results ADA elicited a dose-responsive induction of MM cell death. Building upon ADA's anti-MM capabilities as a single agent, we proposed that ADA-BTZ co-treatment might amplify this lethality. Indeed, ADA and BTZ together greatly potentiated MM cell death. ADA proved beneficial in restoring BTZ susceptibility in BTZ-resistant relapsed or refractory MM (RRMM) patient cells. Molecular simulations highlighted ADA's high affinity (-9.17 kcal/mol) for CD138, with MM-GBSA revealing a binding free energy of -27.39 kcal/mol. Detailed interaction analyses indicated hydrogen-bonding of ADA with CD138 at the Asp35 and Gln34 residues. Additionally, ADA emerged as a versatile instigator of both ferroptosis and apoptosis in MM cells. Furthermore, ADA disrupted activation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway triggered by BTZ, fostering cell death in BTZ-resistant MM subsets. Conclusion ADA demonstrates a comprehensive capability to orchestrate MM cell death, exerting pronounced anti-MM activity while disrupting NF-κB-related drug resistance. ADA sensitization of MM cells to BTZ unravels its potential as a novel therapeutic drug for MM management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Cao
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinwen Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Peipei Xu
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Zhao Z, Hu C, Li L, Zhang J, Zhang L. Main chemical constituents and mechanism of anti-tumor action of Solanum nigrum L. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7314. [PMID: 39155844 PMCID: PMC11331249 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Solanum nigrum L. (SNL) is a natural drugwith diverse bioactive components and multi-targeted anti-tumor effects, gaining increasing attention in clinical application. METHOD AND RESULTS This paper reviews the studies on SNL by searching academic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct,and Web of Science, among others), analyzing its chemical compositions (alkaloids, saponins, polysaccharides, and polyphenols, among others), andbriefly describes the anti-tumor mechanisms of the main components. DISCUSSION This paper discusses the shortcomings of the current research on SNL and proposes corresponding solutions, providing theoretical support for further research on its biological functions and clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen‐duo Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Cheng Hu
- Experiment Center for Science and TechnologyShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ling Li
- Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai TCM‐Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jia‐qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Li‐chao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
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Lin L, Chen D, Li S, Wang T. Ginsenoside Rg1 inhibits multiple myeloma and overcomes bortezomib resistance through AMPK-mTOR pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33935. [PMID: 39071579 PMCID: PMC11283037 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The resistance of multiple myeloma (MM) to bortezomib (BTZ) has brought multiple challenges to its clinical use. Numerous ginsenosides have potential anti-tumor effects, however, the research on the role of Rg1 in MM has not been reported. Objective To examine the inhibitory impact of Rg1 on the growth of MM and reduce the drug resistance of MM to BTZ through in vivo and in vitro experiments, and to explore their potential mechanism. Methods BTZ drug-resistant cell line RPMI8226R was constructed. Mouse tumor-bearing model was developed by abdominal subcutaneous injection of MM cells. MM cells were treated with AMPK inhibitor Compound C or autophagy inhibitor Chloroquine together with Rg1. RPMI8226R cells were treated with BTZ and Rg1. Cell multiplication was detected using Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. Apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence assay was employed to assess the autophagy markers LC3. Western blot was utilized to assess the protein expression. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis in tumor tissues. Results In vitro experiments demonstrated that Rg1 could hinder the proliferation of MM cells, promote apoptosis and enhance autophagy. Rg1 could also increase the sensitivity of RPMI8226R to BTZ. In vivo experiments illustrated that Rg1 could hinder the development of MM cells in mice, weaken the proliferation of tumor cells and enhance their apoptosis. Further study found that the anti-MM impact of Rg1 was linked to AMPK-mTOR pathway, the autophagy degree of RPMI8226R was higher than that of RPMI8226, and that Rg1 could inhibit MM and overcome drug resistance through autophagy induced by AMPK-mTOR pathway. Conclusion Rg1 has significant anti-MM effect and can overcome BTZ resistance, and its potential mechanism is related to the regulation of autophagy induced by AMPK-mTOR pathway. Rg1 is a promising adjuvant drug for the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuangyue Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Hassan AMIA, Zhao Y, Chen X, He C. Blockage of Autophagy for Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7459. [PMID: 39000565 PMCID: PMC11242824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of cancer are increasing, making it a leading cause of death worldwide. Conventional treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy face significant limitations due to therapeutic resistance. Autophagy, a cellular self-degradation mechanism, plays a crucial role in cancer development, drug resistance, and treatment. This review investigates the potential of autophagy inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for cancer. A systematic search was conducted on Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases from 1967 to 2024 to identify studies on autophagy inhibitors and their mechanisms in cancer therapy. The review includes original articles utilizing in vitro and in vivo experimental methods, literature reviews, and clinical trials. Key terms used were "Autophagy", "Inhibitors", "Molecular mechanism", "Cancer therapy", and "Clinical trials". Autophagy inhibitors such as chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have shown promise in preclinical studies by inhibiting lysosomal acidification and preventing autophagosome degradation. Other inhibitors like wortmannin and SAR405 target specific components of the autophagy pathway. Combining these inhibitors with chemotherapy has demonstrated enhanced efficacy, making cancer cells more susceptible to cytotoxic agents. Clinical trials involving CQ and HCQ have shown encouraging results, although further investigation is needed to optimize their use in cancer therapy. Autophagy exhibits a dual role in cancer, functioning as both a survival mechanism and a cell death pathway. Targeting autophagy presents a viable strategy for cancer therapy, particularly when integrated with existing treatments. However, the complexity of autophagy regulation and the potential side effects necessitate further research to develop precise and context-specific therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China (X.C.)
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China (X.C.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China (X.C.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
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Booth L, Roberts JL, West C, Dent P. GZ17-6.02 interacts with proteasome inhibitors to kill multiple myeloma cells. Oncotarget 2024; 15:159-174. [PMID: 38441437 PMCID: PMC10913917 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
GZ17-6.02, a synthetically manufactured compound containing isovanillin, harmine and curcumin, has undergone phase I evaluation in patients with solid tumors (NCT03775525) with a recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of 375 mg PO BID. GZ17-6.02 was more efficacious as a single agent at killing multiple myeloma cells than had previously been observed in solid tumor cell types. GZ17-6.02 interacted with proteasome inhibitors in a greater than additive fashion to kill myeloma cells and alone it killed inhibitor-resistant cells to a similar extent. The drug combination of GZ17-6.02 and bortezomib activated ATM, the AMPK and PERK and inactivated ULK1, mTORC1, eIF2α, NFκB and the Hippo pathway. The combination increased ATG13 S318 phosphorylation and the expression of Beclin1, ATG5, BAK and BIM, and reduced the levels of BCL-XL and MCL1. GZ17-6.02 interacted with bortezomib to enhance autophagosome formation and autophagic flux, and knock down of ATM, AMPKα, ULK1, Beclin1 or ATG5 significantly reduced both autophagy and tumor cell killing. Knock down of BAK and BIM significantly reduced tumor cell killing. The expression of HDACs1/2/3 was significantly reduced beyond that previously observed in solid tumor cells and required autophagy. This was associated with increased acetylation and methylation of histone H3. Combined knock down of HDACs1/2/3 caused activation of ATM and the AMPK and caused inactivation of ULK1, mTORC1, NFκB and the Hippo pathway. HDAC knock down also enhanced ATG13 phosphorylation, increased BAK levels and reduced those of BCL-XL. Collectively, our present studies support performing additional in vivo studies with multiple myeloma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Booth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jane L. Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Cameron West
- Genzada Pharmaceuticals, Hutchinson, KS 67502, USA
| | - Paul Dent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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7
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Shen M, Liu S, Wei Q, Zhang X, Wen S, Qiu R, Li Y, Fan H. Extract of Astragali Radix and Solanum nigrum Linne regulates microglia and macrophage polarization and inhibits the growth and infiltration of C6 glioblastoma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117067. [PMID: 37619857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The polarization of glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs) affects the growth and infiltration of glioma. Astragali Radix (AR) and Solanum nigrum L. (SN) are traditional antitumor combinations in Chinese herbal medicine, but their roles and mechanisms against glioma are not yet clear. AIM OF THE STUDY The effects of AR and SN compound (ARSN) on the polarization of GAMs and glioma cells in vitro and in vivo were studied, providing new ideas for the treatment of glioma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The UPLC-QTOF-MS method was used to examine the quality of ARSN extracts. The effects of ARSN on proliferation, migration and apoptosis of C6 cells were investigated using CCK-8 assay, colony-forming assay, wound healing assay and flow cytometry. The impact of ARSN on the polarization of GAMs was verified by PCR, ELISA, and flow cytometry. In addition, a rat glioma model was established to assess the effects of ARSN on glioma growth, infiltration, and polarization of GAMs. RESULTS In vitro experiments, ARSN can effectively inhibit the proliferation and migration of C6 cells and promote apoptosis. In the rat orthotopic tumor model, ARSN also effectively inhibited tumor growth and infiltration. The SN part of ARSN has strong cytotoxicity. Meanwhile the AR part can effectively inhibit the M2 polarization of GAMs and chemokine production induced by tumor, promote the M1 phenotype of GAMs, and regulate the tumor immune microenvironment to indirectly kill glioma. CONCLUSIONS ARSN inhibited glioma growth both in vitro and in vivo. SN takes effect through direct cytotoxicity, while AR works by regulating GAMs polarization. ARSN extracts can be used as a potential agent for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Shen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
| | - Suo Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
| | - Qin Wei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
| | - Shiyu Wen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
| | - Runze Qiu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
| | - Yingbin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China.
| | - Hongwei Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
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8
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Kozalak G, Koşar A. Autophagy-related mechanisms for treatment of multiple myeloma. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:838-857. [PMID: 38239705 PMCID: PMC10792488 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a type of hematological cancer that occurs when B cells become malignant. Various drugs such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulators, and compounds that cause DNA damage can be used in the treatment of MM. Autophagy, a type 2 cell death mechanism, plays a crucial role in determining the fate of B cells, either promoting their survival or inducing cell death. Therefore, autophagy can either facilitate the progression or hinder the treatment of MM disease. In this review, autophagy mechanisms that may be effective in MM cells were covered and evaluated within the contexts of unfolded protein response (UPR), bone marrow microenvironment (BMME), drug resistance, hypoxia, DNA repair and transcriptional regulation, and apoptosis. The genes that are effective in each mechanism and research efforts on this subject were discussed in detail. Signaling pathways targeted by new drugs to benefit from autophagy in MM disease were covered. The efficacy of drugs that regulate autophagy in MM was examined, and clinical trials on this subject were included. Consequently, among the autophagy mechanisms that are effective in MM, the most suitable ones to be used in the treatment were expressed. The importance of 3D models and microfluidic systems for the discovery of new drugs for autophagy and personalized treatment was emphasized. Ultimately, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of MM disease, encompassing autophagy mechanisms, drugs, clinical studies, and further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gül Kozalak
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabancı University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabancı University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Ali Koşar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabancı University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabancı University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Çankaya, Ankara 06700, Turkey
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Qin Y, Ashrafizadeh M, Mongiardini V, Grimaldi B, Crea F, Rietdorf K, Győrffy B, Klionsky DJ, Ren J, Zhang W, Zhang X. Autophagy and cancer drug resistance in dialogue: Pre-clinical and clinical evidence. Cancer Lett 2023; 570:216307. [PMID: 37451426 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of drug resistance is a major challenge for oncologists. Resistance can be categorized as acquired or intrinsic; the alteration of several biological mechanisms contributes to both intrinsic and acquired resistance. Macroautophagy/autophagy is the primary process in eukaryotes for the degradation of macromolecules and organelles. This process is critical in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Given its function as either a pro-survival or a pro-death phenomenon, autophagy has a complex physio-pathological role. In some circumstances, autophagy can confer chemoresistance and promote cell survival, whereas in others it can promote chemosensitivity and contribute to cell death. The role of autophagy in the modulation of cancer drug resistance reflects its impact on apoptosis and metastasis. The regulation of autophagy in cancer is mediated by various factors including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), MAPK, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT, BECN1 and ATG proteins. Non-coding RNAs are among the main regulators of autophagy, e.g., via the modulation of chemoresistance pathways. Due to the significant contribution of autophagy in cancer drug resistance, small molecule modulators and natural compounds targeting autophagy have been introduced to alter the response of cancer cells to chemotherapy. Furthermore, nanotherapeutic approaches based on autophagy regulation have been introduced in pre-clinical cancer therapy. In this review we consider the potential for using autophagy regulators for the clinical treatment of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qin
- Department of Lab, Chifeng Cancer Hospital (The 2nd Affliated Hospital of Chifeng University), Chifeng University, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 024000, China.
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Vera Mongiardini
- Molecular Medicine Research Line, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genoa, 16163, Italy
| | - Benedetto Grimaldi
- Molecular Medicine Research Line, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genoa, 16163, Italy
| | - Francesco Crea
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Katja Rietdorf
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Tüzoltó u. 7-9, 1094, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Tüzoltó u. 7-9, 1094, Budapest, Hungary; Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudosok korutja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xianbin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
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10
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Tang Q, Zhou Q, Li J, Yang X, Wang R, Wang X, Xu M, Han L, Wu W, Wang S. Solamargine enhanced gefitinib antitumor effect via regulating MALAT1/miR-141-3p/Sp1/IGFBP1 signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. Carcinogenesis 2023; 44:497-510. [PMID: 37144780 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) showed great therapeutic efficacy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, acquired resistance severely limits the clinical application and efficacy of EGFR-TKIs. In the current study, we found that solamargine (SM), a natural alkaloid derived from the fruit of Lycium tomato lobelia, has been found to inhibit the progression of NSCLC and enhance the anticancer effect of EGFR-TKIs. In brief, SM significantly inhibited the cell viability of NSCLC cells and enhanced the anticancer effect of gefitinib (GFTN) and erlotinib (ERL). Mechanistically, SM decreased the expression of MALAT1 and induced miR-141-3p, whereas reduced SP1 protein levels. Interestingly, both MALAT1 and Sp1 have classical and conservative binding sites of miR-141-3p in their 3'-UTR regions. Silence of MALAT1 and overexpression of miR-141-3p both decreased the protein expression of Sp1. Subsequently, promoter activity and protein expression of IGFBP1 were upregulated by SM, which was not observed in cells with SP1 overexpression. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of SM on cell growth was significantly blocked by knockdown of IGFBP1 expression. More importantly, the combination of SM and GFTN synergistically inhibited the progression of lung cancer. Similar results were observed in experiments in vivo. Finally, the clinical relevance of MALAT1, Sp1 and IGFBP1 was further validated using bioinformatics analysis. Taken together, we confirmed that SM significantly enhanced the anticancer effect of EGFR-TKIs by regulating the MALAT1/miR-141-3p/Sp1/IGFBP1 signaling pathway. This study unravels a novel mechanism and suggests a new potential NSCLC-associated therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
- Clinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, Department of Oncology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
| | - Qichun Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
- Clinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, Department of Oncology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
- Clinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, Department of Oncology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
- Clinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, Department of Oncology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
| | - Xi Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
- Clinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, Department of Oncology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
| | - Mengfei Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
| | - Ling Han
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
| | - Wanyin Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
- Clinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, Department of Oncology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
| | - Sumei Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
- Clinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, Department of Oncology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
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11
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Delbrouck JA, Desgagné M, Comeau C, Bouarab K, Malouin F, Boudreault PL. The Therapeutic Value of Solanum Steroidal (Glyco)Alkaloids: A 10-Year Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2023; 28:4957. [PMID: 37446619 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroidal (glycol)alkaloids S(G)As are secondary metabolites made of a nitrogen-containing steroidal skeleton linked to a (poly)saccharide, naturally occurring in the members of the Solanaceae and Liliaceae plant families. The genus Solanum is familiar to all of us as a food source (tomato, potato, eggplant), but a few populations have also made it part of their ethnobotany for their medicinal properties. The recent development of the isolation, purification and analysis techniques have shed light on the structural diversity among the SGAs family, thus attracting scientists to investigate their various pharmacological properties. This review aims to overview the recent literature (2012-2022) on the pharmacological benefits displayed by the SGAs family. Over 17 different potential therapeutic applications (antibiotic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, etc.) were reported over the past ten years, and this unique review analyzes each pharmacological effect independently without discrimination of either the SGA's chemical identity or their sources. A strong emphasis is placed on the discovery of their biological targets and the subsequent cellular mechanisms, discussing in vitro to in vivo biological data. The therapeutic value and the challenges of the solanum steroidal glycoalkaloid family is debated to provide new insights for future research towards clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien A Delbrouck
- Institut de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Michael Desgagné
- Institut de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Christian Comeau
- Institut de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Kamal Bouarab
- Centre SEVE, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - François Malouin
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Pierre-Luc Boudreault
- Institut de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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12
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Ajay AK, Chu P, Patel P, Deban C, Roychowdhury C, Heda R, Halawi A, Saad A, Younis N, Zhang H, Jiang X, Nasr M, Hsiao LL, Lin G, Azzi JR. High-Throughput/High Content Imaging Screen Identifies Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors and Immunoproteasomes as Therapeutic Targets for Chordoma. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1274. [PMID: 37111759 PMCID: PMC10145398 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chordomas account for approximately 1-4% of all malignant bone tumors and 20% of primary tumors of the spinal column. It is a rare disease, with an incidence estimated to be approximately 1 per 1,000,000 people. The underlying causative mechanism of chordoma is unknown, which makes it challenging to treat. Chordomas have been linked to the T-box transcription factor T (TBXT) gene located on chromosome 6. The TBXT gene encodes a protein transcription factor TBXT, or brachyury homolog. Currently, there is no approved targeted therapy for chordoma. Here, we performed a small molecule screening to identify small chemical molecules and therapeutic targets for treating chordoma. We screened 3730 unique compounds and selected 50 potential hits. The top three hits were Ribociclib, Ingenol-3-angelate, and Duvelisib. Among the top 10 hits, we found a novel class of small molecules, including proteasomal inhibitors, as promising molecules that reduce the proliferation of human chordoma cells. Furthermore, we discovered that proteasomal subunits PSMB5 and PSMB8 are increased in human chordoma cell lines U-CH1 and U-CH2, confirming that the proteasome may serve as a molecular target whose specific inhibition may lead to better therapeutic strategies for chordoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrendra K. Ajay
- Transplant Research Centre, Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA (R.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Philip Chu
- Transplant Research Centre, Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA (R.H.)
| | - Poojan Patel
- Transplant Research Centre, Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA (R.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christa Deban
- Transplant Research Centre, Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA (R.H.)
| | - Chitran Roychowdhury
- Transplant Research Centre, Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA (R.H.)
| | - Radhika Heda
- Transplant Research Centre, Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA (R.H.)
| | - Ahmad Halawi
- Transplant Research Centre, Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA (R.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anis Saad
- Transplant Research Centre, Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA (R.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nour Younis
- Transplant Research Centre, Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA (R.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xiuju Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mahmoud Nasr
- Transplant Research Centre, Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA (R.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Li-Li Hsiao
- Transplant Research Centre, Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA (R.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gang Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jamil R. Azzi
- Transplant Research Centre, Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA (R.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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13
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Ren H, Chen S, Liu C, Wu H, Wang Z, Zhang X, Ren J, Zhou L. Circular RNA in multiple myeloma: A new target for therapeutic intervention. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 238:154129. [PMID: 36137401 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are RNA molecules with a stable closed-loop structure that are found in a variety of organisms. CircRNAs are highly stable and conserved, and they play important roles in transcriptional regulation and splicing. Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a malignant proliferative disease for which there are currently no effective and comprehensive treatments. Numerous circRNAs may contribute to the development and progression of MM by acting as oncogenes or regulators. Due to the unique function of circRNAs, they have a high potential for regulating the biological functions (including proliferation and apoptosis) of MM cells, and their expression levels and molecular mechanism are closely related to their diagnostic value, therapeutic sensitivity, and clinical prognosis of MM patients. In this review, we aim to provide a detailed overview of the structure and function of circRNAs and demonstrate the potential therapeutic value and potential mechanism of circRNAs in MM via experiments and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefei Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Sai Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Hongkun Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jigang Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China.
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