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Toman J, Pickova D, Rejman L, Ostry V, Malir F. Investigation of ochratoxin A in air-dry-cured hams. Meat Sci 2024; 217:109605. [PMID: 39068743 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The European Union legislation regarding ochratoxin A (OTA) in various foodstuffs has changed relatively recently. Nevertheless, the legislation does not regulate OTA in any meat and meat-derived products. In this legislation update, the European Commission requested new studies, including, besides others, the presence of OTA in hams, which raises the concern that its consumption may pose a potential risk of exposure to OTA. This study aims to investigate OTA in a total of 195 samples of air-dry-cured hams acquired at the Czech market from January to June 2023. The analytical technique of high-performance liquid chromatography in combination with a fluorescence detector with pre-treatment employing immunoaffinity columns was used to determine OTA. OTA was found in 93 (48%) samples of air-dry-cured ham, with the OTA concentration reaching up to 14.58 ng/g. Due to the current absence of regulation limits, the results of this study were compared with the Italian maximum limit of 1 ng/g regulating OTA in porcine meat and byproducts. The Italian OTA maximum limit was exceeded in 22 (11%) samples. This study shows that the population of the Czech Republic is exposed to OTA from this pork byproduct. It is essential to set an OTA regulatory limit for meat and food produced from it to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Toman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, CZ-50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Darina Pickova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, CZ-50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Rejman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, CZ-50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Ostry
- Center for Health, Nutrition and Food in Brno, National Institute of Public Health in Prague, Palackeho 3a, CZ-61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Malir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, CZ-50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Li M, Xiao Y, Wang Z, Sheng E, Zhao R, Han C, Du D. Enzyme- and label-free cascade isothermal amplification aptasensor for the ultrasensitive detection of ochratoxin A. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1324:343111. [PMID: 39218583 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.343111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasensitive detection is crucial for the early warning and intervention of risk factors, ultimately benefiting the environment and human health. Low levels of ochratoxin A (OTA) present a hidden yet significant threat, and rapid detection via high-performing biosensors is therefore essential. RESULTS A cascade isothermal amplification aptasensor (CIA-aptasensor) was designed for OTA detection. On the surface of a magnetic bead probe, the OTA level was converted into positively correlated trigger cDNA through its competitive binding with OTA-Apt. The released trigger cDNA activated catalytic hairpin assembly followed by coupling with a hybridization chain reaction to achieve CIA. After adding graphene oxide and SYBR Green I, the background interference was eliminated to specifically obtain OTA-related fluorescence. The ultrasensitive limit of detection was 0.22 pg mL-1, an improvement of 1368-fold over conventional enzyme-linked aptamer sorbent assay by the same OTA-Apt, demonstrating satisfactory reliability and practicability. Thus, the CIA-aptasensor provides an enzyme- and label-free simplified homogeneous system with minimal background interference using isothermal conditions. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides a polymerase chain reaction-like approach for enhancing the sensitivity and performance of a biosensor, which could be extended for the application of CIA and label-free signaling strategy to other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, PR China.
| | - Yu Xiao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Zexuan Wang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, PR China
| | - Enze Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Rujin Zhao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Chenfei Han
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Daolin Du
- Jingjiang College, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
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Wang X, Jia XX, Wang Y, Li S, Ren S, Wang Y, Han D, Qin K, Chang X, Zhou H, Gao Z. A facile dual-mode immunosensor based on speckle Ag-doped nanohybrids for ultrasensitive detection of Ochratoxin A. Food Chem 2024; 439:138102. [PMID: 38100873 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a potent carcinogen, and is among the most dangerous mycotoxins in agricultural products. In this study, an ultrasensitive dual-mode immunosensor was developed for naked-eye and fluorescence detection of OTA based on Ag-doped core-shell nanohybrids (Ag@CSNH). Complete antigen-labeled Ag@CSNH (CA-Ag@CSNH) were used as a competitive bind and dual-mode probe. The diffused doping structure of CA-Ag@CSNH provided improved stability, color and fluorescence quencher performance. Antibodies modified magnetic beads were used as a capture probe. The competitive binding between OTA and CA-Ag@CSNH produced both color change and fluorescence quenching. Ultraviolet and fluorescence intensitie correlated linearly with OTA concentration ranges of 0.03-3 ng/mL and 10-10000 pg/mL, and limits of detection of 0.0235 ng/mL and 0.9921 pg/mL, respectively. The practical applicability of proposed strategy was demonstrated by analysis of OTA in spiked corn, soybean and flour samples. This study offers a new insight on multi-mode platforms for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinke Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Xue-Xia Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Shuyue Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Dianpeng Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Kang Qin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Xueyu Chang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Huanying Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Zhixian Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
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Ben Miri Y, Benabdallah A, Chentir I, Djenane D, Luvisi A, De Bellis L. Comprehensive Insights into Ochratoxin A: Occurrence, Analysis, and Control Strategies. Foods 2024; 13:1184. [PMID: 38672856 PMCID: PMC11049263 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxic mycotoxin produced by some mold species from genera Penicillium and Aspergillus. OTA has been detected in cereals, cereal-derived products, dried fruits, wine, grape juice, beer, tea, coffee, cocoa, nuts, spices, licorice, processed meat, cheese, and other foods. OTA can induce a wide range of health effects attributable to its toxicological properties, including teratogenicity, immunotoxicity, carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity. OTA is not only toxic to humans but also harmful to livestock like cows, goats, and poultry. This is why the European Union and various countries regulate the maximum permitted levels of OTA in foods. This review intends to summarize all the main aspects concerning OTA, starting from the chemical structure and fungi that produce it, its presence in food, its toxicity, and methods of analysis, as well as control strategies, including both fungal development and methods of inactivation of the molecule. Finally, the review provides some ideas for future approaches aimed at reducing the OTA levels in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamina Ben Miri
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf University, BP 166, M’sila 28000, Algeria;
| | - Amina Benabdallah
- Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Pollution, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University Chadli Bendjedid, El-Tarf 36000, Algeria;
| | - Imene Chentir
- Laboratory of Food, Processing, Control and Agri-Resources Valorization, Higher School of Food Science and Agri-Food Industry, Algiers 16200, Algeria;
| | - Djamel Djenane
- Food Quality and Safety Research Laboratory, Department of Food Sciences, Mouloud Mammeri University, BP 17, Tizi-Ouzou 15000, Algeria;
| | - Andrea Luvisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento Palazzina A—Centro Ecotekne via Prov, le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Luigi De Bellis
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento Palazzina A—Centro Ecotekne via Prov, le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
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Qiu Y, Liu Z, Mao Y, Teng W, Li M. DNA-bridged double gold nanoparticles-based immunochromatography for dual-mode detection of ochratoxin A. J Food Sci 2023; 88:4316-4326. [PMID: 37732469 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
A novel immunochromatography strip (ICS) based on the DNA-bridged double gold nanoparticles was established and evaluated for the dual-mode detection of ochratoxin A (OTA). For this purpose, the streptavidin was coupled with the big size of gold nanoparticle (40 nm, AuNP), the OTA monoclonal antibody and biotinylated DNA-SH were simultaneously immobilized on the small size of AuNP (20 nm), and then the enhanced ICS was self-assembled and evaluated. The dual-mode detection of semi-quantification and quantification had been achieved and performed by the proposed ICS. The LOD for semi-quantification (semi-Q-LOD) was 0.06 ng/mL by the directly naked eye (eightfold enhanced than conventional ICS). By the on-site reader, the LOD for quantification (Q-LOD) was 0.03 ng/mL (threefold enhanced), with the detection range between 0.03 and 1.2 ng/mL. The specificity, reliability, and practicability had been well represented. Furthermore, the OTA-positive results of the enhanced ICS method correlated well with those obtained by the referenced HPLC-MS/MS for the market samples. This study provided a new ICS pattern of semi-quantification and quantification for OTA contamination, which could be used as a valuable reference for improving the ICS technology and enhancing the sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxin Qiu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoying Liu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Mao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Weipeng Teng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, P. R. China
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