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Tahami MS, Dincă V, Lee KM, Vila R, Joshi M, Heikkilä M, Dapporto L, Schmid S, Huemer P, Mutanen M. Genomics Reveal Admixture and Unexpected Patterns of Diversity in a Parapatric Pair of Butterflies. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12122009. [PMID: 34946956 PMCID: PMC8700966 DOI: 10.3390/genes12122009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the evolutionary relationship of two widely distributed parapatric butterfly species, Melitaea athalia and Melitaea celadussa, using the ddRAD sequencing approach, as well as genital morphology and mtDNA data. M. athalia was retrieved as paraphyletic with respect to M. celadussa. Several cases of mito-nuclear discordance and morpho-genetic mismatch were found in the contact zone. A strongly diverged and marginally sympatric clade of M. athalia from the Balkans was revealed. An in-depth analysis of genomic structure detected high levels of admixture between M. athalia and M. celadussa at the contact zone, though not reaching the Balkan clade. The demographic modelling of populations supported the intermediate genetic make-up of European M. athalia populations with regards to M. celadussa and the Balkan clade. However, the dissimilarity matrix of genotype data (PCoA) suggested the Balkan lineage having a genetic component that is unrelated to the athalia-celadussa group. Although narrowly sympatric, almost no signs of gene flow were found between the main M. athalia group and the Balkan clade. We propose two possible scenarios on the historical evolution of our model taxa and the role of the last glacial maximum in shaping their current distribution. Finally, we discuss the complexities regarding the taxonomic delimitation of parapatric taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Sadat Tahami
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (V.D.); (K.M.L.); (M.J.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vlad Dincă
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (V.D.); (K.M.L.); (M.J.); (M.M.)
| | - Kyung Min Lee
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (V.D.); (K.M.L.); (M.J.); (M.M.)
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC—Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Mukta Joshi
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (V.D.); (K.M.L.); (M.J.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Heikkilä
- Zoology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 17, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Leonardo Dapporto
- Numerical and Experimental Zoology Laboratory (ZEN Lab), Dipartimento di Biologia, Dell’ Università di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
| | - Sarah Schmid
- Departement de Biologie Computationnelle, Faculte de Biologie et Medecine, Universite de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Peter Huemer
- Tiroler Landesmuseen Betriebsges.m.b.H., Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen, Krajnc-Str. 1, A-6060 Hall, Austria;
| | - Marko Mutanen
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (V.D.); (K.M.L.); (M.J.); (M.M.)
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Hinojosa JC, Dapporto L, Brockmann E, Dincă V, Tikhonov V, Grishin N, Lukhtanov VA, Vila R. Overlooked cryptic diversity in Muschampia (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) adds two species to the European butterfly fauna. Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cryptic species represent a challenge for documenting global biodiversity. Even in well-studied groups, such as European butterflies, the application of integrative approaches has allowed the recognition of an unexpected number of cryptic taxa. Here, we combine the analysis of mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase I, COI) and nuclear (internal transcribed spacer 2, ITS2) markers with geometric morphometrics of the male genitalia to study diversity within the butterfly Muschampia proto. The nuclear marker reveals three well-supported and deeply diverged lineages, which are also detected based on mitochondrial DNA, although the latter recovers one of them as paraphyletic with poor support. These lineages also present distinct male genital characters, which allow blind assignment of > 97% of specimens when applying a jackknife procedure. We conclude that M. proto comprises three cryptic species that started to differentiate ~2 Mya: M. proto, distributed in northern Africa, the Iberian Peninsula and southern France; Muschampia alta comb. & stat. nov., occurring in southern Italy and the Balkan Peninsula; and Muschampia proteides, present in the easternmost part of Europe, the Near East and Iran. This discovery adds two new species to the European butterfly fauna and highlights the necessity to continue investigating potential cryptic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan C Hinojosa
- Institut de Biologia Evolutive (CSIC-UPF), Passeig de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonardo Dapporto
- ZEN lab, Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Florence, via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Vlad Dincă
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Valentin Tikhonov
- North Caucasus Federal University, Ulitsa Pushkina 1, Stavropol, Russia
| | - Nick Grishin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vladimir A Lukhtanov
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya 1, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutive (CSIC-UPF), Passeig de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, Spain
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Dincă V, Bálint Z, Vodă R, Dapporto L, Hebert PDN, Vila R. Use of genetic, climatic, and microbiological data to inform reintroduction of a regionally extinct butterfly. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2018; 32:828-837. [PMID: 29569277 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Species reintroductions are increasingly used as means of mitigating biodiversity loss. Besides habitat quality at the site targeted for reintroduction, the choice of source population can be critical for success. The butterfly Melanargia russiae (Esper´s marbled white) was extirpated from Hungary over 100 years ago, and a reintroduction program has recently been approved. We used museum specimens of this butterfly, mitochondrial DNA data (mtDNA), endosymbiont screening, and climatic-similarity analyses to determine which extant populations should be used for its reintroduction. The species displayed 2 main mtDNA lineages across its range: 1 restricted to Iberia and southern France (Iberian lineage) and another found throughout the rest of its range (Eurasian lineage). These 2 lineages possessed highly divergent wsp alleles of the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia. The century-old Hungarian specimens represented an endemic haplotype belonging to the Eurasian lineage, differing by one mutation from the Balkan and eastern European populations. The Hungarian populations of M. russiae occurred in areas with a colder and drier climate relative to most sites with extant known populations. Our results suggest the populations used for reintroduction to Hungary should belong to the Eurasian lineage, preferably from eastern Ukraine (genetically close and living in areas with the highest climatic similarity). Materials stored in museum collections can provide unique opportunities to document historical genetic diversity and help direct conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Dincă
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Finland
| | - Zsolt Bálint
- Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Baross utca 13, 1088, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Raluca Vodă
- DBIOS Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Leonardo Dapporto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50109, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Paul D N Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
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Hernández-Roldán JL, Dapporto L, Dincă V, Vicente JC, Hornett EA, Šíchová J, Lukhtanov VA, Talavera G, Vila R. Integrative analyses unveil speciation linked to host plant shift inSpialiabutterflies. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:4267-84. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan L. Hernández-Roldán
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra); Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37 E-08003 Barcelona Spain
- Departamento de Biología (Zoología); Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; C/ Darwin 2 E-28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Leonardo Dapporto
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra); Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37 E-08003 Barcelona Spain
- Department of Biology; University of Florence; Via Madonna del Piano 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI Italy
| | - Vlad Dincă
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra); Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37 E-08003 Barcelona Spain
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario; University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario Canada N1G 2W1
| | | | - Emily A. Hornett
- Department of Zoology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge CB2 3EJ UK
| | - Jindra Šíchová
- Institute of Entomology; Biology Centre ASCR; 370 05 České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir A. Lukhtanov
- Department of Karyosystematics; Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences; Universitetskaya nab. 1 199034 St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Entomology; St. Petersburg State University; Universitetskaya nab. 7/9 199034 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Gerard Talavera
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra); Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37 E-08003 Barcelona Spain
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology; Harvard University; Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra); Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37 E-08003 Barcelona Spain
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Vodă R, Dapporto L, Dincă V, Shreeve TG, Khaldi M, Barech G, Rebbas K, Sammut P, Scalercio S, Hebert PDN, Vila R. Historical and contemporary factors generate unique butterfly communities on islands. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28828. [PMID: 27353723 PMCID: PMC4926222 DOI: 10.1038/srep28828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms shaping island biotas are not yet well understood mostly because of a lack of studies comparing eco-evolutionary fingerprints over entire taxonomic groups. Here, we linked community structure (richness, frequency and nestedness) and genetic differentiation (based on mitochondrial DNA) in order to compare insular butterfly communities occurring over a key intercontinental area in the Mediterranean (Italy-Sicily-Maghreb). We found that community characteristics and genetic structure were influenced by a combination of contemporary and historical factors, and among the latter, connection during the Pleistocene had an important impact. We showed that species can be divided into two groups with radically different properties: widespread taxa had high dispersal capacity, a nested pattern of occurrence, and displayed little genetic structure, while rare species were mainly characterized by low dispersal, high turnover and genetically differentiated populations. These results offer an unprecedented view of the distinctive butterfly communities and of the main processes determining them on each studied island and highlight the importance of assessing the phylogeographic value of populations for conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Vodă
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37, 08003, Barcelona,Spain
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Leonardo Dapporto
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37, 08003, Barcelona,Spain
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Vlad Dincă
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37, 08003, Barcelona,Spain
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tim G. Shreeve
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Mourad Khaldi
- Département d’Agronomie, Université Mohamed Boudiaf de M’sila, 28000 M’sila, Algeria
| | - Ghania Barech
- Département des sciences de la nature et de la vie, Université Mohamed Boudiaf de M’sila, 28000 M’sila, Algeria
| | - Khellaf Rebbas
- Département des sciences de la nature et de la vie, Université Mohamed Boudiaf de M’sila, 28000 M’sila, Algeria
| | - Paul Sammut
- 137, “Fawkner/2” Dingli Road, Rabat RBT 9023, Malta
| | - Stefano Scalercio
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Unità di Ricerca per la Selvicoltura in Ambiente Mediterraneo, c.da Li Rocchi, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Paul D. N. Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37, 08003, Barcelona,Spain
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Dincă V, Montagud S, Talavera G, Hernández-Roldán J, Munguira ML, García-Barros E, Hebert PDN, Vila R. DNA barcode reference library for Iberian butterflies enables a continental-scale preview of potential cryptic diversity. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12395. [PMID: 26205828 PMCID: PMC4513295 DOI: 10.1038/srep12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
How common are cryptic species--those overlooked because of their morphological similarity? Despite its wide-ranging implications for biology and conservation, the answer remains open to debate. Butterflies constitute the best-studied invertebrates, playing a similar role as birds do in providing models for vertebrate biology. An accurate assessment of cryptic diversity in this emblematic group requires meticulous case-by-case assessments, but a preview to highlight cases of particular interest will help to direct future studies. We present a survey of mitochondrial genetic diversity for the butterfly fauna of the Iberian Peninsula with unprecedented resolution (3502 DNA barcodes for all 228 species), creating a reliable system for DNA-based identification and for the detection of overlooked diversity. After compiling available data for European butterflies (5782 sequences, 299 species), we applied the Generalized Mixed Yule-Coalescent model to explore potential cryptic diversity at a continental scale. The results indicate that 27.7% of these species include from two to four evolutionary significant units (ESUs), suggesting that cryptic biodiversity may be higher than expected for one of the best-studied invertebrate groups and regions. The ESUs represent important units for conservation, models for studies of evolutionary and speciation processes, and sentinels for future research to unveil hidden diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Dincă
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37, 08003, Barcelona,Spain
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sergio Montagud
- Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva (ICBiBE) - Universitat de València, Carrer Catedràtic José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Gerard Talavera
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37, 08003, Barcelona,Spain
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Faculty of Biology and Soil Science, St Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Juan Hernández-Roldán
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Department of Biology, Campus Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel L. Munguira
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Department of Biology, Campus Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique García-Barros
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Department of Biology, Campus Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul D. N. Hebert
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37, 08003, Barcelona,Spain
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Habel JC, Zachos FE, Dapporto L, Rödder D, Radespiel U, Tellier A, Schmitt T. Population genetics revisited - towards a multidisciplinary research field. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Christian Habel
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group; Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management; School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan; Technische Universität München; D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan Germany
| | | | - Leonardo Dapporto
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences; Oxford Brookes University; Headington Oxford OX3 0BP UK
| | - Dennis Rödder
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig; D-53113 Bonn Germany
| | - Ute Radespiel
- Institute of Zoology; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; D-30559 Hannover Germany
| | - Aurélien Tellier
- Section of Population Genetics; Technische Universität München; D-85354 Freising Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute; D-15374 Müncheberg Germany
- Department of Zoology; Institute of Biology; Faculty of Natural Sciences I; Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg; D-06099 Halle (Saale) Germany
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