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Bilevicius E, Van Landeghem C, Stewart SH, Sherry SB, Keough MT. Trait Impulsivity Impedes Maturing Out of Problem Drinking Among Socially Anxious Undergraduates. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 56:101-108. [PMID: 33164042 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Alcohol use follows a developmental trajectory-steadily increasing and peaking in the early stages of emerging adulthood (e.g. first year of university) and declining thereafter. While most individuals 'mature out' of problem drinking as they move through emerging adulthood, some continue to drink heavily and experience serious problems. Tension reduction theory identifies social anxiety (SA) as a potential risk factor for problem drinking during emerging adulthood. However, mixed data suggest that the associations between SA and drinking behaviours are not straightforward. Cross-sectional studies demonstrate that socially anxious emerging adults are at risk for problem drinking, but only if they are also high in trait impulsivity. This study aimed to expand on previous work by examining trait impulsivity as moderator of the prospective associations between SA and maturing out of problem drinking in emerging adulthood. METHODS Undergraduates (N = 302) completed online self-reports at regular intervals (6-months) over an 18-month period, resulting in four waves of data. RESULTS Unconditional latent growth curve models indicated that alcohol problems (but not use) declined linearly over time. Next, conditional growth curve models revealed that SA was associated with impeded maturing out of alcohol problems, but this effect was only present in socially anxious participants with high levels of trait impulsivity. CONCLUSION Our study advances growing literature on the crucial moderating role that impulsivity plays in the SA pathway to problem drinking. Clinical interventions for problem drinking among socially anxious students should both assess for and target concurrent impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bilevicius
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, 190 Dysart Rd., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - Chantal Van Landeghem
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, 190 Dysart Rd., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - Sherry H Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, 8th floor, Abbie J. Lane Building, 5909 Veterans' Memorial Lane, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 2E2.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 6299 South St., Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 3J5
| | - Simon B Sherry
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, 8th floor, Abbie J. Lane Building, 5909 Veterans' Memorial Lane, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 2E2.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 6299 South St., Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 3J5
| | - Matthew T Keough
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele St., North York, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
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Grodin EN, Green RJ, Ray LA. An Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Stimulant, Sedative, and Affective Responses to Alcohol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:2298-2306. [PMID: 32944932 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective response (SR) to acute alcohol reflects individual variance to the sensitivity of alcohol's pharmacological effects. It has been argued that measures of stimulation and sedation may not fully capture the full-range SR, with 2 novel domains proposed: high arousal negative and low arousal positive. While substantial progress has been made in the field of SR and alcohol use risk, it remains unknown how these novel domains correspond to traditional SR measures. Therefore, the current study examined the latent structure of traditional and novel SR measures at rising breath alcohol concentrations (BrACs) during alcohol administration. METHODS Heavy drinkers (n = 67; 36M/31F) participated in an intravenous alcohol administration. Questionnaires assessing stimulation, sedation, mood, valence and arousal, and craving were assessed at baseline and at BrACs of 20, 40, and 60 mg%. A series of exploratory factor analyses were conducted to examine the latent factor structure of SR at each time point. Correlations examined the association between the generated factors and measures of problematic alcohol use. RESULTS The analysis generated a 3-factor solution, consistent across all time points. The factors measured the following effects of SR: (i) stimulation and positive mood, (ii) sedation and aversive effects, and (iii) tension reduction. The tension reduction factor was most commonly associated with problematic alcohol use in this sample. CONCLUSION This study extends upon the literature evaluating the biobehavioral effects of alcohol by examining a novel combination of SR to alcohol measures. This study demonstrates that the proposed low arousal positive domain, which loaded onto the tension reduction factor, provides novel information not captured by previous SR measures. Going forward, studies of alcohol's subjective effects should use this dimensional approach to reduce multiple comparisons across a wide range of scales and to build a literature grounded on the underlying structure of SR as a translational phenotype for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica N Grodin
- From the, Department of Psychology, (ENG, RG, LAR), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Re Joyce Green
- From the, Department of Psychology, (ENG, RG, LAR), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lara A Ray
- From the, Department of Psychology, (ENG, RG, LAR), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, (LAR), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Altan-Atalay A, Zeytun D. The Association of Negative Urgency with Psychological Distress: Moderating Role of Proactive Coping Strategies. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 154:487-498. [PMID: 32644035 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2020.1784824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative urgency, which is the tendency to act impulsively under the influence of negative emotions, is a risk factor for various psychological disorders including anxiety and depression. In contrast, proactive coping is a future oriented coping strategy that aims to prepare the self for future stressors by reappraising the stressors as challenges or keep oneself prepared for impending losses. Although the effect of proactive coping and preventive coping strategies on reducing depression and anxiety has been consistently documented, the association of their interaction with risk factors received little attention. In the current study, the moderator roles of two dimensions of Proactive Coping strategies in the association of negative urgency with anxiety and depression, is examined. Data were collected from 404 individuals (255 women) aged 18 to 59 (M = 31.29, SD = 11.70) through scales assessing negative urgency, proactive coping, anxiety and depression from a community sample. The results revealed that the interaction of proactive coping with negative urgency to be significantly associated with individual differences in depression scores, indicating that appraising the threats as challenges may have potential for buffering the effects of negative urgency on depression. However, a similar pattern was not observed for anxiety or preventive coping.
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Read JP, Radomski S, Wardell JD. Posttraumatic Stress and Problem Drinking at the Transition Out of College. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2017; 18:440-449. [PMID: 28378102 PMCID: PMC5519821 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-017-0778-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to examine how symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may confer drinking risk as students with trauma histories complete college and move toward independent adulthood. Students (N = 283) completed assessments of trauma, posttraumatic stress, and alcohol use and consequences at four time points during the year following their fourth year of college. Some students had transitioned out of the college environment, whereas others had not. We examined how transition status moderated within-person associations between changes in PTSD and corresponding changes in alcohol outcomes over time. Using multilevel modeling, we examined differences in within-person PTSD-alcohol associations comparing students who were (1) continuing as fifth-year seniors, (2) graduated and pursuing graduate education, and (3) graduated and left the university setting. Alcohol use and consequences tended to decline on average from the fourth to fifth year post-matriculation. Yet, within-person increases in posttraumatic stress symptomatology across the fifth year were associated with greater alcohol consequences, but only for those students who had left the university setting. These data suggest that the transition out of college may be an important developmental context that is associated with increased vulnerability for negative consequences from stress-related drinking. Findings may have important implications for campus-based prevention efforts geared toward the facilitation of a successful transition into independent adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer P Read
- Department of Psychology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
| | - Sharon Radomski
- Department of Psychology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Wardell
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
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Erratum. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:2467. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ray LA, Bujarski S, Roche DJO. Subjective Response to Alcohol as a Research Domain Criterion. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:6-17. [PMID: 26727518 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual differences in the subjective experience of the pharmacological effects of alcohol have long been implicated in the likelihood that one will drink heavily and develop alcoholism. The theme of this conceptual review and perspective article is to synthesize the literature on subjective responses to alcohol and to set an agenda for the next generation of research in the area. Specifically, we contend that in order for subjective response to alcohol to play a prominent role in alcoholism research, it is critical that it be studied as a multimodal phenotype. METHODS First, we review the human research on subjective response to alcohol measured under controlled laboratory conditions and draw recommendations for the application of these findings to understanding alcoholism neurobiology in humans. Second, we highlight multimodal approaches, including studies of the genetic and neural substrates of individual differences in subjective response to alcohol. Third, we review treatment implications with a focus on subjective response to alcohol as an intervention target. Upon review of the research on subjective response to alcohol across levels of analyses, we provide recommendations for leveraging these phenotypes in a systematic and methodologically rigorous fashion that can address central questions about alcoholism etiology, disease progression, and personalized treatment. DISCUSSION The approach recommended herein is largely consistent with the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative across the National Institute of Mental Health. The defining feature of such domains is that they inform behavior yet be amenable to examination through multiple units of analysis, such as molecular, genetic, circuit-level, and behavioral measurements. To that end, we contend that subjective response to alcohol represents a behaviorally and biologically plausible phenotype upon which to build using the RDoC framework for understanding alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara A Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Spencer Bujarski
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel J O Roche
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Jones HW, Dean AC, Price KA, London ED. Increased self-reported impulsivity in methamphetamine users maintaining drug abstinence. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2016; 42:500-506. [PMID: 27398730 PMCID: PMC5055455 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2016.1192639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity has been proposed as an important factor in the initiation and maintenance of addiction. Indirect evidence suggests that some methamphetamine users report less impulsivity when they are using methamphetamine compared to when abstaining from drug use, but this hypothesis has not been directly tested. OBJECTIVES/METHODS In this study, self-reports of impulsivity were obtained from 32 methamphetamine-dependent (DSM-IV) research participants and 41 healthy control subjects, using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11. The methamphetamine users were assessed during an active period of methamphetamine use, as determined through urinalysis, and again after approximately 1 week of confirmed abstinence. Control subjects likewise completed two assessments. A subset of participants also completed serial assessments of the Beck Depression Inventory (Methamphetamine Group, N = 17, Control Group, N = 38) and the Methamphetamine Withdrawal Questionnaire (Methamphetamine Group, N = 12). RESULTS There was a significant interaction of group with time on impulsivity (p = 0.044), reflecting a significant increase from the first to the second assessment in the methamphetamine users (p = 0.013), but no change among healthy control subjects. In contrast, depressive and withdrawal symptoms significantly decreased between the first and second assessments in the methamphetamine users (ps ≤0.01). Change in impulsivity in methamphetamine users was not significantly correlated with change in withdrawal or depression (ps >0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that methamphetamine users report more impulsivity when abstaining from drug use, an effect that is not significantly related to methamphetamine withdrawal. Attenuation of impulsivity may reinforce continued methamphetamine use in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah W. Jones
- Fuller Graduate School of Psychology, Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Andy C. Dean
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Price
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edythe D. London
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Hoptman MJ, Ahmed AO. Neural Foundations of Mood-Induced Impulsivity and Impulsive Aggression in Schizophrenia. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-016-0081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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