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Bowers KM, Terrones LD, Sun X, Rifkin R, Croy E, Adair HS, Mulon PY, Hecht S, Anderson DE. Changes in tibial cortical dimensions and density associated with long-term locking plate fixation in goats. J Exp Orthop 2023; 10:111. [PMID: 37934300 PMCID: PMC10634227 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-023-00669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cortical porosis, secondary to either vascular injury or stress-shielding, is a comorbidity of fracture fixation using compression bone plating. Locking plate constructs have unique mechanics of load transmission and lack of reliance on contact pressures for fixation stability, so secondary cortical porosis adjacent to the plate has not been widely investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effects of long-term locking plate fixation on cortical dimensions and density in a caprine tibial segmental ostectomy model. METHODS Data was acquired from a population of goats enrolled in ongoing orthopedic research which utilized locking plate fixation of 2 cm tibial diaphyseal segmental defects to evaluate bone healing over periods of 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Quantitative data included tibial cortical width measurements and three-dimensionally reconstructed slab density measurements, both assessed using computed tomographic examinations performed at the time of plate removal. Additional surgical and demographic variables were analyzed for effect on cortical widths and density, and all cis-cortex measurements were compared to both the trans-cortex and to the contralateral limbs. RESULTS The tibial cis-cortex was significantly wider and more irregular than the trans-cortex at the same level. This width asymmetry differed in both magnitude and direction from the contralateral limb. The bone underlying the plate was significantly less dense than the trans-cortex, and this cortical density difference was significantly greater than that of the contralateral limb. These cortical changes were independent of both duration of fixation and degree of ostectomy bone healing. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that cortical bone loss consistent with cortical porosity is a comorbidity of locking plate fixation in a caprine tibial ostectomy model. Further research is necessary to identify risk factors for locking-plate-associated bone loss and to inform clinical decisions in cases necessitating long-term locking plate fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Bowers
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA.
| | - Lori D Terrones
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Xiaocun Sun
- Office of Information Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Rebecca Rifkin
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Elizabeth Croy
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Henry S Adair
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Pierre-Yves Mulon
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Silke Hecht
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - David E Anderson
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
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Jing L, He P, Ding D, Qu C, Shao B, Ma J, Wang J. Osteomorphological features of the hind limb bones of Saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica). Anat Histol Embryol 2020; 50:32-42. [PMID: 32713073 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The intralimb indices and calcaneal linear metrics are known as the reliable predictors of locomotor adaptation in artiodactyls. The osteological features of hindlimb in adult Saiga (Saiga tatarica) were described, and its correlation with cursoriality and habitat adaptation was discussed. Gross anatomy data showed Saiga owned the deep acetabulum as a broad lunate surface, the large acetabular anteversion, the well-developed ischiatic tuberosity and the prominent gluteal lines. It also presented the robust rough line and the strong gluteal tuberosity. A proximodistally elongated eminence located on the cranially distal tibia, which had not been found in goat. The tibial extensor groove was deep. The calcaneal tuberosity was robust. Digital anatomy data showed Saiga owned the higher metatarsal-femur ratio than forest musk deer and sheep. Comparing with wild bovids and sheep, Saiga presented a transitional variation in calcaneal form. The mean greatest length of the calcaneus (GLC) and the height of the sustentacular facet (HSF) in Saiga were shorter than that in sheep and longer than that in wild bovids respectively (F = 587.492; F = 10.264, p < .05). The wild bovids had longer cubonavicular facets than the other two groups (F = 18.587, p < .05). The great metatarsal-femur ratio of Saiga implied a superior cursorial ability and high conservation confronting the different habitats. The calcaneal linear metrics might shed light on lifestyle-related functional adaptation over decades of short-term evolution in the semi-free range environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libaihe Jing
- Department of Zoology and Biomedical Science, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng He
- Department of Zoology and Biomedical Science, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongfang Ding
- Department of Zoology and Biomedical Science, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Can Qu
- Department of Zoology and Biomedical Science, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baoping Shao
- Department of Zoology and Biomedical Science, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jizhong Ma
- Gansu Protection Center of Endangered Animals, Wuwei, China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- Department of Zoology and Biomedical Science, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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