1
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Rentiya ZS, Mandal S, Inban P, Vempalli H, Dabbara R, Ali S, Kaur K, Adegbite A, Intsiful TA, Jayan M, Odoma VA, Khan A. Revolutionizing Breast Cancer Detection With Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Radiology and Radiation Oncology: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e57619. [PMID: 38711711 PMCID: PMC11073588 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The number one cause of cancer in women worldwide is breast cancer. Over the last three decades, the use of traditional screen-film mammography has increased, but in recent years, digital mammography and 3D tomosynthesis have become standard procedures for breast cancer screening. With the advancement of technology, the interpretation of images using automated algorithms has become a subject of interest. Initially, computer-aided detection (CAD) was introduced; however, it did not show any long-term benefit in clinical practice. With recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) methods, these technologies are showing promising potential for more accurate and efficient automated breast cancer detection and treatment. While AI promises widespread integration in breast cancer detection and treatment, challenges such as data quality, regulatory, ethical implications, and algorithm validation are crucial. Addressing these is essential for fully realizing AI's potential in enhancing early diagnosis and improving patient outcomes in breast cancer management. In this review article, we aim to provide an overview of the latest developments and applications of AI in breast cancer screening and treatment. While the existing literature primarily consists of retrospective studies, ongoing and future prospective research is poised to offer deeper insights. Artificial intelligence is on the verge of widespread integration into breast cancer detection and treatment, holding the potential to enhance early diagnosis and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubir S Rentiya
- Radiation Oncology & Radiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Shobha Mandal
- Neurology, Regional Neurological Associates, New York, USA
- Internal Medicine, Salem Internal Medicine, Primary Care (PC), Pennsville, USA
| | | | | | - Rishika Dabbara
- Internal Medicine, Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Sofia Ali
- Medicine, Peninsula Medical School, Plymouth, GBR
| | - Kirpa Kaur
- Medicine, Howard Community College, Ellicott City, USA
| | | | - Tarsha A Intsiful
- Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical Center, Accra, GHA
| | - Malavika Jayan
- Internal Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, IND
| | - Victor A Odoma
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Cardiovascular Medicine/Oncology (Acuity Adaptable Unit), Indiana University Health, Bloomington, USA
| | - Aadil Khan
- Trauma Surgery, Order of St. Francis (OSF) St Francis Medical Centre, University of Illinois Chicago, Peoria, USA
- Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
- Internal Medicine, Lala Lajpat Rai (LLR) Hospital, Kanpur, IND
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2
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Saidi A, Cavallo C, Del Giudice T, Vecchio R, Cicia G. Consumer preferences for finfish: A systematic literature review. Food Qual Prefer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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3
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Berry JW. The Forgotten Field: Contexts for Cross-Cultural Psychology. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00220221221093810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cross-cultural psychology has employed the concept of the “field” in two ways. First, as articulated by Lewin, it is the larger context in which all individuals develop their behaviors and now express them; it is a conceptual space within which to situate human behavior. Second, it refers to the cultures and communities in which anthropologists have usually worked, making observations of daily life, and then describing the cultures of the people; it is a physical and symbolic space in which human activity takes place. These two meanings share common features: they both consider that all human behavior develops and is exhibited in contexts; and that these contexts need to be studied and described before human activity can be understood and interpreted. I argue that it is essential for cross-cultural psychology to use and study both meanings of the field concept if we are to make valid interpretations of the origins (roots) and the influences (routes) on behaviors that we observe and assess in our research and practice. Starting over 100 years ago, collaboration between anthropologists and psychologists established the field of cross-cultural psychology. This collaboration continued for many years, but has diminished in recent times. I argue for the necessity to return to the field in both senses in order for our field to advance. This paper examines these two meanings in the disciplines of anthropology and psychology, and presents some elaborations of them, using the ecocultural framework as a general guide, and an arc framework as a specific exposition of it. Examples of fieldwork in psychology and anthropology are presented to provide substance to these frameworks. The claim is made that our discipline has largely abandoned the concept of the field, and proposes a way to correct this error.
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King RB. Sociocultural and ecological perspectives on achievement motivation. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronnel B. King
- Centre for the Enhancement of Teaching and Learning Faculty of Education The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
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Mitra A, Bond MH, Lu Q, Guay RP, Shaw JD. Work and nonwork engagements between life domains: Effects on subjective health and life satisfaction of employees across 53 nations varying in economic competitiveness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/14705958211034052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Using the framework of role balance theory, the authors take a cross-national view of an employee’s engagement in the work and nonwork domains of life. Employing the World Values Survey (WVS) with a sample of 21,270 married employees from 53 nations, we find cross-national variations in the relationship of employees’ degree of work and nonwork domain engagements with their subjective health and satisfaction with life. To explore the impact of the national focus on motivation for economic productivity and innovation, we used a country’s global competitiveness index (GCI), predicting that a nation’s GCI would moderate the relationship of an employee’s work and nonwork domain engagements with both subjective health and life satisfaction. Overall, the results suggest that work–nonwork balance leads to better subjective health and higher life satisfaction only for married employees living in nations high in GCI; for married employees living in countries low in GCI, higher subjective health and life satisfaction resulted for those more highly engaged in nonwork life domains. Theoretical and methodological contributions are discussed, along with implications for future research on national culture concerning work and its impact on employed persons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qing Lu
- Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, China
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Shimizu H, Takahashi C, Koike M, Fukui K, Nakashima K. How do Changes in One's Self‐Esteem Affect the Self‐Esteem of Others? JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jpr.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Ng JCK, Cheung VWT, Wong HSM, Leung SMY, Lau VCY. Is It Helpful to Believe That Efforts Will Lead to Positive Outcomes? Two Cross-Lagged Panel Investigations among Adolescents and Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207585. [PMID: 33086497 PMCID: PMC7589495 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the role of self-views in life satisfaction has been extensively investigated. Recently, growing attention has been directed to the question of whether an optimistic worldview, termed "reward for application", helps boost life satisfaction. Conceptually, the association between reward for application and life satisfaction can be paradoxical. Due to various methodological and theoretical shortfalls, previous investigations were unable to draw a robust conclusion on this association. To address these shortfalls, two cross-lagged panel studies were conducted with different time lags. Over and above the potential confounds of self-views (namely, self-esteem and self-rated personality traits), reward for application had a positive effect on lagged life satisfaction among both adolescents and young adults, while the reverse effect was not found. Moreover, we found support for the multiplicative effect between worldviews and self-views, in which the positive effect of reward for application on life satisfaction was attenuated by high self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacky C. K. Ng
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vince W. T. Cheung
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Helen S. M. Wong
- Division of Business and Hospitality Management, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (H.S.M.W.); (S.M.Y.L.)
| | - Sherry M. Y. Leung
- Division of Business and Hospitality Management, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (H.S.M.W.); (S.M.Y.L.)
| | - Victor C. Y. Lau
- Department of Social Work, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China;
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Kashima Y. The cultural in the social: A reflection on sociocultural models approaches. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Kashima
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
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Smith PB, Bond MH. Cultures and Persons: Characterizing National and Other Types of Cultural Difference Can Also Aid Our Understanding and Prediction of Individual Variability. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2689. [PMID: 31849785 PMCID: PMC6901915 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Valid understanding of the relationship between cultures and persons requires an adequate conceptualization of the many contexts within which individuals work and live. These contexts include the more distal features of the individual’s birth ecology and ethno-national group history. These features converge more proximally upon individual experience as “process” variables, through the institutional–normative constraints and affordances encountered through socialization into a diverse set of cultural groupings. This enculturation is then revealed in the individual’s response profile of values, beliefs, choices, and behaviors at any given time. Cross-cultural psychologists have typically compared these encultured responses cross-nationally by averaging the scores of equivalent groups of persons across national groups, terming these average differences “cultural differences.” This procedure has generated considerable resistance, primarily due to careless over-generalization of results to all members of a given cultural group. Critics of nation-based characterizations have challenged their methodological and conceptual inadequacies, but we now know better how to address the measurement-related aspects of culture-level “psychological” variables, such as individualism–collectivism. In challenging the accuracy of these measures, critics have also neglected to acknowledge the continuing predictive and discriminant validity of these dimensions of national culture. We here review the utility of more recent measurements. We then show how nation-level comparisons can be used by psychologists to improve our understanding of individual, rather than group, outcomes. Nations are heterogeneous amalgams of ethnicities, social classes, organizations, school systems, and families. Individuals’ socialization into these groups affects their functioning at any given point in life. These enculturations are further dependent on their gender, age, and education. Assessment of culture’s relation with individual functioning requires adequate measurement of both personality and normative aspects of situations in which behavior is enacted. Once this integration of cultural influences is achieved, the logic and methodology for integrating national culture into psychological models of individual behavior can be applied within any nation where research focuses on how within-nation cultural variation affects individual functioning. Culture, conceptualized as normative group constraints, becomes more widely amenable to study, and the hard lessons learned from cross-national research can be used to guide the practice of more locally sensitive research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Harris Bond
- Department of Management and Marketing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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10
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Kwantes CT, Bond MH. Organizational justice and autonomy as moderators of the relationship between social and organizational cynicism. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Lu Q, Huang X, Bond MH, Xu EH. Committing to Work at the Expense of Other Life Pursuits: The Consequence of Individuals’ Relative Centrality of Work Across Job Types and Nations Differing in Performance Orientation. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022119865614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Relative centrality of work (RCW) is defined as the psychological importance given by individuals regarding work relative to the importance they attach to other major domains of living. Prior evidence has been inconclusive in terms of how RCW might influence the life satisfaction (LS) of individuals. Hence, in this study, we hypothesize that this relationship is regulated by an individual’s current job features (job complexity [JC]) and national culture concerning work (performance orientation [PO]) independently and jointly. On the basis of representative samples of 23,622 employees from 33 nations, we find that the RCW–LS relationship is negative when JC is low. By contrast, high JC eliminates but does not reverse this negative trend. This two-way interaction only exists when employees simultaneously live in a nation whose culture stresses performance improvements and achievement of rewards from work, that is, nations with high PO. Although an individual’s national–cultural context does not moderate the RCW–LS linkage, it functions by making work relative to other life domains (RCW) and job characteristics (high JC) highly important in deriving satisfaction from one’s life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lu
- Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - Erica H. Xu
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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12
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Un cadre psychosocial d’intervention pour accompagner le développement et le déploiement d’une technologie nouvelle. PSYCHOLOGIE DU TRAVAIL ET DES ORGANISATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pto.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Bond MH, Smith PB. Discovering Culture’s Influence in Studies of Individual Behavior in Organizational Settings: A Challenging Proposal. INTERNATIONAL STUDIES OF MANAGEMENT & ORGANIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00208825.2018.1504475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Harris Bond
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
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Rauthmann J, Sherman R. Toward a Research Agenda for the Study of Situation Perceptions: A Variance Componential Framework. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2018; 23:238-266. [DOI: 10.1177/1088868318765600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Situation perception represents the fulcrum of a “psychology of situations” because situation ratings are ubiquitous. However, no systematic research program exists so far, particularly because two competing traditions have not been integrated: Objectivist views stress situations’ consensually shared meanings (social reality), and subjectivist views idiosyncratic meanings (personal reality). A componential framework can disentangle social from personal reality in situation perceptions: When multiple perceivers (P) rate multiple situations (S) on multiple situation characteristics (C), variance in those ratings can be decomposed according to S × C, P × S, and P × C breakdowns. Six grand questions of situation perception research are spawned from these decompositions: complexity, similarity, assimilation, consensus, uniqueness, and accuracy. Analyses of real data are provided to exemplify our ideas, along with customizable R codes for all methods. A componential framework allows novel and unique insights into different questions surrounding situation perceptions and provides a coherent research agenda.
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Iliescu D, Dincă M, Bond MH. The Increment of Social Axioms over Broad Personality Traits in the Prediction of Dyadic Adjustment: An Investigation across Four Ethnic Groups. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/per.2131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between personality, social axioms, and dyadic adjustment. A sample of 420 participants (210 heterosexual couples), approximately evenly distributed between four ethnic backgrounds (Romanian, Hungarian, German, and Rroma), was investigated in a cross–sectional approach with the Romanian versions of the Social Axioms Survey, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. The analyses were based on the actor–partner interdependence model. The results showed that social axioms show incremental validity over personality traits in the prediction of dyadic adjustment, attesting to the usefulness of a worldview measure in predicting interpersonal outcomes over and above that provided by a measure of personality. Three of the five dimensions of social axioms were associated with dyadic adjustment, with either actor or partner effects. A few significant differences have been found between the various ethnic groups on effects of the social axioms on dyadic adjustment: The positive actor effect of reward for application is not visible for German men, the negative partner effect of social cynicism is not detectable for Rroma men, and the negative partner effect of social complexity is not visible for Rroma women. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragos Iliescu
- Department of Psychology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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16
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Smith PB, Ahmad AH, Owe E, Celikkol GC, Ping H, Gavreliuc A, Chobthamkit P, Rizwan M, Chen SX, Teh HB, Vignoles VL. Nation-Level Moderators of the Extent to Which Self-Efficacy and Relationship Harmony Predict Students’ Depression and Life Satisfaction. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022116648210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous two-nation comparisons have provided evidence that self-efficacy may be a protective factor against depression in individualist cultures, whereas relationship harmony may be a stronger protective factor in collectivist cultures. However, wider sampling and more specific measures of cultural difference are required to test these conclusions. Student ratings of depression and life satisfaction were surveyed in 10 samples drawn from nine nations. Culture-level individualism positively moderated the relationship of self-efficacy to low depression. However, culture-level collectivism negatively moderated the linkage of relationship harmony to depression. To better understand these effects, four separate nation-level predictors derived from dimensions of self-construal were employed. Effects of self-efficacy were strongest where cultural models of selfhood emphasized self-direction (vs. receptiveness to influence); effects of relationship harmony were strongest where cultural models of selfhood emphasized dependence on others (vs. self-reliance). These results illustrate the value of unpackaging the diffusely defined concept of individualism-collectivism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hu Ping
- Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Hui Bee Teh
- Klinik Pakar Au Tong, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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17
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Rauthmann JF. Motivational Factors in the Perception of Psychological Situation Characteristics. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Zou X, Leung AKY. Enriching Cultural Psychology With Research Insights on Norms and Intersubjective Representations. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022115614203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zou
- London Business School, UK
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19
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Abstract
Work centrality has been defined as individual beliefs regarding the importance of work in one’s life (Kostek, 2012). In previous research, however, the importance of work has rarely been contrasted with the importance of other life domains and never across sufficient cultural groups to enable cultural moderation of processes around work centrality to be unpackaged. Accordingly, the present study explores the relative centrality of work (RCW) in the lives of employed men and women around the world, examining its predictors by personal attitudes toward work and independence in the individual’s work context. Given that national cultures socialize their members differently regarding the goals of life, we explore the moderating influence of national Self-directedness versus Other-directedness and Civility versus Practicality (Bond & Lun, 2014) along with gender on these individual-level processes. Using 29,080 respondents to the World Values Survey from representative samples of employees in 45 countries, we found that RCW is predicted pan-nationally by the attitude complex, “work as good” (WAG). A nation’s Self-directedness and its Civility, however, amplify WAG effects. Independence at work only associates with RCW for males and for persons in nations socializing its members for Self-directedness and for Civility. These results show how gender and national cultures moderate the predictors of RCW for individual lives around the world, making many of these findings culture-bound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lu
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Hong Kong Baptist University, China
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20
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Benet-Martínez V. Cultural Identity Dynamics and Intersubjective Cultural Representations. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022115609147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Benet-Martínez
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Abstract. There is as yet no consensually agreed-upon situational taxonomy. The current work addresses this issue and reviews extant taxonomic approaches by highlighting a “road map” of six research stations that lead to the observed diversity in taxonomies: (1) theoretical and conceptual guidelines, (2) the “type” of situational information studied, (3) the general taxonomic approach taken, (4) the generation of situation pools, (5) the assessment and rating of situational information, and (6) the statistical analyses of situation data. Current situational taxonomies are difficult to integrate because they follow different paths along these six stations. Some suggestions are given on how to spur integrated taxonomies toward a unified psychology of situations that speaks a common language.
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Guan Y, Chen SX, Levin N, Bond MH, Luo N, Xu J, Zhou X, Chen P, Li C, Fu R, Zhang J, Ji Y, Mo Z, Li Y, Fang Z, Jiang D, Han X. Differences in Career Decision-Making Profiles Between American and Chinese University Students. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022115585874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The current research examined differences in career decision-making profiles (CDMP) between American and Chinese university students, as well as the mediating mechanisms possibly underlying these cultural differences. The results of a survey among American ( n = 929) and Chinese ( n = 945) undergraduates showed that Chinese participants scored significantly higher on consulting with others, desire to please others, willingness to compromise, dependence on others, and procrastination, but lower on aspiration for an ideal occupation, internal locus of control, and effort invested in career decision-making than did the American participants. Using a model based on self-construals and subjective cultural norms, we established that interdependent self-construal, independent self-construal, and the perceived individualism-collectivism norm operative in the respondents’ nation served as important mediators of the relationship between culture and endorsement of the dimensions of the CDMP. Moreover, based on the model of cultural tightness-looseness, the results provided partial support for the prediction that individuals’ personal cultural orientations (e.g., self-construals) served as stronger predictors for CDMP among the American participants than among the Chinese, whereas the perceived cultural norm served as a stronger predictor for CDMP among the Chinese participants than the Americans. The current research provides implications for career decision-making in different cultural groups and suggests the operation of differential mechanisms involved in reaching career decisions across societies varying in individualism-collectivism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Guan
- University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Jingwen Xu
- Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Chendi Li
- Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Yueting Ji
- Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yumeng Li
- Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xue Han
- Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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Rauthmann JF, Sherman RA, Funder DC. Principles of Situation Research: Towards a Better Understanding of Psychological Situations. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/per.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no consensus on how to study psychological situations, and situation research is still riddled with problems of conceptualization (what is a situation and what is it not?) and measurement (how can situational information be assessed?). This target article formulates three core principles (with corollaries) to provide a foundation for psychological situation research: the Processing, Reality and Circularity Principles. These principles build upon each other, ranging from basic to more complex issues (e.g. how to study situations in both objective and subjective terms). They are intended to guide and spur more coherent research programs that produce cumulative knowledge on psychological situations. We conclude with a plea for real–life, multi–method, multi–situation, multi–time, multi–group designs that can illuminate the interwoven dynamics between persons (with their personalities and behaviour) and situations. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology
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The Conscientiousness Paradox: Cultural Mindset Shapes Competence Perception. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/per.1923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Studies comparing personality across cultures have found inconsistencies between self–reports and measures of national character or behaviour, especially on evaluative traits such as Conscientiousness. We demonstrate that self–perceptions and other–perceptions of personality vary with cultural mindset, thereby accounting for some of this inconsistency. Three studies used multiple methods to examine perceptions of Conscientiousness and especially its facet Competence that most characterizes performance evaluations. In Study 1, Mainland Chinese reported lower levels of self–efficacy than did Canadians, with the country effect partially mediated by Canadian participants’ higher level of independent self–construal. In Study 2, language as a cultural prime induced similar effects on Hong Kong bilinguals, who rated themselves as more competent and conscientious when responding in English than in Chinese. Study 3 demonstrated these same effects on ratings of both self–perceived and observer–perceived competence and conscientiousness, with participants changing both their competence–communicating behaviours and self–evaluations in response to the cultural primes of spoken language and ethnicity of an interviewer. These results converge to show that self–perceptions and self–presentations change to fit the social contexts shaped by language and culture. Copyright © 2013 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Morse PJ, Neel R, Todd E, Funder D. Renovating Situation Taxonomies: Exploring the Construction and Content of Fundamental Motive Situation Types. J Pers 2014; 83:389-403. [PMID: 25041350 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present work demonstrates a method for constructing theoretically based situational classifications and exploring their behavioral implications. Fundamental motives theory (FMT; Kenrick, Griskevicius, Neuberg, & Schaller, 2010; Kenrick, Neuberg, Griskevicius, Becker, & Schaller, 2010) proposes that humans have evolved seven specific social motives that would be differentially evoked by different situations. Experts in FMT used the Riverside Situational Q-sort (RSQ) to describe prototypic motive-relevant situations and the Riverside Behavioral Q-sort (RBQ) to construct templates representing predictions of how people would behave in them. A sample of 201 undergraduate participants used the RSQ to describe situations they had experienced within the past 24 hours, and they described their behavior in each situation using the RBQ. For both the RSQ and RBQ, self-protection and disease avoidance templates were highly similar to each other and different from mate-seeking and affiliation templates. Participants more often reported experiencing situations similar to the mate-seeking, affiliation, and kin care templates and less often reported experiencing situations similar to the self-protection and disease avoidance templates. Participants' reported behavior was consistent with expectations from FMT. This study illustrates how relations between situations and behavior can be illuminated through the use of theoretically derived templates.
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Liu JH. Extending Kashima's social construction of reality through the common ground of institutional communication and actors in social roles. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James H. Liu
- Centre for Applied Cross-cultural Research; School of Psychology; Victoria University of Wellington; Wellington New Zealand
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Bond MH. How I am Constructing Culture-inclusive Theories of Social-psychological Process in our Age of Globalization. JOURNAL FOR THE THEORY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jtsb.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Harris Bond
- Department of Management and Marketing; Faculty of Business; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong
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Snyder M. B = f (P, S): Perspectives on persons and situations, from Lewin to Bond and beyond. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Snyder
- Department of Psychology; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis; Minnesota; USA
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Fischer R. Situational challenges: Putting biology, resources and multi-level constraints back into the picture. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Fischer
- Centre for Applied Cross-Cultural Research; School of Psychology; Victoria University of Wellington; Wellington; New Zealand
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