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Inhibition of α 1-Adrenergic, Non-Adrenergic and Neurogenic Human Prostate Smooth Muscle Contraction and of Stromal Cell Growth by the Isoflavones Genistein and Daidzein. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14234943. [PMID: 36500973 PMCID: PMC9735664 DOI: 10.3390/nu14234943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavone-rich legumes, including soy, are used for food production, as dietary supplements and in traditional medicine. Soy consumption correlates negatively with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and voiding symptoms. However, isoflavone effects on the prostate are hardly known. Here, we examined the effects on human prostate smooth muscle contractions and stromal cell growth, which are driving factors of voiding symptoms in BPH. Smooth muscle contractions were induced in prostate tissues from radical prostatectomy. Growth-related functions were studied in cultured stromal cells (WPMY-1). Neurogenic, α1-adrenergic and non-adrenergic contractions were strongly inhibited with 50 µM and by around 50% with 10 µM genistein. Daidzein inhibited neurogenic contractions using 10 and 100 µM. Agonist-induced contractions were inhibited by 100 µM but not 10 µM daidzein. A combination of 6 µM genistein with 5 µM daidzein still inhibited neurogenic and agonist-induced contractions. Proliferation of WPMY-1 cells was inhibited by genistein (>50%) and daidzein (<50%). Genistein induced apoptosis and cell death (by seven-fold relative to controls), while daidzein induced cell death (6.4-fold) without apoptosis. Viability was reduced by genistein (maximum: 87%) and daidzein (62%). In conclusion, soy isoflavones exert sustained effects on prostate smooth muscle contractions and stromal cell growth, which may explain the inverse relationships between soy-rich nutrition, BPH and voiding symptoms.
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Hu X, Li X, Deng P, Zhang Y, Liu R, Cai D, Xu Q, Jiang X, Sun J, Bai W. The consequence and mechanism of dietary flavonoids on androgen profiles and disorders amelioration. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11327-11350. [PMID: 35796699 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2090893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Androgen is a kind of steroid hormone that plays a vital role in reproductive system and homeostasis of the body. Disrupted androgen balance serves as the causal contributor to a series of physiological disorders and even diseases. Flavonoids, as an extremely frequent family of natural polyphenols, exist widely in plants and foods and have received great attention when considering their inevitable consumption and estrogen-like effects. Mounting evidence illustrates that flavonoids have a propensity to interfere with androgen synthesis and metabolism, and also have a designated improvement effect on androgen disorders. Therefore, flavonoids were divided into six subclasses based on the structural feature in this paper, and the literature about their effects on androgens published in the past ten years was summarized. It could be concluded that flavonoids have the potential to regulate androgen levels and biological effects, mainly by interfering with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, androgen synthesis and metabolism, androgen binding with its receptors and membrane receptors, and antioxidant effects. The faced challenges about androgen regulation by flavonoids masterly include target mechanism exploration, individual heterogeneity, food matrixes interaction, and lack of clinical study. This review also provides a scientific basis for nutritional intervention using flavonoids to improve androgen disorder symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Hu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xusheng Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Pan Deng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ruijing Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Based Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Dongbao Cai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qingjie Xu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xinwei Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianxia Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Semenov AL, Gubareva EA, Ermakova ED, Dorofeeva AA, Tumanyan IA, Radetskaya EA, Yurova MN, Aboushanab SA, Kanwugu ON, Fedoros EI, Panchenko AV. Astaxantin and Isoflavones Inhibit Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Normalizing Ca/Mg Balance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2735. [PMID: 34961206 PMCID: PMC8704012 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common pathology among aging men. Despite the broad pharmacological interventions, the available remedies to treat BPH are yet not devoid of side effects. Herbal compounds are suggested to be an alternative option for the BPH treatment. In our study, we evaluated the effect of kudzu isoflavones and astaxanthin on the BPH animal model. The animals were randomly divided into five groups: control; testosterone-induced BPH group; and three BPH-induced groups, which received intragastrically for 28 days finasteride (5 mg/kg) as a positive control, isoflavones (200 mg/kg), and astaxanthin (25 mg/kg). BPH was induced by castration of animals and subsequent subcutaneous injections of prolonged testosterone (25 mg/kg). Prostate index and histology, biochemical parameters, and antioxidant activity were evaluated. A significant decrease in prostate weight, immunohistochemical markers, and normalization of prostate Ca/Mg ratio was found in all treatment groups. Astaxanthin treatment also resulted in decreased epithelial proliferation and normalized superoxide dismutase activity. In conclusion, both isoflavones and astaxanthin inhibited BPH development at a level comparable to finasteride in terms of prostate weight, prostatic epithelium proliferation, and prostate tissue cumulative histology score. These results suggest that isoflavones and especially astaxanthin could serve as a potential alternative therapy to treat BHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L. Semenov
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Leningradskaya str, 68, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.A.G.); (E.D.E.); (A.A.D.); (I.A.T.); (E.A.R.); (M.N.Y.); (E.I.F.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Gubareva
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Leningradskaya str, 68, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.A.G.); (E.D.E.); (A.A.D.); (I.A.T.); (E.A.R.); (M.N.Y.); (E.I.F.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Elena D. Ermakova
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Leningradskaya str, 68, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.A.G.); (E.D.E.); (A.A.D.); (I.A.T.); (E.A.R.); (M.N.Y.); (E.I.F.); (A.V.P.)
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya, 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Dorofeeva
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Leningradskaya str, 68, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.A.G.); (E.D.E.); (A.A.D.); (I.A.T.); (E.A.R.); (M.N.Y.); (E.I.F.); (A.V.P.)
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya, 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina A. Tumanyan
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Leningradskaya str, 68, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.A.G.); (E.D.E.); (A.A.D.); (I.A.T.); (E.A.R.); (M.N.Y.); (E.I.F.); (A.V.P.)
- SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, Lomonosova St. 9, 191002 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Radetskaya
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Leningradskaya str, 68, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.A.G.); (E.D.E.); (A.A.D.); (I.A.T.); (E.A.R.); (M.N.Y.); (E.I.F.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Maria N. Yurova
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Leningradskaya str, 68, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.A.G.); (E.D.E.); (A.A.D.); (I.A.T.); (E.A.R.); (M.N.Y.); (E.I.F.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Saied A. Aboushanab
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Ural Federal University Named after The First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (S.A.A.); (O.N.K.)
| | - Osman N. Kanwugu
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Ural Federal University Named after The First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (S.A.A.); (O.N.K.)
| | - Elena I. Fedoros
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Leningradskaya str, 68, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.A.G.); (E.D.E.); (A.A.D.); (I.A.T.); (E.A.R.); (M.N.Y.); (E.I.F.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Andrey V. Panchenko
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Leningradskaya str, 68, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.A.G.); (E.D.E.); (A.A.D.); (I.A.T.); (E.A.R.); (M.N.Y.); (E.I.F.); (A.V.P.)
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Liu J, Liu L, Zhang G, Peng X. Poria cocos polysaccharides attenuate chronic nonbacterial prostatitis by targeting the gut microbiota: Comparative study of Poria cocos polysaccharides and finasteride in treating chronic prostatitis. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:346-355. [PMID: 34428489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Finasteride is an antiandrogenic drug used for the clinical treatment of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP). Recently, we reported the anti-CNP activity of Poria cocos polysaccharides (PPs) in a rat model. In this study, we compared the differences between PPs and finasteride in treating CNP, especially their effects on the gut microbiota. Results showed that both PPs and finasteride significantly reduced the prostate weight and prostate index of CNP rats, and improved the histological damages in the inflamed prostate. Moreover, PPs and finasteride inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-8) and androgens (dihydrotestosterone and testosterone). By 16S rDNA sequencing, PPs and finasteride were found to reprogram the gut microbiota into distinct profiles. Further analysis presented that PPs but not finasteride recovered CNP-induced changes in the gut microbiota, including Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group, uncultured bacterium f Ruminococcaceae, Ruminiclostridium 9, Phascolarctobacterium, Coriobacteriaceae UCG-002 and Oribacterium. LDA effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed that PPs recovered the gut microbiota by targeting Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group. Our results suggested that PPs alleviated CNP via different mechanisms from finasteride, especially by regulating the gut microbiota, which offers therapeutic target for the treatment of CNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Guangwen Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Xichun Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China.
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Pharmacological Effects and Potential Clinical Usefulness of Polyphenols in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020450. [PMID: 33467066 PMCID: PMC7829696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is arguably the most common benign disease among men. This disease is often associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men and significantly decreases the quality of life. Polyphenol consumption reportedly plays an important role in the prevention of many diseases, including BPH. In recent years, in addition to disease prevention, many studies have reported the efficacy and safety of polyphenol treatment against various pathological conditions in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, numerous studies have also revealed the molecular mechanisms of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenols. We believe that an improved understanding of the detailed pharmacological roles of polyphenol-induced activities at a molecular level is important for the prevention and treatment of BPH. Polyphenols are composed of many members, and their biological roles differ. In this review, we first provide information regarding the pathological roles of oxidative stress and inflammation in BPH. Next, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenols, including those of flavonoids and non-flavonoids, are discussed. Finally, we talk about the results and limitations of previous clinical trials that have used polyphenols in BPH, with particular focus on their molecular mechanisms of action.
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The effects of Pueraria mirifica extract, diadzein and genistein in testosterone-induced prostate hyperplasia in male Sprague Dawley rats. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1855-1871. [PMID: 30710233 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pueraria mirifica (PM) is a medicinal plant native to Thailand contained high amount of phytoestrogen and possesses anticancer activity. This study reports the effect of P. mirifica extract, phytoestrogen of diadzein and genistein for its benign prostate hyperplasia properties in testosterone-induced prostate hyperplasia in male Sprague Dawley rats. The P. mirifica extract was evaluated for its total phenols, flavonoid and antioxidant activity using DPPH, FRAP and metal chelating assay. The assessment of P. mirifica, diadzein and genistein against benign prostate hyperplasia was determined in testosterone-induced prostate hyperplasia in male Sprague Dawley rats. The total phenol was higher than flavonoid but showed low antioxidant activity of DPPH, FRAP and metal chelating. The aqueous PM extract at 1000 mg/kg significantly increased testosterone levels in testosterone-induced rats by 13% while diadzein and genistein increased it by 11% and 17% respectively. However, levels of FSH, LH, triglyceride and HDL are not affected by the oral administration of PM, diadzein and genistein to the rats. Similarly, total protein, albumin, globulin, total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, AST, and G-glutamyltransferase showed no significant difference as compared with negative control rats. The body weight of the rats, testis, kidney and liver showed no toxic effect. The zinc content increased significantly and the zinc transporter gen of ZnT4 and ZIP4 highly expressed suggesting that the PM, diadzein and genistein plays essential role in modulating prostate zinc homeostasis. Similarly, the expression of IL-6, AR and ER was significantly reduced indicating functioning in regulation of prostate growth and acts as anti-inflammatory role in preventing BPH. In conclusion, the results indicated that PM reduced BPH and contributed to the regulation in the zinc transport expression of the prostate cells in the benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).
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Ryu JM, Jang GY, Park D, Woo KS, Kim TM, Jeong HS, Kim DJ. Effect of sorghum ethyl-acetate extract on benign prostatic hyperplasia induced by testosterone in Sprague-Dawley rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:2101-2108. [PMID: 30124113 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1507721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is commonly observed in men > 50 years worldwide. Phytotherapy is one of the many treatment options. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) contains various health-improving phytochemicals with antioxidant and inhibitory activities on cell proliferation, both in vitro and in vivo. To confirm the effects of Donganme sorghum ethyl-acetate extract (DSEE) on BPH, we induced BPH in Spragye-Dawley rats using exogenous testosterone. We measured prostate weight, examined prostrates histopathologically, and analyzed mRNAs associated with male hormones and proteins associated with cell proliferation in the prostate. DSEE inhibited weight gain of the prostate; decreased mRNA expressions of androgen receptor and 5α-reductase II; and improved histopathological symptoms, the protein-expressed ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, and the oxidative status of BPH induced by testosterone in SD rats. Therefore, DSEE may have potential as a preventive or therapeutic agent against BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Myun Ryu
- a Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine , Chungbuk National University , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Gwi Yeong Jang
- b Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science , Rural Development Administration , Eumseong , Korea
| | - Dongsun Park
- c Department of Biology Education , Korea National University of Education , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Koan Sik Woo
- d Department of Central Area Science, National Institute of Crop Science , Rural Development Administration , Suwon , Korea
| | - Tae Myoung Kim
- a Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine , Chungbuk National University , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Heon Sang Jeong
- e Department of Food Science and Biotechnology , Chungbuk National University , Cheongju , Korea
| | - Dae Joong Kim
- a Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine , Chungbuk National University , Cheongju , Korea
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Paterni I, Granchi C, Minutolo F. Risks and benefits related to alimentary exposure to xenoestrogens. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3384-3404. [PMID: 26744831 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1126547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Xenoestrogens are widely diffused in the environment and in food, thus a large portion of human population worldwide is exposed to them. Among alimentary xenoestrogens, phytoestrogens (PhyEs) are increasingly being consumed because of their potential health benefits, although there are also important risks associated to their ingestion. Furthermore, other xenoestrogens that may be present in food are represented by other chemicals possessing estrogenic activities, that are commonly defined as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). EDCs pose a serious health concern since they may cause a wide range of health problems, starting from pre-birth till adult lifelong exposure. We herein provide an overview of the main classes of xenoestrogens, which are classified on the basis of their origin, their structures and their occurrence in the food chain. Furthermore, their either beneficial or toxic effects on human health are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Paterni
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | | | - Filippo Minutolo
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy.,b Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute," Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
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Yousefi S, Ahmadi-hamedani M, Narenji Sani R, Moslemi HR, Ghafari Khaligh S, Darvishi MM. Pentoxifylline mitigates detrimental impact of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis on sperm characteristics, reproductive hormones and histopathology in rats. Andrologia 2017; 50. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Yousefi
- Semnan University of Veterinary Medicine; Semnan Iran
| | - M. Ahmadi-hamedani
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Semnan University; Semnan Iran
| | - R. Narenji Sani
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Semnan University; Semnan Iran
| | - H. R. Moslemi
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Semnan University; Semnan Iran
| | - S. Ghafari Khaligh
- Department of Pathobiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Semnan University; Semnan Iran
| | - M. M. Darvishi
- Department of Pathobiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Semnan University; Semnan Iran
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Evaluation of the protective effect of pentoxifylline on carrageenan-induced chronic non-bacterial prostatitis in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 25:343-350. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Buncharoen W, Saenphet K, Saenphet S, Thitaram C. Uvaria rufa Blume attenuates benign prostatic hyperplasia via inhibiting 5α-reductase and enhancing antioxidant status. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:483-494. [PMID: 27732901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional medicine has used Uvaria rufa Blume as an ethnomedicinal plant for treating fever, skin allergies, intestinal ulcers and prostate disorders including BPH. However, no scientific evidence supports the traditional use. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of U. rufa on BPH using in vitro and in vivo models. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro studies screened the efficacy of a 5α-reductase (5αR) inhibition and antioxidant activity of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous extracts from the stem of U. rufa. Phytochemical screening was performed to determine the active compound using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ethyl acetate extract (UR-EtOAc) of U. rufa was used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy in vivo models. BPH was induced by subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate (3mg/kg) to male rats for 30 days. After 30 days of oral administration of UR-EtOAc at doses of 10 and 20mg/kg and finasteride at a dose of 1mg/kg, the prostate weight, prostate index (PI), testosterone and androgen receptor (AR) levels, and histopathological alteration of prostate gland were determined. Also, oxidative status and toxicity indices were assessed. RESULTS UR-EtOAc exhibited the highest potency of inhibition of 5αR and possessed potent antioxidants rich in phenolics and flavonoids contents. The active compound analyzed by HPLC was β-sitosterol. In vivo results show a significant reduction in prostate weight, PI, and AR in all treated groups when compared to the BPH model group (P<0.001). Also, the UR-EtOAc and finasteride treated groups had increased prostatic and serum testosterone levels when compared to the BPH model group. A histopathological investigation of the prostate glands supported the above results. UR-EtOAc elevated the antioxidant enzymes and reduced the malondialdehyde level in BPH-induced rats. Moreover, treatment of UR-EtOAc at all doses had no toxic effects on the vital organs and serum biochemical indices. CONCLUSIONS UR-EtOAc from the stem of Uvaria rufa Blume appears to have the potential as a phytotherapeutic agent in the management of BPH, which provides the scientific evidence for traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wararut Buncharoen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Kanokporn Saenphet
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Supap Saenphet
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Chatchote Thitaram
- Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinical Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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