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Yin Z, Chen J, Xia M, Zhang X, Li Y, Chen Z, Bao Q, Zhong W, Yao J, Wu K, Zhao L, Liang F. Assessing causal relationship between circulating cytokines and age-related neurodegenerative diseases: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12325. [PMID: 37516812 PMCID: PMC10387057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39520-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported that circulating cytokines (CCs) are linked to age-related neurodegenerative diseases (ANDDs); however, there is a lack of systematic investigation for the causal association. A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian Randomisation (MR) method was utilized to evaluate the causal effect. We applied genetic variants correlated with concentrations of CCs from a genome-wide association study meta-analysis (n = 8293) as instrumental variables. Summary data of three major ANDDs [Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)] were identified from the IEU OpenGWAS platform (n = 627, 266). Inverse-variance weighted method is the main approach to analyse causal effect, and MR results are verified by several sensitivity and pleiotropy analyses. In directional MR, it suggested that several CCs were nominally correlated with the risk of ANDDs, with a causal odds ratio (OR) of Interleukin (IL)-5 of 0.909 for AD; OR of IL-2 of 1.169 for PD; and OR of Beta nerve growth factor of 1.142 for ALS). In reverse MR, there were some suggestively causal effects of ANDDs on CCs (AD on increased Basic fibroblast growth factor and IL-12 and decreased Stem cell growth factor beta; PD on decreased Monokine induced by interferon-gamma; ALS on decreased Basic fibroblast growth factor and IL-17). The findings were stable across sensitivity and pleiotropy analyses. However, after Bonferroni correction, there is no statistically significant association between CCs and ANDDs. Through the genetic epidemiological approach, our study assessed the role and presented possible causal associations between CCs and ANDDs. Further studies are warranted to verify the causal associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Yin
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Manze Xia
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaqin Li
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenghong Chen
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiongnan Bao
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanqi Zhong
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Yao
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Kexin Wu
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
| | - Fanrong Liang
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.
- Acupuncture Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
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Vidovic M, Müschen LH, Brakemeier S, Machetanz G, Naumann M, Castro-Gomez S. Current State and Future Directions in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050736. [PMID: 36899872 PMCID: PMC10000757 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of upper and lower motor neurons, resulting in progressive weakness of all voluntary muscles and eventual respiratory failure. Non-motor symptoms, such as cognitive and behavioral changes, frequently occur over the course of the disease. Considering its poor prognosis with a median survival time of 2 to 4 years and limited causal treatment options, an early diagnosis of ALS plays an essential role. In the past, diagnosis has primarily been determined by clinical findings supported by electrophysiological and laboratory measurements. To increase diagnostic accuracy, reduce diagnostic delay, optimize stratification in clinical trials and provide quantitative monitoring of disease progression and treatment responsivity, research on disease-specific and feasible fluid biomarkers, such as neurofilaments, has been intensely pursued. Advances in imaging techniques have additionally yielded diagnostic benefits. Growing perception and greater availability of genetic testing facilitate early identification of pathogenic ALS-related gene mutations, predictive testing and access to novel therapeutic agents in clinical trials addressing disease-modified therapies before the advent of the first clinical symptoms. Lately, personalized survival prediction models have been proposed to offer a more detailed disclosure of the prognosis for the patient. In this review, the established procedures and future directions in the diagnostics of ALS are summarized to serve as a practical guideline and to improve the diagnostic pathway of this burdensome disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Vidovic
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (S.C.-G.)
| | | | - Svenja Brakemeier
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Gerrit Machetanz
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Marcel Naumann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sergio Castro-Gomez
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (S.C.-G.)
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Dreger M, Steinbach R, Otto M, Turner MR, Grosskreutz J. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of disease activity and progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022; 93:422-435. [PMID: 35105727 PMCID: PMC8921583 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-327503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative disease, and only modest disease-modifying strategies have been established to date. Numerous clinical trials have been conducted in the past years, but have been severely hampered by the wide-ranging heterogeneity of both the biological origins and clinical characteristics of the disease. Thus, reliable biomarkers of disease activity are urgently needed to stratify patients into homogenous groups with aligned disease trajectories to allow a more effective design of clinical trial. In this review, the most promising candidate biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with ALS will be summarised. Correlations between biomarker levels and clinical outcome parameters are discussed, while highlighting potential pitfalls and intercorrelations of these clinical parameters. Several CSF molecules have shown potential as biomarkers of progression and prognosis, but large, international, multicentric and longitudinal studies are crucial for validation. A more standardised choice of clinical endpoints in these studies, as well as the application of individualised models of clinical progression, would allow the quantification of disease trajectories, thereby allowing a more accurate analysis of the clinical implications of candidate biomarkers. Additionally, a comparative analysis of several biomarkers and ideally the application of a multivariate analysis including comprehensive genotypic, phenotypic and clinical characteristics collectively contributing to biomarker levels in the CSF, could promote their verification. Thus, reliable prognostic markers and markers of disease activity may improve clinical trial design and patient management in the direction of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Dreger
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Thüringen, Germany
| | - Robert Steinbach
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Thüringen, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martin R Turner
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Julian Grosskreutz
- Precision Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Luebeck Human Medicine, Luebeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
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Zhu S, Wuolikainen A, Wu J, Öhman A, Wingsle G, Moritz T, Andersen PM, Forsgren L, Trupp M. Targeted Multiple Reaction Monitoring Analysis of CSF Identifies UCHL1 and GPNMB as Candidate Biomarkers for ALS. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 69:643-657. [PMID: 31721001 PMCID: PMC6858390 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01411-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The neurodegenerative diseases amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) share some common molecular deficits including disruption of protein homeostasis leading to disease-specific protein aggregation. While insoluble protein aggregates are the defining pathological confirmation of diagnosis, patient stratification based on early molecular etiologies may identify distinct subgroups within a clinical diagnosis that would respond differently in therapeutic development programs. We are developing targeted multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry methods to rigorously quantify CSF proteins from known disease genes involved in lysosomal, ubiquitin-proteasomal, and autophagy pathways. Analysis of CSF from 21 PD, 21 ALS, and 25 control patients, rigorously matched for gender, age, and age of sample, revealed significant changes in peptide levels between PD, ALS, and control. In patients with PD, levels of two peptides for chromogranin B (CHGB, secretogranin 1) were significantly reduced. In CSF of patients with ALS, levels of two peptides from ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase like protein 1 (UCHL1) and one peptide each for glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) and cathepsin D (CTSD) were all increased. Analysis of patients with ALS separated into two groups based on length of survival after CSF sampling revealed that the increases in GPNMB and UCHL1 were specific for short-lived ALS patients. While analysis of additional cohorts is required to validate these candidate biomarkers, this study suggests methods for stratification of ALS patients for clinical trials and identifies targets for drug efficacy measurements during therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochun Zhu
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Building 10, NUS, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Junfang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Öhman
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Building 10, NUS, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Wingsle
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Building 10, NUS, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Forsgren
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Building 10, NUS, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Miles Trupp
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Building 10, NUS, Umeå, Sweden.
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Kaiserova M, Grambalova Z, Otruba P, Stejskal D, Prikrylova Vranova H, Mares J, Mensikova K, Kanovsky P. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of chromogranin A and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain are elevated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 2017; 136:360-364. [PMID: 28185258 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are being studied to improve the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic methods for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). AIMS OF THE STUDY The aim of our study was to establish the CSF levels of chromogranin A (CgA) and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNF-H) in patients with ALS in order to assess these proteins as possible biomarkers of ALS. METHODS Cerebrospinal fluid levels of CgA and pNF-H were examined and mutually compared in 15 patients with sporadic ALS and 16 gender- and age-matched controls. RESULTS Lumbar CSF CgA levels were increased in the patients with ALS compared to the controls (median 235 vs 138, P=.031). Lumbar CSF pNF-H levels were significantly increased in the patients with ALS compared to the control group (median 3091 vs 213, P<.0001). CONCLUSIONS Identifying CSF biomarkers in ALS is important in order to establish the diagnosis in the early stages of the disease. pNF-H seems to be a good biomarker for the diagnosis of ALS. If confirmed on a larger group of patients, CgA may also become useful in the diagnosis of sporadic ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kaiserova
- Department of Neurology; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacky University and University Hospital; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Z. Grambalova
- Department of Neurology; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacky University and University Hospital; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - P. Otruba
- Department of Neurology; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacky University and University Hospital; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - D. Stejskal
- AGEL Research and Training Institute; Prostejov Czech Republic
- Institute of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacky University and University Hospital; Olomouc Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Ostrava University; Ostrava Czech Republic
| | - H. Prikrylova Vranova
- Department of Neurology; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacky University and University Hospital; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - J. Mares
- Department of Neurology; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacky University and University Hospital; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - K. Mensikova
- Department of Neurology; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacky University and University Hospital; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - P. Kanovsky
- Department of Neurology; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacky University and University Hospital; Olomouc Czech Republic
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Guo J, Yang X, Gao L, Zang D. Evaluating the levels of CSF and serum factors in ALS. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00637. [PMID: 28293476 PMCID: PMC5346523 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify CSF and serum factors as biomarkers that may aid in distinguishing ALS patients from control subjects and predicting ALS progression as well as prognosis. METHODS Serum and CSF samples from 105 patients with ALS and 56 control subjects were analyzed for 13 factors using ELISA. The revised ALS functional rating scale (ALSFRS-r) was used to evaluate the overall functional status of ALS patients, and we also followed up with ALS patients either by phone or with clinic visits for five years after enrollment in this study. Finally, we examined the correlations between factor levels and various clinical parameters and evaluated the predictive value for prognosis through a multivariate statistic model. RESULTS A total of eight factors were obviously elevated in CSF, and twelve markers were increased in serum. In the correlation analyses, there were trends toward higher bFGF, VEGF, MIP-1α levels in ALS with a longer disease duration and slower disease progression in both CSF and serum. Higher MCP-1 levels were associated with worse disease severity and faster progression, and the IFN-γ levels were positively associated with disease progression in either CSF or serum. Finally, a better prognosis was observed with higher levels bFGF in CSF and VEGF in CSF and serum; conversely, patients with higher levels of IFN-γ in the CSF had shorter overall survival. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that a factor profile of ALS patients is distinct from control subjects and may be useful in clinical practice and therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Guo
- Department of Neurology Tianjin First Center Hospital Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Department of Neurology Tianjin First Center Hospital Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Lina Gao
- Department of Neurology Tianjin First Center Hospital Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Dawei Zang
- Department of Neurology Tianjin First Center Hospital Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
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Yang X, Gao L, Wu X, Zhang Y, Zang D. Increased levels of MIP-1α in CSF and serum of ALS. Acta Neurol Scand 2016; 134:94-100. [PMID: 26427609 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with complicated pathogenesis. No effective diagnostic test and cure exists for the disease at present. We detected the levels of MIP-1α in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum and then further evaluated whether MIP-1α levels correlate with the severity and progression of ALS. METHODS We used ELISAs to detect MIP-1α levels from 58 patients with ALS and 45 age- and gender-matched controls. The patients with ALS were also clinically evaluated with the revised ALS functional rating scale (ALSFRS-r). Moreover, we followed up with 40 cases of ALS by way of call or clinic visit 4 years after enrollment in this study. Finally, we assessed the correlations between MIP-1α levels and various clinical parameters. RESULTS We found that the levels of MIP-1α in patients with ALS significantly increased compared to controls and they were positively correlated with duration. MIP-1α showed negative correlations with disease progression rate and the decrease in ALSFRS-r. Furthermore, the cumulative survival of patients with ALS with high levels of MIP-1α exceeded patients with low MIP-1α levels. CONCLUSIONS MIP-1α levels increased in both CSF and serum of patients with ALS, and it may be a potential neuroprotective biomarker in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Yang
- Department of Neurology; Tianjin First Center Hospital of Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
| | - L. Gao
- Department of Neurology; Tianjin First Center Hospital of Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
| | - X. Wu
- Department of Neurology; Tianjin First Center Hospital; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin China
| | - Y. Zhang
- Department of Neurology; Tianjin First Center Hospital; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin China
| | - D. Zang
- Department of Neurology; Tianjin First Center Hospital; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
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