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Kumar R, Nayak C, Nagappa M, Rao S, Sinha S, Taly AB. Sleep in Myasthenia Gravis: A Questionnaire-Based Study. Neurol India 2024; 72:801-805. [PMID: 39216037 DOI: 10.4103/neurol-india.ni_562_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbed sleep and its impact on quality of life (QoL) are underrecognized in myasthenia gravis (MG). AIMS To evaluate the quality of sleep in MG using standard sleep questionnaires and assess factors that determine sleep. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Prospective, cross-sectional, hospital-based study. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty patients on stable drug therapy for at least 1 month and age- and gender-matched controls were assessed using standard sleep questionnaires [Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and NIMHANS Comprehensive Sleep Disorders Questionnaire (NCSDQ)]. RESULTS Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) grade was I, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, and IVA in 11, 19, 3, 10, 6, and 1 respectively. The mean PSQI and ESS scores were similar in patients and controls. Patients with abnormal ESS (>10) were older and had greater neck circumference (P = 0.018 and <0.001). Body mass index was greater in patients with PSQI > 5 (P < 0.05). Age, gender, and clinical severity did not affect PSQI. Compared with ESS and PSQI, NCSDQ showed higher frequency of disturbed sleep, snoring, early morning headache, difficulty in initiation, and maintenance of sleep in MG, although the differences between patients and controls were not significant. No correlation was found between QoL and ESS or PSQI. CONCLUSION Patients of MG with stable clinical course with adequate treatment have sleep quality comparable with healthy controls. Longitudinal assessment of sleep quality at multiple time points throughout the disease course and correlating with cross-sectional disease severity may further delineate the impact of disease on sleep and QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Chetan Nayak
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhu Nagappa
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivaji Rao
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjib Sinha
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Arun B Taly
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Pérez-Carbonell L, Iranzo A. Sleep Disturbances in Autoimmune Neurological Diseases. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2023; 23:617-625. [PMID: 37670202 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-023-01294-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the current evidence on the associations between autoimmune neurological diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis) and sleep disturbances (e.g., insomnia, parasomnias), as well as to review the main characteristics of sleep disorders with an immune-related pathophysiology (e.g., narcolepsy, anti-IgLON5 disease). RECENT FINDINGS An immune-mediated damage of the areas in the central nervous system that control sleep and wake functions (e.g., hypothalamus, brainstem) can lead to sleep disorders and sleep symptoms. Sleep disturbances are the reason to seek for medical attention in certain neuroimmunological conditions (e.g., narcolepsy, anti-IgLON5 disease) where sleep-related alterations are the main clinical feature. The assessment of sleep-related symptomatology and disorders should be included in the routine evaluation of patients with autoimmune neurological diseases. Clinicians should be aware of the typical clinical presentation of certain neuroimmunological disorders mainly affecting sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Iranzo
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain.
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Khan A, Frazer-Green L, Amin R, Wolfe L, Faulkner G, Casey K, Sharma G, Selim B, Zielinski D, Aboussouan LS, McKim D, Gay P. Respiratory Management of Patients With Neuromuscular Weakness: An American College of Chest Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest 2023; 164:394-413. [PMID: 36921894 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory failure is a significant concern in neuromuscular diseases (NMDs). This CHEST guideline examines the literature on the respiratory management of patients with NMD to provide evidence-based recommendations. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS An expert panel conducted a systematic review addressing the respiratory management of NMD and applied the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations approach for assessing the certainty of the evidence and formulating and grading recommendations. A modified Delphi technique was used to reach a consensus on the recommendations. RESULTS Based on 128 studies, the panel generated 15 graded recommendations, one good practice statement, and one consensus-based statement. INTERPRETATION Evidence of best practices for respiratory management in NMD is limited and is based primarily on observational data in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The panel found that pulmonary function testing every 6 months may be beneficial and may be used to initiate noninvasive ventilation (NIV) when clinically indicated. An individualized approach to NIV settings may benefit patients with chronic respiratory failure and sleep-disordered breathing related to NMD. When resources allow, polysomnography or overnight oximetry can help to guide the initiation of NIV. The panel provided guidelines for mouthpiece ventilation, transition to home mechanical ventilation, salivary secretion management, and airway clearance therapies. The guideline panel emphasizes that NMD pathologic characteristics represent a diverse group of disorders with differing rates of decline in lung function. The clinician's role is to add evaluation at the bedside to shared decision-making with patients and families, including respect for patient preferences and treatment goals, considerations of quality of life, and appropriate use of available resources in decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Khan
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR.
| | | | - Reshma Amin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Kids, Toronto
| | - Lisa Wolfe
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Kenneth Casey
- Department of Sleep Medicine, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Shorewood Hills, WI
| | - Girish Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Bernardo Selim
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - David Zielinski
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Douglas McKim
- Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON
| | - Peter Gay
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Romanova TV. [Sleep disorders in patients with myastenia gravis]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:92-97. [PMID: 34078866 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202112104292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review analyzes publications that present data on sleep disorders in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). The analysis is based on domestic and foreign publications that are freely available over the past 30 years. Sleep disorders, the most significant of which are sleep-related respiratory disorders, are one of the factors that cause quality of life decreasing and mortality in patients with neuromuscular diseases. The issues of prevalence of breathing disorders during sleep, relationship of these disorders with clinical and immunological characteristics of disease, demographic indicators are studied. The influence of sleep breathing disorders on quality of life and affective sphere of patients is discussed. Most studies prove that sleep-related respiratory disorders occur in patients with MG significantly more often than in general population. Some studies show a high prevalence of poor sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with MG, while others do not report such associations. However, studies that failed to establish an association with MG and sleep disturbances were of small sample sizes. Thus, given the inconclusive evidence and limited literature, further study of sleep disorders in patients with MG is needed. The topic is relevant and requires further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Romanova
- Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Samara, Russi, Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Samara, Russia
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Methodological strategies in using home sleep apnea testing in research and practice. Sleep Breath 2017; 22:569-577. [PMID: 29139016 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-017-1593-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) has increased due to improvements in technology, accessibility, and changes in third party reimbursement requirements. Research studies using HSAT have not consistently reported procedures and methodological challenges. This paper had two objectives: (1) summarize the literature on use of HSAT in research of adults and (2) identify methodological strategies to use in research and practice to standardize HSAT procedures and information. METHODS Search strategy included studies of participants undergoing sleep testing for OSA using HSAT. MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase with the following search terms: "polysomnography," "home," "level III," "obstructive sleep apnea," and "out of center testing." RESULTS Research articles that met inclusion criteria (n = 34) inconsistently reported methods and methodological challenges in terms of: (a) participant sampling; (b) instrumentation issues; (c) clinical variables; (d) data processing; and (e) patient acceptability. Ten methodological strategies were identified for adoption when using HSAT in research and practice. CONCLUSIONS Future studies need to address the methodological challenges summarized in this paper as well as identify and report consistent HSAT procedures and information.
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Jordan B, Schweden TLK, Mehl T, Menge U, Zierz S. Cognitive fatigue in patients with myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve 2017; 56:449-457. [PMID: 28033668 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive fatigue has frequently been reported in myasthenia gravis (MG). However, objective assessment of cognitive fatigability has never been evaluated. METHODS Thirty-three MG patients with stable generalized disease and 17 healthy controls underwent a test battery including repeated testing of attention and concentration (d2-R) and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test. Fatigability was based on calculation of linear trend (LT) reflecting dynamic performance within subsequent constant time intervals. Additionally, fatigue questionnaires were used. RESULTS MG patients showed a negative LT in second d2-R testing, indicating cognitive fatigability. This finding significantly differed from stable cognitive performance in controls (P < 0.05). Results of Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test testing did not differ between groups. Self-assessed fatigue was significantly higher in MG patients compared with controls (P < 0.001), but did not correlate with LT. CONCLUSIONS LT quantifies cognitive fatigability as an objective measurement of performance decline in MG patients. Self-assessed cognitive fatigue is not correlated with objective findings. Muscle Nerve 56: 449-457, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Jordan
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, 06097, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Tabea L K Schweden
- Institute of Psychology, Martin-Luther-University Halle, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Theresa Mehl
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, 06097, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Uwe Menge
- Institute of Psychology, Martin-Luther-University Halle, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Stephan Zierz
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, 06097, Halle/Saale, Germany
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Lai YC, Chen JY, Wu HD, Yang CC, Lin CH, Lee PL. Sleep Disordered Breathing Mimicking Myasthenia Crisis in a Patient with Myasthenia Gravis. J Clin Sleep Med 2016; 12:767-9. [PMID: 26943715 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.5816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Myasthenia gravis (MG) can result in weakness of the respiratory muscles in 30% of patients. A life-threatening exacerbation, MG crisis can cause respiratory insufficiency requiring mechanical ventilation. Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is seen in 40% to 60% of stable MG patients. Factors associated with SDB include age, male sex, obesity, and steroid use. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) can reverse paradoxical weakness in MG patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but whether SDB can contribute to respiratory failure in MG and whether CPAP works in such patients remain unclear. This report presents a 54-year-old woman with MG with a history of 7 episodes of respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. For each episode, she was treated for MG crisis using plasmapheresis and high-dose steroids. Later, OSA and obesity hypoventilation syndrome were confirmed by polysomnography with transcutaneous CO2 monitoring. Thereafter, the patient had no further recurrence of MG crisis for 5 years, using pyridostigmine and CPAP only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Lai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Yang Ming University Hospital, I Lan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yueh Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Dong Wu
- Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Life Style and Metabolic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chao Yang
- Department of Neurology, Life Style and Metabolic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, Life Style and Metabolic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lin Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Life Style and Metabolic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Sleep Disorder, Life Style and Metabolic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Obesity, Life Style and Metabolic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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