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Skuk E, Cvjetićanin B, Pirš B, Belcijan NL, Jakimovska M. Ovarian sclerosing stromal tumor mimicking malignancy: case series and literature review. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 310:1171-1177. [PMID: 38910143 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07520-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sclerosing stromal tumors (SST) are rare ovarian neoplasms that often appear as solid unilateral tumors of the ovary with no specific clinical or radiological presentation. The definitive treatment is surgical removal. CASE PRESENTATION Our article presents four cases of female patients with sclerosing stromal ovarian tumor with clinical characteristics mimicking malignant ovarian lesions. Interestingly, two of our cases had elevated levels of inhibin B. All patients were treated with surgery (oophorectomy) and had no disease recurrence. CONCLUSION Tumors' macroscopic features are usually non-specific and often suggestive of possible malignancy, therefore diagnosis is always based on histopathological report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Skuk
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Branko Cvjetićanin
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Pirš
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Neža Lebič Belcijan
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marina Jakimovska
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Ahmed G, Khalil SA, Elshafiey M, Abdelfattah N, Eid M, Zakaria AS, Elwakeel M, Elgendy A. Management strategy for children with ovarian immature teratoma: results from a tertiary pediatric oncology center. World J Surg Oncol 2024; 22:176. [PMID: 38965563 PMCID: PMC11223275 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-024-03452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We present an Egyptian study on pediatric ovarian immature teratomas (ITs), aiming to clarify our treatment strategy selection. METHODS A retrospective review of all children with pure ovarian ITs who were treated at our institution between 2008 and 2023. The analysis included clinical characteristics, tumor staging according to Children's Oncology Group (COG), grading based on the Norris system, management, and outcomes. RESULTS Thirty-two patients were included, with a median age of 9 years. All patients underwent primary surgery. Unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed in 31 patients. Surgical staging was completed in all patients. Based on COG staging, there were 28 patients (87.5%) stage I, 1 (3%) stage II, and 3 (9.5%) stage III. According to Norris classification, 16 patients (50%) were classified as grade I, 9 (28%) grade II, and 7 (22%) grade III. All patients in stage I were treated using surgery-alone approach, whereas the remaining four (12.5%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. Five patients in stage I had gliomatosis peritonei (GP), and none of them underwent extensive surgery. At a median follow-up of 86 months, two patients had events. The first patient (stage III/grade I) developed IT relapse on the operative bed, and the second (stage I/grade I) had a metachronous IT on the contralateral ovary. Both patients were successfully managed with surgery followed by second-line chemotherapy. Five-year overall survival and event-free survival for all patients were 100% and 93.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Surgery-alone strategy with close follow-up achieves excellent outcomes for localized ovarian ITs in children, irrespective of the Norris grading or the presence of GP. However, adjuvant chemotherapy is questionable for patients with incompletely resected or locally advanced tumors, and its role requires further evaluation through prospective multicentric studies with a larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehad Ahmed
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Surgical Oncology Department, Children's Cancer Hospital 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar Ahmed Khalil
- Pediatric Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute - Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Children's Cancer Hospital 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maged Elshafiey
- Surgical Oncology Department, Children's Cancer Hospital 57357, Cairo, Egypt
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute - Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nihal Abdelfattah
- Department of Research, Children's Cancer Hospital 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Eid
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Children's Cancer Hospital 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Al-Shaimaa Zakaria
- Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute - Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Pathology Department, Children's Cancer Hospital 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Madeeha Elwakeel
- Radio-Diagnosis Department, National Cancer Institute - Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Radio-Diagnosis Department, Children's Cancer Hospital 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elgendy
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, 35 Ali Beek Elkbeer street, Tanta, 31515, Egypt.
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Rich BS, McCracken K, Nagel C, Allen L, Aldrink JH. The Shared Ovary: A Multidisciplinary Discussion With Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59:1349-1354. [PMID: 38614951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric and adolescent ovarian lesions are common and are frequently managed by both pediatric surgeons and pediatric and adolescent gynecologists. During the 2023 American Academy of Pediatric Section on Surgery meeting, an educational symposium was delivered focusing on various aspects of management of pediatric and adolescent benign and malignant masses, borderline lesions, and fertility options for children and adolescents undergoing cancer therapies. This article highlights the discussion during this symposium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrie S Rich
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Northwell Health, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Kate McCracken
- Section of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Division of Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christa Nagel
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lisa Allen
- Division of Pediatric Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sick Kids Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jennifer H Aldrink
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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4
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Bergus KC, Knaus ME, Onwuka AJ, Afrazi A, Breech L, Corkum KS, Dillon PA, Ehrlich PF, Fallat ME, Fraser JD, Gadepalli SK, Grabowski JE, Hertweck SP, Kabre R, Lal DR, Landman MP, Leys CM, Mak GZ, Markel TA, Merchant N, Overman RE, Rademacher BL, Raiji MT, Rymeski B, Sato TT, Wright T, Aldrink JH, Hewitt GD, Minneci PC, Deans KJ. Diagnostic Performance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Pediatric Ovarian Neoplasms: A Multi-Institutional Review. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2024; 37:192-197. [PMID: 38008283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic performance of MRI to predict ovarian malignancy alone and compared with other diagnostic studies. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted of patients aged 2-21 years who underwent ovarian mass resection between 2009 and 2021 at 11 pediatric hospitals. Sociodemographic information, clinical and imaging findings, tumor markers, and operative and pathology details were collected. Diagnostic performance for detecting malignancy was assessed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for MRI with other diagnostic modalities. RESULTS One thousand and fifty-three patients, with a median age of 14.6 years, underwent resection of an ovarian mass; 10% (110/1053) had malignant disease on pathology, and 13% (136/1053) underwent preoperative MRI. MRI sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 60%, 94%, 60%, and 94%. Ultrasound sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 31%, 99%, 73%, and 95%. Tumor marker sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 90%, 46%, 22%, and 96%. MRI and ultrasound concordance was 88%, with sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 33%, 99%, 75%, and 94%. MRI sensitivity in ultrasound-discordant cases was 100%. MRI and tumor marker concordance was 88% with sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 100%, 86%, 64%, and 100%. MRI specificity in tumor marker-discordant cases was 100%. CONCLUSION Diagnostic modalities used to assess ovarian neoplasms in pediatric patients typically agree. In cases of disagreement, MRI is more sensitive for malignancy than ultrasound and more specific than tumor markers. Selective use of MRI with preoperative ultrasound and tumor markers may be beneficial when the risk of malignancy is uncertain. CONCISE ABSTRACT This retrospective review of 1053 patients aged 2-21 years who underwent ovarian mass resection between 2009 and 2021 at 11 pediatric hospitals found that ultrasound, tumor markers, and MRI tend to agree on benign vs malignant, but in cases of disagreement, MRI is more sensitive for malignancy than ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Bergus
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute and Department of Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Maria E Knaus
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute and Department of Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Amanda J Onwuka
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute and Department of Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Amin Afrazi
- American Family Children's Hospital, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Lesley Breech
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kristine S Corkum
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Patrick A Dillon
- St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Peter F Ehrlich
- C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mary E Fallat
- Norton Children's Hospital, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jason D Fraser
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Samir K Gadepalli
- C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Julia E Grabowski
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - S Paige Hertweck
- Norton Children's Hospital, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Rashmi Kabre
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dave R Lal
- Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Matthew P Landman
- Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Charles M Leys
- American Family Children's Hospital, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Grace Z Mak
- Comer Children's Hospital, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Troy A Markel
- Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Naila Merchant
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - R Elliott Overman
- C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Brooks L Rademacher
- American Family Children's Hospital, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Manish T Raiji
- Comer Children's Hospital, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Beth Rymeski
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Thomas T Sato
- Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Tiffany Wright
- Norton Children's Hospital, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jennifer H Aldrink
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute and Department of Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Geri D Hewitt
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute and Department of Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Peter C Minneci
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute and Department of Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Surgery, Nemours Children's Health, Delaware Valley, Wilmington, Delaware.
| | - Katherine J Deans
- Department of Surgery, Nemours Children's Health, Delaware Valley, Wilmington, Delaware
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Jiang S, Dong K, Li K, Liu J, Du X, Huang C, Jiao Y, Han Y, Yang J, Liao X, Li Y, Zhang T, Li S, Lv Z, Gao Y. Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors in Children: Ten Years of Experience in Three Children's Medical Centers in Shanghai. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5412. [PMID: 38001671 PMCID: PMC10670163 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to describe the clinical features of extracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs) in pediatrics and study the clinical risk factors related to survival for malignant germ cell tumors (MGCTs) in order to optimize therapeutic options. METHODS The clinical data of children with extracranial GCTs in three children's medical centers in Shanghai were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS In total, 1007 cases of extracranial GCTs diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 were included in this study, including teratomas (TERs) 706 (70.11%) and MGCTs 301 (29.89%). There were twice as many TER cases as MGCT cases. Approximately 50% of children with GCTs were <3 years old (43.39% for TERs, 67.13% for MGCTs). GCTs in children of different ages show differences in tumor anatomical locations and pathological subtypes. The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) of all patients with MGCTs were 82.33% (95% CI, 77.32%, 86.62%) and 94.13% (95% CI, 90.02%, 96.69%), respectively. The multivariate Cox regression analysis identified a primary site in the mediastinum and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels ≥10,000 ng/mL as independent adverse prognostic factors (p < 0.0.0001, χ2 = 23.6638, p = 0.0225, χ2 = 5.2072.). There were no significant differences in OS among children receiving various chemotherapy regimens, such as the BEP, PEB, JEB and other regimens (VBP/VIP and AVCP/IEV) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The clinical features of GCTs in Chinese pediatrics are similar to those reported in children in Europe and America. The age distribution of pathological types and primary sites in GCTs reflect the developmental origin of type I and type II GCTs transformed from mismigration primordial germ cells (PGCs). Optimizing the current platinum-based chemotherapy regimens and exploring the treatment strategies for MGCTs of the mediastinum are future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayi Jiang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 355 Luding Road, Shanghai 200061, China; (S.J.); (X.D.); (C.H.); (Y.J.); (J.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Kuiran Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; (K.D.); (K.L.)
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; (K.D.); (K.L.)
| | - Jiangbin Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 355 Luding Road, Shanghai 200061, China;
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 355 Luding Road, Shanghai 200061, China; (S.J.); (X.D.); (C.H.); (Y.J.); (J.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Can Huang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 355 Luding Road, Shanghai 200061, China; (S.J.); (X.D.); (C.H.); (Y.J.); (J.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Yangyang Jiao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 355 Luding Road, Shanghai 200061, China; (S.J.); (X.D.); (C.H.); (Y.J.); (J.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Yali Han
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China;
| | - Jingwei Yang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 355 Luding Road, Shanghai 200061, China; (S.J.); (X.D.); (C.H.); (Y.J.); (J.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Xuelian Liao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 355 Luding Road, Shanghai 200061, China; (S.J.); (X.D.); (C.H.); (Y.J.); (J.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Yanhua Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 355 Luding Road, Shanghai 200061, China; (S.J.); (X.D.); (C.H.); (Y.J.); (J.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 355 Luding Road, Shanghai 200061, China; (S.J.); (X.D.); (C.H.); (Y.J.); (J.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 355 Luding Road, Shanghai 200061, China; (S.J.); (X.D.); (C.H.); (Y.J.); (J.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Zhibao Lv
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 355 Luding Road, Shanghai 200061, China;
| | - Yijin Gao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China;
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Birbas E, Kanavos T, Gkrozou F, Skentou C, Daniilidis A, Vatopoulou A. Ovarian Masses in Children and Adolescents: A Review of the Literature with Emphasis on the Diagnostic Approach. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1114. [PMID: 37508611 PMCID: PMC10377960 DOI: 10.3390/children10071114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Most abdominal masses in the pediatric population derive from the ovaries. Ovarian masses can occur in all ages, although their incidence, clinical presentation and histological distribution vary among different age groups. Children and adolescents may develop non-neoplastic ovarian lesions, such as functional cysts, endometrioma, torsion, abscess and lymphangioma as well as neoplasms, which are divided into germ cell, epithelial, sex-cord stromal and miscellaneous tumors. Germ cell tumors account for the majority of ovarian neoplasms in the pediatric population, while adults most frequently present with epithelial tumors. Mature teratoma is the most common ovarian neoplasm in children and adolescents, whereas dysgerminoma constitutes the most frequent ovarian malignancy. Clinical manifestations generally include abdominal pain, palpable mass, nausea/vomiting and endocrine alterations, such as menstrual abnormalities, precocious puberty and virilization. During the investigation of pediatric ovarian masses, the most important objective is to evaluate the likelihood of malignancy since the management of benign and malignant lesions is fundamentally different. The presence of solid components, large size and heterogenous appearance on transabdominal ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography indicate an increased risk of malignancy. Useful tumor markers that raise concern for ovarian cancer in children and adolescents include alpha-fetoprotein, lactate dehydrogenase, beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin, cancer antigen 125 and inhibin. However, their serum levels can neither confirm nor exclude malignancy. Management of pediatric ovarian masses needs to be curative and, when feasible, function-preserving and minimally invasive. Children and adolescents with an ovarian mass should be treated in specialized centers to avoid unnecessary oophorectomies and ensure the best possible outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effrosyni Birbas
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Theofilos Kanavos
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Fani Gkrozou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Chara Skentou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Angelos Daniilidis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Vatopoulou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
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Recurrence Rates for Pediatric Benign Ovarian Neoplasms. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2023; 36:160-166. [PMID: 36496105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To examine the recurrence rates of pediatric benign ovarian neoplasms METHODS: A retrospective review of females up to 21 years of age who underwent surgery for a benign ovarian neoplasm at 8 pediatric hospitals from January 2010 through December 2016 was conducted. Data include primary operation details, follow-up imaging, and reoperation details. RESULTS Four hundred and twenty-six females were included in our cohort, with a median age of 15 years at the time of the primary operation. Of the patients, 69% had a mature teratoma, 18% had a serous cystadenoma, and 8% had a mucinous cystadenoma. Two-thirds of patients underwent ovarian-sparing surgery. There were 11 pathologically confirmed recurrences (2.6%) at a median follow-up of 12.8 months. The pathologically confirmed recurrence was 10.5 per 100 person-months at 12 months (SE = 5.7) for mucinous cystadenomas and 0.4 months (SE = 0.4) for mature teratomas (P = .001). For half of the patients, the pathologically confirmed recurrences occurred by 12.8 months, and for 75%, they occurred by 23.3 months. There were no differences in reoperation or recurrence on the basis of initial procedure (ovary-sparing surgery vs oophorectomy). CONCLUSION We measured the pathologically confirmed recurrence rate for pediatric benign ovarian neoplasms in a large cohort. Oophorectomy was not protective against recurrence. Mucinous cystadenomas were at a greater risk of pathologically confirmed recurrence.
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Hao J, Sun Z, Song G. Laparoscopy for Ovary-Sparing Tumorectomy in Children with Ovarian Tumors: A Clinical Retrospective Analysis. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2023; 33:296-302. [PMID: 36716193 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2022.0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the characteristics of pediatric ovarian tumors (OTs) and evaluate treatment strategies for ovary-sparing tumorectomy (OST). Materials and Methods: Medical records of children from October 2011 to December 2021 were reviewed. Data regarding clinical characteristics, pathological type, and management of OST were analyzed. Results: In total, 61 patients with OTs were screened. The median age was 14.8 ± 3.0 years. The median length and volume of borderline and malignant OTs were larger than those of benign OTs (P < .001 and P = .05, respectively). There was a significant difference in the median OT volume between torsion and nontorsion OTs (P = .04). The overall OST rate was 91.8% (67/73). A total of 53.4% (39/73) lesions were treated with laparoscopic OST. The OT volume was smaller in patients who underwent laparoscopy than in those who underwent laparotomy (P = .04). The probability of intraoperative tumor rupture or spillage was higher during laparoscopy than during laparotomy (P = .02). No significant differences were observed in OT recurrence. Seven patients had borderline and malignant tumors, 3 of whom had stage IA tumors and underwent OST. None of the patients experienced relapse. Conclusions: OT size is a useful reference factor for differential diagnosis and choosing laparoscopic surgery. Intraoperative tumor rupture and spillage of benign tumors during laparoscopy and laparotomy did not seem to be associated with recurrence, and laparoscopic OST was considered safe. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hao
- Department of Gynaecology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihuan Sun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Guoxin Song
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Shandong, China
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Lucchetti MC, Diomedi-Camassei F, Orazi C, Tassi A. A Rare Ovarian Tumor: The Sclerosing Stromal You Do Not Expect-A Case Series in the Adolescent Population and a Literature Review. Pediatr Rep 2023; 15:20-32. [PMID: 36649004 PMCID: PMC9844338 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric15010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sclerosing stromal tumor (SST) is a rare ovarian tumor arising from the sex cord-stromal cells that occurs mainly in young adults during the second and third decades of life and rarely in pediatric and adolescent populations. The objective of this study is to report three illustrative cases of SST in young girls who had undergone surgery at our clinic in or after 2009, and to perform a literature review of this rare ovarian tumor. A retrospective chart review of female patients aged <18 years with a diagnosis of SST treated in a tertiary pediatric hospital was performed. Furthermore, a 10-year review of the SST literature was completed. Three cases of SST at our institution were outlined. After reviewing the literature, 18 SST cases were identified. The mean age at diagnosis was 13.4 years, and the reported clinical presentations were abdominal or pelvic pain and menstrual irregularity. Seven patients had abnormal hormone tests or CA-125 levels. In approximately 30% of cases, conservative surgery was performed, preserving residual ovarian tissue. In conclusion, some preoperative findings may help in suggesting the presence of SST. However, definitive diagnosis can only be made by histopathological examination. It is important to consider this tumor because, given its benign behavior, a conservative approach is preferred, particularly in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Lucchetti
- Andrological Surgery Unit, Pediatric Gynecology, Department of Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Piazza S.Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Francesca Diomedi-Camassei
- Pathology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Piazza S.Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Orazi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Piazza S.Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Tassi
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Udine, P.le S.Maria Della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.L.); (A.T.)
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Toker Kurtmen B, Dokumcu Z, Divarci E, Ergun O, Ozok G, Celik A. Long-term surgical outcomes in pediatric ovarian neoplasms: 20-year single-center experience. Pediatr Surg Int 2022; 38:2035-2044. [PMID: 36169670 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-022-05256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The management of pediatric ovarian neoplasms (ON) is based on finding a balance between adequate surgical treatment and future reproductive capacity. We aimed to evaluate long-term results of patients who underwent surgery for ON. METHODS A retrospective cohort study design was used. Medical records of patients with ON were reviewed. They were invited to participate in a telephone-based survey assessing complaints, menstrual status, and post-surgical recurrence. RESULTS Eighty-five patients were operated for ON between 1995 and 2015. Median age at surgery was 14.7 years. 62.4% of patients had ovary-sparing surgery (OSS). Median tumor size in oophorectomy group was significantly larger than OSS group (p = 0.029). Median length of follow-up was 5.1 years. Recurrent/metachronous disease was not significantly different between OSS and oophorectomy groups (p = 1.000). In OSS group, irregular menses (p = 0.004) and painful menses (p = 0.002) were significantly higher than oophorectomy group. CONCLUSION The main goal of treatment in pediatric ON is to find the right balance between adequate and appropriate tumor resection and maximal effort for fertility preservation. Our results showed no difference between oophorectomy and OSS in the terms of recurrence. Although irregular and painful menses were found to be significantly higher in the OSS group, longer follow-up and prospective studies are needed to clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bade Toker Kurtmen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Bornova, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Zafer Dokumcu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Bornova, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Emre Divarci
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Bornova, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Orkan Ergun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Bornova, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Geylani Ozok
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Bornova, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Celik
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Bornova, 35100, İzmir, Turkey.
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AlDakhil L, Aljuhaimi A, AlKhattabi M, Alobaid S, Mattar RE, Alobaid A. Ovarian neoplasia in adolescence: a retrospective chart review of girls with neoplastic ovarian tumors in Saudi Arabia. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:105. [PMID: 36114569 PMCID: PMC9482250 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01033-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian neoplasia in children and adolescents is a rare tumor. The diagnosis and management of such tumors is often difficult and delayed due to non-specific symptoms and low suspicion. Surgical management that preserves fertility and ovarian function should be the goal. Objective This study aimed to review the clinical presentation, tumor characteristics, and management of Saudi Arabian adolescents. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted on adolescent girls aged 19 or less admitted to tow referral hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, diagnosed with adnexal mass over an 8 years’ period; patients who were older than 19 were excluded. The data collected from patients’ charts included age, presenting symptoms, radiologic findings, type of surgery, specialist who performed the surgery, and histopathology of the tumors. We classified patients according to age using the three WHO developmental stages: early adolescence (10–13 years old), middle adolescence (14–16 years old), and late adolescence (16–17 years old). The statistical study used SPSS version 18.0 to determine the data’s frequency, distributions, and means (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Results We analyzed 164 patients, between 10 and 19 years old, admitted to two hospitals between 2009 and 2017. We found that 85% of these patients underwent surgery for adnexal mass removal, and 90.2% were symptomatic or emergency cases. The majority of our patients were post-menarche (96.95%), and were between the ages of 14 and 19. The most common surgical procedure for tumor removal was laparoscopic cystectomy (74.4%). An adnexal mass with a solid component on ultrasound is the most commonly found indicator of malignancy. The majority of tumors were benign (32.3%). Germ cell tumors were the most common (68.7%) malignant tumor, and yolk sac tumors were the most common subgroup of germ cell tumors. When managed by a gynecologist, surgical intervention can be a successful method of preserving fertility. Conclusions Our results confirm that the majority of neoplastic ovarian tumors in children and adolescents are benign, and surgical intervention can be used to maintain fertility, especially when managed by a gynecologist. This is one of the largest reported series and the first from our area.
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12
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Morcy HMH, Almatrafi NDA, Bedaiwi AAA, Almijlad AAM, Bedaiwi SKA, Alsharif NAN. Overview on Screening and Prevalence of Ovarian Neoplasms in Saudi Arabia. ARCHIVES OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/iya2q5gpf2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Knaus ME, Lawrence AE, Onwuka AJ, Abouelseoud NM, Breech LL, Brito KS, Dekonenko C, Hertweck SP, Hong HY, Menon S, Merritt DF, Schikler AG, Senapati N, Smith YR, Strickland JL, Truehart AI, Minneci PC, Hewitt GD. Recommendations for Postoperative Surveillance of Pediatric Benign Ovarian Neoplasms. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2021; 34:666-672. [PMID: 33989806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To assess postoperative management of pediatric patients with benign ovarian neoplasms, to develop recommendations for postoperative care. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING Eight pediatric hospitals in the midwestern United States. PARTICIPANTS Patients up to 21 years of age who underwent surgery for a benign ovarian neoplasm between January 2010 and December 2016 were included. INTERVENTIONS No prospective interventions were evaluated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Main outcome measures included postoperative imaging findings, recurrence rates, reoperation rates, and the timing of the aforementioned results. RESULTS A total of 427 patients met inclusion criteria. After the index surgery, 155 patients (36%) underwent a routine imaging study. Among those with routine imaging, abnormalities were noted in 48 patients (31%); 7 went on to have reoperation (5%), and no malignant pathologies or torsion were identified. Excluding the 7 patients who went on to have a reoperation as a result of routine imaging, 113 patients developed symptoms postoperatively and underwent imaging as a result (27%, 113/420). Abnormalities were noted in 44 (10%); 15 of these patients underwent reoperation (4%), among them 2 with malignancies and 3 with torsion. Of these 44 patients, 23 had initially undergone routine imaging and subsequently went on to have symptomatic imaging, with 17% (4/23) undergoing reoperation. CONCLUSIONS Routine imaging did not identify malignancy; most lesions identified on routine imaging were incidental findings. Although the study was not powered to appreciate a statistically significant difference, patients with malignancy or torsion were identified in the symptomatic group. This suggests no benefit from routine imaging, and supports symptomatic imaging postoperatively to minimize costs and patient/family burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Knaus
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Amy E Lawrence
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Amanda J Onwuka
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Naila M Abouelseoud
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lesley L Breech
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Katherine S Brito
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Charlene Dekonenko
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - S Paige Hertweck
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Norton Children's Gynecology, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Helena Y Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Seema Menon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Diane F Merritt
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Nikki Senapati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Yolanda R Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Julie L Strickland
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO
| | - Amber I Truehart
- Section of Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Peter C Minneci
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Geri D Hewitt
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.
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Hulsker CCC, el Mansori I, Fiocco M, Zsiros J, Wijnen MHW, Looijenga LHJ, Mavinkurve-Groothuis AMC, van der Steeg AFW. Treatment and Survival of Malignant Extracranial Germ Cell Tumours in the Paediatric Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143561. [PMID: 34298776 PMCID: PMC8305293 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to explore overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS) rates internationally over the past two decades and to define specific subgroups with inferior outcomes which may demand different treatment strategies. METHODS The search focused on malignant extracranial germ cell tumours (GCTs) in the paediatric population. The initial database search identified 12,556 articles; 32 articles were finally included in this review, comprising a total of 5095 patients. RESULTS The studies were heterogeneous, varying from single institution reports to large prospective trials. Older studies, describing eras where non-platinum-based chemotherapy regimens were used, showed clearly worse outcomes. Survival for stage I-II gonadal disease is excellent. On the other hand, patients with an initial alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) > 10,000 ng/mL or kU/L, age > 11 years and stage IV disease confer a survival disadvantage. For testicular disease in particular, lymphovascular invasion and certain histopathological subtypes, such as embryonal carcinoma (EC) and mixed malignant GCTs, survival is poorer. Survival data for sacrococcygeal and mediastinal GCTs show a heterogeneous distribution across studies in this review, independent of year of publication. Patients > 12 years presenting with a mediastinal GCT pose a subpopulation which fares worse than GCTs in other locations or age groups. This is independent of AFP levels, stage of disease or treatment protocol, and these patients may demand a different treatment strategy. CONCLUSIONS This review describes the heterogeneous nature of GCTs in different anatomical locations, impacting on stage at presentation, treatment modalities used and survival data. Despite this heterogeneity, in line with the current developmental biology-based classification system, subpopulations can be defined which have an inferior EFS and OS and where future research and more individualised treatment would help to improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C. C. Hulsker
- Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.e.M.); (M.F.); (J.Z.); (M.H.W.W.); (L.H.J.L.); (A.M.C.M.-G.); (A.F.W.v.d.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-88-9727272
| | - Issam el Mansori
- Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.e.M.); (M.F.); (J.Z.); (M.H.W.W.); (L.H.J.L.); (A.M.C.M.-G.); (A.F.W.v.d.S.)
| | - Marta Fiocco
- Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.e.M.); (M.F.); (J.Z.); (M.H.W.W.); (L.H.J.L.); (A.M.C.M.-G.); (A.F.W.v.d.S.)
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, 2333CA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Biomedical Data Science Department, Section Medical Statistics, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - József Zsiros
- Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.e.M.); (M.F.); (J.Z.); (M.H.W.W.); (L.H.J.L.); (A.M.C.M.-G.); (A.F.W.v.d.S.)
| | - Marc H. W. Wijnen
- Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.e.M.); (M.F.); (J.Z.); (M.H.W.W.); (L.H.J.L.); (A.M.C.M.-G.); (A.F.W.v.d.S.)
| | - Leendert H. J. Looijenga
- Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.e.M.); (M.F.); (J.Z.); (M.H.W.W.); (L.H.J.L.); (A.M.C.M.-G.); (A.F.W.v.d.S.)
| | - Annelies M. C. Mavinkurve-Groothuis
- Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.e.M.); (M.F.); (J.Z.); (M.H.W.W.); (L.H.J.L.); (A.M.C.M.-G.); (A.F.W.v.d.S.)
| | - Alida F. W. van der Steeg
- Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.e.M.); (M.F.); (J.Z.); (M.H.W.W.); (L.H.J.L.); (A.M.C.M.-G.); (A.F.W.v.d.S.)
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Sosnowska-Sienkiewicz P, Nogal P, Gawron D, Wójcik K, Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska D, Mańkowski P. Ovarian tumors: Incidence, histological type
of lesions and treatment in pediatric age group. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.8603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and histological type of lesions affecting
the ovaries and to analyze employed methods of invasive treatment.
Materials&Methods: Medical records of patients who were treated surgically for ovarian tumors in the years 2015
-2019 were reviewed. The study group was comprised of 31 female patients.
Results: During 5 years time, there were 31 girls in the age from 3 months to 17 years hospitalized in the
department. The mean age was 11 years. Histopathological examination was performed in all of
these cases. 12 patients were diagnosed with malignant lesion, 19 with benign lesion. The most
commonly diagnosed malignant tumors were a dysgerminoma and a mixed germ cell tumor.
In the group of benign lesions, the most frequent tumor type was mature teratoma. The first
occurring symptom was abdominal pain. Some of the lesions were diagnosed accidentally during
ultrasonography. The diagnostics was expanded depending on the size of the tumor, staging and
clinical condition of the patient. All the patients were treated surgically, 16 of them underwent
laparoscopic surgery. Torsion of the ovary or oviduct was observed in 3 cases. Chemotherapy
was introduced in 8 cases as complementary treatment.
Conclusions: The most commonly diagnosed tumor was mature teratoma. Ultrasonography is the most frequent
method of the ovaries’ examination. Ovarian lesions are characterized by non-specific clinical
symptoms, which is associated with prevalent incidental detection during ultrasonography.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Nogal
- Student Research Group: Pediatric Surgery, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Traumatology and Urology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Dawid Gawron
- Student Research Group: Pediatric Surgery, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Traumatology and Urology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Korneliusz Wójcik
- Student Research Group: Pediatric Surgery, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Traumatology and Urology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | | | - Przemysław Mańkowski
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Traumatology and Urology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
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Mixed ovarian germ cell tumor in a child: A case report of a rare association. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 65:102237. [PMID: 33898029 PMCID: PMC8058898 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and importance ovarian tumors and especially mixed ovarian germ cell tumors are rarely seen in the paediatric population. Case presentation we report the case of a 13-year-old girl which was successfully treated for a mixed ovarian germ cell tumor with a favorable evolution. Clinical discussion the incidence of mixed ovarian germ cell tumors, clinical manifestations, histologic distribution and prognosis are predominentely distinct in children and adolescents as compared to adult population. The diagnosis should be suspected in young girls with chronic abdominal pain and palpable swelling of the lower abdomen. Conservative surgery is the first therapeutic procedure that consists of a total resection of the mass with preservation of the reproductive function. Circulating tumor markers have the potential in diagnosis, prognostic stratification and for follow-up. Conclusion mixed ovarian germ cell tumors are uncommen in children. Their management must be multidisciplinary and conservative surgery by laparotomy represent the standard of care. Mixed ovarian germ cell tumors are rarely seen in the paediatric population. They must be suspected in young girls with chronic abdominal pain and palpable mass of the lower abdomen. Total excision with preservation of ovarian reproductive function followed by chemotherapy is the gold standard of treatment.
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Lawrence AE, Fallat ME, Hewitt G, Hertweck P, Onwuka A, Afrazi A, Aldrink JH, Bence C, Burns RC, Corkum KS, Dillon PA, Ehrlich PF, Fraser JD, Gonzalez DO, Grabowski JE, Kabre R, Lal DR, Landman MP, Leys CM, Mak GZ, Rademacher BL, Raiji MT, Sato TT, Scannell M, Sujka JA, Wright TN, Minneci PC, Deans KJ. Factors Associated with Torsion in Pediatric Patients with Ovarian Masses. J Surg Res 2021; 263:110-115. [PMID: 33647800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of ovarian torsion has evolved toward ovarian preservation regardless of ovarian appearance during surgery. However, patients with torsion and an ovarian neoplasm undergo a disproportionately high rate of oophorectomy. Our objectives were to identify factors associated with ovarian torsion among females with an ovarian mass and to determine if torsion is associated with malignancy. METHODS A retrospective review of females aged 2-21 y who underwent an operation for an ovarian cyst or neoplasm between 2010 and 2016 at 10 children's hospitals was performed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with torsion. Imaging data were assessed for sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value in identifying ovarian torsion. RESULTS Of 814 girls with an ovarian neoplasm, 180 (22%) had torsion. In risk-adjusted analyses, patients with a younger age, mass size >5 cm, abdominal pain, and vomiting had an increased likelihood of torsion (P < 0.01 for all). Patients with a mass >5 cm had two times the odds of torsion (odds ratio: 2.1; confidence interval: 1.2, 3.6). Imaging was not reliable at identifying torsion (sensitivity 34%, positive predictive value 49%) or excluding torsion (specificity 72%, negative predictive value 87%). The rates of malignancy were lower in those with an ovarian mass and torsion than those without torsion (10% versus 17%, P = 0.01). Among the 180 girls with torsion and a mass, 48% underwent oophorectomy of which 14% (n = 12) had a malignancy. CONCLUSIONS In females with an ovarian neoplasm, torsion is not associated with an increased risk of malignancy and ovarian preservation should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Lawrence
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mary E Fallat
- Hiram C. Polk, Jr; M.D. Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Geri Hewitt
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Paige Hertweck
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Amanda Onwuka
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Amin Afrazi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jennifer H Aldrink
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christina Bence
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Robert C Burns
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kristine S Corkum
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Patrick A Dillon
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Peter F Ehrlich
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jason D Fraser
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Dani O Gonzalez
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Julia E Grabowski
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rashmi Kabre
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dave R Lal
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Matthew P Landman
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Charles M Leys
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Grace Z Mak
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biologic Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brooks L Rademacher
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Manish T Raiji
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biologic Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thomas T Sato
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Madeline Scannell
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joseph A Sujka
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Tiffany N Wright
- Hiram C. Polk, Jr; M.D. Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Peter C Minneci
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Katherine J Deans
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.
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Okawa ER, Gardner R, Feltmate C, Hirsch MS, Craig JW, Chan YM. An Unusual Cause of Secondary Amenorrhea in an Adolescent: Expanding the Differential. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa159. [PMID: 33241170 PMCID: PMC7672807 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary amenorrhea is not uncommon in the adolescent female population. There are multiple etiologies to consider, and a comprehensive evaluation is often pursued. Sometimes, however, despite a thorough workup, the diagnosis remains unclear. Here, we report an unusual cause of secondary amenorrhea in a 15-year-old girl. Our patient presented with secondary amenorrhea after a 4-year history of regular menstrual cycles. Her evaluation was notable for very low FSH and low estradiol but normal LH; pregnancy, adrenal, thyroid, prolactin studies, and brain magnetic resonance imaging scan did not reveal a cause of her amenorrhea. Her transabdominal ultrasound showed an enlarged right ovary, initially suggestive of a hemorrhagic cyst. Inhibin A and B were measured because of the persistently low FSH; these were found to be very elevated, concerning for an inhibin-producing tumor. The patient had surgical removal of her right ovary; pathology revealed a juvenile granulosa-cell tumor. Postoperatively, the patient had normalization of serum inhibin A and B and resumption of normal menstrual cycles. This report illustrates that careful consideration of laboratory findings and other studies is essential for correctly identifying the underlying cause of secondary amenorrhea, particularly when the results are not consistent with common causes of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Okawa
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roxanne Gardner
- Department of Gynecology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Colleen Feltmate
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle S Hirsch
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey W Craig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yee-Ming Chan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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19
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Lawrence AE, Minneci PC, Deans KJ. Ovarian Masses and Torsion: New Approaches for Ovarian Salvage. Adv Pediatr 2020; 67:113-121. [PMID: 32591055 DOI: 10.1016/j.yapd.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Lawrence
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Peter C Minneci
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Katherine J Deans
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
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20
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Factors Associated With Ovarian Preservation in Children and Adolescents With Primary Tumors of Ovary. Indian Pediatr 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-020-1847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Siviero I, da Silva de Oliveira JT, Forny DN, Méio IB, Bertrand Simões BC, Rezende Penna CR, Antunes Chagas VL. Torsion of Granulosa Cell Tumor of the Ovary in a Preschool Patient: A Rare Cause of Acute Abdomen. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2020; 21:e921689. [PMID: 32335578 PMCID: PMC7200090 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.921689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Female, 5-year-old Final Diagnosis: Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary Symptoms: Abdomen distension • abdominal mass • abdominal pain Medication:— Clinical Procedure: Diagnostic tests, surgical treatment and chemotherapy Specialty: Pediatrics and Neonatology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonete Siviero
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Tobias da Silva de Oliveira
- Teaching Division, Pediatric Surgery Service of The Peuriculture and Pediatrics Institute of Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielle Nunes Forny
- Teaching Division, Pediatric Surgery Service of The Peuriculture and Pediatrics Institute of Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ivens Baker Méio
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Betina Carla Bertrand Simões
- Teaching Division, Pediatric Surgery Service of The Peuriculture and Pediatrics Institute of Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia Renata Rezende Penna
- Imaging Department of The Peuriculture and Pediatrics Institute of Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia Antunes Chagas
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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22
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Shinkai T, Masumoto K, Chiba F, Shirane K, Tanaka Y, Aiyoshi T, Sasaki T, Ono K, Gotoh C, Urita Y, Takayasu H, Suzuki R, Sakashita S. Pediatric ovarian immature teratoma: Histological grading and clinical characteristics. J Pediatr Surg 2020; 55:707-710. [PMID: 31130350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian immature teratomas (ITs) are relatively rare among all pediatric ovarian tumors. The histological grading for ovarian ITs, which ranges from 1 to 3, is based on the proportion of immature neuroepithelial component. Higher-grade ITs in adults are treated as malignant neoplasms and require adjuvant chemotherapy. However, there is no consensus on the therapeutic management of pediatric ovarian ITs. The aim of our study was to analyze the histological grades and clinical characteristics of ovarian ITs in pediatric patients. METHODS This retrospective chart review consisted of seven patients, including one, three, and three patients with histological grade 1, 2, and 3 pediatric ovarian ITs, respectively, who were treated at our institute between 2000 and 2016. Collected data comprised age, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, clinical stage, tumor size, treatment, and prognosis. RESULTS The median age and AFP levels of patients with grade 1, 2, and 3 ovarian ITs were 8, 7, and 10 years and 37, 112, and 221 ng/ml, respectively. All cases were Children Oncology Group (COG) stage I and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IA. All patients had unilateral tumors in the right ovary. The median tumor sizes of the grade 1, 2, and 3 IT patients were 104, 160, and 100 cm2, respectively. All patients underwent primary open surgery alone. Two patients, including one patient each with grade 2 and 3 ITs, underwent tumor enucleation as ovary-sparing surgery, whereas the remaining five patients underwent unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The median follow-up was seven years, and all cases achieved event-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Clinical characteristics of patients with grade 3 ovarian ITs were relatively older and had higher AFP levels than those with lower-grade ITs. According to our patient's clinical course and prognosis, COG stage I pediatric ITs should be treated by surgery alone and that postoperative chemotherapy is unnecessary even for those with grade 3 ITs as well as patients with rather low AFP levels. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toko Shinkai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba.
| | - Kouji Masumoto
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Fumiko Chiba
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Kazuki Shirane
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Yasunari Tanaka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Tsubasa Aiyoshi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Takato Sasaki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Kentaro Ono
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Chikashi Gotoh
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Yasuhisa Urita
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Hajime Takayasu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Ryoko Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Shingo Sakashita
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
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23
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Approaches to the management of pediatric ovarian masses in the 21st century: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr Surg 2020; 55:357-368. [PMID: 31706611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopy is increasingly being adopted for the treatment of ovarian pathologies in adults. However, its implementation for the management of pediatric ovarian masses varies and the evidence, to date, has not been comprehensively analyzed. This review aims to compare laparoscopic and open surgical management of pediatric ovarian masses. METHODS We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar from the year 2000 till April 2017. Studies selected for this included those on epidemiological trends of pediatric ovarian lesions, assessing outcomes of laparoscopic management and comparison of laparoscopic and open surgical techniques for pediatric ovarian masses. A meta-analysis comparing outcomes of both modalities was performed using standard methodology. RESULTS A total of 44 studies met the inclusion criteria of which 15 were on histological types of ovarian lesions, 24 assessed laparoscopic management only and five compared laparoscopy with open surgery for pediatric ovarian masses. Nonneoplastic lesions were the most common ranging from 36.5% to 73.7%, with cystic lesions being the most prevalent. Neoplastic lesions ranged between 26.3% and 63.5%, with germ cell tumors being the most common, while malignancy ranged between 3.5% and 10.8%. Laparoscopic management was generally advocated for managing benign lesions with a cautious approach for suspicion of malignant lesions. In comparison to open surgery, laparoscopic surgery had shorter operating time (MD = -33.24 min, 95% CI = -34.29 to -32.19, p < 0.0001), less intraop bleeding (MD = - 61.46 ml, 95% CI = -62.69 to -60.24, p < 0.0001), and reduced length of hospital stay (MD = -2.78 days, 95% CI= -2.82 to -2.74, p<0.0001). Complication rates were equivocal between the two approaches. Spillage rates could not be assessed. CONCLUSION Limited evidence suggests that laparoscopic approach to presumptively benign ovarian masses have better outcomes when compared to open surgery with regards to operating time, blood loss and hospital stay. However, complication rates were similar between the two approaches. Studies with rigorous scientific methods are needed for a definitive recommendation, especially in resource limiting settings. However malignant lesions should still be managed with an open surgical approach to avoid upstaging of disease status. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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24
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Lawrence AE, Fallat ME, Hewitt G, Hertweck P, Onwuka A, Afrazi A, Bence C, Burns RC, Corkum KS, Dillon PA, Ehrlich PF, Fraser JD, Gonzalez DO, Grabowski JE, Kabre R, Lal DR, Landman MP, Leys CM, Mak GZ, Overman RE, Rademacher BL, Raiji MT, Sato TT, Scannell M, Sujka JA, Wright T, Minneci PC, Deans KJ, Aldrink JH. Understanding the Value of Tumor Markers in Pediatric Ovarian Neoplasms. J Pediatr Surg 2020; 55:122-125. [PMID: 31677824 PMCID: PMC7181461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of tumor markers for malignancy in girls with ovarian neoplasms. METHODS A retrospective review of girls 2-21 years who presented for surgical management of an ovarian neoplasm across 10 children's hospitals between 2010 and 2016 was performed. Patients who had at least one concerning feature on imaging and had tumor marker testing were included in the study. Sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values (PPV) of tumor markers were calculated. RESULTS Our cohort included 401 patients; 22.4% had a malignancy. Testing for tumor markers was inconsistent. AFP had high specificity (98%) and low sensitivity (42%) with a PPV of 86%. The sensitivity, specificity, and PPV of beta-hCG was 44%, 76%, and 32%, respectively. LDH had high sensitivity (95%) and Inhibin A and Inhibin B had high specificity (97% and 92%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Tumor marker testing is helpful in preoperative risk stratification of ovarian neoplasms for malignancy. Given the variety of potential tumor types, no single marker provides enough reliability, and therefore a panel of tumor marker testing is recommended if there is concern for malignancy. Prospective studies may help further elucidate the predictive value of tumor markers in a pediatric ovarian neoplasm population. TYPE OF STUDY Retrospective Cohort Review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Lawrence
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH,Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Mary E. Fallat
- Hiram C. Polk, Jr; M.D. Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Geri Hewitt
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Paige Hertweck
- Hiram C. Polk, Jr; M.D. Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisville University School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Amanda Onwuka
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Amin Afrazi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Christina Bence
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Robert C. Burns
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kristine S. Corkum
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Patrick A. Dillon
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Peter F. Ehrlich
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jason D. Fraser
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO
| | - Dani O. Gonzalez
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH,Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Julia E. Grabowski
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Rashmi Kabre
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Dave R. Lal
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Matthew P. Landman
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Charles M. Leys
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Grace Z. Mak
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biologic Sciences, Chicago, IL
| | - R. Elliott Overman
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Brooks L. Rademacher
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Manish T. Raiji
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biologic Sciences, Chicago, IL
| | - Thomas T. Sato
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Madeline Scannell
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Joseph A. Sujka
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO
| | - Tiffany Wright
- Hiram C. Polk, Jr; M.D. Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Peter C. Minneci
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH,Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Katherine J. Deans
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH,Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Jennifer H. Aldrink
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
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25
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Ripatti L, Taskinen M, Koivusalo A, Taskinen S. Surgically treated ovarian lesions in preadolescent girls. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2019; 99:105-111. [PMID: 31449329 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and characteristics of surgically treated ovarian lesions in preadolescent girls. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study including all 0- to 11-year-old girls operated at a single center from 1999 to 2016 for ovarian cysts, neoplasms or torsions. Patient charts were reviewed for symptoms, preoperative radiological imaging, operative details and histopathology. RESULTS We identified 78 girls, resulting in a population-based incidence of 4.2/100 000. Infants (n = 44) presented with benign cysts (42/44, 95%, one bilateral), a benign neoplasm (1/44, 2%) and a torsion without other pathology (1/44, 2%). Torsion was found in 25/29 (86%) ovaries with complex cysts and in 3/15 (21%) ovaries with simple cysts in preoperative imaging (P < 0.001). Most infants were symptomless. Lesions in 1- to 11-year-old girls (n = 34) included benign neoplasms (n = 21/34, 62%), malignant neoplasms (n = 5/34, 15%), a cyst with torsion (n = 1/34, 3%) and torsions without other pathology (n = 7/34, 21%). Torsion was more common in benign (17/21, 81%) than in malignant neoplasms (1/5, 20%) (P < 0.020). Ovarian diameter did not differ between ovaries with or without torsion (P = 0.238) or between benign and malignant neoplasms (P = 0.293). The duration of symptoms in lesions with or without torsion was similar. CONCLUSIONS The majority of surgically treated ovarian lesions in preadolescent are benign lesions with torsion. Surgery should be ovary-preserving and performed without delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisi Ripatti
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Taskinen
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Koivusalo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Taskinen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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26
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Lawrence AE, Gonzalez DO, Fallat ME, Aldrink JH, Hewitt GD, Hertweck SP, Onwuka A, Bence C, Burns RC, Dillon PA, Ehrlich PF, Fraser JD, Grabowski JE, Hirschl RB, Kabre R, Kohler JE, Lal DR, Landman MP, Leys CM, Mak GZ, Sato TT, Scannell M, Sujka JA, Minneci PC, Deans KJ. Factors Associated With Management of Pediatric Ovarian Neoplasms. Pediatrics 2019; 144:peds.2018-2537. [PMID: 31164439 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-2537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Available evidence supports ovary-sparing surgery for benign ovarian neoplasms; however, preoperative risk stratification of pediatric ovarian masses can be difficult. Our objective of this study was to characterize the surgical management of pediatric ovarian neoplasms across 10 children's hospitals and to identify factors that could potentially aid in the preoperative risk stratification of these lesions. METHODS A retrospective review of girls and women aged 2 to 21 years who underwent surgery for an ovarian neoplasm between 2010 and 2016 at 10 children's hospitals was performed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationships between the preoperative cohort characteristics, procedure performed, and risk of malignancy. RESULTS Among 819 girls and women undergoing surgery for an ovarian neoplasm, malignant lesions were identified in 11%. The overall oophorectomy rate for benign disease was 33% (range: 15%-49%) across institutions. Oophorectomy for benign lesions was independently associated with provider specialty (P = .002: adult gynecologist, 45%; pediatric surgeon, 32%; pediatric gynecologist, 18%), premenarchal status (P = .02), preoperative suspicion for malignancy (P < .0001), larger lesion size (P < .0001), and presence of solid components (P < .0001). Preoperative findings independently associated with malignancy included increasing size (P < .0001), solid components (P = .003), and age (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS The rate of oophorectomy for benign ovarian disease remains high within the pediatric population. Identification of factors associated with the choice of procedure and the risk of malignancy may allow for improved preoperative risk stratification and fewer unnecessary oophorectomies. These results have been used to develop and validate a multidisciplinary preoperative risk stratification algorithm that is currently being studied prospectively across 10 institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Lawrence
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery and the Research Institute and
| | - Dani O Gonzalez
- Department of Surgery, Mt. Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | | | - Jennifer H Aldrink
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery and the Research Institute and
| | - Geri D Hewitt
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Nationwide Children's Hospital and College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - S Paige Hertweck
- Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Norton Children's Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Amanda Onwuka
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery and the Research Institute and
| | - Christina Bence
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Robert C Burns
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Patrick A Dillon
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Peter F Ehrlich
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jason D Fraser
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Julia E Grabowski
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ronald B Hirschl
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rashmi Kabre
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jonathan E Kohler
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Dave R Lal
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Matthew P Landman
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Charles M Leys
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Grace Z Mak
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, the University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thomas T Sato
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Madeline Scannell
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Joseph A Sujka
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Peter C Minneci
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery and the Research Institute and
| | - Katherine J Deans
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery and the Research Institute and
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27
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Squillaro AI, Zhou S, Thomas SM, Kim ES. A 10-Month-Old Infant Presenting With Signs of Precocious Puberty Secondary to a Sclerosing Stromal Tumor of the Ovary in the Absence of Hormonal Elevation. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2019; 22:375-379. [PMID: 30577720 DOI: 10.1177/1093526618819605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Precocious puberty in an infant is an alarming and infrequent finding, making the differential diagnosis difficult for practitioners. Precocious puberty secondary to a sclerosing stromal tumor (SST) of the ovary is rare. We present a case of a child that began precocious puberty at 3 months of age including development of breast buds, pubic hair, growth spurt, and menarche 5 days prior to presenting to pediatric endocrinology at 10 months. She underwent right salpingo-oophorectomy which demonstrated a soft tissue mass occupying almost the entire ovary with a tan-pink fleshy cut surface. Histological examination confirmed a variant of SST. This case represents an extremely young onset of precocious puberty secondary to a variant of SST without hormonal elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony I Squillaro
- 1 Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shengmei Zhou
- 2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stefanie M Thomas
- 3 Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,4 Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eugene S Kim
- 1 Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,5 Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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28
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Depoers C, Martin FA, Nyangoh Timoh K, Morcet J, Proisy M, Henno S, Lavoue V, Arnaud AP. A Preoperative Scoring System for Adnexal Mass in Children and Adolescents to Preserve Their Future Fertility. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2019; 32:57-63. [PMID: 30205159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To develop a predictive score for ovarian malignancy to avoid unnecessary adnexectomy in cases of adnexal mass in pediatric and adolescent girls. DESIGN A population-based retrospective study on girls who underwent surgery for an ovarian mass with normal levels of human chorionic gonadotrophin and alpha fetoprotein between 1996 and 2016. SETTING Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France. PARTICIPANTS Eighty-one patients who received surgery for ovarian tumor. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measure was the rate of malignant and borderline tumor. A preoperative scoring system was constructed after multivariate analysis. RESULTS The rate of malignant ovarian tumor was 6/81 (7%), borderline tumor was 7/81 (9%) (ie, outcome measure: 16%), and benign tumor was 84%. In a univariate analysis, the characteristics significantly associated with malignancy were early puberty, palpable mass, size and content of the tumor, and positive epithelial tumor markers (carcinoma antigen 125, carcinoembryonic antigen, and carcinoma antigen 19-9). The predictive malignancy score was on the basis of 2 variables obtained after multivariate analysis: tumor size and cystic content. The score defined 3 groups at risk for malignancy: low risk, middle-risk, and high-risk. The sensitivity for detecting malignancy was 1.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1-18.4), 26.2% (95% CI, 11.6-49.0), and 53.1% (95% CI, 29.1-75.8), respectively. CONCLUSION We set up a simple predictive score of malignancy on the basis of objective criteria to help decision-making on whether or not ovarian-sparing surgery is feasible in case of children and adolescents with ovarian tumors and normal human chorionic gonadotrophin and alpha fetoprotein levels while ensuring oncologic safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flore-Anne Martin
- Service de gynécologie, Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France; Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | | | - Jeff Morcet
- Centre d'investigation clinique, Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, Rennes, France
| | - Maia Proisy
- Service de radiologie pédiatrique, Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Sebastien Henno
- Service d'anatomie pathologique, Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Lavoue
- Service de gynécologie, Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - Alexis Pierre Arnaud
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inra, Inserm, Institut NUMECAN - UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Rennes, France.
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Abid I, Zouari M, Jallouli M, Sahli S, Bouden A, Ben Abdallah R, Trabelsi F, Jabloun A, Charieg A, Mrad C, Marzouki M, Mosbahi S, Ezzi A, Mootamri R, Hamzaoui M, Kaabar N, Jlidi S, Nouri A, Mhiri R. Ovarian masses in pediatric patients: a multicenter study of 98 surgical cases in Tunisia. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018; 34:243-247. [PMID: 28942697 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1381839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian masses requiring surgical intervention are uncommon in the pediatric population. Our aim is to report results of a multicentric Tunisian study concerning the clinical practice and the management of pediatric ovarian masses and to identify the factors that are associated with ovarian preservation. Between January 2000 and December 2015, 98 pediatric patients (<14 years) were surgically treated for ovarian masses at the five pediatric surgery departments in Tunisia. Ninety-eight patients were included in this study. The mean age of the patients at time of surgery was 8.46 ± 4.87 years. Sixty-three ovarian masses (64.3%) were non-neoplastic lesions, 24 (24.5%) were benign tumors, and 11 (11.2%) were malignant neoplasms. Conservative surgery (ovarian-preserving surgery) was successfully performed in 72.4% of the benign lesions, whereas only three patients (27.3%) with malignant tumors underwent ovary-sparing tumor resection (p < .001). The mean diameter of the tumors in the patients who underwent oophorectomy was significantly larger than that in the patients who underwent conservative surgery (7.8 ± 3.9 cm vs. 5.7 ± 2.9 cm, respectively, p = .001). In our study, the risk factors for oophorectomy were a malignant pathology and large tumor size. In accordance with the Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup consensus, we recommend that surgical management of ovarian masses in children should be based on ovarian-preserving surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Abid
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , Hedi Chaker Hospital , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - M Zouari
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , Hedi Chaker Hospital , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - M Jallouli
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , Hedi Chaker Hospital , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - S Sahli
- b Department of Pediatric Surgery "A" , Children Hospital , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - A Bouden
- b Department of Pediatric Surgery "A" , Children Hospital , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - R Ben Abdallah
- c Department of Pediatric Surgery , Habib Thameur Hospital , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - F Trabelsi
- c Department of Pediatric Surgery , Habib Thameur Hospital , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - A Jabloun
- c Department of Pediatric Surgery , Habib Thameur Hospital , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - A Charieg
- d Department of Pediatric Surgery "B" , Children Hospital , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - C Mrad
- d Department of Pediatric Surgery "B" , Children Hospital , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - M Marzouki
- d Department of Pediatric Surgery "B" , Children Hospital , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - S Mosbahi
- e Department of Pediatric Surgery , Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - A Ezzi
- e Department of Pediatric Surgery , Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - R Mootamri
- e Department of Pediatric Surgery , Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - M Hamzaoui
- b Department of Pediatric Surgery "A" , Children Hospital , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - N Kaabar
- c Department of Pediatric Surgery , Habib Thameur Hospital , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - S Jlidi
- d Department of Pediatric Surgery "B" , Children Hospital , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - A Nouri
- e Department of Pediatric Surgery , Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - R Mhiri
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery , Hedi Chaker Hospital , Sfax , Tunisia
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Łuczak J, Bagłaj M. Selecting treatment method for ovarian masses in children - 24 years of experience. J Ovarian Res 2017; 10:59. [PMID: 28893324 PMCID: PMC5594432 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-017-0353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiology and pathology of ovarian tumors in the pediatric population are very different of these encountered in women. Few attempts have been made to analyze the whole spectrum of ovarian pathology in children, and only some of them included series of more than 200 cases. We performed a retrospective analysis of clinical and diagnostic aspects of ovarian tumors and tumor-like lesions in girls in order to identify the characteristics associated with malignancy with an attempt to elaborate a clinical management algorithm. RESULTS The study group comprised 214 patients operated on for ovarian tumor in years 1991-2014 at the pediatric surgical center. Non-neoplastic ovarian lesion was diagnosed in 127 females. Sixty-five patients had a benign tumor and 22 had a malignant lesion. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom in the non-malignant lesion group. Patients with ovarian malignancy presented predominantly with abdominal distension and palpable mass. In the non-malignant group imaging studies revealed cystic lesion in 124 patients (68.89%) and solid mass in 10 (5.55%). Malignant lesion showed a solid or mixed structure in all cases. Positive tumor markers were noted in 14 (13.7%) patients with a benign lesion and in 14 (70%) with ovarian malignancy. Large lesions were found in 77.3% of girls with a malignant mass, while only in 32.8% of patients with a benign lesion (p < 0.001). In the group of solid tumors positive tumor marker results occurred more frequently in patients with diagnosed malignant tumors (p < 0.05). Positive tumor markers, large size of the lesion and age below 14 years were independent variables differentiating malignant tumors from non-malignant lesions (p = 0.00000). CONCLUSIONS Predominantly solid structures noted on imaging studies, large dimension and positive tumor markers are clinical predictors of malignancy. A diagnosis of purely cystic lesions with negative markers or of a small size should be an indication for a gonad-sparing procedure. Treatment guidelines for ovarian lesions in children should be established on the basis of multicenter prospective studies and introduced as soon as possible in order to improve and unify the ovarian preservation rates across the pediatric surgical centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Łuczak
- Pediatric Surgery and Urology Department, Wroclaw Medical University, 52 M. Sklodowskiej Curie ST, 50-369, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Maciej Bagłaj
- Pediatric Surgery and Urology Department, Wroclaw Medical University, 52 M. Sklodowskiej Curie ST, 50-369, Wroclaw, Poland
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31
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Mature Ovarian Teratoma After Treatment for Unilateral Retinoblastoma With Nonmutated RB1. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2017; 39:485-486. [PMID: 28719514 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000000918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Abstract
Adnexal masses (ie, masses of the ovary, fallopian tube, or surrounding tissues) commonly are encountered by obstetrician-gynecologists and often present diagnostic and management dilemmas. Most adnexal masses are detected incidentally on physical examination or at the time of pelvic imaging. Less commonly, a mass may present with symptoms of acute or intermittent pain. Management decisions often are influenced by the age and family history of the patient. Although most adnexal masses are benign, the main goal of the diagnostic evaluation is to exclude malignancy. The purpose of this document is to provide guidelines for the evaluation and management of adnexal masses in adolescents, pregnant women, and nonpregnant women and to outline criteria for the identification of adnexal masses that are likely to be malignant and may warrant referral to or consultation with a gynecologic oncologist.
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Spinelli C, Strambi S, Liloia C, Bertocchini A, Messineo A. Update on the surgical management of ovarian neoplasms in children and adolescents: analysis on 32 cases. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:787-791. [PMID: 27250513 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2016.1190819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzes updated clinical, diagnostic, and surgical directions for the treatment of ovarian neoplasms in children and adolescents, comparing them with a retrospective analysis of 32 cases treated in two Pediatric Surgery University Institutions. From January 2005 to December 2015, 32 pediatric patients were surgically treated for 32 ovarian tumors: 28 (87.5%) benign and 4 (12.5%) malignant neoplastic lesions. Median age at surgery was 11.2 years (12.8 years in patients with benign neoplasms, 7.25 years in patients with malignant ones). All patients with malignant and 25% of patients with benign ovarian lesions had elevated serum level of tumors markers. The surgical approach was laparotomic in 62.5% and laparoscopic in 37.5%; 81.2% surgeries were performed in elective surgery and 18.8% in emergency. Intraoperative frozen section analysis was performed in 18.75% of patients. The most frequent surgery (96.8%) was unilateral oophorectomy. After a median follow-up of 76 months (range 6-132 months), 31/32 patients are alive and disease-free. In case of malignant tumors, fertility-sparing surgery with accurate staging must be performed. Laparoscopic multiport is the gold standard approach for benign pediatric ovarian neoplasms, but the use of laparoscopy in full respect of oncological principles also for early stage malignant tumors is currently increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Spinelli
- a Chair of Pediatric Surgery, Adolescent and Young Adult Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and of the Critical Area, Universita degli Studi di Pisa , Pisa , Italy and
| | - Silvia Strambi
- a Chair of Pediatric Surgery, Adolescent and Young Adult Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and of the Critical Area, Universita degli Studi di Pisa , Pisa , Italy and
| | - Concetta Liloia
- a Chair of Pediatric Surgery, Adolescent and Young Adult Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and of the Critical Area, Universita degli Studi di Pisa , Pisa , Italy and
| | - Alessia Bertocchini
- b Department of Pediatric Surgery , Universita degli Studi di Firenze , Firenze , Italy
| | - Antonio Messineo
- b Department of Pediatric Surgery , Universita degli Studi di Firenze , Firenze , Italy
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34
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Abu Sulb A, Abu El Haija M, Muthukumar A. Incidental finding of a huge ovarian serous cystadenoma in an adolescent female with menorrhagia. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2016; 4:2050313X16645755. [PMID: 27489715 PMCID: PMC4927290 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x16645755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic tumors in adolescent females are very uncommon. While the most common presentation is pelvic discomfort, we report the case of a 14-year-old female presenting with menorrhagia which is an unusual initial complaint for a large pelvic tumor. Adolescent females who present with heavy menstrual bleeding initially undergo assessment to rule out a bleeding disorder. In this case, careful history and physical examination helped in making a quick diagnosis and management. Ultrasound of abdomen showed a huge cystic mass due to serous cystadenoma of the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Abu Sulb
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Marwa Abu El Haija
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Akila Muthukumar
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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35
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CA-125: What does that lab really mean? Diagnosis (Berl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/dx-2016-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ovarian torsion is often a diagnosis of exclusion, and while less common in pre-pubertal females, it is on the differential for a pelvic mass. Tumor markers can be used to characterize a pelvic mass, with varying sensitivity and specificity. This is a case of a 10-year-old pre-pubertal female presenting with abdominal pain and found to have an ovarian mass. Her tumor markers demonstrated an elevated CA-125, increasing concern for neoplasm. This led to a delayed operative course and she was ultimately found to have an ovarian torsion. There is unclear utility of CA-125 in pediatrics and reliance on tumor markers during the work-up of an ovarian mass should be limited to avoid diagnostic error.
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Baert T, Storme N, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Uyttebroeck A, Van Damme N, Vergote I, Coosemans A. Ovarian cancer in children and adolescents: A rare disease that needs more attention. Maturitas 2016; 88:3-8. [PMID: 27105689 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is rare in childhood. This explains why there are only scattered reports on it in the literature and why there is a lack of specific pediatric treatment. This paper gives an overview of the Belgian data from 2004 to 2013 and reviews the literature. To index ovarian masses and malignancies in children better in the future, worldwide data collection should be improved and reproducible definitions of 'childhood', 'malignancy' and 'ovarian mass' need to be adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Baert
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Gynaecologic Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Belgium.
| | - N Storme
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Van Nieuwenhuysen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Gynaecologic Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Belgium
| | - A Uyttebroeck
- Department of Paediatric Haemato-oncology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - I Vergote
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Gynaecologic Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Belgium
| | - A Coosemans
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Gynaecologic Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Belgium
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37
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Xu M, Che L, Wang D, Yang Z, Zhang P, Lin Y, Fang Z, Che L, Li J, Chen D, Wu D, Xu S. Proteomic Analysis of Fetal Ovary Reveals That Ovarian Developmental Potential Is Greater in Meishan Pigs than in Yorkshire Pigs. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135514. [PMID: 26305539 PMCID: PMC4549060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-dependent expression of functional proteins in fetal ovaries is important to understand the developmental process of the ovary. This study was carried out to enhance our understanding of the developmental process of porcine fetal ovaries and to better address the differences in fetal ovary development of local and foreign pigs. The objective of the present study is to test the expression of key proteins that regulate the growth and development of fetal ovaries in Meishan and Yorkshire porcine breeds by using proteomics technology. Six Meishan and 6 Yorkshire pregnant gilts were used in this experiment. Fetal ovaries were obtained from Yorkshire and Meishan gilts on days 55 and 90 of the gestation period. Using 2D-DIGE (two dimensional-difference in gel electrophoresis) analysis, the results showed that there are about 1551 and 1400 proteins in gilt fetal ovaries on days 55 and 90, respectively of the gestation. Using MALDI TOF-TOF MS analysis, 27 differentially expressed proteins were identified in the fetal ovaries of the 2 breeds on day 55 of gestation, and a total of 18 proteins were identified on day 90 of gestation. These differentially expressed proteins were involved in the regulation of biological processes (cell death, stress response, cytoskeletal proteins) and molecular functions (enzyme regulator activity). We also found that alpha-1-antitrypsin, actin, vimentin, and PP2A proteins promote the formation of primordial follicles in the ovaries of Yorkshire pigs on day 55 of gestation while low expression heat shock proteins and high expression alpha-fetoproteins (AFP) may promote Meishan fetal ovarian follicular development on day 90 of gestation. These findings provide a deeper understanding of how reduced expression of heat shock proteins and increased expression of AFP can significantly reduce the risk of reproductive disease in obese Meishan sows. Our study also shows how these proteins can increase the ovulation rate and may be responsible for the low reproductive efficiency reported in other obese breeds. The ovarian developmental potential was found to be greater in Meishan pigs than in Yorkshire pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014, China
| | - Long Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014, China
| | - Dingyue Wang
- Tequ Group of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610207, China
| | - Zhenguo Yang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014, China
- * E-mail:
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